Mastronarde Key and Appendices

ê v tO v J S

Introduction to Attic Greek Answer Key

Donald J. Mastronarde

ΠΡΟΛΕΤΑΡΙΟΙ ΟΑΟ-M TAN χ£ΙΡΩ^, ενοθειτ^:

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY

LOS ANGELES

LONDON

C ji- i A ^ r

University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 1994 by The Regents of the University of California ISBN 978-0-520-20177-4 Printed in the United States of America 08 07 06 9 8 7 6 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). ©

Preface

This booklet provides the answers to the exercises appearing in Introduction to Attic Greek by Donald J. Mastronarde, University of California

Press 1993. The answers given here take into account the very few changes and corrections in the exercises made in the corrected third printing of the paperback edition (1995). The different answers applicable to the first and sec ond printing are recorded in notes. Please note that in many of the exercises the answers given are not ex haustive of the possible correct answers. For instance, when an exercise asks the student to give one definition of the word, any one of the definitions supplied in the book is correct, but only one possible answer is indicated here. Similarly, sentences to be translated from Greek to English may be correctly answered with slightly different phrasing than that given in this Key. For Greek sentences composed by the student, there are of course many variations possible in word order and in treatment of details such as choice of con junction “and” or choice of synonym or placement of an attributive modified (article-modifier-noun vs. article-noun-repeated article-modifier). For most of the Greek-to-English sentences that were based on actual texts, the citation for the origin or inspiration of the sentence is given. I am grateful for the careful assistance of Benjamin Hughes in checking the answers. But I alone am responsible for any errors or unclear answers that remain.

UNIT TW O

I. [NOTE: the references to §6 are optional parts of the answers.] 1. acute on P, U is long, §8 (short accenfed P has acute); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 2. circumflex on P, U is short, §8 (long accented P before short U has circumflex); §6 (circumflex may appear on P or U) 3. acute on P, U is long, §8 (long accented P before long U has acute); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 4. circum flex on U, U is long, §7 (long U may have circumflex); §6 (circumflex may appear on P or U) 5. circum flex on U, U is long, §7 (long U may have circumflex); §6 (circumflex may appear on P or U) 6 . acute on U, U is long, §7; §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 7. circumflex on P, U is short, §8 (long accented P before short U has circumflex); §6 (circumflex may appear on P or U); (second accent due to enclitic) additional acute on U, §12c 8 . acute on A, U is short, §9 (accented A has acute, U must be short); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U); (second accent due to enclitic) additional acute on U, §12c 9. acute on A, U is short, §9 (accented A has acute, U must be short); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 10. acute on U, U is short, §7 (short accented U has acute in isolation); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 11. (first word) grave on U, U is short, §7 (short accented U has grave before another word); §6 (grave may appear only on U); (second word) acute on U, U is short, §7 (short accented U has acute in isolation); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 12. acute on A, U is short, §9 (accented A has acute, U must be short); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 13. (first word) grave on U, U is long, §7 (long accented U may have grave before another word); §6 (grave may appear only on U); (second word) acute on A, U is short, §9 (accented A has acute, U must be short); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 14. acute on U, U is short, §7 (short accented U has acute in isolation); §6 (acute may appear on A, P, or U) 15. circumflex on U, U is long, §7 (long U may have circumflex); §6 (circumflex may appear on P or U)

1

2

II. 1. δώρα. 2 . άνθρωπε 3. λα μ β ά νει 4. β ο ΰ λ ετα ι

Answer Key to Introduction to Attic Greek

5. γ λώ ττά ν 6 . γλώ ττη ς 1. λό γο ν 8 . λόγους

9. παιδείαι 10. άνεμος 11. αγαθόν 12. καλόν δώρον

UNIT THREE I.

1. acc. sing, of ήλιος, ήλιου, m., “sun” 2 . nom./voc. pi. of πόλεμος, πολέμου, m., “war” 3. dat. pi. of β ι β λ ί ο ν , β ι β λ ί ο υ , n., “book” 4. gen. sing, of παιδίον, παιδιού, n., “child” 5. dat. sing, of θεός, θεοϋ, m. (f.), “god(dess)” 6 . nom./voc. pi. of νόσος, νόσου, f., “sickness” 7. dat. sing, of ψήφος, ψ ή φ ο υ , {., “pebble” 8 . acc. pi. of θάνατος, θανάτου, m., “death” 9. acc. sing, of νόμος, νόμου, m., “law” 10. dat. pi. of άγγελος, α γ γ έ λ ο υ , m., “messenger” 11. nom./acc./voc. pi. of μέτρον, μέτρου, n., “measure” 12. nom./acc./voc. pi. of δώρον, δώρου, n., “gift” 13. gen. pi. of βίος, β ίο υ , m., “life” 14. gen. pi. of όδό?, όδοΰ, f., “road” 15. gen. sing, of ϊππος, 'ίππου, m. (f.), “horse” 16. dat. sing, of άνθρωπος, ανθρώπου, m. (f.), “human being” 17. acc. pi. of νόσος, νόσου, f., “sickness” 18. voc. sing, of άνεμος, άνεμου, m., “wind” 19. acc. sing, of Aoyos, λό γο υ, m., “word” 20 . dat. pi. of εργον, έργου, n., “work” 21 . nom./acc./voc. sing, of δώρον, δώρου, n., “gift” 22 . gen. sing, of β ι β λ ί ο ν , β ι β λ ί ο υ , n., “book” 23. dat. pi. of όδός, όδοΰ, f., “road” 24. nom./voc. pi. of ψήφος, ψ ή φ ο υ, f., “pebble” 25. dat. sing, of πόλεμος, π ολέμου, m., “war” 26. nom./voc. pi. of θεός, θεού, m. (f.), “god(dess)” 27. acc. sing, of βίος, β ίο υ , m., “life” 28. nom./voc. pi. of άγγελος, α γ γ έ λ ο υ , m., “messenger” 29. nom./acc./voc. pi. of παιδίον, παιδίου, n., “child” 30. gen. pi. of θάνατος, θανάτου, m. “death” 31. gen. sing, of μέτρον, μέτρου, n., “measure” 32. acc. pi. of λόγος, λό γο υ, m., “word”

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UNITS TWO-FOUR

II. 1. ψ ή φ ο ι, f. 2. πολέμου, m. 3. παώία, n. 4. νόσος, f. 5. μίτρον, n. 6 . 7ταώία, n. 7. δώρον, n. 8 . ήλιος, m. 9. θεοί, m. (f.) 10. Θανάτω, m.

III. 1. πλούτον 2 . χρόνοις 3. στρατηγέ 4. διδασκάλου

11. €ργοις, n. 12. ανθρώπων, m. (f.)

13. ϊπποις, m. (f.) 14. όδω, f. 15. λόγω ν, m. 16. α γγέλο υ ς, m. Π. β ί β , τ η . 18. ν ό μ ο ν , m. 19. λόγος, m.

·

20 . 'έργου, n. 21 . δώρου, n. 22 . νόμοι, m. 23. άνζμοι, m. 24. ϊπ που, m. 25. μέτρα, n. 26. άγγέλοις, m. 27. παιδίω, n.

5. στρατοπέδοις 6 . ποταμώ 7. τρόπων 8 . λίθοι

9. στάδια 10. υιών

11. ά γ γ ε λ ο ι, m. 12. νόσω, f. 13. άνθρωπέ, m. (f.) 14. όδοϊς, f. 15. γνωμών, f. 16. φωνή, f. 17. ημέρας, f. 18. παιδίον, n. 19. δίκην, f. 20 . ήμέραι, f.

21 . όδοΰ, f. 22 . ψ υ χ ή , f. 23. ήδοναϊς, f. 24. στρατιας, f. 25. Oeai, f. (6eoi, f.) 26. τιμήν, f. 27. λό γο ι, m. 28. νίκη, f. 29. ανέμους, m. 30. θυρών, f.

UNIT FOUR I.

1. φ ιλ ία ν , f. 2 . ήδοναί, f. 3. παιδεία?, f. 4. φ υ γώ ν, f. 5. τιμής, f. 6 . γνώμας, f. 7. πολέμων, m. 8. δίκαις, f. 9. σκηνάς, f. 10. Θύραι, f.

II. 1. dat. sing, of ψ υχή , ψ υχή ς, f., “soul” 2 . acc. sing, of στρατιά, στρατιάς, f., “army” 3. nom./voc. sing, of νίκη, νίκης, f., “victory” 4. dat. pi. of αγορά, αγοράς, f., “marketplace” 5. gen. pi. of τιμή, τιμής, f., “honor” 6 . acc. pi. of ape τη, αρετής, f. “virtue” 7. nom./voc. pi. of συμφορά, συμφοράς, f., “event” 8 . gen. sing, or acc. pi. of θΰρα, θύρας, f., “door” 9. acc. sing, of αρχή, αρχής, f., “beginning”


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10. acc. pi. of θεά, θεας, f., “goddess” 11. dat. pi. of δώρον, δώρου, n., “gift” 12. dat. sing, of παιδεία, παιδεία?, f., “education” 13. acc. pi. of λόγος, λ ό γο ν , m., “word” 14. nom./acc./voc. pi. of β φ λ ί ο ν , β ι β λ ί ο υ , n., “book” 15. dat. sing, of τιμή, τιμής, f., “honor” 16. dat. pi. of συμφορά, συμφοράς, f., “event” 17. voc. sing, of άγγελος, α γ γ έ λ ο υ , m., “messenger” 18. gen. pi. of άγορά, άγοράς, f., “marketplace” 19. acc. sing, of θεός, θεού, m. (f.), “god(dess)” 20 . gen. sing, of σκηνή, σκηνής, f., “tent” 21 . dat. sing, of φωνή, φωνής, f., “voice” 22 . nom./voc. pi. of δίκη, δίκης, f., “justice” 23. acc. pi. of φ υ γή , φυγή ς, f., “flight” 24. dat. pi. of νίκη, νίκης, f., “victory” 25. acc. sing, of ψ υχή , ψ υχή ς, f., “soul” 26. gen. sing, of αρετή, αρετής, f., “virtue” 27. nom./voc. pi. of ήδονή, ηδονής, f., “pleasure” 28. gen. pi. of αρχή, άρχής, f., “beginning” 29. nom./voc. pi. of τιμή, τιμής, f., “honor” 30. dat. pi. of ήμερα, ημέρας, f., “day” III.

1. ανάγκην 2. μάχαις 3. επιθυμία 4. ειρηνών

6.

9. ησυχία 10. κεφαλή

11. δίκας, f. 12. ανέμων, m. 13. γνώμαις, f. 14. ύγιεία, f. 1 5 . ναύτου, m. 1 6 . νόμον, m. 17. χώρα ι, f. 18. β ι β λ ί α , η. 19. ό π λϊτα , m. 20 . θεαί, f.

21 . γέφυρας, f. 22 . δέσποτα ι, m. 23. τραπέζαις, f. 24. ύγιείας, f. 25. αλήθεια, f. 26. νεανίαν, m. 27. ποιηταί, m. 28. π ο λίτη , m. 29. στρατιώτας, m. 30. γλω ττώ ν, f.

5 . ευχής σοφίαν 7. π λ η γ α ί 8. ελευθερίας

UNIT FIVE I.

1. πολίταις, m. 2 . τραπεζών, f. 3. αλήθειαν, f. 4. μοίραι, f. 5. δι καστοϋ, m. 6 . κριτάς, m. 7. νεανίας, m. 8 . δόζη, f. 9. ποιητά, m. 10. ναύτην, m.

UNITS FOUR-SIX

5

II. 1. nom. sing, of οπλίτης, οπ λίτο υ, m., “hoplite” 2 . acc. sing of ύγίεια, ΰγιείας, f., “health” 3. dat. sing, of θάλαττα, θαλάττης, f., “sea” 4. acc. pi. of στρατιώτης, στρατιώτου, m., “soldier” 5. dat. pi. of χώρα, χώρας, f., “country” 6 . gen. pi. of γλώ ττα, γλώ ττης, f., “tongue” 7. nom. pi. (or voc. pi.) of πάρα, πείρας, f., “attempt” 8. gen. sing, of αρχή, αρχής, f., “beginning” 9. dat. sing, of φωνή, φωνής, f., “voice” 10. acc. pi. of δόξα, δόζης, f., “reputation” 11. dat. sing, of γέφυρα, γέφυρας, f., “bridge” 12. nom. pi. (or voc. pi.) of πολίτης, πο λίτο υ, m., “citizen” 13. gen. sing, of δεσπότης, δεσπότου, m., “master” 14. gen. pi. of ναύτης, ναύτου, m., “sailor” 15. nom. pi. (or voc. pi.) of φυγή , φυγή ς, f., “flight” 16. nom. pi. (or voc. pi.) of στρατιώτης, στρατιώτου, m.,“soldier” 17. voc. sing, of πολίτης, πο λίτο υ, m., “citizen” 18. dat. sing, of ύγίεια, ύγιείας, f., “health” 19. gen. sing, or acc. pi. of μοίρα, μοίρας, f., “fate” 20 . acc. pi. of δεσπότης, δεσπότου, m., “master” 21 . gen. sing, of δόζα, δόζης, f., “reputation” 22 . dat. pi. of γλώ ττα , γλώ ττης, f., “tongue” 23. acc. sing of οπλίτης, οπ λίτο υ, m., “hoplite” 24. acc. sing of πει pa, πείρας, f., “attempt” 25. nom. pi. (or voc. pi.) of ναύτης, ναύτου, m., “sailor” 26. gen. pi. of ηδονή, ηδονής, f., “pleasure” 27. acc. pi. of θάλαττα, θαλάττης, f., “sea” 28. gen. sing, of νόσος, νόσου, f., “sickness” 29. dat. pi. of of τράπεζα, τραπέζης, f., “table”* 30. gen. sing, of κριτής, κριτου, m., “judge” 31. dat. sing, of αλήθεια, αλήθειας, f., “truth” 32. gen. pi. of μοίρα, μοίρας, f., “fate” *Before the corrected 3rd printing: dat. pi. of χώρα, χώρας, f., “country”— same as 5.

UNIT SIX I.

1. τούς φό βους 2. του στρατηγού

3. τοΐς τρόποις 4. οί φθόνοι

5. των πόνων 6 . τον ύπνον


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7. τώ οπ λίτη 8 . το ΰώρον 9. των ημερών 10. οί π ολΐτα ι 11. τους άνεμους 12. τής τιμής

13. ταϊς τραπέζαις 14. οί δικασταί 15. τών θυρών 16. τον ποιητήν 17. τώ θεώι 18. ή αρχή ι

(19) τών μέτρων 20 . οί ίπ π ο ι / αί Ίπποι 21 . τάς ψήφους 22 . τα ΐς όδοϊ?

II. τά β ι β λ ί α

ή νόσος

ο ίν α ύ τα ι

το β ιβ λ ίο ν

τής νόσου

τω ν ναυτώ ν

του β ιβ λ ίο υ

τώ ν β ιβ λ ίω ν

τ ή νόσω

τοΐς να ύτα ις

τώ β ιβ λ ίω

τοΐς β ιβ λ ί ο ι ς

τη ν νόσον

τουςναύτας

το β ιβ λ ίο ν

τα β ιβ λ ία

{νόσε)

( ν α ϋ τ α ι)

(β ιβ λίο ν)

(β ιβ λία )

III. 1. away from the sea 2 . with the hoplites 3. against the soldiers 4. in pursuit of the children 5. in the marketplace 6 . from the jurymen 7. as a result of the friendship 8. from the general, from the general’s presence or side 9. on account of envy IV. 1. διά τον πόνον 2. παρά τοΐς παώίοις 3. προς (έπ'ι) ταϊς θύραις 4. παρά (προς, άπ ο ) του στρατηγού 5. μετά τον στρατιώτην 6 . προς (εις, έπ'ι) τήν θάλατταν 7. μετά τών θεών / παρά (έν) τοΐς θεοΐς

10. in addition to the gifts 11. toward the sun 12. out of the land 13. with the jurymen 14. in the river 15. into the road 16. upon the tables 17. alongside the road 18. in addition to the gifts

8. προς τάς Μοίρας 9. προς (έπ'ι) τή τραπέζη 10. έπ'ι του (τής) ίπ π ο υ / έφ' ’ί ππου* 11. παρά λό γο ν * 12. έκ τής χώρας 13. διά τής φωνής 14. συν φόβω , μετά φ ό β ο υ

*In common and inherited phrases such as this, the article is often omitted, because the idiomatic phrase originated when the article had not yet estab lished itself as such (cf. air' apyn]s = from the beginning).

7

UNITS SIX-SEVEN

UNIT SEVEN I.

1. (rot?) αίσχροΐς εργοις 2 . τήν χα λ επ ή ν συμφοράν 3. οι πονηροί 4. μέτρου δήλου 5. τώ φ ιλ ίω άγγελο)

6 . τους π λουσίους κριτάς 7. ποταμού καλοί) 8 . αγαθή μοίρα 9. των Ιερών οδών 10. τον δίκαιον τρόπον

II. 1. (a) with regard to the just account; (b) δίκαιον is acc. sing. masc. of δίκαιος, -a, -ov, (c) attributive modifying λόγον. 2. (a) The children are small, (b) μικρά is nom. pi. neuter of μικρός, -ά, -όν, (c) predicative modifying παιδία. 3. (a) through the large doors; (b) μακρών is gen. pi. fem. of μακρός, -ά, -όν, (c) attributive modifying θυρών. 4. (a) The just man is worthy of the office, (b) δίκαιος is nom. sing. masc. of δίκαιος , -a, -ov; (c) used as a substantive; (b) άξιος is nom. sing. masc. of άξιος, -a, -ον; (c) predicative modifying δίκαιος. 5. (a) with the noble (handsome, beautiful) gods (goddesses); (b) κα λώ ν is gen. pi. masc. or fem. (depending on what the gender of θεών is taken to be) of καλός, -ή, -όν, (c) attributive modifying θεών. 6 . (a) The road along the river is difficult, (b) χ α λ ε π ή is nom. sing. fem. of χαλεπό?, -ή, -όν, (c) predicative modifying οδό?. 7. (a) Wicked men are deserving of sufferings, (b) άξιοι is nom. pi. masc. of άξιος, -a, -ov; (c) predicative modifying πονηροί; (b) κακών is gen. pi. neuter of κακός, -ή, -όν; (c) used as a substantive; (b) πονηροί is nom. pi. masc. o f πονηρός, -ά, -όν; (c) used as a substantive. 8. (a) into the tent of the general; (b) (c) no adjective form to identify. 9. (a) The young m an’s envy is not small, (b) μικρός is nom. sing. masc. of μικρός, -ά, -όν; (c) predicative modifying φθόνος. 10. (a) toward (against) the enemy army; (b) π ο λ ε μ ία ν is acc. sing. fem. of πολέμιος, -a, -ov; (c) attributive modifying στρατιάν. 11. (a) together with the good (brave) men; (b) άγαθοΐς is dat. pi. masc. of άγαθός, -ή, -όν; (c) attributive modifying άνθρωποις. 12. (a) on account of the shamefulness (ugliness); (b) αισχρόν is acc. sing, neuter of αισχρός, -ά, ~όν; (c) used as a substantive. 13. (a) Wise is the judgment of the generals on horseback, (b) σο φ ή is nom. sing. fem. of σοφός, -ή, -όν; (c) predicative modifying γνώμη. 14. (a) The fate from the gods (goddesses) is clear, (b) δήλη is nom. sing. fem. of δήλος, -η, -ov; (c) predicative modifying μοίρα. 15. (a) The people by the sea are hostile, (b) π ο λ έ μ ιο ι is nom. pi. masc. of πολέμιος, -a, -ov; (c) predicative modifying οί προς τή θαλάττη.


8

16. (a) The books of the umpires are sacred, (b) Upa is nom. pi. neuter of iepos\ -a, -ov; (c) predicative modifying fiifikia. III. 1. ¿7n της μικρας γέφυρας 2. διά την των πεζών αρετήν 3. προς τοις ιεροΐς β ι β λ ί ο ι ς

4. διά του μακροΰ β ίο ν 5. σ υν rots μικροί? παιδίοις τοΐς τοβ α γ γ έ λ ο υ / μετά των μικρών παιδιών τών του αγγέλου

6. η του ποιητοϋ φ υ γ η αισχρά. 7. τιμή? άζια τά τών σοφ ώ ν έργα. 8 . τά αγαθά β ι β λ ί α φ ίλ ο ι άξιοι. 9. ο£ εν τ9ι σκηνγί στρατιώται καλοί. 10. αισχρός ό τών νεανιών φθόνος.

UNIT EIGHT I.

I. 7TtLQovGiiv) 2 . 7r€/A7rei 3. Aiyere 4. apxovcri(v) 5. £77itpe7rco 6 . e'xeis 7 . p.€VO/J.€V

8. \v c i 9. ayei / <^>epei 10. AeiVeis II. 1. you (s.) are driving / marching 2 . we bear 3 .1 write 4. he/she/it receives 5. they remain 6 . you (s.) have 7 .1 urge/persuade 8 . we are fleeing 9. he/she/it sends 10. we lead 11. 1 do not have 12. they are in exile 13. you (s.) release

11. e£?e'A.oo 12. kQiXovativ) 13. k\avvop.cv 14. ypacpei 15. a yo va i(v) 16. €7rirpe77eTe 17. aTtodvfjcrKWi 18. ov Ttudu 1 9 . 7re'ju7rco 20 . \iyop.t.v

14. he/she/it bears 15. we entrust 16. you (pi.) do not send 17. they are leaving 1 8 .1 receive 19. you (s.) rule 20 . he/she/it says 21 . we release 22 . 1 do not remain 23. you (pi.) are willing 24. they have

21 . άρχετε 22 . επιτρέπει 23. εχει 24. ού λα μ βά νω 25. λείπ ονσ ι(ν) 26. λείπ ει 27 . ελαύνετε 28. φ εύγεις 29. ού φέρομεν 30. λ έ γ ε ι

25 you (pi.) are driving / marching 2 6 .1 abandon 27. we begin 28. they are willing 29. you (pi.) hold office 30. you (s.) say 31. he/she/it is abandoning 32. you (pi.) entrust 33. you (s.) remain 34. he/she/it is driving / marching

9

UNITS SEVEN-EIGHT

35. they are dying 3 6 .1 lead 37. we have

38. he/she/it is not leading 39. you do not receive

40. you (s.) bear

III. 1. (a) The gods do not persuade the Fates, (b) Μ οίραν is acc. pi. of μοίρα, μοίρας, f.; it is acc. because it is the direct object of πείθουσιν. 2. (a) Wise men tell the truth, (b) αλήθειαν is acc. sing, of αλήθεια, αλήθειας, f.; it is acc. because it is the direct dbject of λέγο υσ ιν. 3. (a) The goddess is driving the foot-soldiers out of the shrine, (b) πεζούς is acc. pi. masc. of πεζός, -ή, -όν used as a substantive; it is acc. because it is the direct object o f ελαύνει. 4. (a) Because of the good deed the judge releases the bad man. (b) λύει is 3rd sing, present act. indicative of λύω. 5. (a) Mankind has its sufferings from the gods, (b) θεών is gen. pi. of θεός, θεού, m.; it is genitive because it is the object of the preposition παρά used in a sense requiring the genitive case.* 6 . (a) The young men are bringing the gifts for/to the worthy people, (b) άζίοις is dat. pi. masc. of άξιος, -a, -ov used as a substantive; it is dative because it is the indirect object of φερουσιν. 7. (a) The citizens are writing the laws with wise judgment, (b) σοφής is gen. sing. fem. of σοφός, -ή, -όν. 8 . (a) The enemy are abandoning the soldiers’ horses beside the bridge, (b) ίπ πους is acc. pi. of ϊππος, -ov, m.; it is acc. because it is the direct object of λείπουσι. 9. (a) The messengers are telling the misfortunes of the army to the citizens (who are) in the marketplace, (b) αγορά is dat. sing, of αγορά, -ας, f.; it is dative because it is the object of the preposition εν; π ο λ ίτ α ις is dat. pi. of πολίτης, -ου, m.; it is dative because it is the indirect object of λέγο υσ ιν. *In a particular context, θεών could be “goddesses” from θεά; but in a generic statement without context the generic m asculine would be idiom atically assumed. IV. 1. οι Ιπποι διά την νόσον άποθνήσκουσι(ν). 2 . οί κακοί (πονηροί ) τούς δι καστάς ου πείθουσι(ν). 3. ό στρατηγός τούς στρατιώτας προς τήν θάλατταν άγει. 4. τοΐς δικασταϊς τούς νόμους οι π ολΐται έπιτρέπουσι(ν). 5. ούκ άγετε τά τού ποιητού παώ ία εκ τής μακράς σκηνής.

10


UNIT NINE I. 1. ά γ α ν 2. κελεύετε 3. ου β λ ά π τ ο μ ε ν 4. τάττειν

5. έκ τού λ έ γ ε ιν 6. κόπτουσι(ν) 7. λ ύ ί ΐ ν 8 . πείθειν 4

9. άρχει 10. ελαύνω

II. 1. You (pi.) are urging the army to remain. 2. The sailor orders the soldiers to abandon their horses (mares). 3. He/she is willing to entrust the difficult tasks to the handsome young men. 4 .1 do not wish to die in the sea. 5. You (s.) are ordering the hoplites not to harm the rich citizens.* 6 . The god is unwilling to strike the goddess. 7. It seems best to the wise to speak the truth.** 8 . It is necessary (one ought, we ought) to drive the impious ones away from the tent of the children.^ 9. The allies are commanding the foreigners to take the marketplace. 10. The immortals urge human beings not sosay impious things. 11. Because of the fact that the enemy are remaining in the country the citizens are fleeing. 12. It is easy for good men to write laws.§ 13. It is necessary for the sailors to await a fair wind. (The sailors must await a fair wind.) 14. It is possible for the generals to harm the enemy. *This could also mean: “You are ordering the rich citizens not to harm the hoplites.” There is no way to decide which meaning is preferable except by the context, and in the absence of context, as here, by general verisimilitude. **Not impossible: “It seems best to speak the truth to the wise.” tN o t impossible: “It is necessary for the impious ones to march/ride away from the children’s tent.” §Not impossible: “It is easy to write laws for good people.” III. 1. μετά των φ ίλ ω ν ράδιον κακά φέρειν. 2. ό της πολέμιας στρατιάς στρατηγός τούς ό π λίτας τάττει. 3. ό ποιητης τούς πολίτας την μοίραν τοΐς θεοΐς επιτρεπειν πείθει. 4. τοΐς άθανάτοις θεοΐς ούκ εζεσ τι φθόνον εχειν. 5. εζεστι τω πονηρω (κακω) μη κακήν δόζαν '¿χαν (κακήν δόξαν μη e\eiv). 6 . ου σοφόν την ύ γ ίίΐα ν β λ ά π τ ζ ιν . 7. διά τον π λο ύτον ε£εστ ι τοΐς πλουσίοις τα χαλεπά (<ίργα) φεύγειν.

UNITS NINE-TEN

11

8 . τον ποιητήν χρή κακά λ έ γ ε ιν μή έθέλειν. 9. προς τη τιμτ) το ά ρ χ α ν {τον) φθόνον φέρει.

UNIT TEN I. 1. They are immortal. 2. You (pi. [masc. or general]) are not brave/good. 3. It is unjust. 4 .1 am a friend. 5. It is clear. II. 1. άζιόν έστι(ν). 2. αϊτιοί ά σ ιν οί 'Αθηναίοι. / οί 'Αθηναίοι αϊτιοί ά σ ιν . / οί 'Αθηναίοι ε'ισιν αίτιοι. / αίτιοι οί 'Αθηναίοι ά σ ιν . 3. ή μάχη έστι μακρά. / ή μάχη μακρά έστι. / μακρά έστιν ή μάχη. / μακρά ή μάχη έστίν. 4. αθάνατοίέσμεν. 5. ναύτης εΐμι.

6 . όσιοί €ΐ. / όσια εί. / ει όσιο?. / ει όσια.

6 . Yoy (s. [masc.]) are wicked. 7. We are not wise. 8. She is wise. 9. It is difficult. 10. You (pi. [fem.]) are pious.

7. άδικοί εστε. 8. ή έπιορκία ού δίκαια έστίν. / ούκ 'έστι δίκαια ή έπιορκία. / ή έπιορκία έστιν ού δίκαια. / ού δίκαια ή έπιορκία έστίν / ού δίκαια έστίν ή έπιορκία. / ή έπιορκία ούκ 'έστι δικαία.

9. αιτία έστίν. 10. μικρά έστιν ή ψ ή φ ο ς ./ ή ψ ήφ ός έστι μικρά. / μικρά ή ψ ή φ ό ς έστιν. / ή ψ ήφ ος μικρά έστιν.

III. 1. (a) The majority of the citizens are just, (b) genitive, partitive 2. (a) For (in the eyes of) the wicked man the laws are not fine, (b) dative of reference 3. (a) The desire for wealth persuades hum an beings to suffer evils, (b) genitive, objective 4. (a) On the following day they write a peace-treaty. (b) dative of time when 5. (a) The immortals are responsible for good things for mankind, (b) genitive, objective with airio? 6 . (a) The victory belongs to the Athenians, (b) genitive of possession 7. (a) The impious men are pelting the shrine with stones, (b) dative of means (instrument) 8 . (a) There is no need to mention the enem y’s fear, (b) genitive, subjective

12


9. (a) Beauty exists. / The beautiful exists. / There is such a thing as the

beautiful, (b) nominative, subject 10. (a) In the previous battle most of the hoplites do not flee, (b) nominative, subject IV. 1. χαλεποί? πόνοις οι σύμμαχοι την αγοράν λαμ βά νουσιν. 2 . χρη (δει) τους ανθρώπους (τα) δίκαια πραττειν. 3. μετά την μάχην οι στρατιώται εις την τών 'Αθηναίων χώραν φ εύγουσ ιν. 4. ή επ ιθυμ ία της ειρήνης τους π ο λ ίτ α ς π είθει μη β λ ά π τ ε ι ν τους τών π ολεμίω ν αγγέλους. 5. οι δικασται τά π λ ε ΐσ τ α τών αδίκων έργων εΰρίσκουσιν. 6 . τών σοφών εστι τάς καλάς ήδονάς εΰρίσκειν. 7. τους π ολίτας ανάγκη (δει, χρη) π ά σ χ ε ιν διά τον προς τους βαρ β άρ ους πόλεμον. 8 . τώ άγαθώ ου πρέπει άδίκω είναι. 9. τοϊς π λείστο ις ή ηδονη ούκ. εστι το μετρον της αρετής.

UNIT ELEVEN I.

1. 1 ρ pres act ind of σπεύδω, we are pouring libations 2 . 2 s pres m/p ind of μάχομαι, you (s.) are fighting 3 . 1 s pres m/p ind of κ όπτω , I am beating m yself [i.e., in mourning]/ I am being beaten 4. 3 p pres m/p ind of γράφω , they are indicting 5. 2 s pres act ind of λαμ βά νω , you (s.) are taking 6 . 3 s pres m/p ind of γίγνο μ α ι, s/he is being bom, it is happening 7. pres act inf of πράττω, to do 8. 1 s pres m/p ind of β ο υ λ ε ΰ ω , I am deliberating 9. 3 p pres m/p ind of έρχομαι, they are going 10. 2 s pres m/p ind of έχω, you (s.) cling to / you (s.) are being held 1 1 .3 s pres m/p ind of λέγω , it is being said, it is said 12. 2 p pres m/p ind of οϊομαι, you (pi.) believe 13. 2 p pres act ind of π άσχω , you (pi.) suffer 14. 3 p pres act ind of ειμί, they are 15. pres m/p inf of π ο λιτενω , to participate in politics 16. 3 s pres m/p ind of β ο ύ λ ο μ α ι, s/he wants 17. 3 p pres act ind of δικάζω, they serve as jurors 18. 1 p pres m/p ind of σπενδω, we are making a truce 19. 3 s pres act ind of άποκτείνω, s/he is killing 20 . 2 s pres m/p ind of αισθάνομαι, you (s.) perceive

UNITS TEN-ELEVEN

13

21. 3 p pres m/p ind of φέρω, they are being carried 22 . 2 p pres act ind of β λ ά π τ ω , you ( p i.) are harming 23. 3 s pres m/p ind of β ά λ λ ω , it is being thrown, s/he is being pelted 24. 2 s pres m/p ind of άγω, you (s.) are being led 25. 2 p pres m/p ind of παρακελεύομαι, you (pi.) are exhorting 26. 3 p pres m/p ind of πννθάνομ at, they are inquiring 27. 3 s pres m/p ind of δικάζω, s/he pleads a case 28. 1 p pres act ind of άκούω, we hear 29. 3 s pres m/p ind of λείπω , s/he (it) is being left 30. 3 p pres m/p ind of γίγνομ α ι, they are becoming II. 1. ερχόμεθα 2 . δικάζει 3. εχεσθε 4. β ο ύ λ ο ντα ι 5. παρασκενάζβ 6 . δικάζεται 7. σπενδουσι{ν) 8 . βονλεύεσθ ε 9. παρακελεύτ] 10. πυνθαυόμεθα 11. λύεται

12. πυνθάνονται / άκούουσι(ν) 1 3 . τάττεσθε 14. γυμνάζεσθαι 15. πολιτεύομαι 16. μάχονται 17. ohι 18. άγεται 19. γραφόμεθα 20 . γίγνο ν τα ι 21 . άρχόμεθα

22 . πυνθάνεσθαι 23. ούκ εθέλω 24. παρασκευάζειν 25. οϊεται 26. εσμεν 27. είναι 28. κόπτεται 29. φέρεσθαι / άγεσθαι

3 0 . ευρίσκετε

III. 1. In the war against the foreigners (Persians) the Athenians are fighting against brave enemies. 2. Generals must deliberate. 3. They command the hoplites to position themselves (be positioned) along side the river. 4. Most of the soldiers are unwilling to flee. 5. By means of difficult toils victory comes about for the Athenians. / By means of difficult toils the Athenians get a victory. 6 . They make a truce on the following day. 7. One must cling to one’s honor. 8 . You are not being harmed by the enemy. 9. It is not possible for (the) children to pour libations to the gods. 10. The sailors are being driven by the winds toward the land of the foreigners.

14


UNIT TWELVE I. 1. in front of the tents 2 . under the power (control) of the impious master 3. in accordance with the judgifient of the judge 4. concerning the honor of the Athenians 5. on behalf of the friends 6 . under the power (control) of the enemy

7. (up) along the road 8 . throughout the previous day 9. in return for the toils 10. across (over) the sea 11. under (into) the tent 12. around the marketplace 13. against the umpires 14. before the battle 15. instead of wealth 16. about (over) victory

II. 1. The wise fare well, the bad do not. 2. We want to have not war but peace. 3. The citizens pour libations to the gods who fight on behalf of the country. For they are responsible for (its/their) faring well. 4. The land across the river into which the children are going is beautiful. 5. By both the Athenians and their allies the foreigners are now justly being harmed. 6 . To do just things is difficult for most people, but easy for the wise. 7. S/he exhorts the citizens to be pious both now and in the future. 8 . Good men always want to have honor instead of wealth. III. Ι.σοφ ώ ?, αίσχρώς, κακώς, ραδίως, αδίκως 2 . ύπερ των συμμάχων / προ των συμμάχων 3. κατά τους των βαρ β άρ ω ν νόμους 4. περί. τής δημοκρατίας / περί την δημοκρατίαν 5. οί ό π λ ϊτ α ι οίς τα παιδία έπ ιτ ρ έπ ο μ εν καί δίκαιοί ε ί σι και δσιοι (και δίκαιοι και όσιοι). 6 . ό μεν την αλήθειαν λέγει, 6 δέ ου. 7. άνά τον ποταμόν χ α λ ε π ώ ς έρχονται οί ν α ύ τ α ν λίθοις ya p υπό των πολεμ ίω ν β ά λ λ ο ν τ α ι. 8 . αί 'ίπποι περι ών λέ γε τ ε ού των π ολιτώ ν είσιν α λ λ ά τών θεών. 9. άε'ι χρή μάλα σοφώς β ουλεΰεσθ αι ύπερ τών πολιτώ ν. 10. ού ράδιον (ού ράδιόν έστι) χ α λ ε π ω νόμω πείθεσθαι.

UNITS TWELVE-THIRTEEN

15

UNIT THIRTEEN

1. δοκοϋμεν 2 . φοβού ντα ι 3. ωφελείς 4. άφικνεΐται 5. φ ιλ εΐ 6 . κρατώ 7. οίκεΐται 8. βονλόμ εθα

12. φοβοϋσ-ι(ν) 13. ποιείται 14. δοκεΐν 15. ώφελούμεθα 16. κ^λεύουσι(ν) 17. φ ιλ ώ 18. β λ ά π τ ε σ θ α ι ,

9. νοσούσι{ν) 10. σπένδεσθε 11. φοβεϊσθαι

19. yiyvrj 20 . αίρεϊτε 21 . αδικείται

άδικεισθαι

22. άγονται

23. άφικνοΰνται 24. δεΐσθαι 25. ποιονμεν 26. γράφτι 27. aipfj 28. δοκεΐ 29. ωφελώ 30. φοβούμεθα

II. 2 p pres act ind of νοσεω 1. you (pi.) are ill 3 p pres m/p ind of δέομαι 2 . they ask for pres act inf of δοκεω 3. to seem 4 . 1 am liked 1 s pres m/p ind of φιλεω 1 p pres act ind of αίρέω 5. we seize 3 s pres act ind of ώφελεω 6 . s/he (it) helps pres m/p inf of άφικνεομαι 7. to arrive 2 s pres m/p ind of κρατεω 8 . you (s.) are being conquered 9. they seem 3 p pres act ind of δοκεω 1 s pres act ind of οϊκίω 10.1 dwell 2 p pres m/p ind of άδικεω 11. you (pi.) are being wronged 12. s/he arrives 3 s pres m/p ind of άφικνεομαι pres act inf of φοβεω 13. to terrify 2 s pres act ind of ποιεω 14. you (s.) make 15. we are afraid 1 p pres m/p ind of φ οβεω 16. s/he inquires 3 s pres m/p ind of πνυθάνομαι 2 s pres act ind of ακούω 17. you (s.) hear 18. you (s.) find for yourself, you (s.) are being discovered 2 s pres m/p ind of eiipicrKco 19. to do wrong pres act inf of άδικεω 20 . it is necessary 3 s pres act ind of δεω 21 . they conquer 3 p pres act ind of κρατεω 22 . they are being inhabited 3 p pres m/p ind of οικεω 23. we choose, we are being seized 1 p pres m/p ind of αίρέω 24. you (pi.) love 2 p pres act ind of φιλεω 25. you (s.) engage in politics 2 s pres m/p ind of πολιτεύω 26. you (pi.) rule 2 p pres act ind of άρχω

16


27. it is being made; s/he makes for her/himself 3 s pres m/p ind of 7roieco 28. you (s.) seem 2 s pres act ind of δοκεω 2 9 .1 am being aided 1 s pres m/p ind of ώφελέω 30. we are becoming 1 p pres m/p ind of γίγνο μ α ι III. 1. τούσδε τούς αγαθούς

6 . εκείνη ή κακή δόζα 7. τούτους (τούσδε) τούς

'Αθηναίους

2 . εκείνω τώ πονηρώ συμμαχώ 3. ήδε (αίίτη) ή καλή νίκη

8 . τανττ] (ττ)δε) τή π ολέμια

4. τούτων (τώνδε) των χα λεπ ώ ν πόνων 5. εκείνα τα φ ίλ α παιδία

στρατιά 9. εκείνων των κακών συμφορών 10. εκείνο το σοφόν εργον

πλουσίους

IV. 1. The foreigners whom those men are conquering dwell by the sea. 2. These women terrify the children, those are afraid of them. 3. On this day it seems best to the citizens to make peace with the enemy, for most of the soldiers are sick. 4. Those people do wrong to the good but help the bad. 5. The wise general has need of the following, I suppose: deliberating well before the battle and faring well in the battle. 6 . This man easily wins honor for himself; so just and wise does he seem to the citizens because of the fine laws that he writes. V. 1. αϋτη ή χώρα υπό τε τών βαρβάρω ν καί υπό τών 'Αθηναίων οίκεϊται. 2 . διά τήν προτέραν ειρήνην ούκ εζεσ τι τώ στρατηγώ τούς εν τω τής θεάς ίερώ ωφελεΐν.

3. οί κακοί τών π λ ε ίσ τ ω ν ά ρ χ ο υ σ ι ν

άει γάρ οί άγαθοι άρχειν ούκ εθελουσιν. 4. εκ του άδικεΐν α λ λ ά άγαθός δοκεϊν (είναι), ό άδικος τον π λο ύ τ ο ν και τήν τιμήν φέρεται. 5. τών νεανιών οί μεν νυν άφικνοΰνται, οί δε ήδη γυμνάζονται.

UNIT FOURTEEN 1. Ι.χ ά ρ ι 2 . γέρουσι(ν) 3. ϋδωρ

4. ποιημάτων 5. λέοντες 6 . όδόντι

7. ελπίδες 8. φ ά λ α γ γ ο ς 9. ορνίθι

UNITS THIRTEEN-FIFTEEN

10. έριδας 11. γιγά ντ ω ν 12. κλώ7res 13. πράγμα 14. Έ λ λ ά δι 15. φ ύ λ αζι{ν) 16. άσπίδος

17

17. πατρίδας 18. τέρατα 19. γράμμα 20 . β ο υλευμάτω ν 21 . θώρακι 22 . δρνιν 23. γ ίγ α ν

II. 1. gen. pl. of θώραξ, θώραχος, f. 2 . dat. pl. of λεωι>, λέοντος, m. 3. dat. sing, of φως, φωτός, η. 4. acc. pl. of οδούς, όδόντος, m. 5. nom./acc./voc. pl. of βούλευμα, β ουλεύματος, η. 6 . gen. sing, of φ ά λ α γ ξ , φ ά λ α γγο ς, f. 7. nom./voc. pl. of ελπίς, έλπίδος, f. 8 . acc. sing, of όρνις, όρνιθος, m./f. 9. dat. sing, of φ ύ λ α ζ , φύλακος, m. 10. gen. sing, of ερις, εριδος, f. 11. nom. sing, of πατρίς, πατρίδας, f. 12. dat. pl. of άσπίς, άσπίδος, f.

24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

γράμμασι{ν)

φώ? ύδάτων όρνιθες χάριτι φύλακες τέρατος

13. nom./voc. pl. of κλώψ, κλωπός, m. 14. dat. pl. of ποίημα, ποιήματος, η. 15. nom./acc./voc. sing, of πράγμα, πράγματος, η. 16. acc. sing, of χάρις, χάριτος, f. 17. acc. sing. ο ίΈ λ λ ά ? , Έ λλάδο?, f. 18. dat. pl. of φ ά λ α γ ξ , φ ά λ α γγο ς, f. 19. gen. pl. of ύδωρ, ϋδατος, η. 20 . acc. pl. of γίγας, γίγαντος, m. 21 . gen. pl. of γέρων, γέροντος, m. 22 . dat. pl. of οδού?, όδόντος, m. 23. gen. sing, of φως, φωτός, η. 24. dat. sing, of ϋδωρ, ϋδατο?, η.

III. 1. Because of the good omens we are not afraid of the war against those people. 2. It is bad to abandon one’s shield, but good to save one’s life. 3. After this [lit. these things] the old men carry water to the young men who are fighting on behalf of the fatherland. 4. The sentinels whom the enemy capture are put to death. 5. Heracles must defeat both the lion in Nemea and the giants and the monsters throughout Greece. UNIT FIFTEEN I.

1. dat. sing, of ετος, έτους, η.

2 . gen. sing, of Σωκράτης, Σωκράτους, m.

18

3. nom./acc./voc. pl. of τείχος, τείχους, η. 4. gen. sing, of πατήρ, πατρός, m. 5. dat. sing, o f 'Έ λ λ η ^ , 'Έ λ λ η ν ο ς , m. 6 . gen. pl. of δαίμων, δαίμονος, m./f. 7. dat. pl. of ρήτωρ, ρήτορος, m. 8 . acc. pl. of μήτηρ, μητρός, f. 9. voc. sing, of θυγάτηρ, θυγατρό ?, f. 10. nom./acc./vo£. pl. of κράτος, κράτους, η. 11. gen. pl. of μέρος, μέρους, η. 12. dat. sing, of γήρας, γήρως, η. 13. dat. pl. of τριήρης, τριήρους, f. 14. dat. sing, of άνήρ, άνδρός, m. 15. acc. sing, of άλ?, άλός, m./f. 16. acc. sing, of άγων, άγώνος, m. 17. voc. sing, of Δημοσθένης, Αημοσθένους, m. 18. nom./acc./voc. pl. of γέρας, γέρως, η. II. 1. τ ί μέρος; / τίς μοίρα; 2 . τοΐ? άδικοι? ρήτροσι(ν) 3. τάς πλείστας των τριήρων 4. τίνων 'Έ*λλήνων; 5. γέρως μικρού 6 . κακήν εριν 7. μακροϊ όδόντες 8 . κατά (ύπό) εκείνο το ετος

Answer Key to Introduction to Attic Greek 19. gen. sing, of nxkrjQo'i, irkriöovs, n. 20 . nom./acc./voc. sing, of tcAo?, reAou?, n. 21 . gen. pl. masc./fem./neuter of Tl?, TL 22 . acc. pl. of ävijp, avbpos, m. 23. voc. sing, of iraTr/p, iraTpös, m. 24. acc. sing, of Tpirjprjs, Tpnjpovs, f. 25. gen. sing, of yfjpas, yqpujs, n. 26. acc. sing, masc./fem. or nom./acc. pl. neuter of u s , tl 27. dat. sing, of KpaTos, KpaTovs, n. 28. nom./voc. pl. of haip.u>v, baijAovos, m./f. 29. dat. pl. of ayw v, a yu vo s, m. 30. dat. pl. masc./fem./neuter of Tl?, TL

9. τω σοφώ βο υλ εΰμ α τ ι 10. τίνες ελπίδες; 11. τοϋδε (τ ο ύτου)του πλήθους 12. μετά τον άγώνα 13. τίσι μητράσι(ν); 14. προς το τείχος εκείνο 15. σύν τω άνδρί / μετά του άνδρός

III. 1. Who is the speaker? Demosthenes, who urges the multitude to entrust the triremes to the rich and to pay in taxes. 2. What should one do? For some of the Greeks are afraid to fight in the land of the Persians, and others are unw illing to obey the general o f the Athenians. 3. The father and the mother love their daughter and are loved by her. 4. Which contest are the umpires preparing? W hich young men are winning prizes?

UNITS FIFTEEN-SIXTEEN

19

5. It is impious not to have (feel) gratitude for the good deeds which those men are doing on behalf of the democracy. IV. 1. oi άνδρες θώρακας καί ασπίδας εχουσιν, ά λ λ ' ούκ αγαθοί είσιν. 2 . το δίκαιον είναι καί το τη ν αλήθειαν λ ε γ ε ι ν μέρη της αρετής τώ των ' ανθρώπων γένει.

3. τόδε (τοΰτο) το ετος άρχή εστι π ολέμ ου μακροΰ καί χαλεπού. 4. το τέλος τής δίκης μ έ ν ο μ ε ν ο γαρ κ λώ ψ του τούς πολίτας μή ευ (καλώς)

7τράττειν αίτιός εστι. 5. από εκείνων τών τειχώ ν ή τού Σωκράτους μήτηρ την φ ω νήν τήν τού εν τη αγορά ρήτορος ακούει.

UNIT SIXTEEN I.

1. you (pi.) were being asked, you (pl.) were asking for yourself 2 p im pf m/p ind of αίτέω 2 . s/he (it) was leading away 3 s impf act ind of απάγω 3. you (s.) hold off (are distant) 2 s pres act ind of απέχω 4. they were praising 3 p impf act ind of έπαινέω / I was praising 1 s im pf act ind of έπαινέω 5. to desire pres act inf of έπιθυμέω 6. we were seeking 1 p im pf act ind of ζητέω 7. they were leading, they believed 3 p impf m/p ind of ήγέομαι 8. s/he (it) was being prevented 3 s im pf m/p ind of κωλύω 9. s/he (it) was 3 s impf act ind of είμί / I was 1 s im pf act ind of είμί 10. to be led astray pres m/p inf of παράγω 11. s/he (it) provided 3 s impf act ind of παρέχω 12. we were turning 1 p impf act ind of τρέπω 13. they are leading, they believe 3 p pres m/p ind of ήγέομαι 14. you (s.) were on your guard, you were being guarded 2 s impf m/p ind of φυλάττω 15. you (pi.) were doing wrong 2 p impf act ind of άδικέω 16 .1 was perceiving 1 s impf m/p ind of αισθάνομαι 17. you (s.) are becoming 2 s pres m/p ind of γίγνο μ α ι 18. it was necessary 3 s impf act ind of δει (δέω) 19. they seemed 3 p impf act ind of δοκέω / I seemed 1 s impf act ind of δοκέω 20 . it was being inhabited/managed 3 s impf m/p ind of οικέω 21.1 was exhorting 1 s impf m/p ind of παρακελεύομαι

20


22 . they are learning by inquiry 3 p pres m/p ind of 7rvvQa.vop.a1 23. you (s.) were pouring a libation 2 s impf act ind of airevha) 24. s/he was fleeing 3 s impf act ind of (peoyoo 2 5 .1 was afraid 1 s impf m/p ind of (j>oj3eca 26. it was being accomplished, s/he was accomplishing for her/himself 3 s impf m/p ind of irpaTTui 27. they were 3 p impf act ind of ειμί 28. we were being arranged 1 p impf m/p ind of τάττω 29. you (pi.) were being helped 2 p impf m/p ind of ώφελέω / you (pi.) are being helped 2 p pres m/p ind of ώφελέω 30. it is being carried, s/he is winning 3 s pres m/p ind of φέρω 31. they were entrusting 3 p impf act ind of επιτρέπω / I was entrusting 1 s impf act ind of επιτρέπω 3 2 .1 am being made, I am making for m yself 1 s pres m/p ind of ποιέω 33. s/he was seeking 3 s impf act ind of ζητέω 34. to be prevented pres m/p inf of κωλύω 35. they were being arrested 3 p impf m/p ind of άπάγω ' 36. it was happening, s/he was becoming 3 s impf m/p ind of γίγνο μ α ι 37. to be asked, to ask for oneself pres m/p inf of αΐτέω 38. we wanted 1 p im pf m/p ind of βο ύ λ ο μ α ι 39. they were ill 3 p impf act ind of νοσέω / I was ill 1 s impf act ind of νοσέω 40. you (s.) were inquiring 2 s impf m/p ind of πυνθάνομαι 41. you (s.) supposed 2 s impf m/p ind of οϊομαι 42. we were taking 1 p impf act ind of λαμ βά νω II. 1. e (pepeTO

2 . etyofiovpeOa

3. iAei(T$ai 4. wcfreAovv 5. tn a a y o v 6 . epia)(ov 7. eXavveiv 8 . rjTe / ?7
11. ήγεΐσθε 12. παρήγοντο 13. ζητούμεν 14. -βσθάνετο 15. έπυνθανόμην 16. έδοκουμεν 17. ποιείται 18. ελεγε(ν) 19. ελείπ ετε 20 . ώου

21 . εμενον 22 . επεθύμουν 23. εκώλνον 24. παρέχεσθαι 25. φυλάτττ] 26. απέχει 27. έγράφετο 28. έβ λ ά π τ ο μ εν 29. ακούεται 30. ηνρισκες

III. 1. In this place the noble and good m en were unwilling to harm their fatherland and seize wealth, but they wanted not to be harmed by the bad men. But at that time it was possible for the bad men, who were always longing for office and wealth, to control this country. For they put the

UNITS SIXTEEN-SEVENTEEN

21

generals to death, and they lead the orators off to the shrine and guard them there. Then they were preventing the multitude from deliberating concern ing the affairs. 2. These terrible things the daughters of Demosthenes hear from the old man and immediately they kept asking the young men to lead them out of that country, in which were wild beasts and harmful birds [or “harmful animals and birds”]. 3. Then Pausanias encourged the Athenians to send heralds concerning peace; and they (the Athenians) heeded him. 4. (cf. Xen. Anab. 2.5.31-32) When they were at the doors of Tissaphernes, the generals go into the tent, while the soldiers were waiting at the doors. And after a short time (after no long time) the former were being seized and the latter were being cut down. Then the foreigners were riding across the plain and killing the Greeks.

UNIT SEVENTEEN I.

1. ήγεμόσι τισί(ν) 2 . θυγατρός τίνος(του) 3. "Έλληνες τινες 4. σοφόν τινα στρατιώτην / σοφόν στρατιώτην τινά / στρατιώτην τινα σοφόν / στρατιώτην σοφόν τινα 5. κράτος μικρόν τι / κράτος τι μικρόν / μικρόν τι κράτος / μικρόν κράτος τι 6. διά τινα των ευχών / διά τών ευχών τινα

7. άντϊ π λ η γή ς τίνος (του) / αντί τίνος π λ η γή ς

8. προς στενή τινι (τω) όδώ / προς όδώ τινι (τω) στενή 9. τών οπ λιτώ ν τινας 10. παρά διδασκάλω τινι (τω) / παρά τινι (τω) διδασκάλω 11. συν θεαΐς τισι(ν) / συν τισι θεαΐς / μετά τινων θεών / μετά θεών τινων 12. εν τινι (τω) τών σκηνών / εν τών σκηνών τινι (τω)

II. 1. The general of the Greeks remains (remained) in that country for ten days and takes money from the foreigners who live by the sea. And the old men and the mothers were afraid for the children, but some good hoplites were preventing the sailors from doing any harm to them. 2. After this, the army marches (marched) seven stades and arrives (arrived) at a river Chalos by name and at a certain old bridge which a large number of strong men were guarding. 3. The teacher was making the accusation, the thief was the defendant, and the rich men were serving as jurors.

22


4. The previous resolution comes (came) about in the aforementioned way, the later resolution in the following way: the multitude (the common people) obeyed Demosthenes. 5. The old men were looking for the ancient writings, but they [the writings] were being concealed by some children. III. 1. τίνα χρή ταύτην την σοφίαν διαφέρειν; τον διδάσκαλον. 2 . τότε εκείνα τα δε ινά του ήγεμόνος κατηγορείτε. 3. ήγεϊτό τι? τοΐς στρατιώταις αϊτό του των π ολεμ ίω ν στρατοπέδου στενήν οδόν. 4. τους πόδας κρύπτειν πως έβούλετο, ά λ λ ' ό δαίμων ael έκώλυε(ν). 5. τον Θήρα ϋδωρ αίτουσι ■ τοϊς γαρ άνθρώποις έστϊν τρόπον τινά φίλιος. 6 . πώς καί που χρή τήν αλήθειαν ζητεϊν;

UNIT EIGHTEEN [For more information on future middle forms attested in classical Attic with passive meaning, see H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar, rev. by G. M. Messing (Cambridge 1956) §808-809, R. Kiihner-B. Gerth, Grammatik der griechischen Sprache. Zweiter Teil: Satzlehre (Hanover 1898) 1.114-117.] I.

1. to be called / about to be called 2 . we shall learn 3. they will believe 4. they will fall 5. he will do wrong 6 . you (pi.) will ask 7. about to throw 8 . you (pi.) will pray 9 . 1 shall be in need of, I shall ask for 10.you (s.) will excel 11.1 shall leave 12. s/he will suppose 13. you (pi.) will die 14. she will beat herself [in mourning], he will beat himself 15. it will be possible 16. s/he will exhort

1 7 .1 shall desire 18. you (s.) will hide yourself / you (s.) will conceal (for your own benefit) 19. about to have 20 . we shall be distant / we shall hold off 21 . you (s.) will kill 22 . you (s.) will arrive 23. you (s.) will be 2 4 .1 shall flee 25. about to send 26. about to suffer (7ra
UNITS SEVENTEEN -NINETEEN

II. 1. ού καλώς (εύ)

7τράξομεν 2. σπείσονται 3. ού φ ο βή σετα ι 4. φυλάζεσ θαι

5. έ'σεσθε 6. γυμι>άσομαι 7. β α λ ο ύ μ ε ν

23

8. δεησεσθε 9. εδόκει 10. νομιεΐν 11. κωλύσεις 12. ήγήσονται 13. γρ άψ εται 14. άδικησόμεθα 15. οισει

16. οϋποτε πεσουμαι

17. τρέψετε 18. 7τείσονται 19 . εζέσται 20 . οίήσεται

III. 1. (cf. Xen. Anab. 1.1.1) Two children are bom of (to) Dareios and Parysatis. (And) when Dareios was about to die, he wanted his sons to be present. (And) he sends messengers to summon [who will summon] Cyrus, and he [Cyrus] arrives in his father’s presence. But later Cyrus will fight unjustly against his brother over the rule and he will neither fare well nor win victory, but will fall in the battle. And in the end his brother will rule instead of him. 2. Never will you learn even those small things, wretched man. For it will seem noble (good) to the citizens not to be persuaded either by money or by blows to say these things. 3. (cf. Lysias 12.4) Cephalus, the father of Lysias, is persuaded by Pericles to come to the land of the Athenians and he lives there for a long time and becomes wealthy. IV. 1. οι "Κ λληνες τούς 'Αθηναίους ηγεμόνας αιρήσονται. 2. τούτο ο λ έ ζ ε ι ν μ έ λ λ ω δεινόν εστιν, ά λ λ α τη ν α λή θεια ν ού κρύψω. [Middle κρύψομαι is also idiomatic in such a phrase.] 3. ούπ οτε ούτε ό ναύτης οϋτε ό δικαστής τινα εκείνων των π λ ο υ σ ίω ν π ο λιτώ ν β λ ά ψ ε ι τι. 4. το μηδ'ε τους παιδας φ οβεΐσ θαι την στρατιάν ωφελήσει. 5. εκείνα τ ά 'έτη δέκα τριήρεις ε'ίγομεν.

UNIT NINETEEN I.

1. about to announce 2. to announce (aor.) 3. you (s.) led 4. to choose (aor.) 5. we perceived

6.1 provided / they provided 7. you (s.) threw 8 . you (s.) were throwing 9. you (pi.) bore 10. it (s/he) seemed

24


11. we found 12. s/he led (believed) 13. about to remain 14. to remain (pres.) 15. you (s.) exhorted 16. they made a truce 17. you were fighting 18 .1 shall be distant / shall hold off 19. to provide (aor.) 20 . it happened, it came about, s/he became 21 . you (pi.) concealed 22.1 carried across / they carried across 23. we took II. 1. Trapa(T)(elv 2 . 6TTeaop.ev 3. eveyK€Iv / €veyK.a i

4. ¿(pvyofxev 5. ei8e? 6 . Traprjyayov 1. irapfiyov 8. a y i l v 9. ayyiXXovuL 10. vofiielv 11. ehre(v) 12. eyeveaOe

2 4 .1 shall train [someone else] 25. you (s.) exercised 26. to seek (aor.) 27. s/he came 28. to fight (aor.) 29. you (s.) inquired 30. to learn (aor.) 31. s/he died 32. you (pi.) hoped 33. to say (aor.) 34. we were 35. they put themselves on their guard / they guarded themselves against 36. we began / we ruled

1 3 . Kakiaat 14. a$LK6p.iQa 15. ¿13ov\evaap.e6a 16. aKovaeTai 17. Kw\vcraL 18. ebLKaaavTO 19. CL7T0KTCV6LV 20 . eXeaOac 21 . airedave(v) 22. /3aAAei? 23. eAmw 24. elbop.ev 25. cnrriyayov

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31· 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

emTpe\}/ai ¿'Set / ¿xprjv lirvQop.iQa 7Teaov/j.ai,

eATricrcu kiraiviaai KvaacrOat

?)A0es hioLuu) ¿ypa\j/afxev

III. 1. The people by the sea used to fare well in other respects, but they suffered badly at the hands of some of the enemy who were always plundering the territory. 2. (cf. Lysias 12.4-5) Cephalus and his sons lived there for 30 years and they never brought a suit or were defendants in a suit. For neither did they do harm to other men nor did other men treat them unjustly. But when these villains seized the rule, they put Polemarchus to death because o f his money, and Lysias with difficulty left the country. But in the end the allies of the democracy got the upper hand and that man spoke in accusation of the impious men. For he was skilled at speaking.

25

UNITS NINETEEN-TWENTY

3. The messenger came to the general and said: “I saw the enemy at the seven gates. Who will fight in each gate on behalf of the citizens? To which gods shall I order the mothers to pray? How will a victory come about? What must one do?” And he [the general] said: “There is no need to be afraid. For I have arranged the soldiers wisely (skillfully) around the walls.”

UNIT TWENTY I.

1. 1 p aor mid ind of σπένδω 2. 3 p impf m/p ind of π λή ττω 3. 3 p aor act ind of α γ γ έ λ λ ω 4. 2 p fut act ind of διαφέρω 5. aor act inf of λαμ βά νω 6 . 3 p fut act ind of έλπίζω 7 .3 p impf act ind of φ η μ ί 8 . aor act inf of λ έ γω 9. fut mid inf of μανθάνω 10. 2 s pres act ind of γιγνώ σκω 11. 3 s fut mid ind of καλεω / II. 1. άγομεν, ήγονμβθα

2 . e/3άλετε 3. δεησει, χρήσ τα ι 4. Ιπήυεσα 5. ήγήσεσθαι 6 . λέγουσί{ν), φασί(ν) 7. ωκοΰμε ν

3 s pres m/p ind of καλεω 12. 1 p impf act ind of άρχω 13. 2 s aor act ind of β λ ά π τ ω 14. 3 s aor act ind of πάσχω 15. 2 p pres act ind of φ η μ ί 1 6 .2 s aor act ind of νοσέω 17. 1 s impf m/p ind of εύχομαι 18. 2 p aor mid ind of β ο ν λ ε ν ω 19. 3 s fut mid ind of άφικνίομαι 20 . 2 s fut mid ind of ειμι 21 . 1 s pres act ind of φ ιλέω

8 . ήσθου 9. έ β ο ν λ ί τ ο 10. έδόκουν 11. λέξομεν, έροΰμεν, φήσομεν 12. εκελει >ον

13. εμαθε 14. παρασκευάζον

15. άποθανή 16. γράψ αι 17. ήτ€ / ήσ τί 1 8 . εύχονται 19. κρνψεται 20 . μενει? 21 . ¿7τβίθομεν 22 . ε ν ρ ύ ν

ται

III. 1. (cf. Lysias 1.5) Euphiletus,* who was on trial for murder, said the following to the jurors: “I shall narrate the affairs from the beginning and I shall not hide [anything].” For he believed that in this way he would persuade the citizens not to put him to death, but to release him from (acquit him of) the charge. 2. How has some one of the gods not harmed this m an’s judgment, [this man] who kept saying impious things about the sun and the winds and the other celestial phenomena and who kept doing a very great deal of harm to the shrines of the Greeks? [rhetorical question, equivalent to “How can it not

26


be the case that some one of the gods has harmed...” or “Surely some one of the gods has harmed...”] 3. (cf. Xen. Anab. 1.3.5-6) And no one will ever say, my fellow soldiers, that I led Greeks to the Persians and then I abandoned the Greeks and chose the friendship of the Persians. But since you are unwilling to obey me, I shall obey you.” This is what Clearchus said. For he believed that his fellow soldiers were to him both fatherland and friends and allies. And the soldiers, both his own and the rest, praised these things (statements). 4. The old man said that the thieves were about to carry away the money, but that the guard prevented (them). 5. Do you believe that the gods will help the just people in the war? 6 . We hope that this herald will announce a victory. *Before the corrected 3rd printing, Eratosthenes. IV. 1. oi) χρή ταυτα ττείθεσθαι εκείνοις t o i s ρήτορσιν, αλλά ( χρ ή ) βουλεύεσ θ α ι καλώ? καί δικαίως καί τήν αλήθειαν ζητείν. 2 . ήγονμεθα (ει>6μίζομεν, ωόμεθα ) άλλους άλλα διαφέρειν. 3. τοΐς νεανίαις εδοζε τάς θυγατέρας τάς του διδασκάλου ά γα γέσ θ α ι· ήλττιζον γάρ εκάστην καί καλήν καί ττλουσίαν εσεσθαι. 4. τους "Έλληνας οϊεσθε ήγεμόνας αιρήσεσθαι τους 'Αθηναίους; 5. τον ρήτορα ούκ ένόμιζον ταΰτην τήν σοφ ίαν δεΐν διαφέρειν. 6 . αυτη (ή γυ νή ) τους στρατιώτας εφη τούς δικαστάς εις το προς τοΐς τείχεσ ιν ιερόν άτταγαγεΐν.

UNIT TWENTY-ONE I. 1. These men were put to death by the Persians. And when the king had gotten these men out of the way, terrible things happened to the city after that; for which things this man is to blame, for he him self persuaded the king to come against Greece. 2. (cf. Xen. Hell. 4.1.15-16) And Agesilaus got a trireme ready and ordered Kallias to take the girl away [sc. in it], and he himself went off to the sacred city, in which dwelt the priest of the foreign goddess. This city was ten stades distant from the king’s* town, and in it was a river full of small fish. 3. The rich man said that he would entrust the cattle and the swine to his son, but that it was not possible (to entrust to him) the mares. 4. Different people praise different habits. 5. He exhorted the cavalrym en to guard the other of the walls, while he himself and the infantry guarded this one.

UNITS TWENTY-TWENTY-TWO

27

6 . (cf. Lysias 12.44-45) Thus you were plotted against not only by the enemy but also by these fellow-citizens and you were prevented from doing anything good. And they believed that you were eager to be rid of the troubles o f the city and that you would not feel concern about the other matters. For they were about to dissolve the democracy. *The article goes with άστεως and β α σ ιλέ ω ς has no article, as is usually the case when it refers to the king of Persia: H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar, rev. by G. M. Messing (Cambridge 1956) §1140. II. 1. εκείνην μ εν τη ν ημέραν οί ίπ π ή ς το στρατόπεδον έφ ύ λα ττο ν , τή δε υστέρα (ημέρα) προς τους π ο λ ε μ ίο υ ς ή λ α σ α ν η γο ύ ν τ ο γαρ ραδίως αύτούς κρατήσειν. 2 . ή ερις (ή στάσις) και ή β ί α τή π ό λ ε ι τον αυτόν τρόπον β λ α β ε ρ α ί ε ι σ ι ν έκατέρα του αγαθούς άνδρας άποθανείν αιτία έστίν. 3. του β α σ ιλ έ ω ς εδεόμεθα ταϋτα (τα π ρ ά γμ α τα ) r a ts γ υ ν α ι ζ ι ν αύταΐς επιτρέψαι. 4. οι μ εν γέροντες τάς γυναίκας τοΐς νόμοις δειν πείθεσθαι εφασαν, a t δε γράες τους άνδρας δεινών κακών τή π ό λει γενέσθαι αιτίους.

UNIT TWENTY-TWO I.

1. τούτων τών ασθενών β οώ ν 2. π ό λ ιν τινά τής στάσεως πλήρη 3. προς τους άφρονας κλώπας 4. β ρ α χ υ ν χρόνον 5. πάσαι αί γυναίκες / πάσαι γυναίκες 6 . παρά τω χαρίεντι β α σ ι λ ε ΐ 7. του εύδαίμονος ίερέως 8 . συμφοράς βαρείας 9. την πάσαν ίσ χ υν την τουδε του άστεως 10. κατά τον αληθή λ ό γ ο ν 11. μέτρω τινι ά σ φ α λει / διά μέτρου τίνος άσφαλοϋς 12. οι έμοι δυστυχείς υιοί / οί δυστυχείς υιοί μου

13. εΐ? ποταμόν β α θ υν (καί) ϋδατος γλυκέος πλήρη 14. 7τερι τής ύμετέρας (σής) ψευδούς νίκης / 7τερι τήν ύμετέραν (σήν) ψευδή νίκην 15. δέκα σώφροσι γραυσί 16. νήες μέλαιναι 17. ό β ίο ς ημών ήδύς. / ό ήμέτερος β ίο ς ήδύς. 18. οί ήμίσεις στρατιώται άπέθανον. / οι ήμίσεις τών στρατιωτών άπέθανον. 19. ή σή (ύμετέρα) θυγάτηρ ούκ άφίκετο. / ή θυγάτηρ σου (υμών) ούκ άφίκετο. 20 . υπέρ ημών / προ ημών

28


II. (cf. Xen. Mem. 2.1.21ff., a story ascribed to the sophist Prodikos) Heracles was once deliberating about his life in a manner something like this: “W hat should I do? Shall I choose the road through (of) virtue, or the other one?” Two women came up to him, one being self-controlled and nobly-born, the other charming but bad. And they tried to persuade the man in turn. The latter said, “You must make me your friend, for I will lead you on the pleasant and easy path, and you will have all sweet things and avoid all hard things.” And Heracles said, “W oman, what is your name?” She replied, “My friends call me Happy Prosperity, but the others call me Vice.” The second woman said: “The path that I say you ought to choose is neither short nor safe nor easy. But it is not possible to become a truly noble and good man without toil. For the fine things are difficult, but all men and all gods will praise you.” This woman’s name was Virtue. III. 1. πάντας τούς ήμετέρους όπ λίτα ς ανάγκη γυμνάζεσθαι- τούτο γάρ ι σ χ υ ρό ύς τήν χειρα και αγαθούς την ψ υ χ ή ν αυτούς ποιεί. 2. αί γράες τον μεν avbpa εφασαν π λ ο ύ σ ιο ν και αισχρόν και χ α λ ε π ό ν είναι, τήν δε γυναίκα χαρίεσσαν και ήδείαν. 3. ό στρατηγός πάντα ταϋτα τά αγαθά τήν π ό λ ι ν εποίησεν, ά λ λ α δια τούς πονηρούς ρήτορας ο'ί ψευδή αύτοϋ κατηγόρησαν ύ φ ’ υμών άπέθανεν.

UNIT TWENTY-THREE I.

1. to display (aor.) 2 . you (s.) are handing over 3. they will release 4. you (s.) were sending on 5. to go away (pres.) 6 . it was being set down 7. to set free (pres.) 8 . s/he / it will go 9. you (pi.) are giving a share of 10. s/he is causing to stand 11. about to give 12. s/he was setting up 13. they are being yoked 14. s/he was breaking 15. they were going out 16.1 am attacking 17. they are betraying

aor act inf of £7TibeiKvvp.t 2 s pres act ind of napabibwiu 3 p fut act ind of a<^'n\p.i 2 s im pf act ind o f ecj>irnu pres act inf o f aneip-i (go away) 3 s impf m/p ind of nadiaTrjjxi pres act inf of aî'^p.i 3 s pres act ind of el/Xi 2 p pres act ind of ¡xeTabibtofu 3 s pres act ind of ’i arrjp .1 fut act inf of bibcüjii 3 s impf act ind o f avaridrjjj .1 3 p pres m/p ind of {¡tvyvvixi 3 s im pf act ind o f pr\yvv jui 3 p im pf act ind of e£eijui (go out) 1 s pres m/p ind of iTrniQrjfxi 3 p pres act ind of -npobibwp-i

29

UNITS TWENTY-TWO-TWENTY-THREE

2 s impf act ind of 8i'8coî 18. you (s.) were giving 1 p pres act ind o f elfxi 19. we shall go 3 s impf m/p ind of pijyvv¡ j.i 20 . it was being shattered 2 s im pf m/p ind of airohtLKVvixL 21 . you (s.) were being appointed 2 s pres act ind of òeÌKvvp.i 22 . you (s.) are showing 2 p fut act ind of Karari07]/it 23. you (pi.) will put down 1 p pres act ind of 7rapa8i8cojui 24. we are handing over 1 s pres m/p ind of ¿(pirjiiL 2 5 .1 aim at, I give orders 3 p fut act ind of Ka6i
10. ^ v y v v ix tv 11. KaQiarTyjcniv) /

18. èppr/yvvs 19. a m i

aTTOòeÌKWcniv) 12. a ir d v a i 13. kCtvyvvTo 14. irpoaieTai 15. ¿(piara/iaL 16. èiriTÌdea-de 17. tTTLÒeuivva(n(v)

20. ècfìiép-eda 21 . Lep.ev 22. riderai

23. ¿7re8i80fi77l·’ 24. iaT àadv)

III. 1. Our allies are revolting from us, our enemies are attacking our walls, our generals are betraying the cities, but you citizens do not admit the messen gers concerning peace.

30


2. Foolish people think that they will always be fortunate, while prudent people believe that the affairs (fortunes) of humans are never secure. 3. (cf. Xen. Hell. 2.3.52-53) Theramenes jum ped up onto the altar and said: “Gentlemen, I believe that Critias ought not to be able to put me to death, but that the judgment (trial) for both you and for me must be according to this law which these men wrote concerning those in the register [of citizens]. And this point is clear, that this altar will not help me at all, but I want to demonstrate this fact as well, that these men are not only unjust toward people but also impious toward gods.”

UNIT TWENTY-FOUR I.

1. they crossed 2 . you (pi.) sold 3. to attack (aor.) 4. you (s.) stripped off [someone else’s clothes/armor) 5. to give back (aor.) 6 . s/he let go, sent on 7. to come to an agreement (aor.) / to happen (aor.) 8. you (pi.) set in charge of 9 . 1 put down 10. you (s.) undressed [yourself] 11.1 was established, I became 12. s/he distinguished 13. to cause to revolt (aor.) 14. we were captured 15. they will go out 16. to aim at (aor.) /to command (aor.) 17. to read aloud (aor.) 18. you (pi.) will go 19. to be captured 20 . about to transgress 21 . you (s.) gave back

22 . s/he was setting down, appointing 23. they were coming together /1 was coming to terms 24. they are being captured 25. you (s.) transgressed 26. they recognized 27. it sank 28. s/he placed upon 29. they admitted [to their presence] 30. you (pi.) gave a share of 3 1. they were 32. you (s.) dedicated 33. to show (pres.) 34. they will recognize 35. to put together (aor.) 36. you (pi.) were captured 37. we appointed 38. s/he became in charge of, stood upon 39. you (s.) attacked 40. it, s/he was being handed over* 41. we were distinguishing 42. to make an agreement (aor.)

*B efore the c o rrected 3rd printing: he h an d ed o v er (in his ow n in te r est)— but aor. m id. o f this verb is not attested in classical A ttic.

31

UNITS TWENTY-THREE-TWENTY-FIVE

II. 1. vrjes kirra Karibvaav. 2. 8e/ca TpiriptLS KarebvaapLev. 3. ¿TTeOfcrde 4. TTpobovvat 5. eyev6p.e6a, naTearrjpiev 6. rjkL(TK0VT0 7. Trpoaeadat 8 . bia^riaeade 9. enelvos o veavias to v auxppuv d v a i ¿(pdro.

10. eTrerideao 11. avefirjcrav 12. a v ty v w re 13. Trapebopiev 14. aireo-T-qaas 15. m v T e s eakooaav {rjXuxrav). 16. Trapefirj 17.17 to v ftacn X em yvvrj airebv. 18. ovk eyvwpiev

III. 1. (cf. Herodotus 5.95) In that war other wondrous things happened in the battles and Alcaeus the poet escaped (from the danger) himself, but left behind his shield, and the Athenians captured it and dedicated it to the gods. 2. (cf. Lysias 16.1) Although these men want me to be caught (found guilty) in this trial by every conceivable means, you are not being misled by their false statements, but you always seek to distinguish the truly just and the unjust. 3. (cf. Lysias 12.92-97) I am about to step down [from the speaker’s podium], gentlemen of the jury, but first I want to say a few words to each group, both to those from the town and those from Peiraieus. For I hope that you will hold (regard) as examples the misfortunes which happened to you through these men and that you will cast your vote justly and wisely. You people from the town were ruled over harshly by these men and because of these men you were waging a war against your brothers and sons and fellow-citizens. You people from Peiaieus fell out of (were cast into exile from) your fatherland and for no short time you were in need of all things, both money and friends, but in the end you came back down (home) into Attica. 4. (cf. Xen. Hell. 2.3.43) It is not these men— the ones who prevent numerous enemies from being made— who make your enemy strong and betray your friends, but rather those men, who unjustly take money away (from others) and put just men to death.

UNIT TWENTY-FIVE I. 1. Great (large) things are never secure. 2. You are the first who found for yourself (obtained, earned) this honor.

32


3. Foolish is this man, who seems to himself to be powerful in all things (to be able to do all things). 4. Peisistratos established him self as king of the Athenians three times. For he (fell out [into exile]) was driven out twice, but finally through great toils he established himself with power over all things. 5. The foreigners were throwing many stones, so that it was necessary for each of the Greeks to be on his guard and to hold his shield up over his head. 6 . Whereas the father was friendly and charming so that he was loved by all, each of his two sons says many bad things about the other so that they are praised by no one. 7. (cf. Herodotus 5.93) Sokles said that he did not believe it was just for the Lace-daemonians to try to set up kingships in the cities, and all the others at first kept themselves (in) quiet, but then every single one broke into speech and chose his (Socles’) opinion. And thus the allies comm anded the Lacedaemonians to do nothing terrible concerning a Greek city. 8. (cf. Lysias 19.18-20) Aristophanes was always active in politics and was eager for honor. And so at that time together with Eunomos he went off to Sicily by ship, for he hoped to persuade Dionysios to become kinsman by marriage to Euagoras, hostile to the Lacedaemonians, and a friend and ally to your city. And there were many dangers related to the sea and the enem ies, but nevertheless he tried to do these things, and finally he persuaded Dionysios not to send some triremes which at that time he had prepared for the Lacedaemonians. II. 1. οι κλώπες σοφοί έσονται ώστε τους α λλουϊ τι των π ο λ λ ώ ν αδίκων 'έργων κρΰψαι; 2. οί σοφο'ι τους ανθρώπους φ α σ ϊν ά λ λ ή λ ο ν ς ώ φ ελ εΐν χρήναι, ώστε τούτο ποιούμεν. 3. όντως αγαθοί ήμϊν αντοΐς δοκοΰμεν είναι ώστε μηδένα ημών διαφέρειν. 4. τώ φ ν γ ε ΐ ν , ανδρες στρατιώται, την μ άχην ¿ποιήσατε πίκραν μεν νμΐν αντοΐς, ήδεΐαν δε τοΐς πολεμίοις. 5. τετταρας μ εν ήμέρας έδ ν να ντ ο οι ν α ν τα ι τονς ό π λ ίτ α ς ά ν α β ή ν α ι κ ω λυ σ α ι , τή δε πέμπττ] (ημέρα) ο λ ίγ ο ι ενόσησαν, ώστε έδει έαντοίις παραδονναι.

UNIT TWENTY-SIX I.

1. μαχούμενος, μαχονμένη, μαχούμενον 2. β α λ ώ ν, β α λ ο νσ α , β α λ ό ν 3. βονλόμενος, β ο ν λο μ ενη , βο υλ ό μ εν ο ν

UNITS TWENTY-FIVE-TWENTY-SIX

33

4 . 7TapanOeis, Trapandeiaa, irapandev 5. embeLâp.evos, e7r 1.8e 1.fap.ey 77, eTnbei£a.p.evov 6 . voarj(Tu>v, vocrr/crovaa, voarjaov 7. (weak, 1st) airobvcras, aTrobvaaaa, airobvaav, (strong, 2nd) drrodvs, aTTohvaa, arfobvu* 8 . VOfJ-LMV, VOp.LOV(TOL, VOjXLOVV

9. eepiepevos, ¿(fuepevq, e(piep.evov 10. eftcoy, e f to i c a , e f t ov 11. irapafiriaopevos, TTapa/3r](rofievq, irapa(3'q(rop.evov 12. emOepevos, eTTi.dep.evr], einOepevov

*Before the corrected 3rd printing (weak, 1st) eKbvo-as, e
12. δοκοϋν 13. άξόμζνοί 14. αρζασων 15. γραφομένοι,ς 16.7τυνθανομένω 17. -ήγησόμενος 18. άποθανονσης 19. άποσχόντας 20 . β λ ά ψ ο ν τ α 21 . διαβάντας 22. οίκοΰντων

III. 1. nom s f fut mid part o f elpi voc s f fut mid part of eip. 1 2 . dat p f fut mid part of (pevyoj 3. dat s m près act part of efeipi dat s n près act part of efeijui 4. gen s m aor mid part o f (nrévboû gen s n aor mid part of (nrévbw 5. dat p m près act part of rà rra ) dat p n près act part of t ü t t m 6 . nom p n aor act part of dx/n77/11 acc p n aor act part of ¿177/11 voc p n aor act part of ¿<£177/11 acc s m aor act part of ¿ $ 177/11 7. gen p m près act part of Trot-eu gen p n près act part of 7rotew

23. άφησομένοις 24. ίδούσας 25. γ^yvόμevov 26. άποκτίνοϋντος 27. καταστησαμένη 28. νομίζον 29. έσόμζι>οι 30. deLacüV 31. ποιουμένοις 32. 7τapaκeλeυσápevat

8 . nom s f (strong, 2nd) aor act part of φέρω voc s f (strong, 2nd) aor act part of φέρω 9. nom p n pres m/p part of τίθημι acc p n pres m/p part of τίθημι. voc p n pres m/p part of τίθημι 10. dat p n (strong, 2nd) aor act part of δύω dat p m (strong, 2nd) aor act part of δύω 11. nom s n fut act part o f τταίθω acc s n fut act part of ττε ίθω voc s n fut act part of ττίίθω 12. dat p n fut act part of β ά λ λ ω


34

dat p m fut act part of β ά λ λ ω dat p n aor act part of β ά λ λ ω dat p m aor act part of β ά λ λ ω 13. dat s f près m/p part of ϋπ ισ χνεομ ai

14. acc s m aor act part of Ισθίω nom p n aor act part of εσθίω acc p n aor act part of εσθίω voc p n aor act part of εσθίω 15. gen p f fut act part of καίω 16. dat s m près act part of Ιφίστημι

dat s n près act part of εφίστημι 17. acc p m fut act part of ερέω 18. acc s m près act part of είμί nom p n près act part of ά μ ί acc p n près act part of ά μ ί voc p n près act part of ά μ ί 19. dat s m aor act part of παράγω dat s n aor act part of παράγω 20 . gen s m aor act part of εχω gen s n aor act part of εχω 21 . acc s m aor act part of ωφελέω nom p n aor act part of ώφελέω acc p n aor act part of ώφελεω

voc p n aor act part of ωφελέω 22 . gen p f aor act part of δίδωμι 23. acc p m (strong, 2nd) aor act part of ϊστημι 24. acc s f fut act part of λείπω 25. nom p f (weak, lst) aor act part of ϊστημι voc p f (weak, lst) aor act part o f ϊστημι 26. nom p m aor act part of λα μ βά νω

voc p m aor act part of λαμ βά νω

27. gen s m aor mid part of άφικνέομαι

gen s n aor mid part of άφικνέομ ai

28. nom s m aor act part of φ ιλ έ ω voc s m aor act part of φ ιλέω 29. nom p f aor mid part of άποδίδωμι

voc p f aor mid part of άποδίδωμι

30. acc p m aor mid part of πυνθάνομαι

IV. (cf. Herodotus 2.20-24) But certain of the Greeks, who wanted to show themselves to be notable for wisdom, have spoken three ways of explaining concerning this water; two of which it is not worthwhile to speak o f except in brief terms. O f these, the one says that the Etesian (annual) winds are responsible for the fact that the river becomes full (for [they say] the winds prevent the Nile from flowing out into the sea). But often the Etesian winds have not blown, but the Nile does the same thing. The second (explanation) is less scientific, the one that says that it flows from the Ocean, and that the Ocean flows around the entire earth. The third of the explanations is by far the most reasonable, but is false. For not even this one makes sense [lit., says anything]; for it says that the Nile flows from melting snow. But since I must display my own opinion concerning this, I will tell why (on account of what) the Nile seems to me to flood during the summer. During the stormy season the sun is driven from its former (old) path by the winter storms and it goes toward the inland parts of Africa. And the Nile alone is caused to evaporate in such a way that during this time it flows with little

UNITS TWENTY-SIX-TWENTY-SEVEN

35

water, but during the summer it is evaporated equally with all the other rivers and it flows with more water.

UNIT TW ENTY-SEVEN I.

1. κελεύσαντος τού στρατηγού πάντες παρά τον ποταμόν ήλαυνον φ υλα ττόμενοι. 2. οί τον έμόν πατέρα άποκτείναντες δίκην δώσουσιν. 3. τό άστυ λιποΰσα εις την θάλατταν κατέβη. 4. ό μαθεϊν μή εθέλων την ψ νχή ν νοσεί. 5. καίπερ πάντα ταϋτα υποσχόμενος ούδ'εν επραξεν. 6. στρεφόμενον (τρεπόμενον, στρεψάμενον, τρεψάμενον) τό στράτευμα επέστη. 7. ύπνος βαθύς τούς πολύ πιόντας είχεν. 8. διωκόντων ημών τούς τον ποταμόν διαβάντας οί 'Αθηναίοι τάς σκηνάς καύσαντες του? 'ίππους ήρπασαν. 9. τώ βαρβάρω πειθόμεθα, καίπερ π ολλά και δεινά ά γγέλλο ντι. 10. ώ? ου πλούσιοι όντες τάς τριήρεις παρασκευάζειν ου δυνήσονται. 11. 1. The fools among m ankind let go of what is at hand and pursue what is absent. 2. At the urging o f the leaders (archons), the citizens made peace with those who were in exile. 3. Although many cavalrymen were attacking, we took up for burial those who had died. 4. Demosthenes promised he would do these things, speaking falsely. 5. Although it is necessary (it being necessary) to care for one’s parent (the one who cared [for you]) in old age, the common mass of people are unwilling (to do so). 6 . Who will be able to win victory in the contest if he is not tall and strong? 7. (cf. Xen. Anab. 1.1.3) The king arrests Cyrus with the intention o f putting him to death. 8 . (Anthologia Palatina 7.348) Having drunk a lot and eaten a lot and said a lot o f bad things about (having often insulted) my fellow men, here I lie, Timocreon o f Rhodes. 9. (cf. Lysias 28.13) But I, gentlem en of A thens, do not have the same judgm ent about each o f the two groups. These m en, who longing for freedom and justice and wanting the laws to be valid and hating those who do wrong partook of your dangers, I believe are not bad citizens. But those m en, who having returned home from exile under democracy are doing


36

wrong to you the common people and are making their private households great using (lit. “out o f ’) your property, one must very vehemently accuse, just as one does the Thirty.

UNIT TWENTY-EIGHT I. 1. You did badly in allowing these women to be treated unjustly by the other women. 2. Who will get up to the acropolis before the foreigners? (Who will beat the foreigners in going up to the acropolis?) 3. You will not err if you say this. / You will not be wrong in saying this. 4. The young man feels bad, for he never endures being second. 5 .1 will easily prove that he concealed this money. 6 . He happened to be taking exercise on that day. 7. Do you not know that death will stop both those who are faring well and those who are not? II.(cf. Lysias 2.7ff.) When Adrastus and Polynices attacked Thebes and did not fare well in the battle, and the Thebans were preventing anyone from burying the dead bodies, the Athenians, since they judged (believed) that the former had paid a sufficient penalty in dying, while the latter were committing an offense against the gods, first, having sent messengers, they asked them (the Thebans) to grant (the opportunity of) picking up the dead. W hen they were not able to obtain this [favor], they (the Athenians) went on cam paign against them (the Thebans), even though there was previously no disagreem ent with the Thebans, because they (the Athenians) believed that those who had died ought to receive the customary rites. And because they (the Athenians) had justice as their ally they were victorious in battle and displayed their excellence to all men. At a later time, after Heracles had died, his children, in flight from Eurystheus, kept being driven out by all the Greeks, who, although ashamed at their deeds, were afraid of Eurystheus’ power. And* when the children came to this city and Eurystheus was demanding their surrender, the Athenians did not consent to hand them over. And when the Argives came on campaign against them, they (the Athenians) did not change their minds when they got close to the terrible events, but they kept the same decision and they were victorious in battle a second time. C onjunction was absent before corrected 3rd printing.

UNITS TWENTY-SEVEN-TWENTY-NINE

37

UNIT TWENTY-NINE I.

1. 1 p impf act ind of τελευτάω 2. 3 p im pf m/p ind of ζηλόω 3. 3 p près m/p ind of τιμάω 4. 1 p impf act ind of όράω 5. 3 p près act ind of σκώ ά ννυμ ι 6 . dat p f près act part of τιμάω 7. fut act inf of μετε'χω 8.2 s aor act ind of άναμιμνήσκω 9. nom s m aor act part of άναμιμνήσκω voc s m aor act part of άναμιμνήσκω 10. 3 s impf act ind of νικάω 11. près m/p inf of όράω 12. 3 s près act ind of έμττίμττλημι 13. nom s m fut act part of σκώ ά ννυμ ι voc s m fut act part of σκώ ά ννυμ ι nom s n fut act part of σκώ ά ννυμ ι acc s n fut act part of σκώ ά ννυμ ι voc s n fut act part of σκώ ά ννυμ ι 14. 2 s fut act ind of έλαΰνω 1 5 .2 s impf act ind of έμττίμττλημι 16. 1 p perf act ind of οιδα 17. 3 s fut act ind of φαίνω 18. 2 p fut mid ind of ίπριοράω 19. près m/p inf of ζηλόω 20 . dat s m près act part of άττορέω dat s n près act part of άττορέω 21 . acc s m près m/p part of τελευτάω nom s n près m/p part of τελευτάω acc s n près m/p part of τελευτάω voc s n près m/p part of τελευτάω 22. 3 p impf act ind of τιμάω 1 s impf act ind of τιμάω 23. 2 s impf m/p ind of δηλόω 24. 2 s fut mid ind of άρττάζω 25. près m/p inf of έττίσταμαι 26. 3 s près act ind of δηλόω 2 s près m/p ind of δηλόω

we were accomplishing they were being emulated they are being honored we were seeing they are scattering (dat.) [women] honoring about to have a share you (s.) reminded (nom.) [man] having reminded (voc.) [man] having reminded s/he was victorious to be seen (pres.) s/he is filling (nom.) [man] about to scatter (voc.) [man] about to scatter (nom.) [thing] about to scatter (acc.) [thing] about to scatter (voc.) [thing] about to scatter you (s.) will drive you (s.) were filling we know s/he / it will reveal you (pi.) will permit to be emulated (pres.) (dat.) [man] being at a loss (dat.) [thing] being at a loss (acc.) [man] being accomplished (nom.) [thing] being accom plished (acc.) [thing] being accom plished (voc.) [thing] being accom plished they were honoring I was honoring you (s.) were being revealed you (s.) will seize to know (pres.) s/he / it is revealing you (s.) are being revealed

38

27. pres act inf of τιμάω 28. 3 s impf act ind of άπορέω 29. nom p m pres m/p part of ζηλόω voc p m pres m/p part of ζηλόω 30. 2 p pres act ind of νικάω 3 1 .1 s pres act ind of όράω 32. 1 p impf act ind of ¿μπίμπλημι 33. 1 p fut act ind of σκ ώ ά νννμι 34. fut act inf of τελευτάω 35. aor act inf of φαίνω 36. 3 p fut mid ind of oiba 37. 3 p fut mid ind of εΐμι 38. dat p f fut mid part of οργίζομαι 39. 3 s aor mid ind of παύω

II. 1. ζηλοϋν, ζηλώσαι 2 . τελευτά v, τελευτησαι 3. νικώσι(ν) 4. τα ΰηλονμενα 5. έν^πίμπλασαν 6.ζηλοΰμΐ,θα 7. εώρα? 8 . τιμωμένης

9. σκ ώ α ννύνα ι , σκεδάσ αι 10. μίθέζοντας / μ π α σ χ ή σ ο ν τ α ς

Answer Key to Introduction to Attic Greek to honor (pres.) s/he was at a loss (nom.) [men] being emulated (voc.) [men] being emulated you (p.) win I see we were filling we shall scatter about to bring to an end to reveal (aor.) they will know they will be (dat.) [women] about to be angry she stopped herself / he stopped himself

11. άνζμνήσατί / ΰπζμνήσατε*

12. ¿ζήλονv 13. νικασθαι 14. εωράτε** 15. τιμώμενα 16. ελώμεν 17. μετε'δωκε(ν) 18. μετεΐχοι» / μετε'σ·χοι> 19. ττείσεσθαι 20. π ίνα ν, π ιά ν

* B efo re the c o rre c te d 3rd p rin tin g , th is ite m in v ite d a o rist m id d le -ejivriaacrOe, w hich is poetic or non-A ttic. **B efore the corrected 3rd printing, eoiipas, sam e as 7. III. 1. And three days later they again made their own virtue manifest by helping those who were lacking food. 2. It is obvious, fellow soldiers, that you are mindful neither of what happened then nor of what is now about to occur. 3. This villain was so clever at speaking that he appeared to be worthy of office. 4. At first the old man remained inactive (kept quiet) when he saw these things being done by those who were plotting against the archons, but finally he revealed everything to the citizens in order to put a stop to the strife.

39

UNITS TWENTY-NINE-THIRTY

5. Since the Thebans were not coming out to battle, the Athenians continued building a wall of large stones, four stades distant from the walls of the town. 6 . The king’s soldiers are equal to the Greeks in number, but not in valor. 7. Pentheus did not easily endure hearing that all the women were honoring the god who had come from Lydia. 8 . (cf. Lysias 7.1) W hile formerly I used to believe that it was permitted to anyone who wanted to, if he minded his business, to have neither court cases nor troubles, now everything comes about contrary to expectation and I am being placed in (am involved in) a terrible struggle (in court). 9. (cf. Lysias 33.7) I do not know what idea in the world the Lacedaemonians have when they perm it Greece to be burned, since they are not unjustly leaders of the Greeks both because of their inborn virtue and because of their expertise in connection with war. [Literally, . . . making use of what idea in the world the Lac. are permitting . . . ]

UNIT THIRTY I.

1. άμείνονι γνώμ-β / μετά άμείνονος γνώμης 2. κάκιστα / τον κάκιστον τρόπον 3 . ραον 4. τοις άκροτάτοις 5. εκ τον άληθεστέρου λ ό γ ο ν 6 . ταΐς άξιωτάταις (γυυα ιζίν) I. την άσφαλεστέραν οδόν 8 . τον άδικώτατον των τον Κ ύρου στρατιωτών 9. τον σοφωτάτου διδασκάλου

10. 7τλουσιωτέρου τινός / πλουσιω τερου τινός άνδρός

11. φανερώτατα / δηλότατα / σαφέστατα

12. π λείω χρήματα / πλείονα χρήματα / π λέονα χρήματα 13. τή μ ε γίσ τη π ό λει 14. ώ? χρηστότατου 15. το ήδιστον πάντω ν / το γλυκ ύτα τον πάντων

16. αισχιον, αϊσχιστα

II. 1. ούκ άγνοούμεν τούς νεανίας τών γερόντων θάττονας (θάττους) όντας, ούκ άγνοούμεν τούς νεανίας θάττονας (θάττους) ή τούς γέροντας όντας. 2 . π ο λ λ ο ΐς μεν τών ρητόρων όργιζόμενοι ά γ γέ λ λ ε σ θ ε , μ άλιστα δε (πάντων) τώ Αημοσθένει. 3. τούς κλώπας ελαθε ή ναυς ήν ήρπασαν ϋδατος εμπιμπλαμενη. οι κλώπες ούκ ησθοντο την ναΰν ήν ήρπασαν ΰδατος εμ πιμπλαμενην. 4. β ο ν λ ε υ σ α μ έ ν ο ις τοϊς "Έ,λλησιν άμεινον εδοξε το ισχυρότατον (μέρος) τής στρατιάς προς τήν θάλατταν π έ μ ψ α ι ώστε το εαυτών πλήθος τούς βαρβάρους ώς π λ ε ΐσ τ ο ν χρόνον κρύπτειν.


40

III. At this point, ambassadors come from Sinope, fearing both concerning the city of the Kotyoritans (for it belonged to them and the Kotyoritans paid tribute to them) and concerning the land (of the Kotyoritans) (for they were hearing that it was being plundered). And having come into the camp they spoke (Hecatonymus, who was considered a skilled speaker, was their spokesman): “Gentlemen of the army, the city of the Sinopeans sent us both to praise you, because being Greeks you are defeating non-Greeks, and secondly also to rejoice with you, because you are present here after coming safely through difficulties that were (as we have heard) many and terrible. And we think it proper that, since we are o u rselves Greeks, we receive from you who are Greeks some good treatment and suffer nothing bad. For nor have we on our part ever yet taken the initiative in doing harm to you. These people of Kotyora are our colonists, and we turned this territory over to them after taking it away from the foreigners.”

UNIT THIRTY-ONE I.

1. σιγήστβ 2 . ηττάσθζ 3. δουλεύστ/? 4. άπορτ] 5. έλέγχω νται 6 . έπιθώμαι 7. άφισττ)

8 . έπιθυμήσωμζν 9. κωλνωμαι 10. στρατενώμεθα 11. 'ij)s 12. άφίκωνται 13. καλέσωμαι 14. άπαγάγτ]ί

II. 1. 3 p aor act subj of παρέχω 2. 3 s pres m/p subj of αναγιγνώσκω

3 .2 s pres act subj of ά π α μ ι (be away) 4. 3 p aor mid subj of at ρέω 5 .2 s aor act subj of άφίημι 6 . 2 p aor act subj of β α σ ιλ ε ύ ω 7. 1 p pres act subj of beU vvpi 8 . 3 s aor act subj of δηλόω 2 s aor mid subj of δηλόω 2 s fut mid ind of δηλόω 9. 3 p pres act subj of διαμένω 10. 3 s pres act subj of διώκω

15. νοστι 16. άναβτι 17. δύνησθΐ 18. ποιήσωσι(ν) 19. έθέλωμξν 20 . σπ^νδώμεθα

2 s pres m/p subj of διώκω 2 s pres m/p ind of διώκω 11. 3 p pres m/p subj o f δύναμαι 12. 2 p aor mid subj of έζαιτέω 13. 2 p aor act subj of παραβαίνω 14. 2 s pres m/p subj o f κρύπτω 3 s pres act subj of κρύπτω 2 s pres m/p ind of κρύπτω 15. 2 s pres m/p subj o f κρατέω 3 s pres act subj of κρατέω 2 s pres m/p ind of κρατέω 16. 1 s aor act subj o f μένω 17. 3 s aor act subj of παράγω 2 s aor mid subj of παράγω

41

UNITS THIRTY-THIRTY-ONE

18. 3 p pres m/p subj of ήττάομαι 3 p pres m/p ind of ήττάομαι 19. 1 p aor act subj of α γ γ έ λ λ ω 20. 3 s pres m/p subj of at ρέω 21. 2 p pres act subj of άκούω 22. 2 s pres act subj of υπομιμνήσκω

23. 3 p pres act subj of άπειμι (go away)

24. 1 p pres m/p subj of αρπάζω 25. 3 s aor act subj of αργω 2 s aor mid subj of άρχω 2 s fut mid ind of άρχω 26. 3 p pres act subj of άφίστημι 27. 2 p aor mid subj of δείκνυμι 28. 3 s pres m/p subj of ήγέομαι 29. 2 p aor act subj of επιτρέπω 30. 1 s aor mid subj of πυνθάνομαι

Πί. 1. jury προδώτε την ύμετέραν π ό λιν, ώ άνδρες 'Αθηναίοι. 2. φ οβο ύ ντα ι μη οι παΐδες τοΐς δούλοις ου πιστεύω σιν. 3 . β έ λ τ ι ό ν εστι την θάλατταν τριήρων έμ π λ η σ α ι ϊνα τάς πολέμιας ναΰς τη π όλει επιθέσθαι κωλύωμεν. 4. μηδεις μήποτε ημάς εκείνων των καιρών άναμνήση (υπόμνηση). 5 . οϋποτε μη άποδείξης (επίδειξης) δικαιοτέρα ούσα των ά λλω ν. / οϋποτε μη άποδείξης (επίδειξης) δικαιότερος ών των άλλω ν. 6 . πώς άξίως τούτον επαινέσω;

IV. 1. Whom am to harm (shall I harm) more justly than those who have wronged me? 2. The Greeks, having ceased to make war against each other, agree on a peace in order that the king may not easily conquer all. 3. Let us never be defeated by the female sex, since we are men. 4. Although we have exchanged (given and received) a pledge, we are afraid that the Thebans may not be trustworthy. 5. If the city is not faring well, do not seem to be angry at those who are not to blame, but rather at those who do not deliberate correctly. 6 . While the cavalry was pursuing those who were fleeing, the general with the hoplites set up a trophy in order to demonstrate to all that his own army was better (stronger) than the enem y’s. V. Once when the Assem bly conceived a desire to put to death all those associated with Thrasyllos and Erasinides by a single vote contrary to the laws, Socrates, being a member of the Council and at that time getting his turn as (having become) the presiding officer in the assembly, refused to put the measure to the vote, even though the Assembly was becoming angry with him and many powerful men were threatening him. But he considered it of more importance to abide by his oath than to oblige the Assembly contrary to justice and to guard himself against those threatening him. For indeed he believed that


42

the gods have concern for human beings, not in the (same) way that most people believe. For they believe that the gods know some things and do not know others, but Socrates believed that the gods know everything, both what is being said and done and what is being planned in silence, and that the gods are present everywhere and give signs to men concerning all human affairs.

UNIT THIRTY-TWO 1. I. 1 s aor act opt of διαβαίνω 2. 3 p aor act subj of σωφρονέω 3. 1 p pres m/p subj of όμολογέω 4. 1 p aor act opt of υπομένω 5 .3 s aor act opt of υ π ο λα μ β ά νω 6 . 2 p aor act opt of γιγνώ σκω 7 . 3 s aor act opt of υπακούω 8 . aor act inf of υπακούω 9. 2 p pres act subj of δουλεύω 10. 2 s aor act opt of σ υ μ β ου λεύω II. 2 p aor mid opt o f συμφέρω 12. 3 p aor mid subj of έπιτίθημι 1 3 .3 s aor mid opt of άποδίδωμι 14. 1 p pres act opt of άπειμι (go away) 15. gen s f pres m/p part of άπολογέομαι

16.3 s aor mid opt of άναιρέω 17.1 s aor mid opt of άποκρίνω II. 1. 'iva χρηται 2 . μη στρατεύσαιντο / μη στρατεύοιντο 3. μη σιγηστ}. 4. μηποτε έπιληθοιο. 5. ιω η μένω; 6. 'iva άποκριναίμην / iva άποκρινοίμην / iva ύπακούσαιμι / ϊνα ύπακούοιμι

1 8 .2 s pres act subj of δια β ά λλω 1 9 .2 s pres m/p opt of δύναμαι 20. 3 s impf m/p ind of διαλέγομαι 21. 3 p fut mid ind of έπιλανθάνομαι 22. nom p f pres act part of καταλείπω

voc p f pres act part of καταλείπω

23. 2 s aor act opt of παραινέω 24. aor act inf of σ υ γ γιγν ώ σ κ ω 25. 3 s aor act ind of διαφέρω 26. 3 s aor act opt of άφίημι 27. 3 p aor act opt of μεταδίδωμι 28.1 p aor act subj o f φθάνω 2 9 .2 p fut mid opt of τυγχ ά νω 3 0 .3 s aor act opt of τρέφω aor act inf of τρέφω

7. σ υμ βο υ λευσώ μεθ a / σ υμβουλευώ μεθα

8 . μη ού γαρίεσσα είη 9. τούτο δοιεν οι θεοί. 10. μηδέν ύπόσγτησθε. / μηδέν ύπόσγτι.

UNITS THIRTY-ONE-THIRTY-THREE

43

III. 1. σ ιγώ μ εν οπως ό ποιητής των κατηγορούντων ΰιαφέρτ] ώ? κ ά λλισ τα α π ο λογούμενος. 2. ό β α σ ιλ ε ύ ς εφ ο β ε ίτ ο μή ό Κΰρο? τοΐς α λ λ ο ις στρατηγοΐς ε π ιβ ο υ λε ύ ο ι· ώστε παρεκελεύσατο αύτοΐς φυλάττεσθαι. 3. εϊθε το στράτευμα παρήν. αϋριον άφίκοιτο.

IV. 1. At Pytho (Delphi) Apollo used to give (this) as an oracle to the Greeks: “Nothing in excess.” 2. To those from Croesus who were asking for an oracle the god replied as follows: “It is necessary for Croesus to destroy a great empire if he crosses the Halys river.” And having heard this Croesus thought that he him self would conquer his enemies, not interpreting well. And not fearing that he m ight be m aking a mistake in trusting his own judgm ent, he went on campaign against the Persians in order that after defeating these people he might rule all of Asia. But things turned out otherwise. For the Lydians are conquered and Croesus and his wife and children are captured. And when captured he said this to himself: “I wish that I had never crossed the Halys. And now what are we to suffer? Are we to be slaves to the Persians? It is not a terrible thing for people in misfortune to die, but may the Persians not cut off my head.” V. There still is left the puzzlement which you feel concerning good men: why in the world do good men teach their own sons the other subjects that fall within the realm of teachers and make them wise (in these other subjects), but do not make them (their sons) better than anyone (else) in that virtue in which they themselves are good? And on this question, Socrates, I shall no longer speak a fable to you, but a reasoned account. For this is how one should think of it: is there or is there not some one thing which it is necessary for all the citizens to partake of, if in fact there is going to be a city? For in this question is solved this puzzlement that you feel or nowhere else. For if there is (such a thing), then this one thing is not carpentry or bronzeworking or the art of ceramics, but rather righteousness and self-control and being pious. And taken all together I call it by a single name: a m an’s virtue.

UNIT THIRTY-THREE 1. 1 . 1 s pres act opt of όρμάω 2. 3 p pres m/p opt of μισεω

3. acc s m pres act part of βοηθεω nom p n pres act part of βοηθέω

44

acc p n pres act part of βοηθέω voc p n pres act part of βοηθέω 4. 3 s pres m/p subj of γαμέω 5. 2 s pres act opt of πολιορκέω 6 . pres act inf of άσθενέω 7. 2 s pres act subj of έρωτάω 2 s pres act ind of ερωτάω 8 . 3 p pres act opt of δαπανάω 9. nom s f pres act part of ζώ voc s f pres act part of ζώ 10. 1 p impf act ind of ατιμάζω 1 1 . 3 s aor act opt of γελά ω aor act inf of γελάω 12. 1 p pres act opt of άζιόω 13. pres m/p inf of αΐτιάομαι II. 1. μισήσειαν / μισήσαιεν 2 . γελασ οίμη ν 3. γαμοΐσθε 4. άπαντωεν / άπαντώησαν 5. α'ιτιασαίμεθα

Answer Key to Introduction to Attic Greek 14. 3 p pres act ind of ¿pa.u> 3 p pres act subj of epaia dat p m pres act part of epäio dat p n pres act part of kpam 15. aor mid inf of ripö/j.riv (eipoâi)

16. 17. 18. 19.

3 s impf act ind of eaoo 2 p aor act subj of euepyereoj 2 p fut act ind of eikpyeTeoo 3 p aor act ind of

avyyiyv(i)a'Koo

20 . 1 s pres m/p opt of avaipiuj 2 1 . 1 s impf act ind of airavTau) 3 p im pf act ind of attavTau)

6 . όρμώο 7. τελέσαιτο 8 . α'ιτήσαιμεν 9. έρωη / έρώ 10. άτιμάζοις

III. 1. άφικόμενος δε τον$ Α θ η ν α ίο υ ς ή γ γ ε ι λ ε μισήσαντας τούς μή βοηθοϋντας τοϊς άσθενέσι. άφικόμενος δε ή γ γ ε ι λ ε οτι οι Α θ η ν α ί ο ι τούς μή βοηθοϋντας τοϊς άσθε νέσι μισήσειαν. άφικόμενος δέ ή γ γ ε ι λ ε οτι οι Α θ η ν α ίο ι τούς μή βοηθοϋντας τοϊς άσθε νέσι έμίσησαν. 2 . αϋριον πευσόμεθα (μαθησόμεθα ) π ου τοϊς συ μ μ ά γο ις ημών ά π α ντη σόμεθα. 3. άμα τή ήμέρα σχεδόν πάντες οι ίπ π ή ς προς τή ν θ ά λα ττα ν ώρμησαν (ώρμήσαντο), φανερόν (δήλον) δν οτι ούδεϊς άζιοϊ (άξιοίη) τούς π ο λ ε μ ί ους αισθέσθαι εάν δ τι οί π ολΐτα ι παρεσκευάσαντο (παρασκευάσαιντο). άμα τή ήμερα σχεδόν πάντες οι ίπ π ή ς προς τήν θ άλατταν ώρμησαν (ώρμήσαντο ), ούδενός φανερού (δήλου) δντος άζιοϋντος τούς πολεμίους αισθέσθαι εάν δ τι οί π ο λΐτα ι παρεσκευάσαντο (παρασκευάσαιντο).

IV. 1. When the young man asked which of the three daughters it was advan tageous to marry, we replied with a laugh that we did not know.

UNITS THIRTY-THREE-THIRTY-FOUR

45

2. Are we to permit the king to continue besieging the town, or are we to go to the rescue? 3. The soldiers kept asking how they were to benefit Cyrus, since it was not possible to carry out a campaign without money. For they did not think it proper to obey a general who was spending less than he promised. V. I, gentlemen, am, to be sure, delighted to be honored by you, if in fact I am

human, and I feel gratitude and pray that the gods grant me the opportunity to show m yself to be the cause of some good for you. On the other hand, for me to be chosen by you as leader in preference to a Lacedaemonian who is present does not seem to me to be advantageous to you, but it seems that you would less likely obtain (your request) because o f this fact, if you should ask for anything from them [the Lacedaemonians]; and for me in turn I do not really think this is safe. For I observe that they [the Lacedaemonians] did not cease waging war against my country before they com pelled the entire city to acknowledge that Lacedaemonians were their leaders too. . . . And as for the notion that you have in mind, namely that there would be less discord with one man leading than with many, know well that if you pick someone else, you will not find me engaging in dissension; for I believe that whoever while involved in a war foments dissension against a leader, this man stirs up trouble against his own safety. But if you chose me, perhaps you would find someone becoming angry both at you and at me.

UNIT THIRTY-FOUR I.

1. oi ανΰρες οϋστινας ΰία λεγό μ ενος ό Σωκράτης έ λ ε γ χ ο ί τοΐς π α ρ ο νσ ιν εφαίνοντο ούδ'εν eibevaL, ώστε αύτώ ώργίζοντο.

2 . εάν αυτών κατηγορήσωμεν, ού ραδίω ί ήμΐν όμολογήσουσιν. 3. επεώ άν ό π ρ έσβυς ελθτ), τούτο ¿ρωτήσετε (ερήσεσθε) ή οϋ; 4. el τά ο π λα καί τα π λο ία καταλιπόντες τής νυκτος φ ύ γο ίεν, ovhev αν ε'ίη θαύμα.

II. 1. W hoever treats ambassadors unjustly pays the penalty, if not immediately, at least in the end. 2. If the three brothers steal without being noticed the weapons that the Thebans dedicated, they will become rich although they have done impious things.

46


3. At Athens in the old days the jurym en who after hearing the speeches of both sides cast their vote in accordance with justice and the laws were admired. 4. If you should run very swiftly, perhaps you would escape the danger. 5. In return for these things, whatever benefactions they might do now, they would get back gratitute both while alive and after the end of their lives. 6 . If the young man spends a lot because he is in love with the courtesan, it will not be good for his household, since it is already lacking in money. 7. It is fitting always to do whatever the wise recommend. 8 . (cf. Plato Parm. 126a) After I arrived at Athens, I met with Adeimantus and Glaucon in the marketplace. And Adeimantus, taking hold of my hand, said, “Greetings, Cephalus, and if you have need o f anything of the things here that we can do, tell (us).” I said, “But I am here for just this purpose, to make a request of you.” III. [Chremylos] 1 believe that this is clear to understand for all men equally, that it is just for the good among men to fare well, and for the wicked and godless to fare, surely, the opposite of this. So then, longing for (this), with difficulty have we discovered this, a way so that there arises a plan fine and noble and useful for every purpose. For if Wealth now gets his sight and does not go around being blind, he will make his way to the good among men and will not leave them, but the wicked and godless he will avoid. And then he will cause all men to be good and certainly rich and reverent toward divine things. And yet who could ever discover anything better than this for mankind? [Blepsidemos] No one could; I serve as your witness for this fact; don’t ask her at all. [Chremylos] For as life is now disposed for us humans, who would not believe that it is madness and, even more than that, accursed misfortune? For many among mortals who are wicked are wealthy, having collected their possessions unjustly; and many who are altogether virtuous are suffering bad fortune and are starving and for the most part spend their life with you [Poverty].

47

UNITS THIRTY-FOUR-THIRTY-FIVE

UNIT THIRTY-FIVE I.

1. έθαυμάσθησαν 2. ζηλωθησομένοις 3. σκεδασθήση 4. γνωσθησοιτο 5. πραχθήτε 6 . paye ισαν 7. μνησθώμεν

8 . οφθείην 9. τμηθήναι 10. εφάνη, έφάνθη 11. έπαινεσθήσεσθαι 12. β λ η θ έν 13. σ χειν

11. 1. aor pass inf of λα μ βά νω 2. 3 s fut pass ind of ποιέω 3. 1 p fut act ind of δ ια β ά λλω 4. 1 s fut pass ind of κωλύω 5. 2 p aor act ind of σ υγγιγν ώ σ κ ω 6 . 2 s aor pass ind of νομίζω 7. 3 p aor pass ind of τάττω 8. aor act inf of γαμέω 9. aor pass inf of αΐτιάομαι 10. gen p m aor pass part of άξιόω gen p n aor pass part of à f ιόω 1 1 . 3 s aor pass subj of πράττω 12. 3 s impf act ind of ζώ 1 3 . 2 s aor mid opt of έπιτίθημι 14. 1 s aor pass ind of έράω 15. dat s f aor pass part of κρατέω 16. 3 p aor pass subj of πείθω 17. nom s n aor pass part of κρύπτω

acc s n aor pass part of κρύπτω voc s n aor pass part o f κρύπτω 18. 3 p aor mid opt of όρμάω 19. acc s m fut pass part of αρπάζω nom s n fut pass part of αρπάζω acc s n fut pass part of αρπάζω voc s n fut pass part of αρπάζω 20. 3 s aor pass opt of ελαύνω 21 . 1 p aor pass ind of φ ο β έ ω /φ ο β έ ο μ α ι 22. 3 s aor pass ind of ερεω 23. fut pass inf of ηδομαι

14. νικών 15. άποδοιο 16. λά β ω μ εν 17. αιρεθησονται 18. έλπ ιεϊτε 19. διωγθείη 20 . ήσθείς

24. 1 s aor pass ind of έμ π ίμ π λ η μ ι 25. 3 p fut pass ind of εύρίσκω 26. 1 p aor pass opt of ζητέω 27. gen s m aor pass part of ηττάομαι

gen s n aor pass part of ηττάομαι

28. aor pass inf of μιμνήσκω 29. 3 s fut pass ind of α γ γ έ λ λ ω 30. 3 s aor pass ind of άνατίθημι 3 1 . 3 s im pf act ind of άνατίθημι 32. 1 p aor pass subj of άπάγω 33. 2 s près act opt of άπορέω 34. 2 p aor act ind of άπόδύω (intrans., 2nd, or strong aorist) 35. aor pass inf of γιγνώ σκω 36. nom p f aor pass part of δείκνυμι

voc p f aor pass part of δείκνυμι 37. 3 s aor pass ind of διδάσκω 38. acc s m aor pass part of δύναμαι

nom p n aor pass part of δύναμαι

acc p n aor pass part of δύναμαι voc p n aor pass part of δύναμαι 39. 2 p aor pass ind of οργίζομαι 40. 2 p aor pass subj of οργίζομαι 4 1 . 2 s aor pass ind of β ά λ λ ω 42. 2 p fut pass ind o f δηλόω

48


III. [Socrates] Indeed wondering at these (very) things I have been asking for some time now what in the world the power of the art of rhetoric is. For it appears to me as quite miraculous in its magnitude, when I consider it this way. [Gorgias] Yes, Socrates, (you certainly would call it miraculous) if should know all the facts, namely that so to speak it encompasses and controls under itself all the powers. And I ’ll tell you an important piece of evidence. For I have often in the past, when visiting with my brother or with the other physicians one of the sick who is not willing to drink a drug or to allow the physician to cut or bum [do surgery or cautery], though the physician was unable to persuade (the patient), / persuaded him, using no other craft than the art of rhetoric. And I also maintain that if a rhetorically skilled man and a physician went to a city, wherever you want, if it should be necessary for them to compete in speech in an assembly or in some other gathering as to which of the two ought to be chosen (elected) as physician, then the physician would make no showing at all, but the man who is able to speak would be chosen, if he should want to be. And if he should compete against any other skilled craftsman at all, the rhetorically skilled man would persuade (the assembly) to select him more (easily) than any other person would. For there is nothing about which the rhetorically skilled man would not speak more persuasively than any other of the skilled craftsmen before a crowd.

UNIT THIRTY-SIX I. 1. ovk έχρήν (έ'δει) τους νόμους 7Tpobibovat, ώ avbpes δίκασταί. 2 . ζάλωσαν αν είκοσι, όττλϊται έκείντ] rfj ημέρα d μη oi φυγάδζς eβοή θησαν. 3. d μη oi φύλακες kv τω ίερώ τής νυκτός 7ταρήσαν, oi χρημάτων άττορονντεs πάντα ταχέως άν εκλετττον. II. 1. Everyone should have fought even on behalf of the Thebans if the foreigners had besieged their city. 2. Then no one would have taken bribes from the enemy, but now every single man seeks to become a traitor. 3. The woman, leaving their children and husbands at home, were running to the mountain, different women from different directions (some from one direction, some from another). 4. (= Plato Phaedrus 227a) My dear Phaedrus, where (are you going) and from where (are you coming)? — From Lysias the son of Cephalus, Socrates, and I am going for a walk outside the city wall.

49

UNITS THIRTY-FIVE-THIRTY-SEVEN

5. (= Plato Phaedrus 237b-c) On every subject, child, there is a single (proper) beginning for those who are going to deliberate well: one must know that concerning which the deliberation is (taking place), or else one must miss the entire goal. 6 . (cf. Xen. Anab. 6.6.17-19) I did this at the order neither of Xenophon nor of anyone else. But when I saw a good man, one of my fellow-soldiers, being led (along) by Dexippos, whom you know betrayed you, it seemed terrible to me. And I took the man away (from Dexippos) by force, I admit it. III. I would consider it of great importance, gentlemen, that you should show yourselves to be for me exactly the sorts of judges concerning this affair that you would be for yourselves if you had suffered such treatment. For I know full well that if you should hold the very same opinion concerning other men as you do concerning yourselves, there would not be anyone who would fail to be vexed at the things that occurred; rather you would all consider the penalties applying to those who practice such behavior small. And these matters would not be judged thus only among you, but in all of Greece. For concerning this crime alone both under a democracy and under an oligarchy the same right to vengeance has been granted to the weakest citizens against those who have the greatest power, so that the lowliest man receives the same rights as the noblest. To such a degree, gentlemen, do all men consider this (form of) insolence most dreadful. Now then, as far as the magnitude of the penalty is concerned, I believe that you all hold the same notion, and that no one is o f such a careless disposition [who =] that he believes those who are responsible for such deeds ought to receive pardon or deems them worthy of a small penalty.

UNIT THIRTY-SEVEN I. 1. 3 p perf act ind of ομνυμι 2 . perf act inf of ρίπτω 3. nom p m perf m/p part of μιμνήσκω

voc p m perf m/p part of μιμνήσκω

4. 3 s perf m/p ind of κρύπτω 5 .3 s perf m/p ind of φ υλάττω 6 . nom s n perf act part of συμ βα ίνω

acc s n perf act part of συμ βα ίνω

voc s n perf act part of σ υμ βα ίνω

7. 2 p perf m/p ind of διαλέγομαι 8 . 2 p perf act ind of ακούω 9. nom p n perf m/p part of δοκέω acc p n perf m/p part of δοκέω voc p n perf m/p part of δοκέω 10.3 p perf m/p ind of κτάομαι


50

11. acc s m perf (2 ) act part of

acc s η perf act part of μανθάνω voc s n perf act part of μανθάνω 24. perf act inf of πράττω 25. dat p m perf act part of πίνω dat p n perf act part of πίνω 26. gen p f perf act part of έσθίω 27. 1 p perf m/p ind of πννθάνομαι 28. gen s m perf m/p part of

άπόλλνμι

nom p n perf (2 ) act part of άπόλλνμι

acc p n perf (2) act part of άπόλλνμ i

voc p n perf ( 2) act part of άπόλλνμι

12. acc s f perf ( 1) act part of

οργίζομαι

gen s n perf m/p part o f

άττόλλνμι

13. 1 p perf act ind of β λ ά π τ ω 14. 2 s perf m/p ind o f τάττω 15. 3 s perf act ind of φ ώ γ ω 16. acc p m perf m/p part of τιμάω 17. dat s m perf act part of

οργίζομαι

29. gen p f perf act part o f Ζρχομαι 30. 3 p f perf m/p subj of πιστεύω 3 1. 2 p perf m/p ind of σττένδω 32. 2 s perf act ind o f φαίνω 33. perf act inf o f π έμπω 34. 1 p perf act ind of -πάσχω 35. 3 p perf m/p opt of κτάομαι 36. perf m/p inf o f τίμ νω 37. 1 p perf m/p ind o f ηττάομαι 38. 1 s perf act ind o f νομίζω 39. 3 p perf act ind of θαυμάζω 40. 1 s perf act ind o f έρέω

λανθάνω

dat s n perf act part of λανθάνω 18. perf act inf of τάττω 19. perf m/p inf of καλέω 20 . 1 p perf m/p ind of τρέφω 21 . perf m/p inf of τρέπω 22. 3 p perf act ind of τίθημι 23. nom s n perf act part of μανθάνω

II. 1. 'έρριφας / βέ β λ η κ α ς 2 . τζτιμήμζθα 3. μζμισηκέναι

8 . ηύρηκότες 9. μζμαθήκοι / μεμαθηκως ζϊη / μεμαθηκυΐα (ΐη 10. προδΐδομέναις 11. κεκωλνκοιμι / κίκωλνκυΐα ε'ίην 12. γεγ^νημένα

4. ήζιώκασι(ν) 5. ήρπασμένοι ώσι(ν) / ηρπασμέναι ώσι(ν) 6 . παφοβησθαι 7. κέκ,ληται

III. 1. αίρησ«

el\t e\rj

αίροίη, αίροΐ

αίρήσοι

ekoL

aipeîv

ολρήσζιν

é\tîi>

αίρων

αίρήσω ν

ΐλ ώ υ

a ip tî aîpf)

rjpei

ψηκί flpVKJI / JIPVKÙS (ifp-ηκνια) y ήρήκοι ! ίιρηκως (τιρηκυϊα) (ϊη ■ρρηκέναι ¿¡ρηκώς

UNIT THIRTY-SEVEN aipeiT at

aipiicreTcu

aiprirai.

51 ei'Xero

fipr^Tai

eKrjTai

fiprjixivos (f)pr)p.ivrj, fiprjpevov) 77 fip-qp.evos (r\pr)p.ivr), r\pr\p.tvov) erq

aipoiTO

dipr/crono

eKoiro

a ip d a d a i

aipr/aecrdai

iX ia d a i

gpf/adai

aipovp.tvo's

a[pj)
ik o p .tv o s

i)pr)pAvo'i

aipedriO'eTai

fipidr/

aipe6ria-OLTO

alpeOeiq

fip e h o

a ’tpedfi aipeO riaeadai

a lp fd ijva i

aipiOrjaop.tvo's

aipedeis

6'qaere

'¿dere

TedriKere

OrjTt.

TiQr)Kt]Ti / rt6r)K 0rts (redrtK viai )

2. rid ere

Ti69)Ti

rjre T id tiT t, T iQ iirjT i

Q qaoue

d u r e , d e iijT t

TtdriKOiTt / Tt6r)KOTfs (TedrjK viai)

r id e m t

dijcreiv

ddvai

redriKevai

n d e is

dijaoiv

6 tis

TtdrjK w s

Orjcreade

eOetrde

redeiade

ci7}T€ ( d r e )

h id e r t rideade Tidfjade

Orjade

Te6ei.fJ.evOL (reQeijj.evaL) rjre

riQeicrde

Q'qaoicrQe

Qeicrdt

re Q tijxevo i (Te6eifj.evai) e'iqre (eiYe)

riOeaOai

drjaea-dai

OeaQai

TedelaO at

Tidep-evos

Qrjcrop.tvo's

9ep.evo$

T tde.ip.ivos

T€6ii
ereOqTe

reO ria o ia d e

r td d r jr e /

Ttdiiaeadai

reQfjvai

TfdricrdpLtvos

Tedeii

hideade

redfjre

red d re

3. p in r o v a i

p ty o v a t

pLTTTOjai

eppt\j/ap

eppl(paai

pi\j/U>
kppieputtn. / eppKpdres (epptvtai) eppicpotev / e p p u p ire s (eppttpviai)

OXTt

pinTOLiv

p i^/o ie v

pi\j/a iev /

pirrreiv

p ty e iv

p ty a i

eppupevai

pinT iov

p i ijrmv

pi\j/as

epp icfaos

pi\j/eiai>

tp p n rro v

eiev (e'iqaav)

52 piiTTovTai

Answer Key to Introduction to Attic Greek p ty o v T a i

pLTTTMVTaL

eppL\j/avro

eppip p evo i (ep p ip p eva i) eicri

pi\j/MVTai

eppip.fj.tvoi ( eppLfxpevaL) uicri

pilTTOlVTO

pi\j/0LVT0

ptyaiVTO

eppLp.jj.evOL ( eppip,p.evaL) elev

piTTTeadai

p ty e a Q a i

pi\fra
e p p ty d a i

pLTrrdpevo^

pi\jf6peV0'S

piyl/ap.evos

eppip p evo ?

pKpOijiTovTai / pu^-qaovraL

eppicpdTjcrav /

(elrjaav)

tppilTTOVTO

eppi6&)(TL /

pL(j>UO(TL

pi(p6ri(T0LVT0 / pi§r\CTOLVTO

pitydelev / puf)6eir}
pL^ti-qaav papdr/o-ea'dai / pLtp-jcrecrdat pupdrjadpevos /

f>L(j)6T]vai / pupijvaL p L (f> 6 e i s / p i x e l ' s

puf>ricr6p,evos

4. f i 0v k e v 0p.ev

¡3ovkevaopev

fio vkeviapev

¿¡3ovkevaapev fio vk e va m p e v

fit fiovkiVK.ap.ev fiefiovkevKtaptv / f ie f io v k e V K o r a

(f3 e /3 o v \fv * v ia i)
fiovkevaoLpev

fio v k e v a a ip e v

¡3e/3ovkevKoifiev /

f3ej3ovkevKOTes {fiejiovkevKviaL) elptev (tiijpLev) f io v k e ie L V

fiovkeixreLV

¡¡SovkevcraL

fitfio v k e v K e v a i

fio vk evio v

/3ovkevau iv

fH ovkevaas

fiej3ovkevK w i

e fio v k e v o p tv jiovkevopeO a

fiovh tvvdfxeda

fiovkevw p.e6a

efiovkevcrap.eOa

¡3ej3ovkevne6a

/3 ovkevcroip.eOa

fiefio vk e v yx v o i

fiovkevcraipeda

fiefio vk e v p .ivo i

(f3ef3ovktvy.eva i) ¿>p.ev f3ovkevoip.e$a

jiovkevcroLpeOa

(fiefio vk e v p ev a i) elpev (eirjpLev) ¡3ov\evtcrdai

fto vk eva etrd a i

fiovkevaacrdaL

fiefiovkevtrdai

f3ovkev6p.evos

f3ovkevcr6p.evo$

f3ovkevcrdpevos

fiefio v k e v p e v o s

efiovkevop.e6a

UNITS THIRTY-SEVEN-THIRTY-EIGHT

¡iovktv6rjaoiJ.t8a

53

tfiovktv(h]ixf.v

f3ovhev6wiJ.ev ¡3ovk£v6t]o-oL\j.i6a

/3 ovkev8eirjfj.ev /

fiovkevdeifjiev ¡3ovkev8riat(rdaL

¡iovktvO rjvai

¡3ovkev8ri(r6iJ.evos

fto vk e vd e is

III. I believe, gentlemen, that I must demonstrate this fact, that Eratosthenes com mitted adultery with my wife and both corrupted her and shamed my children and wantonly insulted me myself, coming into my house, and that there was no enmity between me and him except for this one, nor did I do this for the sake of money, in order to become rich instead of poor, nor for the sake of any other profit except the retribution provided for by the laws. Well then, I shall show to you all of my own affairs from the beginning, leaving nothing out, but telling the true facts. For I believe this course is my only means of safety, if I prove able to tell you all the things that have been done. For, Athenians, when I decided to marry and took a wife into my house, for the (other =) whole earlier period of time I was so disposed that neither did I vex (my wife) nor was it too much in her own power to do whatever she wanted, and I kept guarding her as much as was possible and I paid attention, just as was reasonable. But when a child was bom to me, from that time I trusted her and turned over all my [household] affairs to her, believing that this [the birth of our child] was the greatest bond of intimacy.

UNIT THIRTY-EIGHT I. ( 1) καί. μη Sets υμών ημάς τούς "Έ λλη νας νομίστ) κάκιον εχειν ότι οί τού Κύρου στρατιώται, καίπερ πρόσθεν σ υν ήμϊν ταττόμενοι, νυν άφεστήκασιν. (2) οΰτοί γάρ ετι κακίονές εισι τών ύφ' ημών ήττημένων. (3) καταλιπόντες γάρ ημάς ¿κείνους εφ υγον. (4) π ο λ ύ be κρεΐττον (β έ λ τ ιο ν , άμεινον) τούς ¿θέλοντας φ υ γή ς άρχειν σ ύν τοϊς πολεμίοις ταττομένους όράν ή έν ττ) ημετέρα τάζει. (5) καί μή φ οβ η θ ή τε τούς τών π ο λε μ ίω ν ιππέας, καίπερ π ο λ λ ο ύ ς όντας. II. T hucydides of A thens com posed (this account of) the w ar o f the Peloponnesians and Athenians, how they waged war against each other, having made his beginning immediately when the war was starting and having expected that it would be great and most noteworthy in comparison with those that occurred e a rlie r.. . . For this unrest came about as extremely large for the Greeks and for some part of the non-Greeks, and, so to speak, even (extended)


54

to reach a very great portion of mankind. For the events before these and the events every more ancient it was impossible* to discover reliably because of the great passage of time, but from the indications which it comes about that I trust when I investigate to the greatest possible extent (in time), I do not believe that they [the earlier events] were great either in connection with the wars or in other respects. For it is clear that the land now called Hellas has not been firmly settled from long ago, but clearly there were migrations previously and each group easily used to leave its own territory when forced out by some group that was on each occasion more numerous. *1 follow Classen-Steup (who cite parallels) in interpreting αδύνατα ην as an archaic use of the neuter plural where other Attic prose authors would use singular αδύνατον ην: thus the subject is εύρεΐν, the object of which is τα . . . τταΚαίτΐρα. Some instead treat τα . . . τταλαίτερα as nominative subject and εύρεΐν as epexegetic infinitive.

UNIT THIRTY-NINE I.

1. ό Κΰ/309 σ τρ α τιώ τα ί καί χρήματα άθροίζων διετέλει ecus ό βα σ ιλεύς τον αδελφόν τι έπ ιβ ο υ λ ε ύ ε ιν ύπώιττευσεν. 2. ecus αν εις την θάλατταν ρέωσ ιν οί ποταμοί, οΐ άνθρωποι σώζεσθαι πειρά-

σονται. 3. i d yap) άποθάνοιμι π ρ ϊν τοιοντό τι γενέσθαι. 4. τούς τον χειμώνος πλέοντας εύλα β εϊσ θ α ι Set οπως μη οί άνεμοι αυτούς άπατήσουσιν. / τούς του γειμώνος π λέοντας εύλα βεϊσθαι bei οπως μη οί άνεμοι αυτούς άπατωσιν. 5. ούκ eta ό Φ ίλιπ π ο ς τούς π ρ έσβεις οί απαντάν πριν οί φ ίλο ι αντου τα της πόλεως πράγματα διαφθείρειαν.

II. Being in such a predicament I decided to take a risk, since being put to death was already close to hand. And after summoning Damnippos I say this to him: “You happen to be a close acquaintance of mine, and I have now come into your house, and I am guilty of no wrong, but am being destroyed for the sake of money. You, therefore, furnish to me, who am suffering these things, your own power eagerly disposed toward my salvation.” And he promised that he would do this. But it seemed better to him to make mention of it to Theognis. For he believed that he (Theognis) would do anything if someone would offer him money. And while that man was conversing with Theognis (since I happened to be knowledgeable about the house and I knew that it had a door at either end), I decided to try to save m yself by that way, considering that, if I

55

UNITS THIRTY-EIGHT-FORTY

get away unseen, I would be saved, while if I get caught, I believed that, on the one hand, if Theognis should have been persuaded by Damnippos to accept money, I would be let go none the less, and on the other hand, if not [if Theognis had not agreed], I was going to die all the same. III. Now then, the truth is like this, and you will recognize it, if you move on to more im portant things, finally leaving aside philosophy. For, you know, Socrates, philosophy is a charming thing, if one touches upon it in moderation in the prime of one’s youth. But if one spends one’s time in it farther along than is proper, it is the ruination o f men. For if one is indeed very greatly innately gifted and practices philosophy far along in o n e’s prim e, one inevitably turns out to be inexperienced in all the things in which the man who is going to be noble-and-good and famous must be experienced. For indeed such men become inexperienced in the laws that operate in the city, and in the speeches that one m ust use when associating with o n e’s fellow men in contractual transactions both in private life and in public, and in the pleasures and desires that are hum an, and to sum it up, they becom e com pletely inexperienced in human behavior. So whenever they become involved in some private or civic activity, they turn out to be ridiculous, exactly as, I suppose, the politically savvy, when in turn they get involved in your pastimes and discussions, are ridiculous.

UNIT FORTY I.

1. nom p f aor pass part of t L6t)p.i voc p f aor pass part of t ÎQthu 2 . 2 p fut pass ind of ηδομαι 3 . 2 s aor act impt of naiœ nom s n fut act part of 7tougü acc s n fut act part of muoo voc s n fut act part of tïolLüù 4 .2 s aor pass opt of ρήγνυμι 5. nom s m fut pass part of κρίνω 6 . 3 s fut mid opt of τρέχω 7. nom s n aor pass part of ôpLokoyécû

acc s n aor pass part of ôfiokoyéüt) voc s n aor pass part of ¿¡xoXoyéœ

8 . nom p n perf m/p part of kpyaCpiMi

acc p n perf m/p part of kpya(pp.ai voc p n perf m/p part of εργάζομαι 9 .2 s aor act impt of άπολαμβάνω 10. nom s f aor act part of τίκτω voc s f aor act part of τίκτω 11. aor act inf of απέχω 12. 3 p perf m/p subj of κτάομαι 1 3 . 1 s aor act subj of λανθάνω 14. 3 p aor pass ind of ρέω 15. 2 p fut mid ind of βουλεΰω


56

16. 2 s aor pass impt of μιμνήσκω 17. 3 s aor act impt of διώκω 18. 2 p pres act impt o f σκοττέω 2 p pres act ind of σκοττέω 19. 2 s pres act impt of χαίρω 20 . 2 s pres act impt of ( ύ σ ί β ί ω 21 . 2 p perf act impt of oiha 2 p perf act ind of oiba 22. 3 p masc perf act impt of όμ ο\ο γέω

23. aor act inf of β ο ν λ ε ύ ω 24. 3 p perf act ind of πειράω

25. 2 s aor act opt of vikcluo 26. 2 s aor mid impt of ayœ 27. 3 p près act impt of àTrarao)

gen p m près act part of ¿Traraw gen p n près act part of anrarâw 28. 2 s aor act impt of KaroAeiVa) 29. 2 p aor mid impt of o-KeVro/nai 30. dat s m perf act part of 7iaûw dat s n perf act part o f navuj 31. 3 p fem perf m/p ind of 32. 2 s aor act impt of KaraTÎQr\p.i 33. 3 s perf m/p impt n o f reÀe'oj

II. 1. TTejiyj/ov, Trep.if/aTw, 7re/rv//are, 7rep.yj/avT(t)V

.

2 yiy v o v , ytyveaO co, yiyveaOe, yiyvtaQ w v 3. e7H u 5ecro, ¿iriTideado}, liTLTidtade, eriLTidearOow 4. awdrjTi, aoiOqTa), arwdijre, aoodevrojv 5. nrapacrypv, uapaa-yia-Qui, ttapatrêaBe, Trapaa-âOoiv 6 . avayvoiQi, avayvoDToj, avayvw re, avayvovTuiv

III. For there was once a time when the gods existed, but mortal species did not exist. And when the fated time of birth came for these too, the gods mold them inside the earth com bining them out of earth and fire and those things, however many are blended with earth and fire. And when they were about to lead them toward the light, they assigned to Prometheus and Epimetheus the task o f adorning and distributing faculties to each group as is proper. Epi metheus asks Prometheus as a favor that he himself do the distributing, “ and after I have distributed,” he said, “inspect (my work).” And thus persuading him (Prom etheus) he (Epim etheus) apportions. A nd in apportioning he attached to some strength without swiftness, but the w eaker creatures he equipped with swiftness. . . . Now since he was not really very smart, Epimetheus did not realize that he had used up the faculties on the brute animals. Now the human race still remained for him unequipped, and he was at a loss as to how he was to deal with the situation. And while he is in this puzzlement, Prometheus comes to him to inspect the distribution, and he sees that all the other animals are suitably provided with everything, but mankind is naked and without covering for the feet and without bedding and without armor. And already the fated day was present, on which mankind too had to go out of the earth into the light.

57

UNITS FORTY-FORTY-ONE

UNIT FORTY-ONE I. I. 3 p plup act ind of αθροίζω 2 .3 s plup act ind of ομνυμι 3 .2 p aor mid subj of άλλά ττω 4. 1 s fut perf m/p ind o f παύω 5 .3 s plup m/p ind of εργάζομαι 6 . nom p n perf m/p part o f γράφω acc p n perf m/p part of γράφω voc p n perf m/p part of γράφω 7 .3 s plup m/p ind of ε λέγχ ω 8.2 s plup m/p ind of δείκνυμι 9. lst perf act inf of δεδοικα 10. acc s f perf act part of έπ ισ τ έ λ λ ω

II. 1. φαίνοντος 2 . ύπ όσχη 3 ,ώφθαι / εωράσθαι 4. τετμημέναις 5. τελοίμ εν / τελοίημεν 6 . συνετεθήκει(ν) 7. ριφθέν / ριφέν 8 .δ ι ασκεδώτε / διασκεδώητε 9. προδοθήναι 10. πολεμήσοντας 11. εμ πλήσαιμι

11. aor act inf of άφίημι 12. pres act inf of άπειμι (go away) 13. 1 p 2nd perf act ind of (άπο)θνήσκω 14. 2nd perf act inf of άφίστημι 1 5 . 2 s aor act impt of γιγνώ σκω 16.1 s plup act ind of βα ίνω 17. perf act inf of εργομαι 1 8 . 2 s perf act ind of εοικα 1 9 . 3 s futperf m/p ind of καλέω 20. 3 p fem futperf m/p ind of γυμνάζω

12. όρχουμέντβ 13. ημαρτήκης 14. μεμνησόμεθα 15. εδεδίεσαν / έδέδισαν / εδεδοίκεσαν 16. έβ έ β λ η σ θ ε 1 7 . ηρμάσμην 18. επ ισ τελλ έτω 19. η γ γ ε λ τ ο * 20 . κόψασθαι

*Before the corrected 3rd printing: ηγγελτο or ήγγελμένα ην [late].

m. (1) προς ταύτα άναστάς Χ ενοφώ ν ύπερ των στρατιωτών ε'ιπεν (2) ημείς, ώ ανδρες πρέσβεις, ήκομεν χ α λ ε π ώ ς (μόγις) τα σώματα και τά ο π λ α σωσάμενοι. (3) ού γαρ ην δυνατόν άμα τά χρήματα φ έρ ειν και τοις π ολεμ ίοις μάχεσθαι. (4) και οποι αν ελθόντες αγοράν μή εχωμεν, λ α μ β ά ν ο μ ε ν τά επιτήδεια ούχ ύβρ ει α λ λ ά άνάγκτ). IV. So then, gripped by doubt as to what salvation he could find for mankind, Prometheus steals the artistic skill of Hephaestus and Athena together with fire —for it was impossible for it [this skill] to become capable o f being


58

possessed by anyone or useful to anyone without fire— and thus indeed he makes a gift (of them) to mankind. Now then, although man obtained in this way the skill concerned with (maintenance of) life, he did not have political skill. For this was at Z eus’ side. . . . And since mankind partook of a divine portion, first because of his kinship with the divine he alone of animals believed in the gods, and he attempted to found altars and images of the gods; secondly he quickly articulated the sound of the voice and words by the use of art, and he discovered for him self dwellings and forms o f clothing and foot wear and forms of bedding and nourishment from the earth. Equipped, then, like this, in the beginning people used to live scattered here and there, and there were no cities. Therefore they used to be destroyed by the wild beasts because they were weaker than the animals in all places, and the craftsm en’s art was a sufficient helper for them with regard to nourishment, but with regard to the war of the wild beasts it was deficient— for they did not yet have political skill, a part of which is the art of warfare— thus they used to seek to gather themselves together and to preserve themselves by founding cities. W henever, then, they were gathered together, they used to wrong each other because they did not have the political skill, so that again they were scattered and kept being destroyed.

UNIT FORTY-TWO I.

1. 1 p 2nd plup act ind of SedoLKa / SeSia 2. 3 p 2nd plup act ind of at/HOTTjjiu 3. nom p m perf act part of Tpetpw voc p m perf act part of rpicpco 4. fut mid inf of rvyyavoi 5. 1 s aor pass opt of (paivoo 6 . perf m/p inf of (e v y v v p i 7. 3 s pres act opt of ¿pcoraco 8. 3 p fut mid ind of rpe)(o) 9. 2 p aor act impt of criydco 10. pres act inf of uxpekioj 11. aor act inf of oêi'Aco 12. 3 p n perf m/p subj of

1 3 . 2 s aor act impt of ¿\eyxoj 14. nom s m verbal in -reo? of
1 5 . 2 s aor act impt of avyyiyvaxTKw

16. perf act inf o f ofxvvpi 17. 1 s plup act ind of 7raua> 18. dat p m aor pass part of

7ropevoo dat p n aor pass part of itopevm 19. perf m/p inf of viKaco 20 . 2 p perf act subj of oi5a 21 . 2 s pres m/p ind of bLavoeop.ai 2 s pres m/p subj of Staôeojuat

T eA e v rd c o *

* B e fo re th e c o rre c te d 3rd p rin tin g : 3 p n e u te r p lu p m /p in d n o f TiKevroLM [late form ].

59

UNITS FORTY-ONE-FORTY-TWO

II. 1. όργίζωνται 2 . όμνύναι 3. μεμιαηκότων 4 . κλαπής 5. καταλελείμμεθα 6 . ζεύξαντα

7. επιδεικνύτ) 8 . διωχθήσεσθαι 9. διδαχθησομένας 10. διαβληθεΐτε / διαβληθείητε 11. άττοστήσομαί 12. ήγνόηντο

III. ( 1) καί v w 67rei ets ra s 'Ε λληνικας πόλεις ήλθομεν, εν μεν εκείνη (παρεΐχον yap ήμΐν αγοράν) εϊχομεν τα επιτήδεια, και άνθ’ ών ετίμησαν ημάς ώφελο ϋμ εν αυτούς. (2 ) τούς δε π ολεμ ίους αύτών εφ' ούς αύτο'ι ήγοΐντο κακώς εποιοϋμ εν δσον εδννάμεθα. (3) ούτοι δε, ονς ύμετερους φατε είναι, et τι αύτών ε ίλ ή φ α μ ε ν , αύτο'ι αίτιοί ε ί σ ι ν (4) ού γαρ φ ί λ ι ο ι ήμΐν ήσαν, ούτε ε'ίσω ημάς δεχόμενοι ούτε εζω αγοράν πεμποντες.

IV. So then, Zeus, becoming afraid for our race, lest it be entirely destroyed, sends Hermes bringing a sense of shame and justice to mankind, in order that there might be organizations of cities and unifying bonds of friendship. So Hermes asks Zeus in what manner he was to give justice and shame to mankind: “As the crafts have been apportioned, so too am I to distribute these (qualities)? And the crafts have been apportioned as follows: one man having the physician’s skill is sufficient to serve many laymen, and (likewise) the other craftsmen. Am I to place justice and shame too in this way in men, or am I to distribute them to all?” “To all,” said Zeus, “and let all have a share. For cities would not be created if only a few should partake of them as they do of other crafts. And establish a law on my authority that they put to death as a source of disease of the city anyone who is unable to have a share of shame and justice.” In this way, then, Socrates, and for these reasons both other man and the Athenians believe that a few men have a share of deliberation whenever the discussion is about excellence in building and any other excellence related to a craft, and if anyone outside of the few (experts) gives advice, they do not put up with it, as you say— reasonably so, as I say— but when they enter into debate over political excellence, which must entirely involve righteousness and self-control, reasonably they are willing to listen to every man, in the belief that it is fitting for every man to have a share of this virtue or else that there be no cities.

Answer Key corrections incorporated in 3rd printing (2003) p. 8, U7, Ex. III.4: διά το ύ μακρού βίου p. 23,U 18, Ex. 11.19: έξέσται p. 27, U22, Ex. 1.5: π ά σ α ι αί γυναίκες / π ά σ α ι γυναίκες p. 28, U22, Ex. III.2: ai γράες το ν μέν άνδρα εφασαν πλούσιον κτλ. ρ. 35, U27, Ex. 1.9: τ ώ β α ρ β ά ρ ω πειθόμεθα κτλ. ρ. 42, U32, Ex. 1.3: 1 ρ pres m/p subj of ό μ ο λ ο γέω p. 51, 3rd col., middle of page: read τέθεισθε for τέθειται p. 55, U40, Ex. 1.5: delete the second identification (as voc s) p. 57, U41, Ex. 11.13: ήμαρτήκης

Other corrections [there will no further printings of Key to the first edition] p. 6, U6, Ex. III.4: (from 7th printing of textbook on) read “after the attempt” (previously “in pursuit of the children”—poetic) p. 11, U10 Ex. II.7: δίκαιοί έστε. / δίκαιαί έστε. p. 23, U18, Ex. II.1: for (εύ) read (ούκ εύ) U18, Ex. IV.5: remove false spacing in τά p. 48, U36, Ex. II.3: read “women” for “w om an” p. 51, 3rd col., middle of page: read τεθήκατε for τεθήκετε p. 54, line 2: read “even” for “every” p. 59, U42, Ex. III.3: read δέ, for δέ,

Correction History: Mastronarde, Introduction to Attic Greek (updated May 2007)

(8th) p. 11, last line of explanation for kappa: read “before β , δ, λ, and sometimes y . ” (8th) p. 14, 5th line from top: read “curved stroke” for “crown” c,

p. 14, 6.a, third line: diacritic on ουτο? fixed p. 14, 6.b, third line: period added at end of line p. 14, 6.d, first line: read “diphthong” for “dipthong” (10th) p. 19: incorrect header (introduced in 8th) corrected (8th) p. 19, 12.a: modified to include 2-syll. encl. after final circumflex: a. A word accented on U keeps its circumflex or acute (the acute is not changed to a grave, because it is no longer felt to be on the final syllable of its word unit; the circumflex followed by two syllables in the third example is the conventional treatment, but anomalous in theory). Ex. αγαθός τις, άγαθώ τω, των αγαθών eort ρ. 19, 12.b: modified to include mention of circumflex on enclitic τινώ ν, example added: b. A word accented with an acute on P is unchanged in accent before anenclitic. But a disyllabic enclitic following such a word receives an accent on its second syllable, usually an acute (in isolation or before punctu-ation) or a grave (in a connected context), but in one case by convention a circumflex (genitive plural indefinite τινών)'. that is, the word unit receives a second accent if more than one mora follows the contonation. E x.

λόγος τις, λόγω τινί, λόγω τινι καλώ, λόγων τινών

(7th) ρ. 24, §2 under nominative, third line: read Unit 7.6 for Units 5 and 11 p. 37, Ex. 11.29: read τραπέζαις for γωραις p. 40, 3.d, second to last line: read our for out (7th) p. 41, entry for μετά + acc.: for “into the middle of; in pursuit of; after” read “after (of time or rank) ” (7th) p. 41, entry for παρά: for παρά + dat.

by the side of, at the house of

παρά + dat.

by the side of, at the house of (almost always with a person as object)

read

(7th) p. 42, remove entry μετά robs όπλίτας

(movement) in pursuit o f ox after the hoplites

1


and place new entry after the o ther tw o acc. exam ple fo r ¡¿era ¿era rovw deovw (rank) after the gods (7th) p. 44, E x.III.4, change to ¿ e r a r 0 v p e l p a v p. 44, Ex. III.15, correct breathing: odov [this correction undone in 7th printing, repaired in 8th] (7th) Ex. IV .5, change to “after the v icto ry ” p. 45, A , line 8: read vieille for vielle (7th) p. 52 voc. entry f i l i o w read friendly, friendly to (+ dat. of person); beloved

p. 59, line 10: read They g a v e for The g a v e (8th) p. 59, line 6 from bottom : read “in d ic a tiv e ” for “in d ic a tio n ” (7th) p. 62, Ex. III.8 read ppow rfi g e f v p a instead o f p a p a rfi g e f v p a p. 71, 5.a.(1), line 4: read “U 2 2 .5 ” fo r U 2 2 .6 ” p. 77, line 8 from bottom : read es f i n d e t sich fo r es sich fi n d e t (8th) p. 79, last line: change cross-reference to [see p. 132 n. 1] (7th) p. 80, definition o f y iy v o m a i; add definition “o c c u r”; that is, read com e into being, be born, b ecom e; occur [genus] p. 81, top line: add ( p a p a ) after p a p a k e l e v o m a i p. 105, Ex. III.5: read ' H p a k l e a fo r ' H p a k l'q [the latter is poetic] (10th) p. 106, footnote 1 changed to read as follows: 1. T his form derives from a dat. pl. ending - a s i (cf. the ending in the nouns in §2 below ), b ut w ith the vow el assim ilated to that o f the other cases. p. 110, footnote, line 1: read 7.210 for 7.120 p. 116, 4, active paradigm , form s in parentheses: rem ove excess accents on first syllable in 2nd and 3rd dual, 1st and 2nd plural ( " k i e r o v , " Keerrjv, " keom ev, " k e e r e ) p. 119, Ex. III.3: after kqpvkaw add “ [heralds]” p. 123, lines 4 and 6: m ore space before and after double-underlined w ord

2


p. 125, first line o f footnote: read “co n sid e red ” fo r “c o n sid e rd ” p. 125, last tw o lines o f footnote: read S v K p a r r for S v K p a r r v (7th) p. 126 note 2: add “ ; present is poetic, other tenses and com pounds used in p ro se .” (8th) p. 128, last line: read: e p a i v e v , e p a i v e s o m a i o r e p a i v e s v ) . p. 131, 7, second sentence: replace w ith In fact the future “m id d le ” is in origin a m iddle/passive form and in som e verbs (e.g., a y v , a d iK ev, a p y v , e y v , l e y v , l e i p v , f e p v ) it can be used as a passive: (8th) p. 131, 8, add sentence after “e s r a i . ”: B ecause o f the loss o f this syllable, the com pounds are also accented on the penult in this form : p a p e s r a i , a p e s r a i , e j e s r a i . (8th) p. 132, Ex. I.15: read e j e s r a i (8th) p. 133

I.30; change to e p a i v e s e r a i

p. 133, Ex. II. 13: change to “he w ill in d ic t” p. 134, line 12 o f table, second colum n: change le a d to begin (8th) p. 135, fourth line from top: replace e p a i v e s v w ith e p a i v e s o m a i third line from bottom : read p a p a s K e v a ^ v (correct accent) (8th) p. 144, Ex. III.2, 2nd line, correct font o f om icron in e f v y o v Ex. III.2, last line: correct K a T r y o p q s a T o to K a r r y o p r s e p. 146, footnote, last line: read II.4 for I.4 p. 147, 3, line 6: read S v K p a r r for S v K p a r r v p. 152, Ex. II.19: change to “she w ill conceal h e rse lf” p. 152, Ex. III.1, line 1: read E v f i l r r o w fo r ’E p a r o s d e v r w and rem ove hyphen from d iK a s-ra iw (now on one line) p. 153, Ex. III.6: after KqpvKa add “ [h erald ]” p. 155, 3, second sentence: replace w ith T he diphthong appears in nom . voc. sing. and dat. pl. o f all types and also in acc. sing. and pl. of nouns in a v or ov. p. 156, paradigm o f “sh ip ”, acc. sing.: read v a v v for v q a

3


(4th) p. 156, line 13, second colum n from right: replace ν έ ω ν w ith νε,ών 'i '

's '

p. 157, 5.b, line 5: read η ν fo r η σ α ν (6th) p. 157, 5.c, second line: delete “, the v e r y ” (6th) p. 159, 5.c, definition fo r αυτός: delete “, the v ery ” (8th) p. 168, 2nd to last line o f Greek: change § π α ι ν έ σ ο υ σ ί to § π α ι ν έ σ ο ν τ α ί p. 169, 2, last line: read “and, for the verbs learned here, on P in the ao rist” fo r “and on P in the ao rist” p. 170, line 1: read U 19.8b fo r U 19.7b p. 170, line 9: read διδω-, dido- fo r δω-, βοp. 170, footnote: read (U 19.8d) for (U 19.7d) (7th) p. 173, add to line to entry on δίδω μι so that it reads δίδωμι, δώσω, εδωκα δίκην δίδωμι

give; (pres. + imperf.) offer; grant, allow apodosis] pay a (the) penalty, be punished

[antidote,

(8th) p. 177, end o f 3: change “m iddle/passive” to “m iddle(-passive)” (8th) p. 178, line 6 of para. 4: add after “A ttic prose” : (the sim ple form ϊ β η ν is poetic, b ut com pounds like α ν έ β η ν and δ ι έ β η ν occur in prose) p. 180, Ex. I.29: read π ρ ο σ ά ν τ ο fo r π ρ ο ε ΐ ν τ ο p. 180, Ex. I.40: read π α ρ ώ ί δ ο τ ο fo r π α ρ έ δ ο τ ο (10th) p. 181, 4, line 4: correct to rough breathing on α ίρέω (7th) p. 182, add footnote m arker 2 after μ ε,γ α λ - and add footnote as follow s V ocatives μεγάλε., μ ε γ ά λ η , μ έ γ α are found in poetry and later G reek. (8th) p.183, line 2 o f para. 2; fo r (through 200) read (up to 200) (8th) p. 192, lines 1-2 o f G reek in first table: add com m a betw een α γ ο υ σ α and α γ ο ν and betw een α ζ ο υ σ α and α ζ ο ν (6th) p. 194, 6th line of top paradigm : add opening parenthesis at start o f line before g.d.

4


p. 196, footnote: read (U 19.8d) for (U 19.5) p. 197, Ex. I.7: read “aor. act o f a p o d v v (both fo rm s)” (4th) p. 200 n. 1: replace “equivalent G erm an id io m ” w ith “possible G erm an ex p ressio n ” and replace k om m en de w ith h in einkom m ende (8th) p. 200: reprint to restore line at bottom accidentally lost in 4 th printing: ra leyom eva

the things that a re s a id

p. 201, 4.a, line 2: for e je p x o m e v o v read e j i o v r a p. 210, line 16 from bottom : read S v K p a r r fo r S v k p a r r v p. 212, vocab. at m iddle o f page: after ¥domai add “ (passive deponent: fut. pass. ■ qsdqsom ai)” and delete one p oint o f line spacing above last subhead to m aintain pagination p. 213, Ex. I.3: read o v x for ovk p. 213, Ex. II, line 5 from bottom : read a f i k o m e v v v dk fo r a f i k o m k v v v (7th) p. 223, vocab item a p o p e v : add “ (+ g en .)” after the definitions p. 224, Ex. II.11: change to “you (pl.) rem in d ed ” p. 224, Ex. II.14: change “ (s.)” to “ (p l.)” p. 225, first line: fo r k j e p y p m k v v v read e j i o v r v v ; rem ove footnote 1, renum ber 2 and 3 as 1 and 2, and add period after num eral o f last footnote. (7th) p. 231, vocab item rayvw: add a line before line on r a x a to read raxeww (adv.) swiftly, quickly p. 232, Ex. I: add 6 p t vertical space betw een heading and item s o f the exercise (4th) p. 233, ex. III, lines 8-9, fix accents before punctuation, should be acute de, a v r o i (8th) p. 233, line 6 of Greek: underline k p a i v k s o v r a w and add note: epaivesovraw: the fut. of epaivev is normally middle in prose, but Xenophon uses the active, as do some poets p. 239, footnote 1, 1st line: read “p article” for “particile” (7th) p. 240, vocab. entry fo r a vairiow : fo r a va ir io w , a v a i r i a , a v a i r i o v read a v a ir io w , a v a i r i o v

5


p. 244, last paragraph, second sentence: substitute the dollow ing reading: The aorists are similar except for the plural active, where shorter and longer forms are sometimes found (thus -eirmev or -e>mev, -eirre or -ehe, -e ir sa v or -eiev, etc.)

p. 248, above sixth line from bottom : add e'iQe, el yap (particles introducing wishes with optative or with imperfect or aorist indicative) would that p. 255-6, vocabulary list: item a r im a Z v on p. 255 and item [Ionic eYpoâi] on p. 256 transferred from sublist co n trac t v e rb s to new sublist labelled o th e r v e rb s added on p. 256; line spacing o f m ainheads and subheads adjusted to m aintain pagination (except that item y a m e v has m oved to p. 255) p. 256, vocab. item s v r r p i a : tw ice in definition read “ safety ” fo r “ saftey ” (7th) p. 256, note 1 has a sentence added at its end: Form s w ith internal augm ent e v r p y e r - are probably all late. p. 258, first line: for IV read V (10th) p. 258, second colum n o f annotations, line 4: restore line-break for n a w

ti

note

(8th) p. 258, add underline to d o v v a i in line 2, and add notebelow dovvai here in the sense grant with the gods as its subject and the acc. + inf. phrase expressing what is to be granted (understand me as subj. of yevesOai, with airiov as pred. adj.) p. 265, first line o f Greek: correct accent to p a l a i o v (8th) p. 265, Ex. II.5, add [receive back] after a p o l a f i o i e v p. 278, Ex. II.6, line 3: read vmdw fo r vmaw p. 279, underlined w ords, left colum n, line 8 and line 11: read “perf. m id./pass. p a rt.” for “perf. p a rt.” p. 279, underlined w ords, rig h t colum n, line 7: transpose to “perf. act. p a rt.” p. 281, 2.a, line 3: read (U 19.8d) for U 19.5) p. 281, 2b, line 3: add sentence (But note that memvrmai from mimvr\sKv [root mvr~] and Attic KeKrrmai from Kraomai are treated like the verbs under §a above.) A lso change colum n spacing o f follow ing table so that it fits in three lines instead o f four

6


p. 291, underlined w ords, left colum n, line 7: fo r (neut. adj., nom . s.) read (neut. perf. p articiple used as adj., nom . s.); also m ove last line (item I v p e v ) to top o f right colum n (4th) p. 294, fix accents on K a l a (should be K a l a ) (7th) p. 299, note fo r r0v eavr&v: read understand xwpav or yqv = land (10th) p. 312, 4d, add footnote sym bol at line 3 f i a k o v . and add footnote below : 2. B ut there is som e variation in the m anuscripts and printed editions. (10th) p. 312, 4d, end o f paragraph, add sentence: C om pounds o f r y o v (eyw) behave sim ilarly: n a p a r y o v , v n o r y o v . p. 315, Ex. I.9: add footnote sym bol 2 after a p o l a b e and insert footnote 2 as follow s: 2. Compound in apo- of a verb you know. (8th) p. 316: add underline to l o i p o v in fifth to last line o f G reek (8th) p. 320, 4.a: in first and third line correct to “indicative (or. o p t.)” p. 325, Ex. II.19: fo r “3rd pl. neu ter” read “3rd s.” (4th) p. 325, lines 2-3 from beg. and 4-5 from end o f P lato passage, replace — w ith — (4 tim es) p. 330, footnote, line 4: read

for

(6th) pp. 330-1: in labelling o f top paradigm s on each page, fo r “sing. n o m .” read “ s in g . n .v.”

(6th) p. 332, line 5: read “co n stru ctio n ” p. 332, line 15: read W e fo r We (7th) pp. 333-334 add vocabulary entry after layww leww, lew, m.2 people (assembled in theater or assembly)

[laic]

and add new footnote 2 reading (renum bering old notes 2-6 as 3-7): N on-A ttic laOw. in footnote 4 (form erly 3), add long m ark over alpha in vaOw p. 334, Ex. I.12: read - for q v

7


p. 334, Ex. II. 12: delete “(m asc.)” and close up (8th) p. 343, line 15: read § ξ ° σ τ α ι line 17, read § π α ιν ° σ ο μ α ι (6th) p. 346, 14th row o f table, replace long dashes w ith πε,ριίώ ρακα π ε ρ ιώ μ μ α ι π ε ρ ιώ φ θ η ν

p. 352, top paradigm , fourth item in third colum n: read ν α ϋ ν fo r νήα (8th) p.352, 7 th line from bottom : change font to rom an, read λ α γ ώ ν o r λ α γ ώ (6th) p. 357, paradigm at bottom , 4th row o f colum ns 4 and 7 (dat. sing. m asc. and neut.): read ω τ ι ν ι [that is, add subscript] (6th) p. 362, m iddle paradigm , 1st colum n, 3rd row: read λ έ λ υ κ ζ ( ν ) [that is, add nu m oveable] p. 363, add footnote sym bol 1 after π ε π ε ι σ μ έ ν α § σ τ ί (8th item in center colum n) and add footnote at bottom o f page: 1. With neuter plural subject, periphrastic forms are sometimes found in the indicative, but more commonly the 3rd sing. form is used instead.

p. 364, change the five 3rd pl neuter form s in the pluperfect m /p paradigm s to show “( π ε π ε ι σ μ έ ν α η ν ) ” etc. instead o f “o r π ε π ε ι σ μ ε ν α η ν ” etc.; add footnote sym bol 1 after “( π ε π ε ι σ μ ε ν α η ν ) ” and add footnote at bottom of page: /

's'

1. Thus in late G reek with a neuter plural subject; in classical Attic the 3rd sing. pluperfect is used with neuter plural subject.

(8th) p. 364, reprint because triple em -dash in low er rig h t colum n had appeared in w rong font as ώ ώ ώ L

L

L

(6th) p. 368, top paradigm , far rig h t colum n, 6th row (1st pl. im perfect active): read •ω ρώ μεν

p. 372, top paradigm , rig h t colum n, item s 1, 3 5: read (άφ)ες, ( ά φ )ε τ ο ν , ( ά φ ) ε τ ε for (άφ )ες, (α φ ) ε τ ο ν , (α φ )ε τ ε

p. 385, 3rd colum n, 9th line from bottom : add (39) after και γα ρ (7th) p. 387, aftert entry for δίκη: add new entry δίκην διδόναι (23)

pay a (the) penalty

8


p. 387, right colum ns, last entry: m ove last entry to follow ing page and insert here e’ÍQe, el yap (32) would that p. 388, first entry: last entry o f old p. 387 m oved to top o f this page p. 388, colum n 3, 6th entry ( e m b a i v v ) : read (34) for (33) p. 389, left colum ns, after epiQvmia: add e p i l a v O a v o m a i (32) fo rg et (+ gen.) (8th) p. 389 : added as second item in fit colum ns: ejapa ra v (38) deceive, trick (8th) p. 390: correct r¡K (33) to (34) p. 391, third colum n, line 9: read -ov fo r -ov (7th) p. 392, after entry l e v v , third from bottom of right column, add lews, lew , m. (42)

people

(note: creates repagination of 392-393 break) (7th) p. 393, entry for mera: delete “in pursuit of,” (8th) p. 396: t o p a p o v (27) (add m issing unit ref.) (8th) p. 397: correct p o p e v v (33) to (34) (7th) p. 404, entry for “beside”: add (person as object) in front of papa p. 404, left colum n, line 15: read (33) fo r (34) p. 408, right colum n, first entry, line 1: after (8) add “ , r\ykomai (1 6 )” p. 408, right colum n, entry “lo n g ” : before e f i e m a i add “e p iQ v m ° v (16), ” (7th) p. 410, entries for both pay and penalty: add (23) after didovai delete whole entry for “pursuit” (4th) p. 412, col. 2,: should be through, throughout, dia + gen. (not acc.) (7th) p. 412, entry for throughout, after dia + gen. (U6) add “; Kara + acc. (U12)” p. 413, right colum n, above third line from bottom : add would that, e’ÍQe or efi yap (32) (6th) left colum n, lem m a “virtu o u s” : read (7) fo r (6)

9

Mastronarde Key and Appendices

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