Mercado Part I, II, III and appendices.pdf

Architectural Thesis Greenbelt IT Hub

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap

GREENBELT IT HUB

A Thesis Presented to the School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment Mapua Institute of Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 9 for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Presented by Mercado, Marianne S. 2011150715

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap Adviser

December 2014



Chapter I.1.1 Introduction Technology has been part of our daily lives, since we live in the “information age”; for studying, work or even entertainment. Life became much easier with the help of technology, especially when storing information and data, saving spaces and papers. Since the Sumerians of Mesopotamia developed writing, people have been storing and communicating data. Information technology uses computer and telecommunications equipment for storing, retrieving, transmitting, manipulating information. It is related to networking, hardware, software and Internet. It also comprises other information distribution technologies such as televisions and technologies. This technology allows places all over the world to be connected. That is why many companies have their own information technology departments for dealing with technical areas of their businesses. The proposed study will focus on incorporating IT office building with greenbelts and other innovations for a sustainable design in order to counter and reduce the carbon emission. Chapter I.1.2 Statement of the Problem At the present time, most of the office buildings do not have open areas around and are so close to each other, not allowing air to cross ventilate. These multi-storey buildings produce massive amount of carbon footprint which contributes to global warming – a bigger problem countries all over the world are currently experiencing. Structures with different gadgets and equipment double the amount of carbon emission. The primary purpose of this study is to determine how an office building can produce less carbon footprint despite of its equipment inside and outside the structure. More specifically, it will attempt to answer the following questions: 

What architectural considerations should be applied in order to maximize the greeneries around the site?



How will the design of the site and structures affect the users, its surrounding and neighbors?

Architectural Thesis Greenbelt IT Hub 


What is the importance of considering every part of nature that can be used, i.e rainwater?

Chapter I.1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies

The primary goal of this study is to create a sustainable office building for Information Technology company which produce lesser carbon footprint. It also aims to connect people with the environment through different instruments and designs. Also, it targets to be an icon in starting a selfsustainable office building. Strategic planning and allocation of space, beauty and aesthetics, systems, comfortability of users, orientation, neighboring buildings of the site must be considered. Chapter I.1.4 Significance of the Study The significance of the study is the strategic incorporation of the buildings and surroundings in order to counter carbon footprint being produced. It may provide additional information regarding new green and sustainable design innovations. This study will help future architects and engineers in designing a self-sustainable Information Technology building which will provide benefits not only to the users but the environment. Chapter I.1.5 Scope and Limitations The study will only cover architectural planning of the site, Information Technology building and other establishments needed. It will contain flow of the target and end users. It will also include new techniques of natural ventilation and sustainability. The proposed study will also comprise with different landscape development. However, this study will not be concerned on interior spaces which will affect the psychological behavior of users inside the buildings. It will not also focus on computation of different consumption of energy.



Chapter I.1.6 Theoretical Framework These theoretical frameworks provide complementary information about the study: 

Sustainability theory – emphases “eliminate negative environmental impact completely through skillful, sensitive design”. (McLennan, J.F., 2004)



Passive House Concept – consideration of natural movement of heat and air, passive solar gain and cooling in order to maintain a good internal comfort. “A Passive House is a building in which thermal comfort can be guaranteed by post-heating or post-cooling the fresh-air mass flow required for a good indoor air quality”. (Passive House Institute)

Chapter I.1.7 Conceptual Framework

The framework shows concept and ideas of how the study started. It began with a major problem currently facing by a lot of countries, affecting not only a large amount of people but also the



environment. Next is where to solve the problem – office buildings related to technology and communication where a lot of people are related to. These buildings use different equipment and machines that contribute to the major problem we are facing. Followed by solutions done architecturally, using the concept of sustainability in spaces and circulation. Chapter I.1.8 Definition of Terms 

Global warming - the recent increase in the world's temperature that is believed to be caused by the increase of certain gases (such as carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere



Greenbelt – a belt of parkways, parks



Hub – a center of activity, or interest; a focal point



Information Technology – is the application of computers and telecommunications technology in order to store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit information and data



Innovation - a new idea, device, or method



Sustainable - involving methods that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources

Chapter I.1.9 Acronyms 

IT – Information Technology



LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design



BERDE - Building for Ecologically Responsible Design Excellence

Chapter I.2.1 Review of Related Literature According to Zigenfus’ thesis entitled Element Analysis of the Green Building Process, the usage of natural resources and materials available at or near the site is important in becoming green. He stated that in order for a building to be green, it must be designed with a minimal consumption of resources especially once the building is occupied. It also concerns the impact on community. “A green building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner. Green buildings are



designed to meet certain objectives such as protecting occupant health; improving employee productivity; using energy, water, and other resources more efficiently; and reducing the overall impact to the environment.” - The California Integrated Waste Management Board Skurvid’s Ventilation in Sustainable Office Buildings states that sustainable buildings have a good effect on the environment and healthy indoor climate. It save energy and lessen the reduction of pollutants and contaminants. Nowadays, it is important buildings have these factors due to most of the people spend their lives at work or at home. Due to the supertyphoon Yolanda and 7.2-magnitude earthquake that hit Visayas last 2013, the urge to understand green and sustainable building practice along with disaster preparedness is not recommended in building infrastructure in Manila. SB13 Manila held a conference entitled “Sustainable Buildings, Infrastructures and Communities in Emerging Economies” with a goal of inspiring, mobilizing and building capacities of professionals and stakeholders toward disaster risk management and sustainable design. SB13 Manila is part of the World Series conducting different aspects of sustainable building designs. Chapter I.2.2 Review of Related Studies

Google Headquarters



Last 2011, Google emitted 1.68 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. They calculate its usage having 1% of worldwide data center electricity, responsible for approximately 0.01% of total global demand. Since Google consumes large amount of energy every year, they started going green. In 2013, Google decided to expand its headquarters and one of the new designs it applied is green roof. The expansion has been designed by retrofitting existing buildings. They are connected by bridges, one which is connected to one of the green roofs that has an outdoor café. Another innovation is the usage of radiant heating throughout. Google generates power from more than 100,000 solar panels to heat homes around their area. “It’s good for Google, the Earth and for shareholders,” said David Radcliffe, Google’s vice president of real estate. “If we can dispel the myth that you can’t be both green and profitable, then we’ll be happy about that.” Tax-equity financing is being used by Google, an incentive from the government which allow them to lower its tax obligation through investing in renewable energy. Everyone will gain from the movement since these solar projects can produce returns of 10 to 14 percent annually, with half of the profit tied to incentives, according to Paul Maxwell, director in the energy practice at Navigant Consulting, California.

Infosys



Infosys, second largest Information Technology company in India, transformed from one that commissioned-electricity consuming glass monuments to using natural light and little or no airconditioning at all. India, living by importing energy through using 20% of GDP, Infosys realized the importance of saving energy. In the new campus of Infosys at Hyderabad, buildings were designed using combination of different passive design principles – consideration of orientation of buildings to minimize heat and glare, tactically allocation of windows and usage of spectrum of colors, usage of technologies for shading and radiant cooling, where cold water are being pumped through pipes embedded in concrete. A laboratory was built in this campus, where building technologies can be researched. The largest experiment that has been made was half of one building using the most efficient air-conditioning while the other half radiant cooling, which gave a result of 30% less consumption of electricity over three



years. With such innovations, Infosys has saved more than $80 million in energy bills in six years. "Everything we've done can be replicated around the world with no increase in capital costs. Energy efficiency is like putting money in the bank.", says Rohan Parik, head of infrastructure at Infosys. The best result of this movement is the influence they made to other clients of consulting firms in India, like Cisco, Parik stated.

8 Campus Place

Megaworld, a leading real estate developer, committed in providing environmental sustainability, has made another record for gaining the country’s first LEED Gold-certified building for business process outsourcing, for the 8 Campus Place Building A. The building consumes 45% water less than other buildings by using efficient water plumbing fixtures. Exterior landscape are being maintained using no potable water. Usage of wide glass together with double glazed gas-filled insulated (Low E) glass was carefully planned to allow penetration of natural light into the building but reflecting the sun’s heat away to lessen the need of air-conditioning in the building.



The materials used to construct the building contained more than 30% recycled content. Megaworld also used locally available materials produced in the Philippines. Indoor air quality innovations were used, including the provision of carbon dioxide sensors to ensure fresh air delivery to occupants.

One Evotech

One Evotech, an Ayala Land BPO facility in Nuvali Technohub in Laguna, bagged silver LEED certification. This medium-rise building, containing four floors, serves as a model for those who are concerned with carbon footprints and also to the tenants who will benefit from the innovations and healthier work environment, enjoying considerable savings. Its energy and water consumptions are below the registered standards.



Orientation of the building, sunscreens are considered to sought energy savings for those who work there. Installation of innovative district cooling air-conditioning system with central plant gave a greater savings to the building. This system provides chilled water through an underground loop for a number of buildings. Usage of recycled water is applied for toilet flushing and irrigation, saving as much as 45% of potable water. Pervious pavements were used to allow rainwater to seep quicker to the water aquifer which reduces stormwater runoff. Ayala Land resued and recycled construction debris which generated 87% of on-site construction waste from landfill. Chapter I.3.1 Research Methodology The study used several methods mainly descriptive combined with survey, case study, interview of people related to the study which will attempt to describe the current state of an Information Technology building. Chapter I.3.2 Research Instruments The research instruments that will be used in this study are survey questionnaires, interviews, ocular assessment. These survey questionnaires and interviews were used to know the target users point of views while ocular assessment provided information about the flow of the people and connection of spaces.

Chapter I.3.3 Population Universe and Subject of Study The sampling groups of the study are the employees of IT companies and IT students. Chapter I.3.4 Sampling Procedure



The sampling procedure that will be used is random sampling. Experience of random IT employees will almost be the same depending on their company. Also, IT students will have different point of views regarding desirable workplace. Chapter I.3.5 Research Design The research design of this study is descriptive. Information and data that will be acquired will only be described after analyzation and organization. Chapter I.4 Summary of Findings and Analysis In this chapter, gathered information and data are organized and analyzed. Chapter I.4.1 Presentation of Collected Data a. Quantitative Analysis In this method, survey questionnaires were used in order to gather data. Questionnaires have been distributed to 50 variables randomly selected from different schools and offices related to Information Technology. The following data are from survey questionnaires for IT students:

What characteristics of a workplace would you like to have in your office? Livable Green Enclosed Others



In this figure, 48% of respondents chose a green environment for a workplace where they can relax and be connected to the environment. Followed by a livable workplace with 36% for they believe it will be efficient and effective. 12% chose other characteristics like interactive, fun, and fully equipped. Lastly, 4% chose enclosed where they can focus on their work.

Are you willing to sacrifice some habits in order to have a sustainable and green workplace?

Yes No

In this figure, 62% are willing to change for the benefit of others and become green while 38% doesn’t want to sacrifice their habits. The following data are from the survey questionnaires for employees of IT companies:

Are you satisfied with the design and spaces of your office building?

Yes No



In this figure, 78% of respondents are satisfied with their respective offices while 22% still thinks of an improvement with their buildings.

Parks/Gardens Commercial Establishments Game Room Others

0

20

40

60

80

100

In this figure, almost 84% wants commercial establishments inside their building, while almost 78% desires to have parks and gardens around office and almost 64% mainly males like to have game rooms. 22% proposed for lounge or sleeping areas. Chapter I.4.2 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) a. Strengths of the facility Strategic location of the building is good for the users. Since it is inside Bonifacio Global City, there are transportation going and leaving the site. The place also gives a sense of security. The location is also near to establishments like commercial and recreational. b. Weaknesses of the facility Few greeneries and parks where users can rest after a walk from bus stops or other establishments. Vehicular density is large especially during rush hour and Friday nights. c.

Opportunities of the facility



The facility can easily participate in events of Bonifacio Global City. Projects of BGC will affect site. Since there are various companies inside the CBD, there are opportunities to get more clients. d. Threats of facility The design of the building may not harmonize with buildings around it. Since, BGC is open to the public, people may enter the site without permission. Chapter I.4.3 Need Analysis

Figures above are floor plans of Telus, Taguig. 

Natural lighting up to the center of the building. Since the building has huge width, sunlight does not reach the center of the building, thus large energy consumption is done through lighting.



Open spaces (i.e. indoor gardens, roof decks) to allow users to relax and lessen stress. It will also add aesthetic to the building thru solid and void.



Landscape and greeneries around the building to soften the look of the site and lessen the stormwater runoff.

Architectural Thesis Greenbelt IT Hub 


One main hallway to control the circulation

Chapter I.5 Conclusions and Recommendations For an effective approach to the study, the proponent should further look for problems not only of the present but also the future. Such approach should consider orientation, neighboring buildings and sites, ordinances, and comfortability of the users. The proponent should not only concentrate on aesthetics but on function and its effect to the users and environment. Different methods may be used in order to come up with an efficient solution. Since we are now facing global warming, the proponent must consider the building’s longevity and sustainability giving benefit to the owner and a healthier environment for the users. These movements must not only be for green certification or any award but for the improvement of architecture and well-being of the people. Chapter II Research Focus In this chapter, the proponent will further emphasize the study, showing application of chosen innovation and ideas to the project. Chapter II.1 Rationale The proposed study, with the use of different principles of design, integrated with different establishments and green application as a hub aims to be a key point and icon of a self-sustained office building. The study’s intention is to apply various innovations that will create a harmonious connection with the facilities, users and the environment. This study will focus on providing ahead solutions, thinking of the future condition of the proposed project, to counter further problems. The study will generate ideas to provide adequate solutions for efficient lighting and energy saving. Since facilities are surrounded by greeneries, supplementary study of different techniques of landscaping and choosing the suitable plants will be done. All in all, the study’s goal is to produce an efficient solution that will greatly benefit users and environment. Chapter II.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project



Chapter II.2.1 Principles

Principle of Software Architecture Software architecture uses a process of defining a structured solution meeting all of technical and operational requirements while elevating common quality aspects such as performance, security, and manageability. Decisions and choices to be done should have a rationale behind them. The decisions have to be right the first time, since reversing may be impossible or expensive. There should be balanced concern of the system. It involves functionality, usability, resilience, performance, reuse, economic and technology restrictions, and aesthetic concerns. It has flexible systems where it can adapt to future requirements. Software architecture are classified dynamic reconfiguration and dynamic architectural type evolution. The first classification enables changes in the configuration by creating or destroying elements and links dynamically. While the second introduce new element types and connections or modifying the current elements. Similarly, the project may apply the flexibility and rational decision-making in software architecture, using the adaptability of its systems and thinking ahead of the future condition of the facilities. Usage of reusable materials, longevity and quality of materials and systems to be used must be considered.

Controlled flow of circulation Pathways, hallways, corridors must be well-planned in order to avoid clogged spaces. These public spaces should provide a smooth flow of way for the users’ comfortability. To avoid crowded spaces, passageways should be connected with each other except if security and privacy are concerned.

Categorized allocation of spaces In order to avoid activity commotion, spaces with no relation may not be adjacent to each other. Categorizing related spaces, having adequate adjacency will avoid people going to unnecessary places, not destroying the flow of circulation in the site.

Passive lighting and energy-efficient ventilation



The facilities which will be surrounded by greeneries may benefit from cool air and shade. Maximizing the use of sunlight, wind, and other elements of the environment will greatly minimize the energy and water consumption. There are new technologies providing energy-efficient cooling of the building with a healthier effect to the users. All in all, if systems are well-planned and efficient, maximum savings will be received by the owner. Chapter II.2.2 Relevance to the Project Rational thinking and advanced decision-making in the proposed study will help in the manageability and longevity of the facilities. It will provide satisfaction for the users and owner since there are only minimal problems that can be handled. Nowadays, the condition of our surrounding changes and flexibility can cope up with the change. The proponent must apply adequate flexible techniques in order for the facilities to be efficient with the changes. There are new innovations which provide flexible characteristics like prefabricated materials and modular construction. Precise application of these materials and other systems will help in the longevity of the building. Time is a great factor in office buildings. Every minute counts. A well-planned facility providing smooth flow of circulation and categorized spaces will be effective not just energy saving but also time. This shows that the proponent value the facility’s function and the user’s comfortability. Chapter II.3 Application to the Project Flexibility as part of the characteristics of the facilities can be done by using prefabricated materials and modular construction. These techniques provide solutions without compromising the aesthetics of the buildings. In addition, these materials can be used repeatedly saving energy and raw material consumption.



Demountable partitions can be used, giving an option of reconfiguring offices quickly and economically especially when layout requirements change.

Passive lighting and energy-efficient ventilation can be applied with proper allocation of new technologies and usage of various techniques. Overhangs, sunscreens, brise soleil may be considered. Orientation of the building should be studied in order to maximize sunlight.

One suitable cooling system in a tropical country like the Philippines is the radiant cooling for it offers a large proportion of cooling by way of removing sensible heat. Radiant cooling uses pumped water which generates lower amount of energy than using fans and air-conditioning. It has lower first and lifestyle costs.



Landscape and commercial establishments. Part of the proposed hub is the allocation of commercial establishments within the site and providing luscious landscaping. Combination of hardscape and softscape will improve aesthetics of the site. Design of the commercial establishments should be in harmony with other facilities.

Chapter III.1 Site Selection Process Chapter III.1.1 Criteria for Site Selection The site for the proposed Information Technology should be vast enough to accommodate the facilities and different establishments along the designed surrounding. It should be accessible to the users with enough transportation entering and exiting the site. Neighboring buildings and structures should be considered in choosing a site, due to differences in building typology. Zoning ordinances, laws, natural and climatic aspects, hazardous events like earthquake, flooding, that have been happening within the place of the site should also be investigated. Consideration of access to utilities like water, electricity must also take place. There should be enough space for future expansion. Chapter III.1.2 Site Option Description

Site 1 This site is located in Malolos, Bulacan. It has an area of 21,705 meter square. It is a corner site, adjacent to the major road MacArthur Highway, and minor roads of Paraluman and Fausta. It is near to commercial establishments such as Robinsons Place Malolos, and schools like Bulacan State University.



Site 2 The site is located in the city of Angeles, Pampanga. It has an area of 102, 054 square meters. It is adjacent to North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and Angeles-Magalang Rd. It is near to Marquee Mall, and different terminals going to Manila and other parts of Pampanga.



Site 3 The site is also located in Malolos, Bulacan. It has an area of 15,520 meter square.

Chapter III.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis Chapter III.2.1 The Macro Setting

Bulacan. It is a first class province of the Philippines located in Region 3 – Central Luzon. It is surrounded by provinces of Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Quezon, Rizal and Metro Manila. It has 569 barangays with 21 municipalities. In the 2010 census, it had 3,124,433 people. It was the most populous province in the whole Philippines.



City of Malolos, Bulacan. The capital city of Bulacan, a first class urban component city of the Republic of the Philippines. It is one of the major suburbs conurbated to Manila, situated in Region 3 – Central Luzon, in

the

southwestern part of Bulacan. Based on 2007 Census of Population and Housing, the population in Malolos was at 223,069. It had a population density of 3,317 persons per square kilometer. The city of Malolos has an area of 7,725 hectares and is subdivided into 52 barangays. It consists of agricultural, commercial, institutional, residential, industrial, bodies of water. Malolos was once a vast virgin land and forests, so most of the barangays are named after common Philippine trees.

Climate.



The figure above shows the climate graph of Bulacan. February being the driest month with 10 mm. August having the most precipitation, gains an average of 529 mm.

The figure above shows climate table displaying differences in precipitation between the driest month and the wettest month with 519 mm. Since Bulacan has a tropical climate, there is significant rain, in most months of the year. The average annual temperature in Bulacan is 27.3°C and about 2372 mm of precipitation falls annually.

The figure above shows temperature graph of Bulacan. May has the warmest temperature having 29.3°C while January being the coolest month of the year with an average of 25.6°C.



Pampanga. It is a province of the Philippines located in Region 3 – Central Luzon. It is surrounded by the provinces of Bataan and Zambales, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, and Bulacan. It is classified as a first-class, highly urbanized city and has a government independent of the province.

City of Angeles, Pampanga. It is a first-class highly urbanized city in the province of Pampanga. It is surrounded by other municipalities of Pampanga: Mabalacat to the north, Mexico to the east, San Fernando to the southeast, Bacolor to the south, and Porac to the southwest and west.

Climate. In the first figure below shows areas highly at risk to the occurrence of tropical depressions, storms, typhoons and super typhoons. Next figure shows rainfall change in dry and wet season. The areas most at risk to projected rainfall changes are Central, South, and Southeast Luzon and Eastern Visayas including Pampanga, according to Manila Observatory.



Pampanga has a tropical climate. The average annual temperature in Pampanga is 27.0 °C and about 1903 mm of precipitation falls annually.

The figure above shows climate graph. It displays March as the driest month with 91mm precipitation while most falls in May with 224 mm.



The figure above shows temperature graph. It displays May as the warmest month with an average temperature of 27.7°C while January has the lowest average temperature with 26.2°C.

The figure above shows the difference in precipitation between the driest and wettest month with 133mm, having a varying average temperature of 1.5°C. Chapter III.2.2 The Micro Setting



Site 1. It is situated in Brgy. Caniogan, Malolos, Bulacan. Brgy. Caniogan has 5,158 people according to the 2007 NSO Census. The site is connected to one major road and two minor roads. The MacArthur Highway serves many commercial and institutional establishments. This road connects Malolos to Manila via NLEX. The Fausta Road connects the site and the City Hall of Malolos.

Pictures of MacArthur Highway. As shown in the images, there are different transportations like jeep, bus, tricycle, FX. The streets are not clogged and there is no traffic. The site is easily accessible.



The pictures above shows flood susceptibility of Brgy. Caniogan. A white legend showing that it has low to moderate flood susceptibility.





Site 2. It is situated in Angeles City, Pampanga. It is near transportation stations, going to Manila via NLEX and other parts of Pampanga. It is also near to commercial establishments and the City Hall of Angeles.

The first picture above is a transportation hub adjacent to the site. This hub has busses going to Manila and places in Pampanga like Dau, Mabalacat. The second picture is a terminal of tricycles which you can ride to go around Angeles City.

The pictures above show the road between the site and Marquee Mall. Different transportations are evident. Accessibility is not a problem.



Site 3. It is situated in Brgy Bulihan, Malolos Bulacan. Just like site 1, it is near commercial establishments. It is also connected to a major road – MacArthur Highway meaning accessibility is not a difficult. Chapter III.2.3 Related Laws and Ordinances

Parking and loading space requirements (Republic Act No. 6541)

Use or Occupancy Commercial – E-2

Air Space Requirements (Republic Act No. 6541)



General requirements for occupant loads and exits

Land Use. Brgy. Caniogan composed of mostly agricultural, partly commercial. Commercial areas are adjacent to the major road – MacArthur Highway, where Site 1 is located. Chapter III.3 Site Development Options



The most suitable sites for the proposal are Site 1 – Caniogan Area and Site 2 – Angeles City Area. These are the most accessible and user-friendly sites out of the three. These sites are also near/adjacent to terminals, commercial and institutional establishments. The sites meet the criteria of the study.

Site 1 – Caniogan Area



Site 2 – Angeles City Area Chapter III.3.2 Proposed Site Development Plan

Site 1 – Caniogan Area



Site 2 – Angeles City Area

Architectural Thesis Greenbelt IT Hub Appendices Survey questionnaires for IT Students and employees




TCT – Site 1: Caniogan Area



Tax Declaration – Site 1: Caniogan Area



TCT – Site 2: Angeles City Area



Tax Declaration – Site 2: Angeles City Area

Mercado Part I, II, III and appendices.pdf

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