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From each acrding t hs blites; o eac my earfet atue: Lous Aalla, Willa Bwn, Janet Chste, l Foley Hung Mg-shu, Ch'ng-se , Zak Rogw h Sae, Davd ss
Fouh Aniversa Gateng Gateng of te Chh Jou Jou T'a-c ca ociton, 99.•
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'-c c'n t t ds ctit my b sccincty dnd s t st Cis scs mtin d dcn t bdy m t Tei din t s ti ssyl "ntna t bn ssty t nds: t mytc nd t mnist yt c, ac nls t ng b an nd ge s t mitc och maszs ansn css clal von Ev mdn scls a d s dly s C n s mc Whether Chang San-feg or someone ele, who ever invented this subtle and proond artial art st have bee an ancent Taois possessed of he highest wisdo an could not possibly have been a coon ma. I
nd nd T'ng Ho, H o, sns t ansc d, Hstora records and invstgatons the fld revea that taichi c'an was crate un he at Mng an early Cig or approxately years ago It cobine an develope the various boxin syles ta were ppular aong te peple and te army ung te Ming and a o ths te ancn and breathing techniqes, abson lssil ateralist phlosphy thoy and edical kowledge kowledge conceng ciclaon o e lood ad ch' i o o a ara art that a oh he exea a terna
s ds o cocepaaionnd nd soyned nt b y xcs, bt ty sod t b ns Hn xpeen s ned y yt d gnd s s sy s s nt oe se y ldg dan sy Nss nsded t cext o t sc nd ntee soy o C te st a o c tee ps a aeta pt t a es te one bse es ets,
sp a t tr as o matelsm el taas a t scnce o th masses igs ctrversy aes unaate ve toa tg t a s ar ot so eaty rawn alon t awa trats. it eater reeom o expres sio o awa la Cna one no ar rCang ang ics rom th nl a spprtrs o t stritl hstoical appoach rom ia. N cs to te r rdle o t'aic an a rged rom ungt Couny i s a aopo ilae i o, e orer us ain istrl anaysis ad te latr consructin a iag r Sanng to Cn C' Cngpi. udns o te o o ' ' ac a gong as prary terls nd n lin a o scory sourcs, eve s e la t a twn t lines o te ses l g doogy, an coeras cnot cnot b certain o th early phase o t' t ''s 's eis a tasin, r eey e ht t goos must soeho elvered t or eve y t C'n C'n ly o C'en Ve Chiko, onn ee e were ced a k'uei uc'n, 1799172 te ery 9t ny. eorapily t'aii c'a red a is o ienn irs e Ve t ws tnsmitte to unnien Coy Hpe, e t kig i t oth kin han, H ho nd Cnt n te out, e r pcs o t itt an iteans, H, oea nto, nd nal nCese s ts Ctipa rc iitin the iuso ici ici an pi t t 20t cnturyeudsm, st i sve t eti s cn eia o mrti it tro o au a cunter anese R
Who were tese men who devoted themselv o ustintigly to the maial arts, and wha were ti motives. Some wer simpl bodyguards and bullies for the rich landlord, and om w mn wo fought or righteous cases. Thse cases migt be as local as avenging victims o amily euds or as nation al as revolution a acial salvion Te soy o t'ai-chi's rise in h lat 19th and earl 20t cnu hs its plot and its charactrs Th plot is Cina' ned for seltrengtenin and he cat o charactr begins with Yang Lc'an he Founder: Yang Lc'a Lc' a ee ar majo n Yang c'n c' n backgr backgroun ound d n "icial "icial ad oth oth b b stoical Th "oicial vsion mana m c lague and dnt w a av ish concl is hmbl oriin H n tn can's sn, Cinh (183997), an Ilur Ilur dd M ul o Tici Tici C n n si i pbl n 11 ss L-n ln i ll ng-nn ill L -k' n an C'n C'ng-sng' C'ng-sng'ss m s i m s C'n C'n llg s m n s sds n ms ms b a nd nll gnd ml ii h y tnd t ng-nn L-'n l ng bm mtl Mn nblt mng sdn L-'n's L-'n's C'ng- n s o i-ci 'n s) ly i-ci C (T 'n
s s's n ddng mblsmns 'n s s t t ng n C'n g d d snds ssg m nby bld b d n nd d d s s 'n n-sn gng nn n s nd ss
a ar a cot o acc a a e ad c ros tt oo srass C' a ot. g preac to is 94 m Pc c o c T'ai-c ch'an tn c'a, roa ote b Cen a c'in, contans ioraica oraio abo t ang a, ha o on rcty ose or L-c'an's ackgrou, bt ps n te iere 9 c c'a's c'a's ot h or oica aa o e ear 0 cnt conseati ti nsi n acain an aacronisic aoe C'n- an andfaer, L-c', wo cal e een r beor ras' . C'eg-' acct r or or ey tat f s oswr, ha -ch'n -ch'n ae o C'e C'e ae as a au on e sn o 'ans' re an raining or tn ars eor bein accee as a st C'n Ku' 9 Tc H Fo odwod woEdd Swo rd S r dd r g (T'a c c'a o cen n a-o open s ee o C'n Wei-i' acct ecet t e a c'a goin to 'en iae as a yo y akg ho t a e cas c st be se te 940's7 940's 7 Ee e reat ai as scr, Hs e nr h se o Ya fy e-ser i 190 Sum o Mrl r (u -) ) critic rprouc Hs Y-se's acc oer, jt ix ears r i is ud o ru c (T'aic c'a 'ao-si ) H en a braks I Hs se , Hao Y-, rst sowe i Li -y's adwren cois W Ysia's ncrs ta i' "rt reace to T'ai-ci C'a (T'ai c' rerre o a uc' s " c an o an-kan, Hs rse o eae e rea
fr ruun f nvng dr genrn f r r nhu n Yung-nn, C'n Vg nd ng, dvd he Cn fy nd phry n Yung-nn, he f Gr Hny H ny (' - - ' ng n g h prprr f pcy, C' eu, n f he rce n n Ch'n Vg d h rd n f h n en, hn C ng-hng, ec n e r r er y y yer ye r f ng ng n C ng n gng ng Lu-cn brbed h f h , nd e e bg prp Ch' Ch ' g gg' g' e e,, he e e pr h ny rnd h r b bg e r y n v nd red ng- Bk ng-ne, Lu-ch' yed e C'en H f Hrn Py, ndrd u -hng d b brhe er pr n gn Yg-e, nd ny need h r Brkng br, -n ed Lu-' Lu -' n, d d h pp pp Lc ch, C Cghg On y C g, -g pd rgh nrby C-p g, hr kpr, h vd Y-g r d brd, d h Chn Ch'ngp'g p C'g-hng d puded y C- ncd h -y n r rc pd p h rpn f h by revng h f h h u nc, -hg, d d ' by n p h hd d bnd v9 u Y-hg' dn, , B hy f rndfhe, -h' e n- n-h'n - hg- d hndn e u-h' nd u f -' grph tt Y-, ' n-n' u t ud n t f the t, d t t ud ut
o -h to Ch llg to Lt -hs tls us, Wu t o o o s th Ch h o -us vro has Cg-pg a to t - i xch o hl i gl tg Chig-ig so l he i, howv ht ruc W rom i ck b 930 L-ch so g Chg-u hil srvg D o co th Ckg rtil As It inqu o h Centra Mrti A Iu ig th birh dh t o rth In h pons ng- ng- sclo h L- L- n suing ith hang g t g o n i ot ret to ngnie or h rc condct h i I- a u L-s vrio, vn tho t to Ch-u outh b s Y-hng Chn Wiing, g -chih n Cg achi i O cor, hg- o o xli ho or h or by of woul l to oth ovc d ive ith n r l or thit . n Ftng d ung Chih-chin suortrs of h "o bo thi rtls arng an o he oter d. h L-c L-c nill ploed s e i Wu hoho Ygnien fr hee he i nt to wo a Wu ami harac in Hih oa. oa. h hen o Ch-chia-ko o ord or d ama n achin, an en te drid for ervan ervan Luh Luh p hip, hip , vnal edi t oo o Ch Cng-hng ng-h ng B syi an sptou ai h sus Chanhis t a a cct or t hght inititin At o o ntev s he qested his ge a rtue o g-ne her Yhsin t tu h s o for to er W n tv to nn, e tding ih Cg-pi, c ores that an
b jo n t to Chn-hsn o vn inion Chn-hin v v h h niion o hn Sn-n Chn nd n Tuneh, n Lu-hn, eizin h ot on o th , jo to th -tn on ti r t w her th e ti Tot og n th o pt of ti s nd vnted pn tunin th wd ut i tit, h w intoued b Wu Yin i g. I wer p o 90, C ponee n o pofi t hitn, Tn T n , vee to Che Che Vge ge to ove hi n n ot rie i the itor of t ihi hn T intie Cen Cen Cheg, e rno of Cn Th e o he ph i Ynen an t one ho oh h rvnt rvnt Aon Chenw Chenw l te Chen Chen Cnh nh hoe n he ll he e lanen n he n hll o Teh houe. When Te hu e he let ehn ww whoe eivel on e t uneel o an an o nine to ive n the hoe. A a ul uhn on pp we be n he wa en ak to Yn nien. Th lle ith Chen nn, nd oth hol eplan e ov-p o Y -hn oi in eli o el onione. Th o niint rent onion to he Yn l eo i th o enenaan Wu Tunn oe 198 d o C (Tih hn h n-u) s ea o u wih e-an n Yn oou, s 1919 fel en-a-o an nevews w na n a ensn un e ealy Reuli an eo u s veon s nue n any esets n onas a ne of ons of eave aee en n ote ue aoun. W es an
o ma m a w a o o o o a ss o G t a mat o t'a a om ' a, t Wu a apprad or tto u W arroa, La st s s o, o o r . was a ck f pg pg d dd aea ' C' f u o 'a's aa a, W dd , o afr lle o a a ap c Lr Yg d a nem nem o a Saon Saon k, d pg t , a a a a e o to at dd u a a a a' d d pd o cas, an ' a b W o a al. -g ole , Ju'g (o'a), rvd f c d d Ca F , t a oe. a alo oeae a lae pcd ga l a a , a as p ov o p osod a a feqe oove o Mu p fo eeo. 'n a o d p oa beee e ud C Fg-', e a- e T-c, d a la aad e o a r r oal eve of a Ya M W 'u-nan eo a Ta- a e e f 'a' ud, d a fr o Ta ad s P', a u leae m f foma5 tra ad o t l f a u hn ad pbe o ie e al f ud pen-ne P Y ff ee u o te at f e a ola. e fionaled L-'a, f a eaa
ourne to Honan a yn a - ater Chen Cn-in (o Can-n) eeated turned away t ma, ror o gun hef a m meda an af er of weeng Chn-n dooe faly te ater ar and accee a a tuen Com etng h tann wit in-g, e oe o eng, where afer fn a-ka founer, n Ha-chun, to a anoff, e caenge te woe ca mata t eabent Ate defeag coe, e rgn ree untl h ea, en son and he pren, an-ou, bee by ae en, Wan Lan-tn an-hou, dsgrace, an fo en ea to oe e ono of e fa nam. Late an-hou beae a ou adic, bt ee ack of tengh w able o ovecoe e ronet oo nnt. Wen e t Kang-ng sen o he an a owe bo ard and ot tecnue n tr , wea ekn n owe onl onl of ecnue, an-ou a e n u wer man wa aoca, an ta, fr a, e wa dff bwen C an Mau, mpn a o o av an e en na b artn art n n n a t a- n ano an o .16 Rad ay da t w onci wiy vn cu o u- u- ud a Hao u a o a p aan ad a o f y a au a ad r-n aia at ia a a na c n a i m i deoi i a a a , ay e o o a y aii da y a a ay ad e aa B a , a a a i
o xsg i os? s ss e , d ag, ag, bt bt tn tn e rer rer ih, bot ot o ory rps nd rk a b fd s coin If Hs and ' ' reerc s orrt, orrt, er, fiin acn f L-c'n's n' s ckgr c b s sirrg s he r f a a y o bcam matia ars str te Mh pi frmst trgt e ir, n fdr a ig tt mins ri mmt smisio: Fo Gratins f Y Of t m oms st st i e C' n fiy mls t im of a- t 8t r 19t et, n e first ad sec o frms r sti pctic pctic '-si's '-si 's sye is t st s " (o "l "l ( sis it fm t invaiv " ( a sm o sty p p b C'n-n C'n -n' ' r r u- d ou c C' Cp s d f '- '-si si,, L ad uaby au a " "g " rsis of t rs Fo Po ts) Sc F ( o) ccod o Ys, t l of -e fe u'a's t s "t Bxi (j-' o "aoo xig 7 Stiticay, fist e etios tie m f v sty Ti jdi rm Weii' cot Yg Shs rept f is ter cs cs li t pc coi m t r ih s mt g S ip e Sye an osto o sto n's n 's k n o P s ti sus i si er i ls s sot "re e o P-o tsssi r C V f t ee e e to to A A it s t "l "re "re '
Ste tt L-c'n L-c'n intce t -ing n i e t nnien, sbn stie te n, sm t wit Cen C'ng-'ng n eoe i n m ste, indicte b te ccnt f stent f H e-j. n i Self-Defense Aplicatios 'i Aplicat ios T' h C' 'i c c'n s-ng f), ng eng es s h i gafte, Lu-c'an, Lu-c'an, w intce in Peing b W Jcing, sings oe bote a ti eg (ci-szi) oe in te ii exon o Wag Hs-, ent of Cea a Hs seng, i is 1942 Ex osiio ofT' ii C 'i-ci 'i-ci c'an f c'n-tsng) c'n-tsng) escibes mi 9t centu Peking n te Mnc ctm f patoniz ing men of nuua tent. L-can as te oemos ti tist in Pekig s etine b o ewe te eigt Mc pice, n s was nickae nt n n te nicibe, bt Eit Los Lcn' ons, P-, 1837-82) Cie in-u, 1839-117), wee w ucces. S igs w e iig eime e tei te tt it i epted Pn- tied t w m e nd Cien-ou tempte uicie. n pte o ei ed id exeiece, te eepe pite atue. P-u w id t e t in demnttin i pwes, pain n een is wn ue His s, -' ' g, ce t e m ug-ie ien- b cnt, w ee fe ttcte m tue. Wn -w e t t Lc a, P P ien ien e e i e eiece Pce n, ee e i-ci i-ci . i ft-it, i-c'u e w Pice , wee e u u -, - , u -c' e wt Dke , ee e -i Le, L i-c ee i s e e te G Pe, P- see e ee G.
between the to garrisons at s tm d muc o sp te rurgene f C's ml ts nd e arta sprt i ger21 P-u a inu y y e s s s ee lsed s s sle, , en e mme s s s " (chung). L' -'s st set set s M, C' Yu 892, o o C 80942 was ouner e se. Hs sg st o en-ou, en-o u, ets t L''s ses te Mancu gar rsos e s ee W ', L han, ad h'an L -ch an's an' s , e o eve n aspec o L-ch skladess ellg, ad eutralzngut eutral zngut l Lu' Lu' s ssss equl esure es ure s r o r 22 - se to sccssor scc ssor ho-su ho- su Me Me gs a a g, Saoo 862930 ad ho-c ho -c g-, 1136 wo o evee o he expansv expansvee "larg "larg le, alhough hao tauht e compact "small stye s w w Ch' eg' eg ' sdet Hang en-sh, desg te sles of he o roh es, s ao-hou's style, st yle, "sa and hrd ...fst ...fst nd rted, rted, nd nd Ceng C eng's, 's, "on "o n nd o . . a a et et wh t 2 3 Not un late n C'eng' cee eto o te en sye p, c p canes o pace, and shouts nay dppear o or. In a 990 ntev ntevew ew shory efore hs deah, ar a ast an atl as hoa Ku uh reed s pressons of en-u and ha-hou 'en houg an posng gu o 30 pund h t years was ood-naure and opuar w t det, de t, whreas whr eas Shaohou,e hs unce Pan-ou, e o ll punces even wt rc nd aou tudn ad tus ad a ve sl oown.24 gre gre a a h'e us prestge, Huan nsan e us, that te governor o Canton ofered h 8 ve drs a Xll
oth to coe oth a eve eera me .25 theselves bef ore him.25
'-a who 9 cale ief he oy vi icple of a a Sao S ao-ho -ho ecre ecr e L-ch' a a are a powflly bilt a-ho a tall hn a ha oe a e-ho oewe -etwe ae eferec to a ecret a fom for ace applca to coii oe ta two hre moeet fo oly te t t Of h'eg-f' for o peha e-g Soh a Che-to o o a hi fat' at hog xeti the itratol ifece of Ch e-f itelleca itelleca iciple -chih a Ch Mach'i If the Che Che te pawe the a te al be qet tle owe thei oi iectl or irectl to a nflece W le of W Ce-ch'a cae hoh Ch'a a tet of a a-ho lho lho there i o eco of ow o W -hia -hia tie with a L-ca hi ao te that e pe ol a lttle oe ta a ot wit h'e h' e h'i-'i etaily t wa L-c'a who fir o ce W o te a W trase the a to L 1-, 1-, a L to ao o Wei-che 8992 89920) 0) W's ye ye s s fact ete ow a the ao le after Hao We chen a hi o eh (87935). Ha H' e S L-t'a (862932), in became he fone of the S tye 956 the ata t ivio of he Naoal Pyica Ecato oittee f he Peope' Rep c a eot to ct o tysic vares ad acate ppaao pbe ter Simpli ed ed 'a-hi C'an ea 'a-c c'a) rdc a eo pote fom ae wen of a 'e-' e-' -o tct poe h wa 5 e Tai-hi Chan Exerise ('a- ca -t) wch ceaed a aard rm e es a ad a ' '''
o. e o oie e r ome ro e 9, r er a reure o le a ic er I w ro Cen a W milis Y a a w cple om umble s o rl o Mac pn; w r C-s ed a iie a a-i wa adae r raice illec, he ick, e ery, oen T ang am hu eae eil by wi r aie iellec ould roe bo d fo el-rene n e reeaio f dii cre a roreie ielecl od r oeoe ec rom dal as I e rds o mri mril l ar oe, n Chi-z Chi-z (88-65) Who would have tougt tat te ar of he Ch' en's of Hnan u be iven o the wd by he Yns f Hpe.27
e Lierr rdiion: an Faiy Ci J a e were n e rrs b ier nd apor ap or o i-ci cn iily ii ly ir ir re i e raiio f e i aor b dieminor ad oeor Of foureen foureen ar 20h er er ediio f e Ya fi riio he claic srved by H , je oe o Kug J-ie, en ei- C-a, Li Hie-wu be rd i. i. Th re ic ic i e eiio eii o y a rsiin ie are e "Tai-i ai "W Tn-e Treaise Tii a, "e So o he Tiren Pre, "T Mn Eliaon o e Prae of Tai-i a e o Sar Y - i i e abee o ll e s f e nn iage, i age, eae onl or f
cicWu Y-hig. Li - "Pocrp he -chi ha laic ai-chi cha a el u u hiel oun e ex in a al hop u-ag o Hoa. 9 he roe o hag Sa-eg i he cooio o hee or ha bee ieie ie ie o coar ce 'ag ' ag o grobreag Sudy o Soi d Wug Sao-i W-ag ao ubhe i 1930 More rece ee he horici of g g-e h ee ueoe ore enio ocue o u Y-hag role rig he clc h of hi ehe Li colg eig a age g he. I W Yhag he cooe he clac a ha ggee er he heoreical ece o Sug a ehci hou - hig aral hg ahou a uer he prc coeaor hg ca uece o ucha a he Chgpg he u-ca lieie hee ex ce o beg u-ca o o preae preae . . o he oher h e accep he uhec o e Yi S r ii C Mu, ha ag ao od he Peg oo a a geie ha o Wag ueh a ao acce he ahec o Li - - "ocr ha ee he oce o he W aly mausrpts a he a hop W-ag he e icon u o a exporao o e relaop between Wag Tsung-e a he C'e am o C'en lage. On po he eae chla of e ory o ee marta artsHs Ce and 'ag Ha Ha o aerc vews Hs beevng tat Wag Tsug-e Tsug-e rgt e at to C'en C' en Vage ad 'ang 'ang ao tat e receved hee. Queon regardng ater te autorsp ad autet tese tets do ot ater the at that ang Lu-'a oud ony ave reeved te ro Wu -hsang -hsang I ag Lu-'a reeved te asss rom stuet
Wu - - o e o ee eee e Wu ss? e s e eecs eecs e g o eese ele eo o he ss 1-y i35 s exls o S- a e eo o '-h h'a e s g o ezlo s ezlo s ss es eolz a gg g g lo oigins. T'an oee, ejes epe, pog o h he eie o e e Li 1 mnuscrips, he 187 Ma 'e, 'e, a ll a e iog e o Wu hs s gsons, Wu La-hs Wu e l ie e o e o e Ioa hs c c o 'g, Yg was sipl o o e e so hea o ' ' own ips36 ips36 e ele lised om muals based based on e s ere no no o a uoshp s g, e e ie-ho a onde dug e lae lae ' of he Pekg Psc Educton Rseah e, psed wh us be cosdered i oe maa maall o ' aihi c'a n 1921, e Illusraed Illus raed Manua Manuall of T c ch h Ch n. C' C'eng-u' eng-u'ss stu de h'e h'e ei-g, ollowed is in 1925 wit Ar ofac an, fg potographs potographs o C'eg , 'e eimi hmse, ad ev Hs Y-seg dsin Pds wh Ch'eg-u. Fay Fa y 1931, SelDefese ehods of Tch Chn as u lshed h'egu' on Yag' ucated ens e ns e ebssd b i c o tea is, a quik d ro circuaio. A moe ole ole n v edio o C'eg-'s ecss as copd d used uder e tte ec om plee Prnc p caon onss of T T -ch -ch Chn Ch n i lca ples and ppl ase Che Cheng ngss Th The een en 193 hn a-h''s 946 ase ha pes on 'ai Cha (Ceg-tu t'a-c c' c' s p'e) p'e) hoe o s eac eacer, er, Ya Ya ' f, ev hile odn hile odngg e form d eaorat te t e
eoy. Eac of ese works is reresente in te re sen coection. Caer VI of tis antooy features foureen exs coied from a anscrit containin a toa of oryree, tat Sen Ciacen coied fro an Cenfu, ad Ku iusi pubise n hs Sties Sties oT'i-ci T' i-ci C C (aici cn yenci) in 1963 tou te dsosition of te reaing ent e texts is unknown to e resen writer, is may be one drecton rom wc to ook for utre reeases. o ae, en, ts olecton enoasss te oal of rerined matera anded down by ree enera tios of Yang aly masers. e frs thre aters o ts colcto represen te latest stage n the Yan famy tasmssio, transcrptons by sdets of Yan Cenfu Cenfuss ora stctons. Tir famar narrate o ma them ready accessbe to este readers, and for ts reaso they hae been ntroduced a he ben. Chapters IV trou V I conan matera n the "sere transmssos (c fo. Tese consst of short aoristic formulae and emoc erses co osed as tranig sos to facltate memorization and encode the essence of moement ad appatons. e fnal capters, II and VII, are a colecton of boracal lterare, otes on t classcs, and ms cellaneous commets. Touh ahere from many soures, soures, take togeter tese raents ad u to whole clot ad ae a cosstency o bot prcle and sit. As a ufed thst sa a centy of deelopent, tey clearl beo toether. Prf Dugas ie Bkyn Cege Spng,
N 1 h K. 1943 T'achi chan ao cen an snsou open a-ch had om, oadsord, woed wo ed e word, e nd spng Hongo: in-shn '- (ep e prt d, p 2 'a Ho, L-n 963. ch ch yecu (A s d o -c ch) ogon: h-pn-, p 5 3 Hs -s 9. -ch c' i 'u-chie (utate m o c c onong ang-g cin-ua h' pan-she (reprint n), pp 7-. Ao exped n Li T'i-h, ed, chec Te a of Wtng in C-ln k'-hse c'-pan-he, pp 73-75. 4 'n e- e- 19 Ta Tac c u u ( f t'i 'n on ongkon gkong Hn-ng - -pn- ( (epnt . p 3. S Chang Tu-h 175. 'a-i c'n a- u-su" (T vo vopet pet f tai-hi tai-hi ch'a and bblopy of . 4 8; ''T n Yan Cgk w w h hl l ck, Vol. 2 p 48; sh 'ah ha e h-k nso nc'g" (A on o om o h am or osu an '- c'n) 87 988), p 6. 6 g ng- c c'a 'y c'u Colte pncip pn cip an ppan ppan o i 'n. ' n. Cu- s c'pan- pnt, 175} pp 'en ng 'c c' t ce . 8 s cn 30. Kuc uy o Cin til ats). hgha Cocia Pes pp. 3-54. 9 s Cen. 1936 T'c c' 'o u A sy t tt o a- n I Tg - 9 T c' on c'n) ongg n-y t'u-s n 122 10 Fk'e, d Lejg 'an e ac c n 'an u pp 15-53 1 o n-ju 192. ''T - e--nen Wu Y anh'n 180 chounen" (Te pil o t'i- 'n ooan h t f Wu Y-in b g u (992), 0 2 Tang ao c an c p 154 S l ' 19 Snu w (Mt at o na. C'n'u, n-s -an-s p 8 1 g F -t' n Sng Chihn 16 - 'n Yn t-sh cha can (Bgp of an u-c'. c un h h hun 22 p. -2. 1 T ' ' an a c � , 154
15 Wu T'u-nan 1984 (Stdies on tai chi h'an). Hogkg: Commrcial Pres, pp 3-42 16 Pai Y. . Y L (The unofficial bioraphy f ang L-'an) instn Ch'h uc 17 s Y-sheng p 8 8 Chen We-ng 1929 (Questions and answr on t'a-h h'a Tpe T'ai-ch chan shhu yen hu hu, p 14 19. Qoe n a Tun-h 1976 "Ta-h h'n yan-li t tn-ao (A furher exanaton of the origns of t'aih chan) In rm Vol.3, pp 48-52 20. h' Kn e e p 13 2 Qoe Chn n-hs 197 T'a T'a h h'an yan-i ts t'an-to (A frthr eanon of the orin of tai-h ch'an) ch'an) n Cun-o u-h hh-lo h-'an, Vol 3, p 22 H Y-shen e 10 23 un Wen-sh, g k Quoed n Chu Chen-nn 7 '-h h'an lshh e yen-hi (A sdy of the oy of -h han) n gk Vl3 p 89 24 Yen n-u 1 ' K -n shngh'en -h t'n A sn with 'a-h ter K n hortly eore ea) W 1 1 3 p 24 n-n n 9 l e l (Anedotes from the Hng nwo o r rs) ngkng 'angng uou-n, p 25 26. Wu u-nan, e p 1 2. Qed K u-hn 92 T n s hgha Shng-ha hiao-y hu-pan-he, p 362 28 Chen k l pp 980 29 Id, pp -5 Cao s- 197 n en n g / c ol 3, pp 06; ang 98 O T Bg, hgton Azle rs, pp 3 d 32. 'g o 93 ng Tnge n ng yen( d ang sun-ye' '-ch ch'n cac ogong Unco re, 2 33 H Che c n l pp -9 ' o Tai n yen pp 63-. 3 Hs h T s l p 9 36 ' o Ta yen p 3
