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ms ugk pklknrk àlh`dk qum s`ig`h`dk «mspmrkgzkº y ms tkan`àg ml gbanrm qum tbak mstk rmv`stk eme`dkek kl mstue`b em lk bnrk em O.^.^. O.^.^ . Ublj`mg Ublj`mg mg ml smgb em lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk
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¡KVßGUKUM!
` t`mgms mstk rmv`stk mg tus akgbs (b mg tu pkgtkllk), pberák emd`rsm qum tm `gtmrmsk lk bnrk em O.^.^. Ublj`mg. ²Tknms qum lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk brikg`zk kguklamgtm dbghmrmgd`ks, tkllmrms, amsks rmebgeks y btrbs t`pbs em kdt`v`ekems rmlkd`bgkeks dbg ml augeb qum drmô Ublj`mg2 Lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk gmdms`tk sbd`bs. Ukgtb mstk rmv`stk dbab ml l`nrb qum rmdbim lbs Vrma`bs Ikgeklh y Èlhw`gm, tkgtb lk dbgvmgd`ôg kgukl (MstmlDbg) dbab lks l`stks em dbrrmb... tbeb msb mstë vkdáb s`g sbd`bs. Mstë vkdáb s`g t`. T` qu`mrms sknmr aës b yk cks emd`e`eb www.sbd`meketblj`mg.bri w.sbd`meketblj`mg.bri kpugtkrtm, mgtrk mg ww b msdr`nm ug dbrrmb mlmdtrôg`db mlmdtrôg`db kl smdrm smdrmtkr`b? tkr`b? smdrmtkr`bFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri
¡Um mspmrkabs!
Me`tk?
Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk @rmgm Nmrnmrkgk «Vkrakr`mlº
Vrbymdtb Vrby mdtb Krekrktcbrg? K rekrktcbrg?
Lbrmgk ^buimt «Ukrykwmg «Ukrykwmg Mrykº
T`stmak em Gbtkd`ôg Krek
Lblk Nkskv`lnksb «Krker`lº
g lk MTUML uskrmabs ml T`stmak em Gbtkd`ôg Krek s`maprm qum gbs smk pbs`nlm, ksá qum tm `gv`tkabs k qum dbgbzdks ml T`stmak y ml Vrbymdtb Vrbymd tb Krekrktcbrg. K rekrktcbrg.
A¿ Omsÿs Lkgzumlk «Tmlmrjëlkº Tkgt`kib Iª Tblëgs «Hkrka`rº Ekg`ml Krkgek «Ibvkggmgº Obsà Vkreb Vkreb «Vkrekikstº «Vkrekikstº Ekg`ml N`mlsk «Urbrº Xkgmsk Ikrdák «Mlhwygº Tylv`k X`ekl «H`anrmtc`lº
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Nkskeb mg ml T`stmak em Gbtkd`ôg Krek, ml Vrbymdtb Krekrktcbrg dbgs`stm nës`dkamgtm mg ug krdc`vb em dbgdbrekgd`ks `gilàs-dkstmllkgb qum rmlkd`bgk mg kanbs `e`baks lbs `g`d`bs y hgklms em dkek përrkhb, `gdkre`gkebs mg su dkpátulb dbrrmspbge`mgtm, em lks pr`gd`pklms bnrks em O.^.^. Ublj`mg sbnrm lk U`mrrk Ame`k ( Ml Cbnn`t, Ml Tmûbr Tm ûbr em lbs Kg`llbs y Ml T`lakr`ll`bg) T`lakr`ll`bg) dbg ml hg em lbdkl`zkr mxkdtkamgtm duklqu`mr tmxtb em e`dcbs msdr`tbs ekek ugk d`tk nkskek mg ml Vrbymdtb. Vumems emsdkrikrtm ml krdc`vb emsem lk wmn em lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk? www.sbd`meketblj`mg.bri
E`rmdd`bgms em dbrrmb?
mstmlFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri mstmlrmv`stkFiak`l.dba
Táiumgbs mg lks rmems sbd`klms
@ge`dm Dràe`tbs .................. Vbrtkek `gtmr`br
Me`tbr`kl .........................................; Lk prmsmgd`k em lk krkûk i`ikgtm mg ebs pkskoms àp`dbs n`mg e`hmrmgd`kebs imbirëh`dk imbi rëh`dkamgtm amgtm ......> Lks cumllks em lbs trblls em lks g`mvms sbg `gsbgeknlms ..............................= Ml Vklkgt`r e`dm? Drôg`dk em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg eml ^my Mlmsskr ........................................3 Drôg`dk em lk Mstmldbg >6; >6;99 .....;> ]g c`stbr`k c` stbr`k em Aus`dklms ........ ..........;9 ..;9 Dktk cbnn`t Jckzke-Eúa .........>> Vkrt`ek y ^mirmsb (X@)...................>4 Ublj`mg y lk hkgtksák ......................>8 Mg pmrsbgk ...................................>9 Lk (pmr)vmrs`ôg d`gmaktbirëh`dk em Krkibrg ........................................>9 @gsp`rëgebsm mg Ublj`mg? Ublj`mg? Dba`s`ôg em lmgiuks .................46 Dba`s`ôg em aÿs`dk y nk`lms ....45 Dba`s`ôg em oumibs ...................4= Dba`s`ôg em kdbi`ek kdb i`ek.................48 Dba`s`ôg em cuakg`ekems ........49 Dba`s`ôg em krtmskgák krtmsk gák ...............43 Dbgdursb ......................................40 Mgtrmv`stk k Obcg Ikrtc ................56 Ublj`mg? su s u lmikeb krtást`db ...........5= Vrma`bs TUM >6;9 ........................59 ^krmzks y rmdursbs sbnrm lk bnrk em Ublj`mg .........................................53 Lks rmdmtks em Mstmlwmg ................=> Vkskt`mapbs ..................................=4 Ublj`mg aës kllë eml aurb .............=5
@lustrkd`bgms
Vbrtkek? O.^.^. Ublj`mg pbr Hmrgkgeb Vbrtkek? O.^.^. Lôpmz Kymlb «Dr`kturkº Vëi. >? S`lbirkhák >? S`lbirkhák qum rmdbim ml abamgtb em lk ludck dbg lk irkg krkûk em t`mrrk Vëi. 4? Tcmlbn pbr Klkg Lmm Vëis. =? Pmt` pbr Nrmgt Cbllbwmll Vëi. >5? Ikgeklh erkiôg pbr Vktr`d`k Akrtág Vàr Vàrmz mz Vëi. >9? Dkrtml pbr ^mdbge`tk ^`dj Vëi. 5=? E`smûb y Hrksm em Y`ll`ka Abrr`s Vëi. 58? Ucm Ebbrs bh Eur`g pbr Eur`g pbr Vkul`gm Nkygms Vëi. 59? E`plbaks 59? E`plbaks pbr Hmrgkgeb Lôpmz Kymlb «Dr`kturkº Hmrgkgeb Vëi. 53? Akib 53? Akib mrrkgtm mr rkgtm Hmrgkgeb Lôpmz Kymlb «Dr`kturkº Vëi. 53? Nërnbl 53? Nërnbl pbr Mamrsbg Cu`lldkcuk Vklba`gb Vëi. 53? Tmûbr em lk dksk em lk hlbr h lbr Umrmsk ^kabs Eákz Eá kz ebrkek pbr Umrmsk Vëi. 53? Nustb 53? Nustb em e m Ublj`mg pbr Mamrsbg Cu`lldkcuk Vklba`gb Vëi. =5? @lustrkd`ôg =5? @lustrkd`ôg 9 e`hmrmgd`ks e`hmrmg d`ks pbr Dcmak eml Hrmsgb eml Hrmsgb Brtmik Vëi. =5? U`rk dôa`dk pbr Lblk Nkskv`lnksb «Krker`lº Vëi. =9? Nkttlm =9? Nkttlm bh tcm Vmlmggbr h`mles h`ml es pbr ^bimr Ikrlkge
Gumstrb kirkemd`a`mgtb k Me`d`bgms A`gbtkurb pbr su kaknlm e`spbs`d`ôg k dblknbrkr dbg lk TUM.
MTUML ms ugk punl`dkd`ôg s`g ëg`ab em ludrb. G` lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk g` ml mqu`pb me`tbr sm ckdmg rmspbgsknlms em lks bp`g`bgms mxprmskeks pbr lbs kutbrms em lks bnrks rmdbi`eks mg mstk rmv`stk, g` t`mgmg gmdmskr`kamgtm pbr quà dbapkrt`rlks. Empôs`tb lmikl? N-;60=4-08 @TTG me`d`ôg `aprmsk? ;808-46=0 @TTG me`d`ôg e`i`tkl? ;030-3=44
Me`tbr`kl Llmvkabs > kûbs ckd`mgeb lk rmv`stk rmv`st k MTUML MTUM L y pbr h`g gbs cmabs ekeb dumgtk em qum mg rmkl`eke me`tkr lk rmv`stk ms dbab dbd`gkr ugk sbpk. Gmdms`tks ug pudcmrb, ug luikr mg ml qum sm vkyk dbd`gkgeb y dklmgtkgeb ml kiuk, k humib lmgtb, s`g pr`sk, pmrb s`g pkusk. Ak`ls, l`stks em dbrrmb, cmrrka`mgtks em e`smûb, krdc`vbs mg bremgkebrms, bremgkebrms, prbirkaks em akqumtkd`ôg y me`d`ôg… Gmdms`tks dbd`gmrbs, p`gdcms, kyuekgtms, kliu`mg qum rmaumvk ml dudckrôg, qu`mg v`i`lm ml humib, (¡bob kl kiuk y k lk sk l!), l!), kliu`mg qum vkyk prbnëgeblk prbnëgeblk (¡s`g qumakrsm lk lmgiuk!) lmgiuk!) y dbgtrblm dôab vk lk dbdd`ôg. ]g mqu`pb me`tbr, dblknbrkebrms, akqumtkebrks, rmpbrtmrbs, hbtôirkhbs, hbtôirkhbs, e`nuokgtms, qu`mg mgvám ak`ls, ak `ls, qum ckik em dbgtkdtb, qu`mg rmv`sm lbs dbgtmg`ebs, du`ekeb dbg msk brtbirkhák... Gmdms`tks `girme`mgtms, pbr supumstb, numgbs `girme`mgtms, vkr`kebs, em lk cumrtk b eml amrdkeb, eml supmr b em `apbrtkd`ôg. Vbmaks, dba`s`bgms, dba`s`bgms, e`nuobs m `lustrkd`bgms, hbtbirkháks, krtádulbs, krt ádulbs, mgskybs, drôg`dks, rmsmûks, rmsmûks , gbvmekems, gbvmekems, pkskt`mapbs, pkskt `mapbs, trkeudd`bgms, dkrtmlms, kgugd`bs... Gmdms`tks mdckr lbs `girme`mgtms mg d`mrtb bremg, mqu`l`nrkgeb lbs sknbrms, lks tmxturks. tmxturks . Emd`e`r quà vk eôgem, eôgem, quà bdupk lk pëi`gk ;4, s` mstk `lustrkd`ôg vk kquá b kllë, lk skgirák, ml t`pb em lmtrk, s` cky qum rmdbrtkr b kapl`kr ug tmxtb. Kliu`mg Kli u`mg t`mgm qum prbnkr lk sbpk dukgeb duk geb pkrmdm pk rmdm qum yk mstë m stë k pugtb, ekrlm ml BJ kgtms em akgekrlk k lk amsk. Ckdmr Ckd mr ugk rmv`s`ôg h`gkl kgtms em mgv`kr lk rmv`stk k lk `aprmgtk, dbrrmi`r emtkllms qum sôlb sm vmg sbnrm lk akqumtk yk abgtkek. Lk prmsmgtkd`ôg ms `apbrtkgtm, lbs plktbs, msdue`llks, tkzbgms, dudckrks, ml akgtml, lbs dkgemlknrbs. Lk akqumtkd`ôg, ml hbraktb, ml pkpml, ml krdc`vb mg peh. Gb tbeb ml augeb iustk em tbakr ugk sbpk em lk a`sak hbrak, s` kl a`sab r`tab, ¡g` dbg lbs a`sabs utmgs`l`bs! Vumems lmmr lk MTUML mg dksk d ksk pkskgeb pëi`gks em pkpml, mg ugk tknlmt pksëgeblks dbg ml emeb, `gdlusb e`rmdtkamgtm mg lk pkgtkllk em ug bremgkebr bremgkebr.. Ms lk a`sak rmv`stk, pmrb sm emiustk em e`st`gtks hbraks. ²Ms ²M s lk MTUML MTUM L ug krtádulb krtád ulb dblikeb dblikeb mg lk wmn em lk TUM2 Kcá emokabs lk prmiugtk. Mgv`kegbs vumstrbs `girme`mgtms, vumstrks `emks y suimrmgd`ks. E`hugekabs lks kdt`v`ekems em lk TUM, sus trknkobs, sus mvmgtbs, sus mgskybs. @gdluykabs mg lk rmv`stk tbeb kqumllb qum pumek mgr`qumdmrlk, vmgik em ebgem vmgik. ²P quà gbs empkrkrëg lbs prôx`abs gÿamrbs2, ²lks prôx`aks akra`tks llmgks l lmgks ckstk lbs tbpms em r`dk sbpk dklmgt`tk2 ]g rme`smûb v`sukl, gumvbs dbgdursbs y kdmrt`obs mg rmems sbd`klms, aës `gtmirkd`ôg wmn y audcks, audcks dbsks `gtmrmskgtms. Bs gmdms`tkabs ²[umrà`s kyuekrgbs2 Dbg lk MTUML, dlkrb. Mg rmkl`eke rmkl`e ke k tbeb ml augeb lm iustk lk sbpk em sbnrm y yk gke`m dbd`gk dbd `gk mg pudcmrb… Ml mqu`pb me`tbr ;
Lk prmsmgd` prmsmgd`k k em lk krkûk krkûk i`ikgtm i `ikgtm mg ebs pkskoms àp`dbs n`mg e`hmrmgd`kebs imbirëh`dkamgtm? Tcmlbn, em MTELK, y Dcusc`iuab, em lk l`tmrkturk okpbgmsk Hmrgkgeb D`e Ludks
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e`hmrmgd`k em dôab dôab sm krt`dulkg kr t`dulkg Nmbwulh , Ml b Lk Dckgsbg em ^blkge dkgtkr em aáb D`e b ^ blkge , Ucm Lbre bh tcm ^`gis, lb a`sab qum ml Abgbiktkr `, sbg bnrks àp`dks qum okpbgàs Cm`jm Abgbiktkr` gb i`rkg mg tbrgb k ug sblb càrbm, s`gb qum sbg vkr`bs lbs pmrsbgkoms, aksdul`gbs y hmamg`gbs, lbs qum vmrtmnrkg sus rmspmdt`vbs kriuamgtbs, dbgv`rt`àgeblbs mg p`mzks dbrklms mg lks qum e`hmrmgtms c`stbr`ks, dbab h`nrks ug`eks, ekg luikr k lbs aÿsdulbs, humrtms y kraôg`dbs, qum dbgh`iurkrákg lks mstrudturks em mstks bnrks.
Lb qum gbs llmvk ckstk e`dcbs tátulbs mg mstm krtádulb ms qum mg lks ebs ÿlt`aks bnrks d`tkeks kpkrmdmg ebs abgstrubs krëdg`ebs dbg `eàgt`dk kpkr`mgd`k, qum smgebs càrbms
tmgerëg qum mghrmgtkr, y qum sbg ml lkeb bpumstb k lb qum mstbs (cuakgbs) s`ig`h`dkg. Mg ml dksb em lk krkûk krk ûk em Ublj`mg, Ublj`mg, Tcmlbn Tcmlbn;, gb ms ugb em lbs pmrsbgkoms pr`gd`pklms eml l`nrb qu`mg emnm vmgdmr kl mgimgerb, s`gb qum ms ml emutmrkibg`stk, ml h`ml dbapkûmrb em Hrbeb, Tka, ml Tkgdcb eml «ebg [u`obtmº (dbg tbeks lks dba`llks pbs`nlms) em Lk Dbakrdk, qu`mg lb emok humrk em dbanktm. K dbgt`gukd`ôg, pkskrmabs k emsdr`n`r lks pr`gd`pklms dkrkdtmrást`dks em mstbs ebs krëdg`ebs, qum mstëg prmsmgtms mg bnrks tkg `apbrtkgtms mg Br`mgtm y mg Bdd`emgtm dbab sbg lks kgtmr`bramgtm d`tkeks. LK K^KÛK? K^ KÛK? ML ABGTU^]B ABGTU^]B []M T]^I@Ô EM LK U@M^^K
S`lbirkhá S`lb irkhákk qum rmdbim rmd bim ml abamgtb aba mgtb em lk l k ludck dbg lk i rkg krkûk krkû k em t`mrrk t`m rrk
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Mg lk trke`d`ôg okpbgmsk, dbab tkan`àg bdurrm mg lk murbpmk, lk krkûk ms ug kg`akl l`ikeb k lks mgtrkûks a`saks em lk t`mrrk, k lb kgdmstrkl, k lb kgt`iub em lk drmkd`ôg: rmh`mrm k kqumllb qum ms kgtmr`br kl bremg qum mstknlmd`mrbg lks e`v`g`ekems b lbs càrbms d`v`l`zkebrms (Kaktmrksu, TuskgŁ, Emaàtmr, Vrbamtmb… Vrbamtmb…) y tkan`àg k ugk hmrt`l`eke y k ugk smxukl`eke emsdbgtrblkek. Lk krkûk okpbgmsk, dbab lk drmkek pbr Ublj`mg, ms `gtml`imgtm, t`mgm lk dkpkd`eke pkrk ckdmr ml akl
k pbstk, gb aktk pkrk dbamr b pkrk kl`amgtkr kl`amgtk r k su prbimg`m, s`gb pkrk dkuskr ekûb. T`g mankrib, ml br`img em kanbs krëdg`ebs ms n`mg e`st`gtb, a`mgtrks qum Ublj`mg ckdm k Tcmlbn Tcmlbn c`ok em ]gibl`kgt, ugk mgt`eke qum hum h um smeud`ek pbr ml akl, mg Okpôg gb ms ugk sblk, s`gb tbek ugk pbnlkd`ôg em krkûks i`ikgtms m `eàgt`dks, qum, kl pkrmdmr, t`mgmg su br`img mg ug pumnlb knbr`img qum ckn`tknk mg lks rmi`bgms dkvmrgbsks em lks abgtkûks, qum tmgákg dbstuanrms dbstu anrms ktrkskeks ktrkskek s y qum gb rmgeákg rmgeákg plm`tmsák kl mapmrkebr. Em kcá qum kliugbs rmlktbs em t`gtms prb-pktr`ôt`dbs > emsdr`nkg k mstbs abgstrubs dbg hbrak kgtrbpbabrhk. Mrk lk akgmrk em emd`r qum kqumllbs qum gb kdmptknkg lk d`v`l`zkd`ôg, lk v`ek rmilkek y mg dbaug`eke, dbg gbraks y dbg emnmrms dáv`dbs, sm ks`a`lknkg k mstbs kg`aklms, vmgmgbsbs y qum sm bdultknkg nkob lk t`mrrk, gmikgeb kl sbl, qum, k lk pbstrm, mrk gmikr k Kaktmrksu, Kaktmrks u, ml kgdmstrb k gdmstrb em lk hka`l`k hka`l `k `apmr`kl `apmr`k l g`pbgk. Em mgtrm lks vkr`ks c`stbr`ks qum gbs prmsmgtkg k mstks tmrr`nlms krkûks i`ikgtms, lk aës dbgbd`ek, y lk qum mstë rmvmst`ek em lbs rbpkoms prbp`bs em lk l`tmrkturk àp`dk, ms ml pkskom qum t`mgm dbab prbtkibg`stk kl irkg a`l`tkr A`gkabtb gb Pbr`a`tsu (053-;6>;) 4. Mg mllk, ugk krkûk em t`mrrk i`ikgtm, qum, smiÿg lks e`st`gtks humgtms, sm prmsmgtk nkob lk kpkr`mgd`k em ugk cmrabsk ebgdmllk, lk em ug audckdcb qum mgtrk k su smrv`d`b b lk em ug abgom nue`stk qum mgtknlk dbgtkdtb dbgtkd tb dbg àl, prbeudm ug trmamgeb aklmstkr k Pbr`a`tsu. Tblb trks suhr`r em h`mnrms kltks y pmremr irkg pkrtm em su humrzk emsdunrm qum, mg rmkl`eke, su mghmrameke ms prbeud`ek pbr lbs `ghluobs eml mgimgerb akl`igb. Ksá, sm e`spbgerë k nusdkrlb y k kdknkr dbg àl dbg su mspkek, emspuàs em qum Usudc`giuab aumstrm su kutàgt`dk kpkr`mgd`k y dbg lk kyuek em su dkakrkek, Yktkgknm gb Usugk (lb qum gbs rmdumrek kl mp`sbe`b msdr`tb pbr Ublj`mg, Ublj`mg, mg ml qum lk ka`stke mgtrm ebs cuakgbs ms drud`kl pkrk emrrbtkr k lk pàrh`ek knmrrkd`ôg). E`dcb pkskom, kemaës em mg prmd`bsks x`lbirkháks (uj`yb-m), sm ck v`v`h`dkeb mg dumgtbs, bnrks em tmktrb G Ł y mg pbstmr`brms p`mzks pkrk Jknuj `. T`g mankrib, lk c`stbr`k ml iàgmrb Jknuj` sm rmdbim dbg ugk prbsk mxqu`s`tk mg ml
abguamgtkl Cm`jm Abgbiktbr` , mg dbgdrmtb, mg ml emgba`gkeb «Dkpátulb em lks mspkeksº. Mg dkan`b, lk krkûk tblj`mg`kgk ms ugk mgt`eke hmamg`gk n`mg emh`g`ek, emh`g`ek , dbab audcbs em lbs mgimgerbs em lk trke`d`ôg a`tblôi`dk y l`tmrkr`k bdd`emgtkl, qum sbg sunyuikebs pbr càrbms aksdul`gbs, dbab smrákg Ameusk (emdkp`tkek pbr Vmrsmb), lk Msh`gim (vmgd`ek pbr ml `gimg`b em Me`pb), Mqu`egk (aumrtk pbr ml i`ikgtm Kribs) b lks ckrpáks (qum kamgkzkg k Be`smb y k sus cbanrms). Tcmlbn (MllkLkrkûk, mg lk trkeudd`ôg kl mspkûbl), ms c`ok em ]gibl`kgt, pbs`nlmamgtm ugb em lbs ak`kr smeud`ebs pbr ml e`knôl`db e`k nôl`db Amljbr. Amljbr. Ckn`tkgeb Ckn`tk geb mg ug tmrr`tbr`b tmr r`tbr`b sbanráb m `gcôsp`tb ms ebgem, pbr prbp`k vblugtke, tbaô lk hbrak em ugk irkg krkûk qum tmom gmirks rmems pkrk ktrkpkr ug ebg vkl`bsb dbab pbdbs? lk cmrabsk luz eml eák. Ms ml prbp`b Ublj`mg qu`mg dbamgtk qum
Lk prmsmgd` prm smgd` k em lk krkûk k rkûk i`ikgtm i `ikgtm mg m g ebs pkskoms pks koms àp`dbs àp `dbs n`mg n `mg e`hmrmgd` e`hm rmgd`kebs kebs imbirë i mbirëh`d h`dkamgtm? kamgtm? Tcmlbn, em MTELK, y Dcusc`iu ab, em lk l`tmrkturk okpbgmsk Hmrgkgeb Hmrgk geb D`e D` e Ludks Lud ks
Tcmlbn em Klkg Lmm
4
]gibl`kgt sm kpkrmô dbg e`hmrmgtms dr`kturks em hbrak krëdg`ek, pbr lb qum sknmabs qum e`dcbs abgstrubs yk mx`stákg kgtms em mllk, k lbs qum emvbrknk emspuàs em lk dôpulk 5, y qum tuvb ugk `gimgtm emsdmgemgd`k, duyb ÿlt`ab rmprmsmgtkgtm hum Tcmlbn. Kgtms em su kpkr`d`ôg mg Ucm Lbre bh Ucm ^`gis btrb càrbm sm cknák mghrmgtkeb yk dbg lk `gaugek prbimg`m em ]gibl`kgt, sm trktk em Nmrmg, qum dbankt`ô h`mrb dbgtrk lks cmrakgks akybrms (kugqum em e`amgs`bgms amgbrms) em Tcmlbn. Mg dkan`b, mg lbs ebs dkpátulbs eml l`nrb mg lbs qum mstk kpkrmdm, lk krkûk i`ikgtm ms emsdr`tk dbab ugk mspmd`m em iukre`kgk em lks rmi`bgms qum pmrtmgmdákg k Tkurbg. Tm lk emsdr`nm tkl qum? «G`giugb pbeák r`vkl`zkr r`vkl`zkr dbg Mllk-Lkrkûk lk Irkgem, ÿlt`ak c`ok em ]gibl`kgt pkrk tbramgtb eml emse`dckeb augebº (O.^.^. Ublj`mg mg? Lks ebs Ubrrms).
Mg ug pr`amr abamgtb, abamgtb, smrë Hrbeb Nblsôg qu`mg sm mghrmgtk dbg mllk, kyueëgebsm eml bnomtb aëi`db qum lm hum ekeb pbr Iklker`ml, ugk aumstrk em lk irkg aki`k em lbs mlhbs, pmrb Tcmlbn dbgs`ium dlkvkrlm su kiu`oôg y pkrkl`zkr ml brikg`sab em Hrbeb. Ms su h`ml ka`ib, Tka, qu`mg, drmymgeb qum Hrbeb mstë aumrtb, y d`mib em `rk, krrmamtm dbgtrk mllk y, gb s`g e`h`dultke, dbgs`ium, pkrkeôo`dkamgtm, «dlkvkr ml kiu`oôg =º mg ml dumrpb em qu`mg kgtms c`zb lb a`sab dbg su numg dkakrkek. Em mllk gb sm vumlvm k sknmr gkek aës. Gb sknmabs k d`mgd`k d`mrtk s` aur`ô aur `ô pbr lk cmr`ek cmr`ek `ghmr`ek pbr ml cbnn`t cbnn`t b s` sm rmt`rô ckstk ckst k ml h`g em sus eáks k su iukr`ek. Tá pbemabs dbgdlu`r dbg qum mg lks ebs bnrks l`tmrkr`ks k lk qum gbs cmabs rmhmr`eb lk krkûk kpkrmdm dbab ugk smr`k kamgkzk pkrk ml cbanrm, ms ug kg`akl kg`ak l qum gbs mgvmgmgk mgvmgmgk y gbs kdmdck, y duyb tmabr gbs kdbapkûk emsem gumstrbs eáks em [u`zë s pbr msb lk l`tmrkturk gb sm cbaág`ebs 8. [u`zës blv`ek em àl y gbs rmdumrek su lmtkl`eke lmt kl`eke y, k lk pkr, lk vklmgták em qu`mgms lks dbanktmg.
N@NL@BI^KHÁK KTCLMP, KTCLM P, L.^., L .^., Ucm Dbaplmtm Nbbj bh Emv`ls kge Emabgs Emabg s, Lbgebg, ^bnsbg Nbbj, ;009. D@E L]DKT, H. (me.), [u`gdm dka`gbs pkrk smiu`r k Ublj`mg, Dëdmrms, Mxdmlmgtás`ak E`putkd`ôg em Dëdmrms, >669. s`igb r` emil` kgmll`, IK^EGM^, L., @l rmigb em` s`igbr` ^bak, Gmwtbg & Dbaptbg, >66;. CBYM, O., Iuák dbaplmtk em lk U`mrrk Ame`k, Nkrdmlbgk, Nkrdmlbgk, A`gbtkurb, >664.
^M@EM^, G.U., «Usudc`iuab sŁ sc`? Ucm mamrimgdm bh k sckpm-sc`ht`gi j`llmr hmaklm sp`emrº, Ks`kg Ks` kg Mtcgblbiy Mtcgblbi y, vbl. LSS@@, g¿ ;, >6;4, pp. ==-34. ^]N@B, ^]N@B, D. & AB^KUKLL AB^KUKLLK, K, ^. ^ . (trkeudd`ôg, (trkeudd`ôg, me`d`ôg y gbtks), Cm`jm Abgbiktbr` , Aker`e, Irmebs, >669. >669. UBLJ@MG, O.^.^., Ml smûbr em lbs kg`llbs (4 vbls.), Nkrdmlbgk, A`gbtkurb, (e`hmrmgtms me`d`bgms).
; Gbanrm prbp`b qum Ublj`mg dbgstruym maplmkgeb ml prbgbanrm hmamg`gb «scmº y ug vbdknlb skdkeb eml @gilàs Kgt`iub, «lbnº, e`hmrmgtm kl aës e`huge`eb, «sp`emrº, y, smiurkamgtm, aës kprmd`keb pbr qu`mg sm mgdkriknk em mstm pmr`beb em lk lmgiuk `gilmsk mg lk ug`vmrs`eke. u g`vmrs`eke.
5 Vbr momaplb, momaplb, mstb ms lb qum ckdmg kliugks tkrëgtulks tkrë gtulks ame`tmrrëgmks dbg lbs akdcbs lumib em lk dôpulk.
> Xàksm, pbr momaplb, ml mgskyb em? TC@^KUB^@, J., «Bg tcm “U “ Usudc`iuab‑ a`stkjmgly dbgs`emrme ks kg Knbr`i`gkl Knbr`i `gkl Ur`nm bh Okpkgº, Okpk gº, Ucm Okpkgmsm Okpkgms m Oburgkl Oburgk l bh Mtgblbiy, Mtgblbi y, vbl. @X, g¿ 4, ;004, pp. 494-434.
= Tt`gi, qum ms ml gbanrm mg `gilàs em lk mspkek em Hrbeb s`ig`h`dk, prmd`skamgtm, msb a`sab? a `sab? «kiu`oôgº. «kiu`oôgº. 8 Xàksm, pbr momaplb, ml `gtmrmskgtm krtádulb t`tulkeb? «Ml a`meb k lks krkûks ms m s dbgsmdumgd`k em lk mvblud`ôg cuakgk‑, e`spbg`nlm mg? www.kap.murbpkprmss. ms/d`mgd`k/ru`gks-y-hbs`lms/gbt`d`k-a`meb-krkgksdbgsmdumgd`k-mvblud`ôg-cuakgk->6;=6568;3>855. cta (ÿlt`ak dbgsultk? ;6/63/>6;9).
4 Ukan`àg dbgbd`eb dbab A`gkabtb gb ^k`j Ł. 5
Lk prmsmgd pr msmgd`k `k em lk l k krkûk krkû k i`ikgtm i`ik gtm mg ebs pk skoms àp`db à p`dbss n`mg e`hmrmgd` e` hmrmgd` kebs imbirë im birëh`d h`dkamgtm? kamgtm? Tcmlbn, em MTELK, y Dcusc`iu ab, em lk l`tmrkturk okpbgmsk Hmrgkgeb Hmrg kgeb D`e D `e Ludks Lud ks
Lks cumllks em lbs trblls em lks g`mvms sbg `gsbgeknlms? `gsbgeknlms? Ublj`mg Ublj `mg,, ml «knbn`gknl «k nbn`gknlm m cbanrm em lks g`mvmsº y ug blv`ekeb càrbm em lk dbrbgk `gilmsk Hmrgkgeb D`e Ludks Lu`s Okv`mr O kv`mr Dbgmomrb Dbgmomrb
@GU^BE]DD@ÔG
C
ky, mgtrm lbs auy smiu`ebrms em lks bnrks rmlkt`vks k lk Ame`k U`mrrk, audcks prmiugtks em Ur`v`kl qum sbg aës jbkg em lk trke`d`ôg nue`stk zmg (kqumllbs kdmrt`obs qum gb mgdumgtrkg ugk rmspumstk lôi`dk b dbaplmtk) qum vmrekemrks prmiugtks pbsmmebrks em ugk dbgtmstkd`ôg dmrrkek b msdlkrmdmebrk. Mgtrm mllks mstkrák lk gkturklmzk em Uba Nbanke`l, eôgem
ckn`tkg lbs Amwl`ps b, lb qum gbs bdupkrë mg mstm nrmvm krtádulb, em eôgem suri`mrbg lbs a`stmr`bsbs trblls em lks lk s g`mvms k lbs qum Ublj`mg Ublj`mg kluem k luem tkg sblb Kpàge`d ms; k Ml em hbrak rëp`ek y knbdmtkek mg lbs Kpàge`dms Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs, dukgeb, ckd`mgeb rmhmrmgd`k kl Cmla>Qsklák sblb, rmy Cmla em ^bckg, e`dm qum? «Z Cmla vmst`eb em nlkgdb, y mgtrknk dbab ug trbll em lks g`mvms mg lbs dkapkamgtbs eml mgma`ib y aktknk k audcbs cbanrms dbg lks akgbs emsgueks 4º. Lbs Kpàge`dms Kpàge`d ms, mg mhmdtb, kugqum mgr`qumdmebrms pkrk lk lmdturk em lk tr`lbiák, gbs s`rvmg pkrk bntmgmr auy pbdk `ghbrakd`ôg kl rmspmdtb em mstbs mgimgerbs, kugqum ms kdksb lk ÿg`dk dbg lk qum dbgtkabs: ksá, s` cmabs em h`okrgbs mg ml emsp`kekeb Cmla «Akgb em akrt`llbº dbab mspmob em lks dbstuanrms em lbs `gdôig`tbs trblls em lks g`mvms, sá pbermabs kl amgbs msp`ikr ug pkr em ektbs qum gbs llmvkrák k amsurkrlbs dbg ugk dr`kturk dr`ptbzbblôi`dk? dr`ptbzbblôi`d k? ml Pmt` Pmt` b «Knba`gknlm «Knba`g knlm 5 cbanrm em lks g`mvmsº . ²ML PMU@ DKA@GK VB^ LK U@M^^K AME@K2 Kugqum k pr`amrk v`stk v`st k pue`mrk pkrmdmr mxdàgtr`db gumstrb plkgtmka`mgtb, gb pbemabs pkskr pbr kltb qum lks sbamrks emsdr`pd`bgms qum ckdm Ublj`mg em sus trblls em lks g`mvms mgdkokg nkstkgtm n`mg dbg lks qum trke`d`bgklamgtm sm ckg cmdcb eml Pmt`, Pmt`, qum, supumstkamgtm, supum stkamgtm, ckn`tk mg lk msdkrpkek dbre`llmrk em lbs C`aklkyks. C`ak lkyks. Aës mg dbgdrmtb, dukerkrák lk emh`g`d`ôg dbg lk vmrs`ôg s`nmr`kgk eml Pmt`, Pmt`, ml Dcudcugyk: em mllk sm dumgtk
Pmt` em Nrmgt Cbllbwmll
=
qum mrk mspmd`klamgtm v`blmgtk, qum sm kl`amgtknk em dkrgm cuakgk y qum, dbab Cmla --y, pbr tkgtb, dbab lbs trblls em lks g`mvms--, s`iu`mgeb s`i u`mgeb lbs rmlktbs em kliugbs a`manrbs em lks mtg`ks Mvmgj` = y Pkjutb8, sm kemgtrknk mg lbs pbnlkebs b mg lbs dkapkamgtbs em lbs dkzkebrms gôakeks em hbdks pkrk aktkrlbs y dbamr su dkrgm9. Gb maplmknkg
²DBGBD@Ô ²DBGBD@Ô UBLJ@MG KL PMU@2 Kcbrk n`mg, tbeb ml plkgtmka`mgtb plkgtmk a`mgtb kgtmr`br gbs llmvk k prmiugtkrgbs s` lbs rmlktbs eml «Knba`gknlm cbanrm em lks g`mvmsº, dbg sus e`hmrmgtms vkr`kgtms, humrbg dbgbd`ebs pbr ml kutbr em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs. ]gb em lbs rksibs dbaugms qum pbemabs mgdbgtrkr mgtrm lbs supumstbs «ktkqumsº em mstks dr`kturks, smiÿg tmst`abg`bs em scmrpks gmpkláms y em ckn`tkgtms em T`nmr`k tkan`àg, ms qum kgtms eml ktkqum sm msdudck mg ml luikr ug tmrr`nlm kull`eb qum pkrmd`mrk kgugd`kr ml ktkqum em lk nmst`k. P mg ml rmlktb qum t`mgm dbab prbtkibg`stk k Cmla s`maprm sudmem lb a`sab, ml rmy ckdm sbgkr ug dumrgb kgtms em ktkdkr, ckstk qum ug eák e ák mstm sumgk s`g qum gkek bdurrk, s`g qum Cmla vumlvk k kpkrmdmr aës, aur`mgeb dbgimlkeb. Dbg mstk `ghbrakd`ôg, sm gbs bdurrm bd urrm prmiugtkrgbs quà c`stbr`ks pue`mrbg cknmr `ghlu`eb mg lk amgtm em Ublj`mg pkrk drmkr tkg mxtrkûbs pmrsbgkoms. Emsem lumib qum lbs trblls em lk a`tblbiák gôre`dk pkrmdmg pkrmdmg mstkr emsdkrtkebs, tbek vmz qum àl a`sab lbs emstmrrô pkrk mlknbrkr k sus trblls em p`merk b em lks dkvmrgks, b, dukgeb amgbs, su `ghlumgd`k `g hlumgd`k gbs pkrmdm euebsk. A`mgtrks qum pkrk lbs kgt`iubs gbrumibs lbs trblls mstknkg auy l`ikebs k lbs nbsqums, `gdlusb mrkg pkrtm em lk gkturklmzk y tmgákg pbemrms aëi`dbs, lbs trblls em Ublj`mg sbg dr`kturks mstÿp`eks, qum sm vklmg em su pbrtmgtbsk humrzk nrutk, pmrb qum t`mgmg ugk dkpkd`eke em rkd`bd`g`b auy nës`dk. Vbr btrb lkeb, lbs trblls em Ublj`mg sbg tbebs em smxb aksdul`gb, a`mgtrks qum ugk em lks msdksás`aks emsdr`pd`bgms gbrumiks kgt`iuks lm btbrik ug smxb hmamg`gb.
Urbll em lks g`mvms
cmrrka`mgtk kliugk pkrk mstb, g` akzbs g` pklbs, lb ckdákg dbg lks akgbs emsgueks, dbab ckdák Cmla. Gbs rmhmr`rákabs, pums, k ug drápt`eb qum kpmgks s` sknm vmst`rsm dbg p`mlms b qum dbg su prbp`b pmlb, nlkgdb dbab lk g`mvm, sm dunrm, d unrm, y qum gb maplmk lk tàdg`dk pkrk mlknbrkr sus utmgs`l`bs, lb a`sab qum bdurrm dbg lbs trblls em lks g`mvms qum gbs rmtrktk Ublj`mg. 8
Kemaës em lks pbs`nlms `ghlumgd`ks `gh lumgd`ks skdkeks em lk v`mok trke`d`ôg gôre`dk, mx`stm lk emsdr`pd`ôg em mstbs smrms em lks g`mvms, emsdbgbd`ek pkrk audcbs, qum c`zb btrb `gilàs (kugqum gkd`ô mg lk vmrem @rlkgek), sm trktk eml tmg`mgtm dbrbgml eml Moàrd`tb em su Irkd`bsk Akomstke Dckrlms Jmggmtc Cbwkre-Nury (;33;;084). Emsdmge`mgtm em ugk rmspmtknlm hka`l`k em a`l`tkrms y pblát`dbs em kltb rkgib, CbwkreNury sm meudô mg ml rmgbanrkeb Mtbg Dbllmim y lumib mg lk ^bykl A`l`tkry Kdkemay Tkgecurst, prmst`i`bsk `gst`tud`ôg mg lk qum, kûbs emspuàs, ugb em lbs c`obs em Ublj`mg, A`dckml, mgtrkrák dbab dkemtm, pkrk irkg briullb em su pkerm3.
Lks cumllk c umllk s em lbs trblls tr blls em lks l ks g`mvms g`m vms sbg `gsbge ` gsbge knlms? Ublj`mg, Ublj` mg, ml «knbn` « knbn`gknlm gknlm cbanrm em lks g`mvmsº y ug blv`ekeb càrbm em lk dbrbgk `gilmsk Hmrgkgeb Hmrg kgeb D`e D `e Ludks Lud ks y Lu` s Okv`mr Okv`m r Dbgmomrb Dbgm omrb
Dbab ckrák Ublj`mg tkan`àg, Cbwkre-Nury rmkl`zkrák mg su ouvmgtue sun`eks k lbs Klpms, duybs pk`skoms y imbirkhák lms dkuskrákg ugk cbgek `aprms`ôg, y pkrmdm qum ml iuskg`llb eml klp`g`sab sm `gstklô mg àl, pkrk dbgsmiu`r, t`mapb emspuàs, irkgems àx`tbs.
puzzl`gi. Ucm dbbl`ms kssurme am tckt `t wks tcm trkdj bh k w`le, ck`ry akg kge tckt tcmsm amg wmrm bddks`bgklly tb nm hbuge`gi tcm w`lemst kge abst `gkddmss`nlm abugtk`gs.º0 P lumib, mg ml a`sab tmxtb, mspmdulknk dbg qum ugk pbs`nlm pbnlkd`ôg cuakgk, kgt`iuk y emsdbgbd`ek, ckn`tknk kÿg msks zbgks. zbgks . Hum àl qu`mg kduûô ml tàra`gb qum ck llmikeb ckstk ckst k gbsbtrbs em «Knba`gknlm cbanrm em lks g`mvmsº, dbamgzkgeb lk c`stbr`k eml supumstb «mslknôg pmre`ebº qum kÿg kliugbs kgekg k gekg nusdkgeb cby. cby.
Kl dba`mgzb em lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl, Auge`k l, kl `iukl qum Ublj`mg, Cbwkre-Nury dbankt`ô mg lk Nktkllk eml Tbaam, lumib hum cmdcb pr`s`bgmrb pbr lbs klmakgms mg ;0;3, pmrb sm msdkpô k lbs pbdbs eáks eml dkapb em dbgh`gka`mgtb dbgh`gk a`mgtb kl qum sm lm cknák llmvkeb. Lb `gtmrmskgtm em Cbwkre-Nury, kemaës eml Kgtms em àl, btrb tmg`mgtm vklbr dbg ml qum s`rv`ô mg ml dbrbgml eml moàrd`tb em t`mrrk, hrmgtm hrkgdàs, lb dukl lm vkl`ô Lkurmgdm Kust`gm Ykeemll smr dbgemdbrkeb dbg lk Bremg (;3=5-;043), dbgemdbrkeb dbg eml Tmrv`d`b E`st`giu`eb, lks amekllks aës `apbrtkgtms hum qum mg ;0>; e`r`i`ô ugk eml @apmr`b Nr`tëg`db, cbanrm kan`d`bsk mxpme`d`ôg pkrk dknkl y rmspmtknlm, mg su l`nrb mxplbrkr ml Mvmrmst, nusdkr rutks Kabgi tcm C`aklkyks;6, em ;300, ;300, y, tkl vmz, llmikr k dbrbgkr lk yk cknák rmdbi`eb lk prmsmgd`k d`ak (lb qum gb sm dbgs`iu`ô em ugks a`stmr`bsks cumllks qum ckstk ;0=4). ]gk mxpme`d`ôg qu`zë pberákg pmrtmgmdmr k ug kan`d`bsk, qum dbgs`iu`ô qum bsb, kugqum emoknk kn`mrtk btrks sm mgtknlksmg dbgtkdtbs mgtrm pbs`n`l`ekems, dbab lk em qum lbs nr`tëg`dbs y ks`ët`dbs, qum humsmg lks em ug irkg irk g cbaág`eb. rmdbrr`ô luikrms `apbgmgtms y qum prbeuob kliugks hbtbirkháks Lb d`mrtb ms qum gb pbemabs `aprms`bgkgtms pkrk lk àpbdk, sknmr dbg smiur`eke s` Ublj`mg dbab lk qum c`zb Akllbry Dckrlms Jmggmtc Cbwkre-Nury pueb lmmr b gb lks drôg`dks drôg`d ks em lbs eml ilkd`kr ^bginuj. P, ebs a`l`tkrms a`l`tk rms y mxplbrkebrms kquá prmd`skamgtm, ms ml gbanrm em Akllbry y gb ml d`tkebs. d`tkebs . Tá sknmabs qum lk mxpme`d`ôg em Cbwkreem Cbwkre-Nury ml qum aës sm rmdumrek, k pmskr Nury tuvb irkg rmpmrdus`ôg mg lbs ame`bs em lk em cknmr s`eb su pr`gd`pkl vklmebr. Lb dur`bsb em mstk mxpme`d`ôg mxpme `d`ôg ms qum ml ml cbgbrknlm Cbwkre-Nur Cbwkre-Nuryy àpbdk, qum sm brikg`zô ugk rmdmpd`ôg pbr tbeb lb lbge` gmgsm [ummgµs [ummgµs Ckll y qum mg ;0>> hum mgv`kgeb ugk smr`m em gbtks em su prbirms`ôg kltb mg ml lbge`gmgsm l`nrb em Cbwkre-Nury sbnrm pbr ml C`aklkyk qum sm `rákg punl`dkgeb mg sm punl`dknk yk ml ;; vkr`bs pmr`ôe`dbs. Mg ugk em mllks, lk eml >> em e`dck mxpme`d`ôg , qum audcbs sm kprmsurkrbg k dbaprkr y k ktmsbrkr mg sus n`nl`btmdks, lb a`sab smpt`manrm, ckdm ugk mxtrkûk dbghms`ôg? qum c`d`mrbg lks aës prmst`i`bsks ug`vmrs`ekems «Ym e`st`giu`scme ckrm kge hbx trkdjs: nut `gilmsks, dbab lk em Lmmes, mg lk qum ug obvmg bgm akrj, l`jm tckt bh k cuakg hbbt, wks abst Ublj`mg mgsmûknk emsem ;0>6. ; UBLJ@MG, O. ^.^., Kpàge`dms em Ml Tmûbr e m lbs Kg`llbs, Kg`llbs, Nkrdmlbgk, A`gbtkurb, ;039. > Lk durs`vk ms gumstrk. 4 ^mhmrmgd`k rmdbi`ek mg? cttp?//mselk. w`j`k.dba/w`j`/UrbllsRemRlksRg`mvms (ÿlt`ak dbgsultk? >6/63/;9). 5 Lbs t`nmtkgbs t`nmtk gbs eml C`aklkyk C`akl kyk sm rmh`mrmg k àl dbab O`ibu. = Lk akybrák em mstm pumnlb s`ium s`mgeb kÿg kg`a`stk, y sbg kebrkebrms em kliugbs kg`aklms, mg lbs qum vmg ml
rmhlmob em lk humrzk em lk gkturklmzk. 8 Tmrim` G`jblkymv (a`manrb e`rmdt`vb em lk Kdkema`k Pkjutmgsm) Pkjutmgsm) prbpusb dbab dur`bsk mxpl`dkd`ôg qum lbs dcudcugyks smrákg dcudcugyks smrákg ugbs em lbs ÿlt`ÿlt`abs supmrv`v`mgtms em lbs knbráimgms em mstks rmi`bgms. 9 GMYUBG, A`dckml, «Dcudcugkkº, Mgdydlbpme`k gkkº, Mgdydlbpme`k bh Dryptbzbblb iy? K Ilbnkl Iu`em, Iu`em, AdHkrlkge & Dbapkgy, Dbapkgy, @gd. >66=, p. ;6>. 3 Làksm lk mabt`vk dkrtk qum Ublj`mg
Lks cumllk c umllkss em lbs trblls tr blls em lks l ks g`mvms g`m vms sbg `gsbge ` gsbge knlms? Ublj`mg, Ublj` mg, ml «knbn` « knbn`gknlm gknlm cbanrm em lks g`mvmsº y ug blv`ekeb càrbm em lk dbrbgk `gilms k Hmrgkgeb Hmrg kgeb D`e D `e Ludks Lud ks y Lu`s Lu` s Okv`mr Okv` mr Dbgmomr Dbg momrbb
msdr`n`ô k su c`ob ml 0 em oug`b em ;05;, mg lk qum lm eme`dk lks pklknrks em? «ibbe ybugi sble`mrº. 0 Mg? cttp?//kgbakly`ghb.dba/L`nrkry/;0>;-dblbgml-cbwkre-nurys-s`ict`gi-sburdms (ÿlt`ak dbgsultk? ;0/63/;9). ;6 Mg sus sus pëi`gks >>4->>5. J., Abugt Mvm;; CBYK^E-N]^P, D. J., Abugt rmst tcm ^mdbggk`sskgdm, ;0>;, ;0>;, Gmw Pbrj, Pbrj, Lbgiakg & Irmmg, ;0>;.
9
Drôg`dk em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg eml ^my Mlmsskr Ta`kl lk D`àgkik em lbs aumrtbs
D
brrák ml v`ims`abgbvmgb eák eml dukrtb ams eml kûb 46;0 em lk Umrdmrk Meke y lbs hmstmobs mg cbgbr k lk prôx`ak dbrbgkd`ôg em gumstrb n`mgkakeb rmy Mlmsskr mstknkg pbr dbamgzkr mg A`gks U`r`tc (kliugbs `gdràeulbs e`rëg mg kûbs vmg`emrbs qum lbs cmdcbs qum am e`spbgib k rmlktkr trkgsdurr`mrbg ml h`g em smakgk eml pumgtm em akyb em >6;9, mg ug klnmrium em lk lbdkl`eke em Dmrdme`llk, mg lk s`mrrk gbrtm em Aker`e? gmdmekems, lbs qum kllá mstuv`abs sknmabs lk vmreke). ]g cua`lem irupb em
smrv`ebrms, kutbemgba`gkebs lbs Humibs Hktubs em Lk D`àgkik, ougtb dbg ugbs pbdbs y gbnlms vblugtkr`bs cknákabs mstkeb trknkokgeb khkgbskamgtm k hkgbskamgtm emsem ckdák vkr`ks smakgks mg 3
lk tkrmk qum Tu Akomstke mg pmrsbgk gbs m gdbamgeô? qum tbeb ml pumnlb humrk dkpkz em ibzkr pbr `iukl em lk klmirák k lmirák eml prôx`ab kdbgtmd`a`mgtb. Mstk ms lk drôg`dk em lbs rmsultkebs em gumstrbs mshumrzbs mshumrz bs y em dôab ml pumnlb em A`gks U`r`tc y lbs llmikebs em tbebs lbs r`gdbgms em lk U`mrrk Ame`k dmlmnrkrbg kqumllbs eáks em e`dck qum `gkuiurkrbg ugk meke ebrkek pkrk tbebs lbs Vumnlbs L`nrms. Lk lluv`k cknák mstkeb dkymgeb `aplkdknlmamgtm k lb lkrib em tbek lk akûkgk, dklkgeb
lks rbpks pmrb gb lbs ëg`abs em lbs qum, akeruikebrms, cknákabs llmikeb tmaprkgb pkrk mgiklkgkr lk D`ueke Nlkgdk, rmd`n`r k gumstrbs cuàspmems y kdbabekrlbs mg sus
ckn`tkd`bgms. Urks ugk smgd`llk dba`ek lbs hmstmobs qumekrbg bh`d`klamgtm `gkuiurkebs dbg lk dmlmnrkd`ôg eml @ Ubrgmb em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg, mvmgtb qum cknák s`eb kgugd`keb ckdák kliugks smakgks y mg ml qum tkgtb lk Imgtm Irkgem dbab lk Imgtm Vmqumûk tuv`mrbg lk bpbrtug`eke em prbnkr su vklák. Urks vkr`bs mghrmgtka`mgtbs, mg lbs qum lbs dbgt`gimgtms emabstrkrbg, b gb, su gbnlmzk, Nmlmi, ml nmgokaág y obvmg prbamsk em Gÿamgbr, sm klzô dbg lk v`dtbr`k. @nk trkgsdurr`mgeb lk tkrem y prbgtb ugk pmqumûk ault`tue sm dbgirmiô mg ml kue`tbr`b kdbge`d`bgkeb mspmd`klamgtm pkrk lk bdks`ôg, yk qum Akmsm Klnmrtb Hkgikr, mxpmrtb mg cmrële`dk em lk dbrtm, `nk k dbapkrt`r su skn`eurák dbg ml vulib kquml eák. Audcbs mrue`tbs qum cknákg kdue`eb k lk D`ueke tuv`mrbg lk bdks`ôg em pbgmr mg dbaÿg lbs dbgbd`a`mgtbs qum pbsmákg sbnrm lbs sáanblbs y hbraks prbp`bs em sus t`mrrks, y eáks emspuàs tbebs vblvmrákg k sus luikrms em prbdmemgd`k s`mgeb ug pbdb aës skn`bs mg mstm dkapb em lbs msduebs em lk U`mrrk Ame`k. Dbg lks amgtms rmplmtks em tbek kqumllk `ghbrakd`ôg lbs ëg`abs sm `gdl`gknkg pbr ugks numgks dmrvmzks y ugbs kpmr`t`vbs smrv`ebs mg gumstrk tknmrgk (em kdumreb, pumem qum gb sm s`rv`mrkg pbr p`gtks y qum lks pktktks hr`tks em nblsk gb smkg dkgbg, pmrb k vmdms cky qum ckdmr kliugk dbgdms`ôg l`tmrkr`k, ²gb2). Ml kan`mgtm mrk
`eôgmb pkrk ugk emabstrkd`ôg em lbs gumvbs oumibs em amsk qum lbs mxplbrkebrms em lk Dba`s`ôg em Oumibs Hmstmobs em lk D`ueke sm cknák mgdkrikeb em rmdbp`lkr k lb lkrib y kgdcb em lk U`mrrk Ame`k dbg abt`vb em kqumllk dmlmnrkd`ôg? Dkres Kik`gst Kik` gst Ucm A`eelm Mkrtc, Mkr tc, Ur`v`kl em MTELK, «L`nrb b pml`º, emabstrkd`bgms em Jbekak,… ]gk smlmdd`ôg pmgskek pkrk lbs pklkekrms aës mx`imgtms. Lbs dl`mgtms mstknkg mgdkgtkebs, e`shrutkgeb em lk aki`k eml abamgtb, lk nmn`ek (gumstrb akigáh`db, mh`d`mgtás`ab y cbgrkeás`ab pmrsbgkl em tknmrgk gb sm ckdm rmspbgsknlm em kliugbs nrmnkoms mxtrkûkamgtm rbsks y em dbapbs`d`ôg emsdbgbd`ek qum kl pkrmdmr kdknkrbg d`rdulkgeb pbr ml lbdkl eurkgtm kqumllbs eáks, sbg prbhms`bgklms dukl`h`dkebs y sblb smlmdd`bgkrbg prbeudtbs em dkl`eke) y lk numgk dbapkûák dbapkûák qum dklmgtknkg ml kan`mgtm (l`tmrklamgtm) y lbs dbrkzbgms. Emspuàs em lk dmgk, ml Akmstrb Mlmemr gbs emlm`tô dbg ugk smlmdd`ôg em dkgd`bgms blv`ekeks (y kliugks `aprbgugd`knlms) em lk U`mrrk Ame`k, rmdbp`lkeks mg sus v`koms y mxpumstks mg lk Lua`l`geê Dmgkibsk qum c`d`mrbg lks eml`d`ks em tbebs lbs bymgtms, kliugbs em lbs duklms sm kg`akrbg k mgirkgemdmrlks aës, s` dknm, prmstkgeb su vbz. Lbs a`manrbs em ug dur`bsb irupb dbgbd`eb dbab lbs Nkrebs Mrrkgtms sm abstrkrbg mspkd`klamgtm mabd`bgkebs, yk qum pue`mrbg vblvmr k bár kliugks em kqumllks aëi`dks amlbeáks qum drmákg pmre`eks y tuv`mrbg lk bpbrtug`eke em mgsmûkr y kprmgemr kliugks gumvks. Lks ÿlt`aks cbrks em lk gbdcm rmiklkrbg k lks pbdks kvms gbdturgks qum qumeknkg dbgirmikeks lk pbs`n`l`eke em dbapkrt`r kliugbs em sus rmlktbs hkvbr`tbs em lbs Eáks Kgt`iubs y gb tkg kgt`iubs. Drôg`dk em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg eml ^my Mlmsskr Ta`kl lk d`àgkik em lbs aumrtbs
Lk akûkgk eml 46 em knr`l kakgmd`ô dbg ug d`mlb mgdkpbtkeb qum prmski`knk tbramgtk, pmrb ml pumnlb mstknk em dmlmnrkd`ôg y ugks ibt`tks em kiuk gb dbgsmiu`rákg ckdmr qum dkan`krkg lbs plkgms. Lk Dbrbgkd`ôg tmgerák luikr kl eák s`iu`mgtm y lk D`ueke nullák em kdt`v`eke? a`mgtrks lk tknmrgk vblvák k llmgkrsm (sá, yk em numgk akûkgk, pmrb ms qum dbab sumlm bdurr`rlms k lbs hbrkstmrbs qum v`kokg k gumstrks t`mrrks, lbs v`s`tkgtms sm dbgtki`krbg em gumstrb mgtus`ksab mgtus`k sab y emd`e`mrbg dmlmnrkr ml ksdmgsb eml nkrdb em lk ekak Kr`mg dbg ugk okrrk mg lk akgb, y rmdbremabs qum ml t`mapb gb kdbapkûknk k lk cbrk em ckdmr btrb t`pb em plkgms), lk Vkstmlmrák em A`gks U`r`tc rmugák kl gumvb pmrsbgkl dbgtrktkeb pkrk pbemr llmvkr k dknb ml irkg pme`eb qum cknák rmd`n`eb em lks dbd`gks em pklkd`b, ;66.666 ikllmtks mspmd`klms dbgamabrkt`vks em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg. Lk mgdkrikek em lk pkstmlmrák qum kcbrk msdr`nm mstks lágmks ms tmst`ib em lk irkg lknbr rmkl`zkek pbr tbebs lbs trknkokebrms, qum sm mgtrmikrbg dbg e`l`imgd`k y mgtus`ksab k lk tkrmk, mspmd`klamgtm kqumllbs pmrtmgmd`mgtms kl pumnlb em lk Imgtm Vmqumûk. Kl rktb, trks kliugbs koustms em rmdmtk
`aprbv`skebs y audck klib em ckr`gk vblkebrk em pbr ame`b, ugk `gimgtm rmamsk em pkstks sm mghr`knk sbnrm lk mgd`amrk em lk dbd`gk ktrkymgeb dbg su blbr k lbs trkgsmÿgtms qum pbr kllá pksknkg (duyb gÿamrb, dur`bskamgtm, hum mg kuamgtb mxpbgmgd`kl, abt`vb pbr ml dukl tkl vmz lks pkstks gb llmikrkg k lk cbrk eml dkhà tà). Lk Imgtm Vmqumûk qum v`s`tknk lk D`ueke kqumllbs eáks gb sm qumeô ktrës k lk cbrk eml e`shrutm, pbr supumstb? pue`mrbg msdudckr ug rmlktb em nbdk em lk ouilkrmsk Klek, qum emd`e`ô qumekrsm msm eák mg lk D`ueke y kyuekr k gumstrk pr`amrk dbgdmoklk em hmstmobs ^myms Mrmnyml k mgtrmtmgmr k lbs Vmr`kggktc qum hbraknkg ml Dba`tà em Manmllmd`a`mgtb em lk D`ueke (qum cknákg rmkl`zkeb, rmkl `zkeb, pbr d`mrtb, ugk mxdmlmgtm lknbr p`dtôr`dk pkrk lbs aurbs eml pklkd`b) dbg oumibs y kdt`v`ekems kdt`v`ekem s qum lms pmra`t`mrkg pkrt`d`pkr em lk dmlmnrkd`ôg. T`g mankrib, a`mgtrks tbeb mstb trkgsdurrák, klib dbamgzô k mgturn`kr ml kan`mgtm em pkz, dbgdbre`k y klmirák qum sm vmgák rmsp`rkgeb. Vkrmdm smr qum ug mqu`vbdkekamgtm rmspmtkeb a`manrb em lk dbrtm 0
y k lk vumltk humrbg lbs ÿg`dbs qum dbgs`iu`mrbg kprbnkr ml mxkamg (kliugbs dbamgtknkg qum lk mxka`gkebrk mrk ugk kakrikek qum `nk k p`llkr, pmrb ms qum sm cknák pkikeb lk dkrrmrk dkr rmrk em cmrnbr`stk trknkokgeb em mgdkrikek em lk pkstmlmrák pbr lks gbdcms).
cknák emd`e`eb ckdmr pÿnl`dks d`mrtks sbspmdcks em euebsb hugekamgtb dbg ml h`g em smanrkr lk sbanrk em lk euek mg dbgtrk em gumstrb rmy mgtrm lks numgks imgtms em a`gks U`r`tc (lks aklks lmgiuks smûklknkg kl Akmstrb Mlmemr, pmrb tbebs sknmabs qum gumstrb dbgh`knlm mrue`tb gb sm vmrák gugdk mgvumltb mg klib ksá). Lks aës cbrrmgeks e`hkakd`bgms dbgtrk gumstrb abgkrdk mapmzkrbg prbgtb k skl`r em lks nbdks em kliugbs euebskamgtm cbgrkebs d`uekekgbs? ml smgmsdkl Emgmtcbr @@ cknák s`eb ksms`gkeb, gumstrb kakeb Mlmsskr ougtb dbg ml akib A`tcrkge`r cknákg dbgsp`rkeb dbgtrk àl, ml cmrmemrb k lk smgmsdklák cknák aumrtb mg mxtrkûks d`rdugstkgd`ks mg dbapkûák em gumstrb rmy, ml prbp`b c`ob amgbr eml smgmsdkl cknák dblknbrkeb mg lk trkak qum lm `geuob kl su`d`e`b h`gi`mgeb su aumrtm pkrk vblvmr lbdb k su pkerm... Kl ir`tb em «¡Mstb dbg Emgmtcbr gb pksknk!º kliugks em lks imgtms dbamgzkrbg k abstrkrsm prmbdupkgtmamgtm cbst`lms. Vbr hbrtugk, lk iukre`k em lk D`ueke kdtuô dbg prbgt`tue y dbgs`iu`ô sbhbdkr ml `gtmgtb em klzka`mgtb. Gb bnstkgtm mstm kdbgtmd`a`mgtb gb dbgs`iu`ô qum btrb mvmgtb tuv`mrk luikr kqumllk akûkgk, y ms qum ;6
Emspuàs em lk dba`ek lk tkrem trkgsdurrák mg kpkr`mgd`k trkgqu`lk? oumibs mg lk tknmrgk, dckrlks y mxpmdtkd`ôg pbr lk irkg dmgk em iklk qum mstknk s`mgeb prmpkrkek pkrk kqumllk gbdcm. T`g mankrib, dknrák emstkdkr ug pkr em cmdcbs qum tuv`mrbg luikr kgtms eml ktkremdmr.
dbg lk khlumgd`k em tkgtbs v`s`tkgtms k gumstrk D`ueke K ame`k tkrem mstkllô mstk llô ugk sm dbgv`rt`ô mg `apmrkt`vb kuamgtkr ml pmrsbgkl skg`tkr`b pmqumûk tr`huldk. ]g irupb em dukl`h`dkeb, pbr lb qum pue`mrk rmvblud`bgkr`bs ki`tkebrms, qum llmikr k pkskr. Lk prumnk pkrk llmvknkg `gtmgtkgeb sunlmvkr gumvbs nbt`dkr`bs cknákg s`eb kl pumnlb dbgtrk gumstrb rmy dbgvbdkek mg ml Nblmtág Bh`d`kl emsem ml eák kgtmr`br k iblpm em em A`gks U`r`tc ckdák ugks pksquág pbpul`stk, brikg`zô ugk smakgks y ugk irkg dkgt`eke dk gt`eke em rmug`ôg dlkgemst`gk dbg ml h`g ksp`rkgtms sm mgdbgtrknk hrmgtm em ki`tkr k lks aksks y lkgzkrlks gumstrb sbnmrkgb. k lk pumrtk gbrtm em lk D`ueke dbgtrk K pmskr em lbs mshumrzbs mshumrzb s em mspmrkgeb ml abamgtb mg ml qum dbamgzkrk? dbgs`st`rák mg ugk lk iukre`k pbr sbhbdkr lbs rutk mxpl`dkt`vk em lk hlbrk em `gtmgtbs em sknbtkom k gumstrb lk zbgk dbg mxkamg kl h`gkl. Pk rmy, pkrmdák qum kliugks em lks kgtms em mapmzkr kliugk ibt`tk amgt`rks e`dcks kqumllk akûkgk táa`ek dbamgzknk k emokrsm sm cknákg mxtmge`eb dbab lk dkmr, lb qum c`zb qum kliugbs pôlvbrk y cknákg dklkeb mg lk dukgtbs dbnkrems bptkrkg pbr pbnlkd`ôg? Akmsm Hkgikr (qum qumekrsm mg lk d`ueke, mg ml k vmdms t`mgm `emks auy prbirms) nk`lm qum gumstrb smiugeb sm s`tuô mg ugk em lks plkzks dbgdmokl em hmstmobs, Mrugtklbg, aës dbgdurr`eks em lk D`ueke y cknák emd`e`eb brikg`zkr y qum mapmzô k vbd`hmrkr s`gsmgt`ebs tuvb qum trkslkekrsm k ugb u gb em lbs mg prb em lk smgmsdklák hrmgtm sklbgms em pklkd`b. T`g mankrib, k lk tkg emsmkek abgkrquák. Khbrt ugkekamgtm, kamgtm, ug u g numg c`ob lbs qum cknákg mstue`keb klib Khbrtugke emd`e`mrbg prbnkr sumrtm. em Ibgebr, em gbanrm Ubluuuu, Lk dka`gktk dbamgzô y lk kdue`ô k kpbrtkr klib em rkzôg mxka`gkebrk `nk ekgeb ektbs k sus emsvkrábs y k cknlkr mg k ame`ek qum kvkgzknkg, hkvbr em gumstrb rmy. Tm bákg a`mgtrks rmsblvák lks prmiugtks kdlkakd`bgms y knudcmbs, lk mghmnrmd`ek, lks pmlmks qum suriákg, komgk ckstk nkstkgtm nkstk gtm ault`tue mghmnrmd`ek, kvkgzkeb ml dka`gb kl cmdcb mstkllknkg pbr ebqu`mr... Lk mrk tkl qum, h`gklamgtm, lk em qum su irupb em smiu`ebrms tmgs`ôg mrk s`tukd `ôg sm vblv`ô vblv`ô `gdbgtrblknlm sm `nk rmeud`mgeb pbdb k pbdb s`tukd`ôg emn`eb k ugk akg`bnrk em y sm emsmghugekrbg lks mspkeks. rmzkib-emsmrd`ôg mstrktài`dk Gumvkamgtm gumstrk numgk pmrhmdtkamgtm momdutkek. iukre`k c`zb su kpkr`d`ôg y, Gumvkamgtm ml mgtus` mgtus`ksab ksab em lk Mru ame`kgtm, gb hum gmdmskr`b `gd`emgtms. Imgtm Vmqumûk hum amabrknlm lkamgtkr `gd`emgtms. Drôg`dk em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg eml ^my Mlmsskr Ta`kl lk d`àgkik em lbs aumrtbs
A`mgtrks tkgtb, ug pmqumûb irupb em dcklkebs klqu`a`stks cknákg emd`e`eb msdbimr msm abamgtb pkrk rmvmlkr kl pumnlb em A`gks U`r`tc lk mx`stmgd`k em su sbd`meke smdrmtk m `gv`tkr k qu`mg qu`s`mrk k ug`rsm k mllbs. Ml láemr em lk sbd`meke em klqu`a`k, Xádtbr Akigus, mxpl`dô k lbs gumvbs a`manrbs kliugks em sus rmdmtks smdrmtks, pmrb dbab rmzk ml lmak, «lk pr`amrk rmilk eml dlun em klqu`a`k ms gb cknlkr eml dlun em klqu`a`kº, ksá qum e`dcks rmdmtks gugdk humrbg rmvmlkeks k lbs gb kea`t`ebs (kliugbs e`dmg rmdbrekr ugk mspmd`m em Dblk Dkb dbg irua`tbs y ug dcbrrmtkzb em rbg, ugk dbsk vmrem dbg vbejk ―qum mstknk auy numgk―, r`s`tks pbr ebqu`mr, hkgib mg lk amsk y ugks dukgtks dbpks em aës, em kcá qum «e`ikg rmdbrekrº). H`gklamgtm llmiô lk gbdcm y dbg mllk ml abamgtb ëli`eb? lk irkg dmgk em iklk qum gumstrb rmy cknák `gs`st`eb mg dmlmnrkr mg lk D`ueke. K pmskr eml hráb gbdturgb ml kan`mgtm mstknk
Drôg`dk em lk Dbrbgkd`ôg eml ^my Mlmsskr Ta`kl lk d`àgkik em lbs aumrtbs
dklemkeb, ugk numgk dkgt`eke em akgokrms emsh`lknkg pbr lks amsks y lks dkgd`bgms gb tkrekrbg mg emokrsm bár, y gb pkrkrbg em ckdmrlb k lb lkrib em tbek lk dmgk. Lks r`sks y lk klmirák k lmirák sm emsnbrekrbg y pkrk dukgeb kdknô ml nkgqumtm lk h`mstk mrk yk `apkrknlm? lk tknmrgk vblv`ô k llmgkrsm (sá, kÿg qumeknk iàgmrb, tkgtb prbp`b dbab kldbcbl em dbgtrknkgeb), ml sklôg em nkgqumtms klboô k btrb irup`tb y btrbs tkgtbs bdupkrbg ml sklôg em dbghmrmgd`ks eml pklkd`b.
Mlhbs gbs rmlktkrbg lk c`stbr`k eml ourkamgtb em Hêkgbr y lk aktkgzk em lbs cmrakgbs, sbnrm lk qum pue`abs rmhlmx`bgkr y mxtrkmr mgsmûkgzks qum kpl`dkr em kcbrk mg kemlkgtm pkrk ksmiurkr lk prbspmr`eke em gumstrb pumnlb mg mstk gumvk mrk. A`mgtrks gbs mgdbgtrënkabs kllá rmug`ebs msdudckgeb lks kgt`iuks amabr`ks, s`g prmv`b kv`sb, ug dumrgb sbgô mg lbgtkgkgzk? lk mspmrk cknák dbgdlu`eb, gumstrb rmy, Krkibrg @@, Mlmsskr V`merk em Mlhb, kdknknk em smr dbrbgkeb mg ^ktc Eágmg, hrmgtm k lks pumrtks em lk D`ueke. ¡^mibd`okbs, c`obs em Ibgebr! ¡Klmirkbs, Vumnlbs L`nrms! Lk Tbanrk ck dkáeb, ml ^my ck vumltb y pbr ebqu`mr tbeb sbg prmski`bs em prbspmr`eke y pkz? sm kdmrdkg numgbs t`mapbs. ¡X`vk ml ^my! ¡X`vk Ibgebr!
Ml kakgmdmr eml pr`amrb em akyb emspugtô rmvmlkgeb ug d`mlb emspmokeb. Lk gbdcm sm llmvô lk lluv`k y ml klnk trkob dbgs`ib ml sbl, qum sm emoknk vmr pbr pr`amrk vmz mg trms eáks, dbab s` tkan`àg mllk cbgrkrk k gumstrb gumvb abgkrdk. Hum Drôg`dk dbaplmtkek dbg kqumllk ugk obrgkek sblmagm amabr` ks qum dbamgzô rmdbrekgeb hrkiamgtbs em lks amabr`ks lks c`stbr`ks em lbs Mlekr em em Akmsm Hkgikr, lk dbgdmoklk lbs Eáks Kgt`iubs. Kliugbs Mrmnyml y Karbtc em Gÿamgbr. Du`ek e Nlkgdk, Nlkgdk , mg ml em lbs Vr`amrbs Gkd`ebs qum Mg lk Du`eke cknákg kdue`eb k prmsmgd`kr lk eàd`ab ams eml kûb 46;0 em lk dbrbgkd`ôg eml rmy ka`ib em lbs Umrdmrk Meke
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Ml eák mg qum am dbgvmrtá mg Ttr`emr? a` drôg`dk em lk Mstmldbg >6;9 Bsdkr Gm`rks «Ttr`emrº
M
Lk Amrmtc Kemrtcke ms lk irkg rmug`ôg em lbs a`manrbs em lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg pkrk pkskr ugbs eáks `gamrsbs mg ug augeb em hkgtksák, cuabr, dkakrkemrák y dulturk mg aÿlt`plms hbraks... ckd`mgeb lb qum k tbebs gbs iustk, lmmr k Ublj`mg. Mstm kûb ck tmg`eb luikr eml ;> kl ;= em bdtunrm mg Ubrtbsk. ;>
sdr`nb mstks lágmks kÿg rmgqumkgtm, k pmskr em qum ckg s`eb yk d`gdb eáks emsem lk emspme`ek, tkgtb hás`dk dbab kgáa`dkamgtm. Hás`dk pbrqum, trks ugk bpmrkd`ôg em amg`sdb ml ;4 em smpt`manrm, cknák emokeb pbr h`g ml nkstôg tkg sôlb ml eák kgtms eml `g`d`b `g `d`b em lk Mstmldbg, y am amtá mg dumrpb y klak mg ckdmr cbgbr k a` gbanrm eml ug`vmrsb Ublj`mg, rmdbrr`mgeb `gdkgsknlmamgtm lbs `gtmra`gknlms pks`llbs eml Tma`gkr`b em Ubrtbsk, kaàg em iu`kr kl k l irupb mg lk ksdmgs`ôg k A`rkvmt, lb qum am ck pkskeb hkdturk. Mabd`bgklamgtm pbrqum e`md`bdcb amsms em plkg`h`dkd`ôg y mshumrzb y ugk abgtkûk rusk em mabd`bgms gb sm nbrrkg em lk amabr`k pbr audcb qum ckyks duapl`eb ml bnomt`vb. [umem dlkrb qum gb ms ugk qumok, s`aplmamgtm lk dbgstktkd`ôg em qum klib ksá tm akrdk, y qum llmvk t`mapb rmdupmrkrsm. ²Xkl`ô lk pmgk tbeb mstm mshumrzb dbrkl, tbeb mstm skdr`h`d`b2 Kÿg ms prbgtb pkrk mvklukrlb mg tbek su e`amgs`ôg, pmrb s` mg klib mstby skt`shmdcb ms mg, dukgtb amgbs, vmr lks dkrks em skt`shkdd`ôg y lks sbgr`sks em lbs ks`stmgtms. T` ckg s`eb prbp`d`keks kugqum smk `ge`rmdtkamgtm pbr gumstrk kdd`ôg am eby pbr skt`shmdcb. ^mdumreb lks smakgks kgtms eml mvmgtb dbab msm trkab h`gkl em ugk akrktôg mg lk qum e`v`sks yk ml mstke`b, pmrb kÿg mstë lmobs y mg lb kltb em ugk dbl`gk, dbl`gk , sknms qum yk hkltk amgbs pmrb kÿg qumek dka`gb pbr rmdbrrmr, em cmdcb ml aës eurb. Kl cmdcb em `gtmgtkr ktmgemr k tbeks lks
pmt`d`bgms m ult`akr lbs emtkllms eml prbp`b mvmgtb sm suaô ug hkdtbr mxtmrgb qum kûkeák ug `apbrtkgtm hkdtbr em r`msib kl gbrakl emvmg`r. ¡Bs ksmiurb qum lk Imgmrkl`tkt emd`e`ô lks hmdcks eml rmhmràgeua audcb emspuàs em qum gbsbtrbs tuv`àsmabs tbeb dmrrkeb y kdbrekeb! Ml cmdcb em qum humsm mg t`mrrks eml Mnrb y gb mg lk zbgk em Nkrdmlbgk kyueknk k rmeud`r lk kgs`meke, pmrb lk mspkek em Ekabdlms em pbs`nlms dbrtms em dkrrmtmrks, prbtmstks (msb sá, pkdáh`dks) pkdáh `dks) mg lk prbp`k prbp`k pbnlkd`ôg em Ubrtbsk b ug pkrôg imgmrkl dbab ml qum tuvb luikr ml 4 em bdtunrm mstknkg kcá. Mru tuvb dbapks`ôg em gbsbtrbs y qu`sb qum tbeb gumstrb mshumrzb gb humsm mg nklem pbr mlmamgtbs mxtmrgbs k gumstrb dbgtrbl… pmrb gbs e`b ug tbqum em ktmgd`ôg. Emsem qum mapmzkabs k nkrkokr lk pbs`n`l`eke em prmsmgtkr dkge`ekturk k dmlmnrkr ugk Mstmldbg, mg ugk lmokgk yk pr`akvmrk em >6;8, ml cmdcb em ckdmr em su msdmgkr`b ug prbtkibg`stk emstkdkeb emspugtô rëp`ekamgtm. Pb cknák mstkeb rmd`mgtmamgtm mg A`rkvmt y am cknák mgkabrkeb eml dkst`llb tmaplkr`b, tmaplkr`b, tkgtb pbr un`dkd`ôg sbnrm ml ráb qum e`b gbanrm k gumstrk pmgágsulk y k su pumnlb br`i`gkr`b dbab pbr su mspmdtkdulkr`eke y akrdb e`hád`lamgtm supmrknlms. Vrbgtb emspmrtô pks`ôg m `lus`ôg pbr pkrtms `iuklms mgtrm lbs a`manrbs em Lôr`mg qum tkan`àg lb dbgbdákg, pmrb suri`ô ml rmtb em klnmrikr k ug irupb `apbrtkgtm em pmrsbgks y
tbeks lks kdt`v`ekems ksbd`keks, qum sm abstrô dbapl`dkeb mg lk zbgk. T`g emshkllmdmr suri`ô lk bpd`ôg (irkd`ks Akrikr`ek) eml Tma`gkr`b em Ubrtbsk, qum, kugqum gb tkg dmrdkgb, sá smiuák ml mspár`tu em A`gks U`r`tc y ml Kgeuág, tmaët`dk qum tkan`àg mgdkoô prbgtb dbg ml mgtbrgb. Ml rmtb, s`g euek, mrk dmlmnrkr ugk dmgk em iklk mg ug ausmb, yk qum pmrtmgmdm kl Ausmb em C`stbr`k em Dktklugyk, qum smrák lk p`ãdm em ràs`stkgdm em gumstrk h`mstk. X`mgeb lk `lus`ôg imgmrkek pbr ml mvmgtb, y mg ug mspár`tu em ekr ug pksb kemlkgtm, am bhrmdá, dbab prbhms`bgkl em lk imst`ôg em prbymdtbs y mqu`pbs, k dbbre`gkr ml mshumrzb.
Ml àxtks`s y ml tbramgtb (mg msm bremg) Urks mstm prmëanulb, qum dbgs`emrb gmdmskr`b pkrk ekr dbgtmxtb, bs pbgib `g ame`ks rms mg lk akeruikek eml sënkeb kl eba`gib? Mrkg pbdb aës em lks 66?46 em lk akeruikek, y cknákabs emokeb yk lk irkg iklk qum cknák s`eb, mg nbdk em tbebs, ug irkg àx`tb, mapmzkgeb pbr ml pksb em nkrdk, ml ÿlt`ab s`g abtbr qum qumek mg ml Mnrb, pkskgeb pbr lk mspmdtkdulkr sun`ek kl dkst`llb dbg sus v`stks, lk sbnr`k pmrb mabt`vk dmrmabg`k y dula`gkgeb mg ug kpmr`t`vb y sbnrm tbeb ug nkgqumtm mg lk kgt`iuk `ilms`k (lk pr`amrk vmz qum sm ckdák mg tbebs sus kûbs dbab ausmb y, pbs`nlmamgtm, em su e`lktkek c`stbr`k) ebgem ebgem lk numgk dba`ek sm dban`gô dbg ug mstupmgeb kan`mgtm. Hum ug irkg mvmgtb, y ug abamgtb em irkg skt`shkdd`ôg pbr cknmr pbe`eb dmlmnrkrlb dbg àx`tb. Llmiënkabs tbebs, dbab e`ib, mg ug irkg kan`mgtm y ug
sun`eôg em numg rbllb dukgeb, kl mstkr ug rktb yk mspmrkgeb y pkskr lk cbrk dukgeb emnákg llmikr lbs a`drbnusms qum llmvkrákg k lk pr`amrk a`tke em
`gv`tkebs k ug kutbdkr irkgem qum lms mspmrknk mg ml pumnlb, su gb kpkr`d`ôg emspmrtô ml pr`amr kv`sb em qum klib mstknk rbap`mgeb ml iu`ôg qum tkgtb trknkob cknák dbstkeb abgtkr. Mg smiu`ek llkaà kl dbgeudtbr, y, pkrk a` ksbanrb, am trkgsa`t`ô lb qum gke`m, g` tkg sblb lbs mstupmgebs kgh`tr`bgms, kgh `tr`bgms, lbs imstbrms eml dkst`llb, cknákg dbgtmaplkeb (yk qum ms ckn`tukl ckn`tuk l qum lbs a`drbnusms llmvmg irupbs kl dkst`llb)? ug dbdcm mstknk akl kpkrdkeb mg ml pmbr luikr pbs`nlm, ml `g`d`b em lk sun`ek kl dkst`llb, y gb pbeákg pkskr lbs a`drbnusms (hlmtkebs mxprmskamgtm pkrk pbemr dunr`r lk tbrtubsk dkrrmtmrk em kddmsb). ²[uà ckdákabs, uskr ml vmcádulb pr`vkeb pkrk llmvkr k imgtm2 Gb, pbrqum mgtbgdms ml tkpôg dbg lbs a`drbnusms smrák kÿg pmbr…gb qumeknk aës rmame`b qum mspmrkr k vmr s` sm pbeák sblud`bgkr, cknlkgeb dbg ml prbp`b dkst`llb (qum t`mgm lágmk e`rmdtk dbg ml kyugtka`mgtb). «Lk irÿk yk gb hugd`bgk k mstks cbrksº, am e`dmg. H`gklamgtm llkab em gumvb y am `ge`dkg qum ml a`drbnÿs pmqumûb sá cknák pkskeb, gb s`g irkg e`h`dultke, y mstknk sun`mgeb.
Ml eák mg m g qum am dbgvmr d bgvmrtá tá mg Ttr`em Ttr `emr? r? a` drôg`d dr ôg`dkk em lk Mstmld M stmldbg bg >6;9 Bsdkr Gm`rks «Ttr`emrº
@game`ktkamgtm suimrá qum lbs vmcádulbs pr`vkebs qum qumeknkg qum gb humsmg brikg`zkd`ôg maprmge`msmg lk akrdck pkrk, dukgeb amgbs, `r prmpkrkgeb lk gbdcm `gtmapbrkl. Mrkg lks ;>?=6 yk dukgeb llmiô ml pr`amrb, y am kv`skg qum sôlb pberák smr àstm ml qum c`d`msm lbs trkymdtbs, em >> mg >> mg vmz em =6 mg =6 (ebs v`koms), y tkrekgeb aës emn`eb emn`eb k lk e`h`dultke eml pksb. ^ëp`ekamgtm map`mzb k dbaug`dkr dbaug`dk r lk aklk gbt`d`k k lbs qum mstënkabs mspmrkgeb. X`mgeb dbab ml a`drbnÿs tkrek >6 a`gutbs, a`gutbs , mg vmz vmz em lbs ckn`tuklms ckn`tuk lms ;6, map`mzkg map`mzkg k skltkr lks klkraks mg a` dknmzk ¡Lk Lua`l`gem, lk gbdcm `gtmapbrkl! Map`mzb k ckdmr rmdumgtb em lbs qum qumeënkabs? aës em 86. Mg lk s`iu`mgtm sun`ek qumeënkabs mxkdtkamgtm 56, yb `gdlu`eb, y tbab lk emtmra`gkd`ôg? Xkabs k nkokrlbs dbg lbs dbdcms qum qumekg, gb aës sun`eks mtmrgks eml a`drbnÿs. X`dmgt, em lk e`rmdd`ôg eml dkst`llb, pmrsbgk kaknlm y dblknbrkebrk ebgem lks ckyk, kaàg em irkg hbtôirkhb, gbs mdck ug dknlm y kpbrtk su vmcádulb? ¡Amtmabs k tbebs lbs qum qumekg, kugqum smkg duktrb ktrës! P ksá lb lb c`d`abs, llmikgeb llmikgeb rëp`ekamgtm k lbs a`drbnusms. Em kcá pkrt`abs tbebs ckd`k Ubrtbsk, brtbsk , y, mg ml trkab em vumltk y, a`mgtrks emoknk qum ugb em lbs pkskomrbs sbltksm lkstrm em sus mxdmsbs dbg ml abstb hmramgtkeb, a`rb ml rmlbo? ¡Lks 6>?46, ugk cbrk lkrik em rmtrksb! Em rmpmgtm lks mgmriáks, msm mapuom y kermgkl`gk qum tmgák mg ml dumrpb em kyuekr k supmrkr ug rmtb, emokrbg a` dumrpb, y am smgtá auy, auy dkgskeb. Llmikabs kl sma`gkr`b dukgeb tbdknkg lks trms y rëp`ekamgtm am llkakrbg kl tmktrb. Dkrks ;4
lkriks prmski`knkg lb pmbr, qum sm dbgh`raô mg smiu`ek? sm suspmgeák lk Lua`l`gem msk gbdcm y am pmeákg pkskr lk kdt`v`eke, kugqum amgiukek, k lk akûkgk. Gkturklamgtm kddmeá, mrk lb amgbs qum pbeák ckdmr pbr gb mstrbpmkr tbeb ml mshumrzb em prmpkrkd`ôg em lbs nkrebs, pmrb ml ekûb mstknk cmdcb. Kcá tbquà hbgeb. Xkiuà dbab klak mg pmgk pbr lbs sma`ems`mrtbs m `gtmra`gknlms pks`llbs, ug msdmgkr`b pbr btrb lkeb `eôgmb pkrk mllb (ml Tma`gkr`b m Ubrtbsk gb t`mgmg gkek qum mgv`e`kr k Cbiwkrts), y, kl pbdb, msdudcà ml `gdbghuge`nlm sbg`eb em aÿs`dk, r`sks y numg kan`mgtm. Lk gbdcm `gtmapbrkl smiuák, irkd`ks k Mru, pmrb gb am pbeák `gtmirkr mg mllk, ml eblbr mrk emaks`keb humrtm. Cknlà dbg gumstrk qumr`ek m `aprmsd`ge`nlm @sk T`anmlaygê pkrk trkgsa`t`rlm, dukgtb amgbs, a` pmskr pbr lb bdurr`eb. Vbr audcb qum humsm aës kllë kl lë em a` dbgtrbl, su mshumrzb sm cknák v`stb trugdkeb y sm lk vmák khmdtkek. A` eblbr mrk kÿg akybr pbr ml mhmdtb drmkeb, msk gbdcm ebraá auy akl y auy pbdb. Lk Mstmldbg smiuák y cknák qum tmra`gkrlk em lk amobr akgmrk pbs`nlm.
¡K pbr lbs Ibllua!
cknlkgeb em lk @gilktmrrk qum dbgbdákabs (pksà dks` duktrb Dbg mstm sbnrmgbanrm kûbs em a` v`ek kllá, y dks` mdcb dkr`ûbsb qum e`abs k lbs rkádms), em Tcmhh`mle, ebgem v`vm Ker`k g y ebgem sm cknák rbekeb drmkebrms em lk bnrk maprmgeák Ker`kg yb lk akrdck, ml ame`beák eml Ucm Hull Abgty, b eml gbrtm em oumvms, ckd`k ml kmrbpumrtb em Iklms y su nmllmzk gkturkl. ^mus. Umgák dur`bs`eke dur`bs `eke pbr Gkek aës llmikr mapmzô ml dbgbdmr k ebs pmrsbgks qum, nës`dkamgtm pbr kabr kl krtm, vmgekvkl, dbg lk dbbre`gkd`ôg drmkrbg ugk em lks amobrms em n`mgvmg`ek, msdbltk em pmládulks (vklm, ame`bamtrkoms) lbs v`komrbs k sus luikrms em okaës cmdcks dbab “hkg h`la‑. emsdkgsb, prmpkrkd`ôg em lks Em cmdcb sm pberák dbgs`emrkr sklks y dbbre`gkd`ôg em lbs d`gm `gempmge`mgtm, tkl ms su mspkd`bs. Vbr lk nbrek mdcknk dkl`eke. T`mgeb nr`tëg`dbs yb lbs dbgsmobs eml d`ruokgb gb sknák s` am mgdbgtrkrák qum am bpmrknk lk rbe`llk ckdák dbg kliu`mg mst`rke`llb b, pbr tkg sblb duktrb smakgks, y am ml dbgtrkr`b, klib tbsdb mg pbgák k rbgekr lbs pks`llbs pkrk sus akgmrks, prbp`b em ugk vmr`h`dkr qum tbeb mstuv`msm dlksm trknkokebrk qum suhr`ô prbirmskgeb emn`ekamgtm, y gb, mdckr ugk akgb. Msm eák eurkamgtm lk rmvblud`ôg s` lk gmdms`eke em kgekr `geustr`kl. Gkek aës lmobs mgtmgeá pkrk akgtmgmr em lk rmkl`eke. Kl knr`rsm lks `gdmskgtmamgtm mspár`tu em akgtmgmr tbeb pumrtks eml ckll em llmikeks am msm y em vmlkr pbrqum dbstô dkskr msks ebs h`iurks hugd`bgkgeb, qum lb gmdms`tkg tmgikg ktkv`keks y dbg tbeb ml kspmdtb kqumllbs rmhui`b y kdbob, dbab lb ckdák em kutbmstbp`stks b abdc`lmrbs ml cmrmemrb Gb bsb dbg lbs qum cknákg drmkeb msk dbapkrkram emdbg@s`leur. ug pmrsbgkom akrkv`llk, pmrb kcá mstknkg, em msk tkllk abrkl, pmrb sá y rmsultknkg smr mgdkgtkebrms mgtmgemrlb amobr. gkek aës llmikr, k pmskr eml abguamgtkl akeruiôg qum s`g Nkl`g mdcô akgb em su euek cknákg tmg`eb qum ckdmr. `gamgsb em skstrm y Dcr`s (Nbudckre) (Nbudc kre) mrk dlkrkamgtm dlkrk amgtm abgtô ugkdkoôg tkrem em oumibs em ml aës e`dckrkdcmrb y Ker`kg lb aës vkr`kek, s` klib (Ymnstmr) aës rmsmrvkeb, pmrb qu`mrb emstkdkr mspmrb lk irkd`k, lk kanbs kaknlms y em hëd`l trktb. mlmikgd`k y lk smgs`n`l`eke qum Ml v`kom gbs pksô vblkgeb, abstrô V`lkr M`tcml L`geklm l`emrkgeb ugk auy akrkv`llbsk Lmdturk em Dumgtbs. Aës kllë em lk akeruikek kdknô, dbg ug àx`tb rbtugeb em pÿnl`db y pkrt`d`pkgtms. [umrrák emstkdkr k Dcr`s Nbudckre qum, ckd`mgeb cbgbr k su dbge`d`ôg em pmrsbgk imgmrbsk y pkrt`d`pkt`vk, sm amták em llmgb mg ugk mxdmlmgtm y quks`-kdtukek gkrrkd`ôg eml pkskom mg qum lk dur`bs`eke em V`pp`g pbr ml Vklëgt`r Vklëgt `r lm p`mrem.
Mg ml bob eml curkdëg Ml v`mrgms gkdák dbg prbamsk em `gtmgs`eke, y emhrkueô. Urks lk rmug`ôg mqu`pb em brikg`zkd`ôg ;5
lk gb eml lk
Ml eák mg m g qum am dbgvmr d bgvmrtá tá mg Ttr`em Ttr `emr? r? a` drôg`dk drô g`dk em lk Mstmld M stmldbg bg >6;9 Bsdkr Gm`rks «Ttr`emrº
gbdcm kgtmr`br y ug emskyugb dbg vkr`bs kgugd`bs em tbeb lb qum tmgákabs pbr emlkgtm, gbs lkgzkabs em dknmzk mg dbghmrmgd`ks y tkllmrms pkrk tbebs lbs iustbs. Hum ug eák ebgem mrk `apbs`nlm gb mgdbgtrkr klib qum gb sm koustksm k tu iustb, dbg ugk knkg`db qum knkrdknk emsem lb hás`db y hmst`vb, dbab ml tkllmr em ekgzk, k lb aës `gtmlmdtukl, dbab lb hum lk dbghmrmgd`k em
Obcg Ikrtc. Ikr tc. Kquá qu`mrb ckdmr ug `gd`sb, y ms qum mg tbebs lbs kûbs qum llmvb uskgeb lk lmgiuk `gilmsk, yk aës em 4= k mstks klturks, gb cknák suhr`eb tkgtb dbg ugk trkeudd`ôg. Cm cmdcb em `gtàrprmtm mg `gguamrknlms bdks`bgms, smk dbg cbanrms em gmibd`bs b dbg `gv`tkebs em luob mg aÿlt`plms dbgvmgd`bgms, dbab c`dm dôabekamgtm dbg Dcr`s y Ker`kg eurkgtm su sms`ôg em prmiugtks trks vmr mg pkgtkllk irkgem lk mstupmgek Ucm Cugt hbr Ibllua. Dbg Obcg Ikrtc, s`g mankrib, ml rmtb sm `g`d`ô dbg ml cmdcb em qum kdknô su prmsmgtkd`ôg l`tmrklamgtm a`gutbs kgtms em sun`r eml cbtml, ebgem sm klboknk, kl
sma`gkr`b, m `apr`a`abs oustb kgtms em `g`d`kr lk dckrlk. Msb am `ap`e`ô lmmrlk y prmpkrkrlk, aës dukgeb `nk k smr em ug tmak kltkamgtm kdkeàa`db, ug mstue`b r`iurbsb sbnrm ml br`img em lk prmsmgd`k em pmrsbgks dlkvm em lk v`ek em Ublj`mg mg su bnrk, y mg pkrt`dulkr su auomr Me`tc. Mgtrm mstm hkdtbr, lk r`qumzk em ug lmgiukom tàdg`db qum rmqu`mrm em audck prmd`s`ôg mg su trkeudd`ôg pkrk pk rk gb pmremr lbs lbs akt`dms y lk pbdk luz kan`mgtkl, qum am e`h`dultknk lk lmdturk eml tmxtb pkrk lumib trkeud`rlb, sm hum tbrgkgeb em ugk s`aplm trkeudd`ôg mg ug momrd`d`b mg rms`stmgd`k y duapl`a`mgtb eml emnmr kgtm ugk pmrsbgk qum cknák pumstb tkgtb em su pkrtm pbr prbpbrd`bgkrgbs mstk pr`a`d`k auge`kl. Llmikabs k lk cbrk y ame`k ks`igkek y kÿg qumeknk ugk dukrtk pkrtm pbr dunr`r, pbr lb qum tuv`abs qum pkskr lk dbgdlus`ôg kl eák s`iu`mgtm, pmrb lb d`mrtb ms qum rmsp`rà dbg kl`v`b kl llmikr k mstm pugtb, yk qum tmgák lbs plbabs huge`ebs eml mshumrzb. A`s irkd`ks k Aôg`dk H`geúr`ml pbr tbakr ml rmlmvb kl eák s`iu`mgtm. Vkskeb mstm abamgtb dbapl`dkeb, pkskabs, trks lk dmgk, k e`spbgmrgbs k e`shrutkr dbab mgkgbs em lb qum Tkgt` Gkrgkrbg Gkrgk rbg y ml mqu`pb em Mecmllbge gbs cknák prmpkrkeb pkrk lk vmlkek. Lbs mgkgbs, mhmdt`vkamgtm, hu`abs kl aus`dkl, y hum kpbtmôs`db. ¡[uà emspkrpkob, quà s`apkták y quà tklmgtb! Emsem lumib qum ml pmrsbgkl, `lustrms `gv`tkebs `gdlu`ebs, sm lb pksô mg irkgem dbg lbs amabrknlms «sbabs trmsº b ug brdb qum gb eknk a`meb. Irkgem, auy irkgem, y s` kliu`mg gb lb ck v`stb kÿg, kugqum sm p`mrek lk aki`k eml e`rmdtb, yk tkrek.
^mirmsb k Cbnn`tbg Ml kakgmdmr eml eba`gib (skltkabs, pums, ml sënkeb kgtms
Ml eák mg m g qum am dbgvmr d bgvmrtá tá mg Ttr`em Ttr `emr? r? a` drôg`d dr ôg`dkk em lk Mstmld M stmldbg bg >6;9 Bsdkr Gm`rks «Ttr`emrº
gkrrkeb) pusb su tbqum em luz k lks t`g`mnlks y dbg mllb ml ëg`ab em lbs ks`stmgtms sm v`ô amobr, mg pkrtm pbrqum tmgákabs ebs kdt`v`ekems em audck dkl`eke gkek aës mapmzkr, dbg Obcg Ikrtc ekgeb ugk mgtrmv`stk qum sm irknknk y trkgsa`ták pbr Vbedkst y dbg ml img`kl c`agb eml Erkiôg Xmrem, qum yk gbs cknák kg`akeb lk gbdcm kgtms y qum kcbrk dkgtënkabs kl ugásbgb kl tmgmr lk lmtrk mg akgb, dbab `gtrbeudd`ôg kl akj`gi bh eml mgdmgtrb em Nkrebs. Ml rmaktm, s`g mankrib, lb e`b ugk dmrmabg`k em mgtrmik em prma`bs y em emspme`ek qum dblaô tbeks gumstrks mxpmdtkt`vks. Kquá sá qum ml numg ëg`ab, lk imgmrbs`eke y lks mxtrkbre`gkr`ks ckn`l`ekems em lk imgtm qum dbapbgm lk TUM sm v`mrbg rmhlmokeks mg tbek su akig`tue. Lk dkl`eke em lks bnrks qum pue`abs bnsmrvkr y lmmr rmklamgtm mrk mxdmpd`bgkl, y lbs Aktcba gbs knruakrbg pbr su `gimg`b y mlknbrkd`ôg. Hum ug abamgtb ebgem rmdupmrà, kugqum sblb humsm mg pkrtm, ml ëg`ab ëg `ab pmre`eb. pmre`eb. Irkd`ks k tbebs pbr msbs emtkllkzbs qum gbs llmikrbg kl dbrkzôg k tbebs lbs em Lôr`mg. ]g abamgtb mxtrkbre`gkr`b s`g euek hum ml rmdbgbd`a`mgtb em @sk T`anmlaygê y em Dr`kturk eml Nbsqum dbab c`obs prme`lmdtbs em Lôr`mg, qum mrk lb aág`ab qum pbeákabs ckdmr kgtm su imgmrbs`eke em kdtb y em mspár`tu. Tbg mstm t`pb em pmrsbgks lks qum ckdmg irkgem lk TUM y ckdmg qum gumstrks v`eks mstàg aës llmgks. Ml dblbhôg dblbhôg em lk lmdturk h`gkl, h` gkl, dbg lk pkrtm mg `gilàs gkrrkek pbr Obcg Ikrtc y su mxdmlmgtm e`dd`ôg em Bxhbre, s`g euek gbs emoô k audcbs dbg prbnlmaks em «pblvb mg suspmgs`ôgº. Vbr msb pus`abs pkûumlbs eml «Nbsqum vmremº mg vumstrb Hkrmwmll pkdj :-) ;=
Gb qu`mrb dbgdlu`r mstk qum sm pksô dks` ebs kûbs gkrrkd`ôg em a` mxpmr`mgd`k emtrës em dbghmrmgd`kgtms qum em lk Mstmldbg em mstm kûb mstuv`msmg k lk klturk eml mvmgtb s`g kirkemdmrbs k tbebs lbs duanrm em lk TUM, y skdr`h`dô skdr`h `dô ml qum ks`stástm`s mstm kûb mg oumvms y numgk pkrtm eml v`mrgms d`rdugstkgd`ks dukgeb amgbs dbg tkl em trkmr k Obcg Ikrtc k ktáp`dks, k vumstrk kakn`l`eke t`mrrks eml Kgeÿ`g. Dmnke`llk y numgk prme`spbs`d`ôg, k lbs Akgtmdbgk qum k pmskr em msduemrbs pbr vumstrk kpbrtkd`ôg tmgmr ug mx`imgtm gumvb k amgueb `ghrkvklbrkek (pbr trknkob y sbnrm tbeb hka`l`k audcb qum mstm kûb lk amekllk dmrdkgk mg ml cbsp`tkl sm msdkpô humsm ugk akrkv`llk lknrkek k pkrk pbemr trkgsa`t`rgbs su akgb, humib sbnrm akemrk), k mgtus`ksab dbgtki`bsb. Akrák lbs qum kpbrtëstm`s ugk (b aës Gykrgk qum, dbg su bpt`a`sab em ugk) kdt`v`eke, llmgkgeb y prme`spbs`d`ôg, rmprmsmgtô dbg p`gdmlkeks qum sôlb ug akrkv`llbskamgtm su pkpml krt`stk qum kak lb qum ckdm em pr`gdmsk ibgebr`kgk y pumem llmgkr ksá ml l`mgzb qum kyueô `gdkgsknlmamgtm k lbs bs cknákabs emokeb, y pbr tblj`mge`l` oÿg`br mg ml Kiuomrb supumstb k tbebs lbs a`manrbs Cbnn`t. Gmus, gumstrb qumr`eb em Lôr`mg qum kyuekstm`s mg lk Nklrbi qum k pmskr em mstkr brikg`zkd`ôg em mstm mvmgtb? rmd`àg skl`eb em su prbp`k ―y Akrikr`ek Kmr`mg, vmrekemrk vmrekemrk― nbek y e`siustbs klak em Lôr`mg pbr su skn`eurák, pmrsbgklms mstuvb kl p`m eml emstrmzk pkrk dbgvmrt`r bnomtbs dkûôg kdrme`tkgeb k tbeb ml dbt`e`kgbs mg akrkv`llbsbs augeb y kyuekgeb mg lb qum tmsbrbs y mgmriák `ghkt`iknlms, c`d`msm hkltk, Bsdkr Ekarbe Ëurmk Mlkgbr Vmudkgskt qum y Lkurk C`merk Uuj, irkgems sm mdcô k lk mspklek tbek lk prbtkibg`stks eml mglkdm rmkl y emdbrkd`ôg eml mvmgtb (msbs dbap`gdcms em lk emdbrkd`ôg. akigáh`dbs mstkgekrtms s`g `r Oukg Dkrlbs Lmbgkre Lmbgk re aës lmobs), Obkg Dkrlms G`rgkmtc Nr`ictg`ict qum supmrv`sô m ;8
c`zb smiu`a`mgtb em Ml tmsbbrbb y tbab lks r`mgeks mh`dkzamgtm em lk Mstmlt`mgek. Ekv`e Oksmhbr Uuj, qum l`emrô k lbs msduemrbs dbg irkg ckn`l`eke y kyueô mg tbeb y aës. H`gklamtm lbs c`obs kebpt`vbs em Lôr`mg, @rmgm Mbwyg _`rnïtc, pbr su mgtus`ksab y kpbyb dbgstkgtms dbg lbs aës pmqumûbs mg ml Kiuomrb Cbnn`t b trks lks nkankl`gks kyuekgeb k lk imgtm qum, dbab yb, gb tmgák gkek qum pbgmrsm (dbg msk akigáh`dk dkskdk mgtkllkek am smgtá vmrekemrkamgtm akymstët`db O), y pbr supumstb ^unàg Nkl`g, qum dbg su ebg em lk un`du`eke dbbre`gk aëi`dkamgtm lbs dbgdursbs dkek kûb y mdck ugk akgb dbg ug s`ghág em kdt`v`ekems. Gb pumeb pbr amgbs qum rmdbrekr kl qum kyueô, k pmskr em suhr`r smgt`a`mgtbs mgdbgtrkebs, mg lk pkrtm krtást`dk y irëh`dk, y qum audcbs mdckabs em amgbs eurkgtm tbeb ml mvmgtb, Akgu Tkaus Xklklam. Vbdbs, dbab và`s, pmrb dbg vumstrk kyuek y ëg`abs gbs ault`pl`dkabs. T` mstm mspár`tu qum trkgsdmge`ô mg lk dmrmabg`k lb tuv`àsmabs prmsmgtms mg gumstrb qumckdmr e`kr`b, gb am dknm euek em qum ml augeb smrák ug luikr amobr. Vkskabs kcbrk lk kgtbrdck k lbs s`iu`mgtms, y bs kg`ab k qum t`rà`s em gbsbtrbs y em tbebs lbs qum cmabs vmg`eb kgtmr`bramgtm pkrk kyuekrbs k llmvkr em akgmrk aës l`imrk lk dkrik qum ksua`rà`s. Auy dbre`klamgtm, Bsdkr Ttr`emr Ttr `emr
Ml eák mg m g qum am dbgvmr d bgvmrtá tá mg Ttr`em Ttr `emr? r? a` drôg`dk drô g`dk em lk Mstmld M stmldbg bg >6;9 Bsdkr Gm`rks «Ttr`emrº
Mecm Mecmllbg llbge? e? ugk c`stbr`k c`stbr`k em aus`dklms Tkgt`kib Ëlvkrm Ë lvkrmzz «Gkrgkrbg «Gkr gkrbgºº
U
beb mapmzô dbg lk aÿs`dk.
Lb e`dm Ublj`mg mg su K`gul`ge K` gul`geklê, klê, y gb ms klib qum emom em sbrprmgemrgbs, tkgtb pbr su vklbr mstàt`db dbab pbr su s`ig`h`dkeb `aplád`tb.
Lk aÿs`dk y lks dkgd`bgms, lbs vmrsbs qum dumgtkg ugk c`stbr`k c`lvkgkebs pbr amlbeáks vbdklms, sbg hbraks gkrrkt`vks mspmd`klms, dbg rmilks prbp`ks prbp`ks y ugk humrzk h umrzk `rrms`st`nlm. Lks dkgtkabs k tbeks cbrks. Hbrakg pkrtm em gumstrks v`eks. Ublj`mg lb sknák auy n`mg, y gbsbtrbs klib cmabs kprmge`eb. Msm ms a` akybr rmdumreb dukgeb mgtrà mg lk TUM. Kgtms em g`giÿg kdtb bh`d`kl, emsdkriuà mg a` bremgkebr ml dkgd`bgmrb em mgtbgdms (cknlkabs em >66>). Kllá Kll á emsdunrá audcks audck s dkgd`bgms, dkgd`bgms , k lks qum ml rmstb llkaknkg «dbrrbap`eksº. ²Dôab pumemg dbrrbapmrsm lks dkgd`bgms2, am prmiugtknk. Ckstk qum emsdunrá qum msks dkgd`bgms mstknkg nkskeks mg lk aÿs`dk em btrks qum yb dbgbdák... pmrb dbg ugks lmtrks kan`mgtkeks kan`mgtkek s mg lk bnrk em O.^.^. Ublj`mg. A`mgtrks rmdbrrák kquml pr`a`t`vb dkgd`bgmrb, dkgtkeb mg a` p`sb hrmgtm kl bremgkebr, ke`v`gknk ml s`lknmb em lks amlbeáks, lbs iblpms mg lks amsks, lks r`sks, lks vbdms klmirms b erkaët`dkamgtm àp`dks qum lumib emsdunr`rák mg mstmldbgms y amr`tc. Mgtbgdms pmgsà qum cknák qum kpbrtkr ugks dukgtks ibtks k kquml bdàkgb em drmkt`v`eke. P ksá
hum dbab dbapusm a` pr`amrk Ksá llmiô, mg lk X Amrmtc dkgd`ôg pkrk lk TUM, llkakek @tc`lmecmllbge, gumstrb pr`amr «Lk Hlmdck ^bokº. Okaës aus`dkl. blv`ekrà kqumllk rmug`ôg em Mecmllbge (Xklmgd`k). Hkltknk Ml Tkgmka`mgtb em lk pbdb pkrk lk Mstmldbg em ]dlàs Dbakrdk (>665) >66> y, kugqum kpmgks llmvknk mg ml sa`kl trms amsms, pusm Drmb qum hum trks prmsmgd`kr ugk dkgd`ôg pkrk mxpl`dkr a` mg Aker`e ml aus`dkl em [ummg prbymdtb? ugk dkgd`ôg llkakek «Ym Y`ll ^bdjº, dukgeb sm «Dck`g Tl`giº, eml irupb em rbdj kdknô em h`okr mg a` amgtm qum, prbirms`vb Vk`g bh Tklvkt`bg. Mg kl akrimg em dkgd`bgms y bnrks a` vmrs`ôg em msk lmtrk, lms e`om erkaët`dks, pbeákabs ckdmr a`mgtrks sbgknkg lbs pr`amrbs klib aës irkgem. kdbrems, ml amgskomrb em Ibgebr e`sduták dbg Ucàbemg, Iráak y Nusquà ugk c`stbr`k em Ikgeklh sbnrm lk dbgvmg`mgd`k Ublj`mg mstuv`mrk auy em kyuekr dbg sus trbpks. Mrk uskek mgqumlksgbdkgd`bgms, qum ugk mspmd`m em ôpmrk rbdj mg tuv`mrk ugbs vklbrms dlkrbs dlkrb s y a`g`kturk, qum ckrákabs dbg pue`mrk smr `gtmrprmtkek pbrqum lk ugk p`stk em kdbapkûka`mgtb imgtm eml sa`kl, pmgskgeb mg lk aus`dkl y qum dkgtkrákabs lbs prôx`ak amrmtc, qum prmsmgtknk kdtbrms em msm erkak. Dukgeb ugk dkgt`eke kpknullkgtm em lk dkgd`ôg tmra`gô, ml s`lmgd`b kdt`v`ekems. kdt`v `ekems. Ubekvák gb sà dôab hum trmamgeb. Tmiurkamgtm, pue`abs ckdmr tbeb kqumllb. yb `gtmrprmtà mgtbgdms qum sm Kl akrimg em lk brikg`zkd`ôg, brikg` zkd`ôg, cknákg qumekeb `aprms`bgkebs. dbghmrmgd`ks, lmdturk em Gb hu` ckstk audcb emspuàs dumgtbs, ebs dbgd`mrtbs em dukgeb supm qum lk akybrák @ggmrlkges, tkllmr em nk`lm, pmgsknk dbsks n`mg e`st`gtks? lbs abgôlbibs em «Ml Dlun em «²Vmrb mstm qum sm drmm2º lk Dbakrdkº y ml cbamgkom «²Dôab vkabs k ckdmr msb2º eml eàd`ab kg`vmrskr`b em «²Mstë lbdb2º... Lb amobr em mstk Mecmllbge, kemaës em msb, c`stbr`k ms qum, trks ml pr`amr emd`e`abs qum lk tmaët`dk em mgskyb, Vkdb @s`leur, Vkdb lk amrmtc humrk lk eml prbp`b Lþr`glbr y Cml`bs @arkc`l (a`s aus`dkl. Lbs `gv`tkebs humrbg dbapkûmrbs em mstk kvmgturk rmd`n`ebs pbr rmyms àlh`dbs qum, aus`dkl) drmymrbg qum pbeák mg plmgk `gkuiurkd`ôg, `gkui urkd`ôg, sm v`mrbg ckdmrsm. Ksá gkd`ô lk pr`amrk sbrprmge`ebs pbr brdbs qum, vmrs`ôg em lb qum lumib smrákg nk`lkgeb ug kamgkzkebr ckjk lbs aus`dklms. dkp`tkgmkeb pbr H`anrkjúl (pbdk nrbak), sm c`d`mrbg dbg Eurkgtm ebs kûbs ml dbgtrbl em lk amrmtc. Emsem `gtmrprmtkabs dkgd`bgms dbab mgtbgdms knbrekabs ml tmak em «Gblebr`kg ^ckpsbeyº mg lk l`nmrtke pmre`ek y em lk ludck >664, u bnrks em tmktrb dbab pbr rmdupmrkrlk. Ml rmsultkeb «Lk C`stbr`k em A`tclbgeº eml rbl mg v`vb emtmra`gô s` mg >665, ckstk qum v`sluanrà lbs `gv`tkebs mrkg l`nmrkebs lk pbs`n`l`eke em ug`r kanbs b dbgemgkebs k lk mtmrgk augebs mg ugk sblk bnrk. msdlkv`tue. Vbr sumrtm (b pbr ;9
lk akybr pmr`d`k eml nkgeb em lbs pumnlbs l`nrms), sm rmdbnrô lk l`nmrtke. P dlkrb, tkan`àg lbs ks`stmgtms pue`mrbg ks`st`r kl aus`dkl, ebgem ug dkrdmlmrb emsdmgeák k lks akzabrrks pkrk rmlktkr k lbs `gv`tkebs lk c`stbr`k em ugbs cbnn`ts qum ludckrbg pbr rmdupmrkr su t`mrrk y tr`ughkrbg. Gumstrbs ame`bs tàdg`dbs em mgtbgdms mrkg nkstkgtm prmdkr`bs, pmrb rmdumreb ml ksbanrb em lbs ks`stmgtms, qum dbapmgskrbg tkgtks cbrks em mgskybs y drmkt`v`eke. ]skabs aÿs`dk em [ummg, y ugk c`stbr`k ebgem rmc`d`abs ml tmxtb em Ublj`mg. Lbs kdtbrms kdtuknkg y dkgtknkg, y tkl vmz ml aës bvkd`bgkeb em tbebs hum Cml`bs @arkc`l `gtmrprmtkgeb `gtmrprmtkgeb k msm `gblv`eknlm Lbtcb Tkdbv`llk Nblsôg. Vus`abs mg p`m ugks 3 dbgdkd`bgms dbg sus 3 msdmgks y lk eurkd`ôg eml aus`dkl emn`ô rbzkr lbs =6 a`gutbs. Kl kûb s`iu`mgtm, irknkabs irknkab s lks dkgd`bgms eml aus`dkl m c`d`abs ug e`sdb, h`rakeb h `rakeb pbr lbs Brdbtklkg Mstue`bs, qum `gdluák tkan`àg p`stks `gtmrame`ks qum kyueknkg k rmdbapbgmr lk c`stbr`k pkrk qu`mgms gb cknákg pbe`eb ks`st`r. ¡]g pr`gd`p`b amabrknlm!
Ny tcm ^`vmrs bh Xkl`gbr (>668) Vkrk lk Mstmldbg em ]ankr ]ank r mg ml Vkgtkgb eml Dmgkob (Aurd`k), ugk `emk am rbgeknk lk dknmzk. Vmgsknk mg ckdmr ugk ÿg`dk dkgd`ôg, auy lkrik, ebgem ug mlhb E`sd Obdjmy pbgerák tmaks nk`lknlms mg ugk e`sdbtmdk mg Xkl`gbr. Mg rmkl`eke tbeb v`gb pbr lk hrksm qum eknk tátulb k lk bnrk, y k lk aÿs`dk br`i`gkl em «Ny tcm r`vmrs bh Nknylbgº, em Nbgmy A. ;3
Vrbgtb am v`g`mrbg aës `emks, y lk `emk br`i`gkl emsnbreô su mxtmgs`ôg prmv`stk pkrk `gdbrpbrkr tmaks em KNNK, MLB, Ucm X`llkim Vmbplm, Nmm Imms… ]gk dbsk ksá, sblb pbeák kebptkr lk hbrak em ugk e`spkrktkek dbame`k, y ksá hum.
aus`dklms sm rmprmsmgtkrbg mg ug cbrkr`b qum gbs pumem pkrmdmr mxtrkûb? k ame`beák, oustb kgtms em dbamr! Emsem lumib, mrkg btrbs t`mapbs. Vrmsmgtkabs mstk Ôpmrk E`sdb kl a`sab a `sab t`mapb qum ml de em lbs Brdbtklkg Mstue`bs dbg lks dkgd`bgms y vkr`ks prbp`gks. Gbs `nk audcb lk akrdck.
Lk Nktkllk em Aklebg (>669)
Lb llkakabs Bpmrk E`sdb. Mg ugk `gblv`eknlm msdmgk `g`d`kl, @lÿvktkr (`gtmrprmtkeb pbr Obsuà C`guemg) rmugák k lbs Xklkr pkrk dkgtkr lk drmkd`ôg eml augeb a`mgtrks Amljbr sm emsikû`tknk mg amlbeáks amlbeáks e`st`gtks. Ckstk Ckst k kcá tbeb n`mg, pmrb ms qum… Ml iu`ôg sm gbs hum em lks akgbs. Amljbr emd`e`ô qum, dbab gb pbeák dkgtkr, smrák ml amobr nk`lkrág em Êk. P ksá hum, tbebs mg Xkl`gbr tmgákg pbstmrs em Amljbr, mrk `eblktrkeb dbab ugk mstrmllk, ckstk ckst k qum kpkrmdmg lbs Mlv`sc Vmbplm (`gblv`eknlm Cml`bs @arkc`l dbab akr`gmrb) y sm lák lk akr`abrmgk? pmludks khrb, ikhks em sbl i`ikgtms, tÿg`dks em dblbrms dc`llbgms… ug emsp`pbrrm eml qum kliugbs kÿg sm mstë rmdupmrkgeb. [umek kliugk irknkd`ôg pbr kcá em msbs 56 a`gutbs `gblv`eknlms pmrb yb, hrkgdkamgtm, mspmrb qum gb pbeë`s vmrlb. Cky ug emtkllm dur`bsb, tkan`àg. Mstbs ebs pr`amrbs
Kûb gumvb, gumvb aus`dkl. Klib qum s`maprm am prmbdupk ms ml pml`irb em kibtkr ugk hôraulk y rmsultkr prmv`s`nlm. Ksá qum dkek aus`dkl emnák dbgtmgmr akybrms emskhábs y vkr`kr su tmaët`dk. Ml Tkgmka`mgtb em lk Dbakrdk mrk ug aus`dkl klib gk`h, y Ny Ucm ^`vmrs bh Xkl`gbr ugk ôpmrk nuhk, ksá qum ml s`iu`mgtm abv`a`mgtb dbgeud`rák ckd`k ug tmrr`tbr`b aës erkaët`db. Em cmdcb, kl pr`gd`p`b lk emgba`gà… «Bpmràp`dkº. Hum Vkdb @s`leur, mg akrzb em >668, qu`mg prbpusb ugk amrmtc qum humrk ugk rmdrmkd`ôg klrmemebr em lk nktkllk em Aklebg, mg ml kûb 00;, dbg lbs skobgms mghrmgtkebs k lks `gvks`bgms em ekgmsms y gbrumibs. ]g ksugtb sbnrm ml qum tkan`àg cknák msdr`tb Ublj`mg. Pb dbgbdák ml tmxtb eml Vrbhmsbr irkd`ks k lk rmprmsmgtkd`ôg eml Ta`kl em Gÿamgbr mg lk Mstmldbg em ]dlàs >66>, y am pkrmd`ô ug trksugtb àp`db kprbp`keb pkrk ug aus`dkl. Lk `emk em lk huturk amrmtc sm knkgebgô, y qumeô ml aus`dkl. Msdr`ná ugk trkak qum rm`v`ge`dknk lk h`iurk em Nmbrgbtc, smûbr em lbs H`rtc em Aklebg, qum ksua`ô ugk dbpk kakrik qum qu`zës g`giÿg Mecmllbge? Mecmllb ge? ug c`stbr c` stbr`k `k em Aus` A us`dklm dklmss Tkgt`kib Ëlvkrmz «Gkrgkrbgº
btrb cknrák prbnkeb. Mstb `nk mg dbgtrk eml pmgska`mgtb em Ublj`mg y ml «briullb emsamsurkebº, pmrb mgdbgtrà mst`aulkgtm lk e`sdrmpkgd`k. Emd`eá uskr aÿs`dk em lbs pr`amrbs e`sdbs em [ummg, kugqum kûkeá ug tmak lmgtb em Ermka Ucmktmr y klib em rbdj pbemrbsb eml a`saás`ab Nr`kg Aky. A`r`ka ]jrîlk am kyueô k nusdkr `aëimgms pkrk abgtkr ug v`emb pkrk dkek tmak, ebgem prbymdtkabs lks lmtrks em lks dkgd`bgms. Hum lk pr`amrk vmz c`d`abs mstb. Dbapusm em dmrb lks p`stks em kdbapkûka`mgtb em dkek tmak dbg ugk tmdgblbiák amobr y, dbg lk kyuek em Kemlk Abrwmg mg lbs dbrbs, irknà tbeks lks vbdms y lks iu`tkrrks, ug trknkob dkek vmz aës lkrib lk rib y dbstbsb, qum e`ô dbab rmsultkeb btrb de em lbs Brdbtklkg Mstue`bs. Urks amsms em mgskybs, rmprmsmgtkabs gumstrk bnrk, em klib amgbs em ugk cbrk, eurkgtm lk Mstmldbg em ]dlàs >669. Ml mstrmgb sm prbeuob mg lks prbhuge`ekems em lk bsdurk y cÿamek dr`ptk nkob ml abgkstmr`b, ug msdmgkr`b e`a`gutb kl qum lm tmgib audcb dkr`ûb, pums hum ebgem dkgtà pbr pr`amrk vmz mg lk TUM d`gdb kûbs ktrës. T` gb rmdumreb akl, ml mstrmgb hum ug àx`tb. Pb, kl amgbs… ¡cm blv`ekeb s` gbs lkgzkrbg tbaktms! tbaktms!
Bpmrkd`ôg U`mrrk Ame`k (>663) Kûb gumvb, gumvb aus`dkl (btrk vmz). Ml mshumrzb eml kgtmr`br am c`zb pmgskr qum gb smrák dkpkz em rmpmt`rlb. Ksá qum… c`dm ml ebnlm em trknkob (aës b amgbs). Mecmllbge? Mecmllb ge? ug c`stbr c` stbr`k `k em Aus`d A us`d klms Tkgt`kib Ëlvkrmz «Gkrgkrbgº
Vbr ug lkeb, pmgsà mg ug mg obrgkeks akrktbg`kgks mg gumvb aus`dkl, n`mg amt`eb lks duklms llmiuà k irknkr aës mg lk dbame`k y s`g kpmgks em 46 p`stks em kue`b pkrk dbgtmg`ebs erkaët`dbs b em audcbs tmaks. Ml rmsultkeb hum vklbrms. Ml msdmgkr`b smrák ml «Ubl[ummgkeksº, ug trknkob eml plktô em ug dbgdursb eml`rkgtm? qum kÿg am s`mgtb briullbsb. lbs mlhbs sm knurrmg mg Xkl`gbr, ksá qum s`gtbg`zkg lk tmlmv`s`ôg, Em lk rmprmsmgtkd`ôg mg lk ebgem ug pmrsbgkom c`str`ôg`db Mstmldbg em Tkgtk Akrtk em (`gtmrprmtkeb pbr ml irkg Vkdb Ubrams (Tklkakgdk), rmdumreb Lþr`glbr) Lþr`g lbr) lms dbgeudm k trkvàs em irkgems abamgtbs, dbab ml ugk mspmd`m em «Irkg Cmrakgbº mgd`mrrb em Nklrbis mg lbs qum `gdluym dbgmx`bgms mg Tkg Amljbr`gms, b Emgmtcbr e`rmdtb, gba`gkebs, punl`d`eke, dcktmkgeb dbg Tkurbg kgtm lk mhmdtbs emst`gkebs k mabd`bgkr Vklkgt`r (ug prmski`b em lb qum kl mspmdtkebr… y dkgd`bgms. Ml bdurr`rák ebs kûbs emspuàs). kriuamgtb em mstm aus`dkl mrk P lks dkgd`bgms, dkgd `bgms, pbr supumstb. mp`sôe`db, s`g ug c`lb tkg humrtm Mstm aus`dkl hum aës lkrib qum dbab mg btrks bdks`bgms. Msb lbs kgtmr`brms, dks` ugk cbrk y am pmra`t`ô rmdupmrkr gÿamrbs dukrtb, y am ktrmvmrák k emd`r aus`dklms em kgtmr`brms qum hum ml qum aës c`zb rmár kl aus`dklms, y… pkrk dbapmgskr, pÿnl`db. Emh`g`t`vkamgtm, lk am pusm k ckdmr LB BU^B. imgtm em Mecmllbge tmgákabs ugk rmputkd`ôg. Lk dumst`ôg mrk «Lb btrbº rmsultô ml akybr sknmr s` mstb mrk klib numgb b emskháb aus`dkl mg ml qum am gb. cknák mankrdkeb okaës (kÿg kcbrk tmgib eueks em cknmrlb Kl `g`d`b em lk rmprmsmgtkd`ôg, supmrkeb). Dbab mstm gumvb kgugd`à qum sm trktknk em aus`dkl mstknk nkskeb mg gumstrb dukrtb aus`dkl, y qum smrák ml ÿlt`ab. Am mqu`vbquà.
Lk V`rk em Emgmtcbr (>6;6) (>6;6)
dkgd`bgms em [ummg, emd`eá irknkr ugk mspmd`m em «irmktmst c`tsº, pmrb… dbg audcks dkgd`bgms gumvks. gumvks. Ml e`sdb llmiô k tmgmr ;0 dbrtms qum c`dm emsem dmrb, rmc`dm tbeks lks p`stks em kdbapkûka`mgtb, tbquà ml nkob, lks iu`tkrrks iu`tk rrks y lks vbdms (kyuekeb pbr lk `gmhknlm Kemlk Abrwmg). Kemaës lk prbeudd`ôg prbeud d`ôg sm klkriô kl kriô
Me cm llb ge brikg`zknk ugk gumvk gumvk MstmlDbg emspuàs em nkstkgtm t`mapb. Hum ug mvmgtb qum gbs llmvô ckstk ml mxtrmab mg audcks dumst`bgms, y mg ml qum gbs `apl`dkabs dbab sa`kl dbab gugdk cknákabs cmdcb… A` auomr, A`r`ka ]jrîlk, mstknk mapmûkek mg qum hkltkrk k a` prbamsk em gb vblvmr k ckdmr ug aus`dkl. H`gklamgtm lb dbgs`iu`ô. Vmgsà qum emnák ckdmr klib prbhugekamgtm erkaët`db, s`g sbanrk em cuabr g` em dbame`k l`imrk. Mg mstk bdks`ôg gb qu`sm dbapbgmr dbapbgmr ugk c`stbr`k c `stbr`k br`i`gkl, ;0
s`gb mxplbrkr ugb em lbs c`lbs aës `apkdtkgtms em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs? lk c`stbr`k em lk lbdurk em Emgmtcbr. Ubeb c`zb dl`dj dukgeb emsdunrá qum msk c`stbr`k pbeák dbgtkrsm dbg lk aÿs`dk qum V`gj V`g j Hlbye dbapusb pkrk Ucm Ykll. Ukgtb ml e`sdb br`i`gkl dbab lk pmládulk cknlknkg eml prbdmsb pbr ml dukl ug cbanrm sm kdknk k`slkgeb em lbs emaës pkrk dbgv`v`r dbg ugbs hkgtksaks qum lm dbgeudmg k lk lbdurk, ckstk mghrmgtkrsm dbgs`ib a`sab y… emrr`nkr ml aurb. B krrbokrsm emh`g`t`vkamgtm k lk p`rk. Dbab s`maprm, tmgák lk smgskd`ôg em qum ml dkan`b em rmi`strb gb mrk suh`d`mgtm. Emnákabs supmrkrgbs, bhrmdmr aës kl mspmdtkebr, y msb mx`iák aës ame`bs. Emd`eá qum lks dkgd`bgms emnákg tmgmr ug kpbyb em v`emb eurkgtm lks a`saks, pmrb gb em `aëimgms emsdkrikeks em @gtmrgmt, dbab mg Aklebg, s`gb em vmrekemrb v`emb, b em `aëimgms br`i`gklms. Vkrk lk pkrtm v`sukl dbgtà dbg ml kpbyb `gdbge`d`bgkl y ml tklmgtb em Lu`s Tmrnkl, qu`mg e`nuoô aës em ;66 `lustrkd`bgms pkrk lks e`st`gtks dkgd`bgms. Vbr btrb lkeb, dbgtkabs dbg aës aÿs`dbs? trms a`manrbs em @ggmrlkges tbdkrbg ug tmak y Akrdbs, su v`bl`g`stk, c`zb kliugbs sblbs nmllás`abs mg e`st`gtbs abamgtbs. Obsmlm @smair`a sm mgdkriô em lk msdmgbirkhák, y uskabs lbs mhmdtbs k gumstrb kldkgdm pkrk s`aulkr ml pklkgt`r y kdmgtukr lk lbdurk em Emgmtcbr. Gbs kyueô tkan`àg @sknml Tyanmlaygê, qu`mg sm trkob em Dumgdk aës mqu`pb eml qum pmgsënkabs pbs`nlm. >6
Vmrb, sbnrm tbeb, cky qum emstkdkr ml emsdbaugkl trknkob kdtbrkl em Obsmlm @smgir`a dbab Emgmtcbr y em Vkdb Lþr`glbr dbab lk lbdurk, msk ms k pbrd`ôg em lk amgtm eml Tmgmsdkl qum e`klbik dbgs`ib a`sab. Ml tmxtb mstknk pmgskeb pkrk mllbs: mgskykabs
pkrtm eml abn`l`kr`b qum cknák emsmdcb ug curkdëg. [um lk h`dd`ôg tuv`mrk ug `apkdtb mg gumstrb augeb s`maprm ck s`eb ugk em a`s prmbdupkd`bgms. Mg mstm dksb lb dbgsmiu`abs aës qum gugdk.
Pb Pb gb sby dbab lbs emaës (>6;9) (>6;9)
eurb, pul`abs dkek emtkllm, y ml rmsultkeb h`gkl hum mspmdtkdulkr. Dbab yk mapmzknk k smr dks` dbt`e`kgb, kdbapkûkabs ml mstrmgb eml aus`dkl dbg lk prmsmgtkd`ôg em ug de h`rakeb pbr lbs Brdbtklkg Mstue`bs, qum rmprmbeudák lks dkgd`bgms eml aus`dkl ougtb k 4 v`embdl`ps nkskeb mg lks `lustrkd`bgms br`i`gklms, ug trknkob em akybr dkl`eke qum lbs kgtmr`brms. K pmgskr em gb dbgtmgmr rkstrb em cuabr, sm ck dbgvmrt`eb mg ml aus`dkl hkvbr`tb em audcbs em gbsbtrbs. Btrk em lks dbsks qum lb c`d`mrbg mspmd`kl hum rmprmsmgtkrlb aës em ugk vmz, kl dbgtrkr`b qum btrks bdks`bgms. C`d`abs ug mgskyb dbg pÿnl`db `gv`tkeb mg Eba`g`dbs, Xklmgd`k. P trks rmprmsmgtkrlb mg lk Mstmldbg eml eml Vkgtkgb em Nmgkiànmr, Nmgk iànmr, lk tmrdmrk vmz hum lk aës mabd`bgkgtm? llmgkabs lks >;6 nutkdks em lk Tklk dkrbl`gk dbg ugk mgtrkek em ;6 murbs. Vmrb ml e`gmrb gb mrk pkrk gbsbtrbs, s`gb pkrk ugk BGI qum kyuek k g`ûbs em Ukc`tá, mg dbgdrmtb pkrk pkikr
Ckg pkskeb audcbs kûbs, s`mtm, pkrk smr mxkdtbs. Audcbs sbd`bs mgtrkrbg b skl`mrbg eml sa`kl, y pkrk dukgeb sm emd`e`ô qum lk prôx`ak Mstmldbg sm ckrák mg Ubrtbsk, audcbs em mllbs gugdk cknákg pkrt`d`pkeb mg ug aus`dkl. Xkr`bs `gtmgtkrbg dbgvmgdmram, pmrb g`giugb lb dbgs`iu`ô. Tklvb A`r`ka. Mllk am rmdbreô lb qum s`ig`h`dknkg mstbs kdtbs pkrk gbsbtrbs, y lm prbamtá qum pmgskrák mg lk hbrak em vblvmr k ckdmrlb. Ukreà audcb. Pb kdknknk em punl`dkr a` smiugek gbvmlk, v`koknk pbr e`vmrsbs kdtbs l`tmrkr`bs, y a` msdksb t`mapb l`nrm mstknk aës dmgtrkeb mg a` tmrdmrk gbvmlk qum mg ug gumvb aus`dkl. Gb tmgák t`mapb pkrk msb, y kemaës, gb tmgák tmak. [umrák qum lk aÿs`dk humrk em Ucm J`gjs, k qu`mgms msdudcknk audcb pbr mgtbgdms. Vmgsà y pmgsà mg ugk c`stbr`k kutàgt`dk y qum supus`mrk ug emskháb, pbrqum sknák qum gb pberákabs e`spbgmr em ame`bs pkrk supmrkr lk pumstk mg msdmgk em Lk V`rk em Emgmtcbr. Umgák qum kpbstkr pbr ml iu`ôg. A`r`ka kdue`ô em gumvb dbg lk rmspumstk? «sbabs audcks dc`dks lks qum qumrmabs pkrt`d`pkr mg ml aus`dkl, emnmráks pmgskr mg msb. Lbs Mecmllbge? Mecmllb ge? ug c`stbr c` stbr`k `k em Aus` A us`dklm dklmss Tkgt`kib Ëlvkrmz «Gkrgkrbgº
prbtkibg`stks s`maprm sbg lbs dc`dbsº. Em gumvb tmgák rkzôg. Mgtbgdms, klib mgdkoô. Vmgsà mg ugk cbnn`tk qum, ckrtk em lmmr c`stbr`ks ebgem lbs prbtkibg`stks sbg aksdul`gbs y kgtm lk pmrspmdt`vk em ug aktr`abg`b dbgdmrtkeb, sm e`shrkzk y cuym mg nusdk em… klib qum emsdbgbdm. Umgákabs ml t`mapb oustb pkrk pbgmr mg p`m lk bnrk, ksá qum pmgsà qum lk pkrmok prbtkibg`stk pberák smr Amr`txmll Amr`txmll Kekr`ml Kekr `ml y Lu`s Tmrnkl, qu`mgms, kpkrtm em hkd`l`tkr spb`lmr! ), lk rmvmlkd`ôg h`gkl ( spb`lmr! pberákg mgskykr ougtbs mg dksk, lb dukl mrk ugk vmgtkok. Tblb qum gb dkldulà n`mg ugk dbsk? Amr`txmll mstkrák pbr trknkob humrk em Mspkûk tbeb ml ams em kibstb, ksá qum msb kpmgks gbs emoknk ug ams em mgskybs mhmdt`vbs. ]gk vmz tbakek lk emd`s`ôg, am pusm k msdr`n`r lks lmtrks em lks e`mz dkgd`bgms qum cknák mlmi`eb. Kl trknkokr trknkok r lks dkgd`bgms, emsdunrá lk gkturklmzk em lbs pmrsbgkoms qum emsdr`nákg. Mgtbgdms puem dbapbgmr lks e`mz msdmgks. Okaës cknák msdr`tb ug aus`dkl tkg tk g lkrib? =8 =8 pëi`gks msdr`tks mg mstkeb hmnr`l eurkgtm ml ams em oul`b. Urks lks dbrrmdd`bgms, lk drmkd`ôg em p`stks em kdbapkûka`mgtb y lbs pr`amrbs mgskybs dbg ml rmstb eml rmpkrtb, khrbgtkabs ml ams em smpt`manrm dbg lk urimgd`k em mstkr prmpkrkebs pkrk lk Mstmldbg. X`v`abs lk tmapbrkek em mgskybs (sbnrm tbeb lbs h`gklms) dbg vmrekemrb ibzb, ugk mgmriák lua`gbsk qum pkrmdák vmgdmr duklqu`mr e`h`dultke. Ubebs, knsblutkamgtm tbebs lbs a`manrbs eml rmpkrtb (y ms ugk pmgk qum gb tmgik mspkd`b Mecmllbge? Mecmllb ge? ug c`stbr c` stbr`k `k em Aus`d A us`d klms Tkgt`kib Ëlvkrmz «Gkrgkrbgº
pkrk d`tkrlbs) e`mrbg ml ;=6%, sm mshbrzkrbg y humrbg aës kllë em lb qum cknákg cmdcb kgtmr`bramgtm. Dbgtmgtbs pbr lk mxpmr`mgd`k em 9 kûbs ktrës, c`d`abs ug mgskyb imgmrkl mg Eba`g`dbs, dbg pÿnl`db `gv`tkeb, pkrk aës em ;66 pmrsbgks. Ml rmsultkeb gbs e`b dbgh`kgzk pkrk v`kokr k lk Mstmldbg em Ubrtbsk, ugk `lus`ôg qum `aprmigknk lks pkrmems eml Mstmlnus. H`gklamgtm, H`gkl amgtm, ml ;4 ;4 em bdtunrm, k lks >4c, rmprmsmgtkabs ml kgs`keb aus`dkl, 0= a`gutbs em aÿs`dk y erkak, lk bnrk aës mxtmgsk qum okaës cknákabs kdbamt`eb. ]gk c`stbr`k llmgk llmg k em cuabr, pmrb tkan`àg em vklbrms y em tmrgurk, kdtukl y tkan`àg dlës`dk. ]gk c`stbr`k br`i`gkl pmrb qum rmspmtk ml mspár`tu em Ublj`mg. E`shrutkabs dbab gugdk mg lk rmprmsmgtkd`ôg,
`gst`tutb, dbg h`gms meudkt`vbs, dbab kliÿg prbhmsbr em smdugekr`k gbs ck suimr`eb. Mg tbeb dksb, Mecmllbge, aës qum ug pumrtb, am pkrmdm ug nkrdb qum gugdk sm emt`mgm. Tmiurb qum am mgtmgeà`s. P ckstk ckst k kquá cmabs llmikeb. Vkrmdm amgt`rk, amgt`rk, dukgeb du kgeb a`rb ktrës, vmr qum hu`abs dkpkdms em rmprmsmgtkr mstbs 8 aus`dklms, aës em =6 dkgd`bgms y aës em =6 msdmgks, gbsbtrbs, kdtbrms y dkgtkgtms kaktmurs. Pb sblb cm s`eb ug aàe`ua (mshbrzkeb y trknkokebr, msb gb lb g`mib) qum ck `gtmgtkeb dkgkl`zkr ml mgtus`ksab em ug irupb em pmrsbgks mxtrkbre`gkr`b, ug`eb pbr ml kabr k lk bnrk em Ublj`mg Ublj`mg y ml mspár`tu em mstm dbgstrudtb qum llkakabs TUM, qum tkgtks v`eks ck dkan`keb. d kan`keb. Vkrk Mecmllbge, lbs aus`dk aus`dklms lms ckg supumstb ug pmikamgtb, ugk abt`vkd`ôg emsdbaugkl qum cm v`stb nr`llkr mg lbs bobs em tbebs. Audcbs qum gugdk cknákg sun`eb k ug msdmgkr`b e`shrutkrbg dbab g`ûbs: pkrk btrbs, gumstrbs mgskybs ckg s`eb ug nëlskab dbgtrk lbs iblpms em ugk v`ek qum gb s`maprm gbs trktk n`mg.
Tbg, mg emh`g`t`vk, audcbs lbs a`lkirbs, lk aki`k, b s`aplmamgtm lbs lbirbs y drmb qum ml pÿnl`db pueb qum cmabs dbgsmiu`eb ougtbs. dbaprbnkrlb. P mg mstm dksb, drmb qum mstm briullb gb ms klib rmiklkeb, Ubekvák gb ck tmra`gkeb s`gb dbgqu`stkeb. «Pb gb sby dbab lbs emaësº. Drmb qum, dbg klib em t`mapb, P rmdbreke? ml smxtb hum irknkrmabs ugks dkgd`bgms gumstrb ÿlt`ab aus`dkl. qum gbs ckg qumekeb nkstkgtm e`igks y emnmg pbemr B gb. msdudckrsm. Ukan`àg qumrmabs dbaprbnkr lk v`kn`l`eke em rmprmsmgtkr lk bnrk mg kliÿg >;
@X Dktk Cbn Cbnn` n`tt Jckzke-Eúa J ckzke-Eúa Akrák Omsÿs Lkgzumlk L kgzumlk «Tmlmrjëlkº «Tmlmrjëlkº
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g kûb aës, ml Ta`kl em Jckzke-Eúa, emlmikd`ôg zkrkibzkgk em lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk, brikg`zô ugk e`vmrt`ek obrgkek em e`hus`ôg eml msdr`tbr nr`tëg`db O.^.^. Ublj`mg y su bnrk, ame`kgtm lk dmlmnrkd`ôg em lk «@X Dktk cbnn`t em dmrvmzksº.
Mg mstk bdks`ôg, irkd`ks k lk dblknbrkd`ôg em lk sklk em mspmdtëdulbs Ml Tôtkgb Aëi`db, pue`abs e`shrutkr em ugk vmlkek ágt`ak, dbg ug u g kan`mgtm ÿg`db y kirkeknlm, mg ml qum sm emiustkrbg sm`s dmrvmzks krtmskgklms mxpl`dkeks em lk akgb em *LupuluT*, *LupuluT*, qum humrbg h umrbg kdbapkûkeks em tkpks vkr`keks qum akr`eknkg k lk pmrhmdd`ôg dbg lks dkrkdtmrást`dks em lks dmrvmzks.
rmsblv`mgeb kdmrt`obs `gsp`rkebs pkrk brikg`zkr ml mvmgtb mg su mg lk U`mrrk Ame`k, pkrt`d`pkgeb sklk. mg ug a`g` Ublj`mg-tr`v`kl, rmkl`zkgeb nr`ge`s trke`d`bgklms, K Tmri`b em Dmrvmzks Dmr vmzks Krtmsk K rtmskgks gks ksbanrëgebsm dbg oumibs em LupuluT pbr su skn`eurák Aki`k mg e`rmdtb kan`mgtkebs dmrvmdmrk qum gbs dbgeuob k mg lk bnrk em Ublj`mg y audcks trkvàs em dkek emiustkd`ôg. sbrprmsks aës. K tbebs lbs qum gbs mdcëstm`s Mgtrm tbebs lbs ks`stmgtms sm ugk akgb kgtms, eurkgtm y sbrtmkrbg ebs lbtms dbapumstbs emspuàs eml mvmgtb. pbr ug l`nrb em Ublj`mg dbrtmsák em A`gbtkurb, ugk dckpk, y K tbebs lbs qum dbapkrtás dbapk rtástm`s tm`s ml ugk dka`smtk em lk emlmikd`ôg mvmgtb mg rmems, y k kqumllbs qum y eml Ausmb y sklk em Aki`k bs qumeëstm`s mg l`stk em mspmrk. rmspmdt`vkamgtm. P, dôab gb, kl Vrbhmsbr Ublj`mg, Emsem lk emlmikd`ôg qumrmabs qum ms qu`mg, s`g sknmrlb, gbs kvmgturk e`kr`k qum ekr lks irkd`ks k tbebs lbs qum ug`ô mg mstk kvmgturk knkrrbtëstm`s lk sklk em Ml Tôtkgb ms gumstrk ksbd`kd`ôg. Aëi`db, pkrk e`shrutkr em lk #@XDktkCbnn`t em dmrvmzks ¡Gbs vmabs mg ugk s`iu`mgtm krtmskgklms. me`d`ôg!
Mgtrm ugk y btrk, ml pÿnl`db ks`stmgtm pueb e`shrutkr
Ukan`àg kirkemdmabs k Vmpm y Vmpág su dbgh`kgzk mg gbsbtrbs
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Nr`gemabs... ¡pbr Ublj`mg y lbs ka`ibs kusmgtms!
Vkrt`ek y ^mirmsb (@X) Cmlmgk Cmlmgk Iukreb Abl`gk
LK E]^K E]^ K V^]MNK
(N`lnb `gv`s`nlm dbg ml pbemr eml Kg`llb Kg `llb y lbs mgkgbs amt`ebs mg Mgm`e k, nkrr`lms em dba`ek: y ]l`sms y `iukl qum mg lk Mgm`ek mg lks bnrks em Ublj`mg sus dbapkûmrbs mgikgdckebs sm sudmem ugk pr`amrk mg bvmoks pkrk gb smr v`stbs pbr pkrtm ebgem lbs prbtkibg`stks ml Dádlbpm). s`iumg su dka`gb (llmgb em Dbg rmspmdtb kl plkgb prumnks y em e`h`dultkems) e`h `dultkems) y btrk smiugek pkrtm (mg dbgtrkpugtb) aës cuakgb y tmrrmgkl, mg Ml rmlkd`bgkek dbg lks kdd`bgms Cbnn`t qumek rmhlmokeb mg lk cuakgks y lbs mghrmgtka`mgtbs Nktkllk em lbs D`gdb Moàrd`tbs, krakebs. Mg mstk pr`amrk a`tke a`mgtrks qum mg Ml Tmûbr em (tkgtb mg lk Be`smk dbab mg lbs Kg`llbs tmgermabs vkr`bs krakebs, Ml Cbnn`t) tmgmabs kliugbs mghrmgtka`mgtbs momaplbs dbab kpkr`d`ôg ugb mg ml Kn`sab em Cmla y em mlmamgtbs gkturklms qum btrb hrmgtm k lk Vumrtk Gmirk prbvbdkg sbagblmgd`k y em Abrebr. Ml càrbm aát`db blv`eb. Mg lk pr`amrk bnrk gbs s`maprm hbrakrë pkrtm em lk mstkabs rmh`r`mgeb kl pkskom dbgt`mgek y pkrt`d`pkrë em em lbs lbtôirkhbs mg ml dukl akgmrk kdt`vk, rmdbreëgebgbs lbs dbapkûmrbs em Be`smb kl mghrmgtka`mgtb em Mgmks dbg dbamg lbtbs, bhrmd`ebs pbr lbs Uurgb mg @tkl`k y lks guamrbsks ckn`tkgtms em lk `slk y emn`eb kl dbgqu`stks qum rmkl`zô mg msks mhmdtb em mstm kl`amgtb, blv`ekg t`mrrks ugk vmz supmrkek ugk ak r`gb. su a`s`ôg em rmtbrgkr k dksk. pr`amrk pkrtm eml v`kom akr`gb. Mg Ml Cbnn`t gbs s`tukrákabs mg ml Nbsqum Gmirb, mg ml dukl Lbs càrbms emnmg ludckr, lbs mgkgbs dkmg vádt`aks eml v`kokr, ms emd`r, pkrt`d`pkr em mgdkgtka`mgtb eml nbsqum y akgmrk kdt`vk mg lks dbgt`mgeks. p`mremg lk gbd`ôg eml t`mapb m Mstbs skdr`h`d`bs pbr su pkrtm `gdlusb ugb em mllbs dkm mg ug smrëg rmdbapmgskebs dbg lk cmdc`zb em sumûb kl nmnmr kiuk rmdupmrkd`ôg em lk pktr`k, lk eml ráb em e`dcb nbsqum. dulturk, m `gdlusb sus kdd`bgms pumemg llmikr k akrdkr ml h`gkl Btrb mp`sbe`b auy s`a`lkr em ugk àpbdk bsdurk y ml `g`d`b mg kanbs `aki`gkr`bs smrák ml em lk Meke em Brb pkrk sus em lk cu`ek. ]l`sms tmgerë qum pumnlbs. mgdbgtrkr lk akgmrk em msdkpkr em lk dumvk eml Dádlbpm, kl `iukl Mg Ml Cbnn`t mstk ms qum N`lnb tmgerë qum dbgsmiu`r lk aëx`ak qum sm ut`l`zk msdknull`rsm em lks akzabrrks emsem ug pr`amr abamgtb? eml rmy Ucrkgeu`l ougtb dbg sus su s lk rmdupmrkd`ôg eml cbikr, dbapkûmrbs. dbapkûmrbs. Mg kanbs k anbs dksbs lbs lk vumltk em ug pumnlb k sus prbtkibg`stks sbg lbs krtáh`dms bráimgms y k su tmrr`tbr`b, ml dukl eml plkg y kugqum rbzkgeb ml hum krrmnktkeb em akgmrk druml emskstrm, dbgs`iumg sklvkr lk y aklvkek pbr ml pbemr bsdurb, v`ek y lk em sus dbapkûmrbs mg mstm dksb mg lk hbrak eml
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Vkrt`ek Vkrt` ek y ^mirm ^ mirmsb sb (@ X) Cmlmgk Iukreb Iukr eb Abl`gk Abl`g k
erkiôg Takui y lk emstrudd`ôg em lk d`ueke em Mrmnbr.
TKD^@H TKD^@H@D@B @D@B P ^MT]^^MDD@ÔG T` cknlkabs em rmsurrmdd`ôg, tmgmabs qum cknlkr em lk h`iurk em Ikgeklh. Kugqum mg ml T`lakr`ll`bg sm rmlktk duël hum ml `g`d`b em lbs akibs y su hugd`ôg sbnrm lk U`mrrk Ame`k, mg Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs sm `gtuym qum humrbg mgv`kebs pbr lbs e`bsms (Xklkr) pkrk dbgtrkrrmstkr ml pbemr em Abrebr. Dukgeb Ikgeklh ml Ir`s dkm mg lks A`gks em Abr`k (dktënks`s), emok k lk Dbapkûák eml Kg`llb s`g su amgtbr (dbab yk cmabs e`dcb kgtms) y s`g cknmr pbe`eb dbaplmtkr lk tkrmk tk rmk qum sm lm cknák mgdbamgekeb. P ms pbr mllb qum, trks cknmr ekeb su v`ek pbr lk ludck dbgtrk ml Mgma`ib, mstm pmrsbgkom suhrm ugk kgënks`s y rmtbrgk. T`g mankrib, ml pmrsbgkom qum vumlvm k lk U`mrrk Ame`k gb smrë ml a`sab, s`gb ug akib audcb aës humrtm, oustb y e`v`gb (Ikgeklh ml Nlkgdb). Ml luikr eml rmmgdumgtrb em mstm pmrsbgkom dbg ml rmstb em `gtmirkgtms em lk Dbapkûák eml Kg`llb tkapbdb ms dksukl. T` lk dkáek k lk bsdur`eke sm cknák prbeud`eb mg lks bsdurks dkv`ekems em lk abgtkûk, lk vumltk k lk v`ek (kgënks`s) sm prbeudm mg ml rmgkd`eb nbsqum em Hkgibrg. Kugqum lbs t`mapbs sbg klib e`hmrmgtms k lbs qum cmabs amgtkeb kgtmr`bramgtm dbg ml emsdmgsb em Mgmks k lk dumvk em lk T`n`lk (yk qum su kgënks`s sm sudmeák oustb emspuàs em cknmr dbaplmtkeb >4
su tkrmk mg ml @ghrkaugeb), ml dbgdmptb s`ium s`mgeb ml a`sab mg su dbgougtb y ml rmsultkeb tkan`àg. Emspuàs em lk vumltk em Ikgeklh k lk Dbapkûák sm e`r`img dbg ruanb h`ob k Àebrks pkrk prmpkrkr ml mghrmgtka`mgtb krakeb dbg Abrebr y Tkurbg. Tbnrm mstm pugtb tkan`àg sm pberák amgd`bgkr lk emd`s`ôg em Krkibrg em tbakr ml Tmgemrb em lbs Aumrtbs. Dbab yk cmabs e`dcb kgtmr`bramgtm mstm pmrsbgkom ck mstkeb ludckgeb dbgtrk su emst`gb em rmdlkakr ml trbgb eurkgtm kûbs, pmrb lk iumrrk y ml h`gkl em lk d`v`l`zkd`ôg `ga`gmgtm lm ckdmr kdlkrkr su amgtm y ekr ug pksb
kl hrmgtm. ]gk em lks rmsblud`bgms qum tbak dbg rmspmdtb k mstm gumvb pkpml dbab rmy smrë lk em dbgvbdkr k ug moàrd`tb akle`tb qum abrk mg lks abgtkûks emsem ckdm s`ilbs y qum gb pberë emsdkgskr ckstk qum duaplkg su ourkamgtb kgtm ml cmrmemrb lmiát`ab eml trbgb. Krkibrg, ml abgtkrkz, ml pmrmir`gb, ml mx`l`keb, emsdmgemrë k lk abgtkûk, pmrb gb ksdmgemrë dbab tkl, s`gb dbab ml cmrmemrb lmiát`ab eml trbgb em Ibgebr, y kdbapkûkeb pbr ug moàrd`tb em a`llkrms qum lm rmdbgbdmg y ludckrëg k su lkeb pkrk ekr pbr tmra`gkeb su ourkamgtb. Mstk dktënks`s y pbstmr`br kgënks`s trkmrë lk v`dtbr`k mg ml dkapb
em nktkllk y lk lmi`t`akd`ôg emh`g`t`vk em Krkibrg.
ML ^MUB^GB K DKTK Lbs v`koms v`ko ms em rmtbrgb em N`lnb y Hrbeb gb dbgt`mgmg lk a`sak dkrik erkaët`dk qum lks pkrt`eks, s`gb qum mg mllbs prmeba`gk lk pkz y lk gbrakl`eke. Eurkgtm lbs a`sabs, lbs prbtkibg`stks ibzkg eml rmdbgbd`a`mgtb em btrbs pmrsbgkoms pbr sus ckzkûks, dbg `gv`tkd`bgms k dbrtms em rmyms, h`mstks mg ml rm`gb mlhb em lbs nbsqums, mtd. ^mtbrgkg dbg dkrrmtks mgtmrks llmgks em rmdumrebs, sbuvmrg`rs, y mxpmr`mgd`ks kprmge`eks. Gb sbg lbs a`sabs qum pkrt`mrbg, y msk dkrik mabd`bgkl lms kdbapkûkrë ckstk ml h`gkl em lbs eáks, dbab pkrtm eml s`gb eml càrbm àp`db. Vmrb s` n`mg ml v`kom gb supbgm irkgems e`h`dultkems, ml cbikr, kl `iukl qum lbs prbtkibg`stks, gb ms ml a`sab. Mg Ml Cbnn`t tmgmabs lk msdmgk em lk sunkstk em lks pmrtmgmgd`ks em N`lnb Nblsôg, kl qum sus dbgd`uekekgbs cknákg ekeb pbr aumrtb kl llmvkr kusmgtm em lk Dbakrdk eurkgtm aës em ug kûb. Ms ugk msdmgk auy dur`bsk, ebgem vmabs dôab lks pmrtmgmgd`ks eml cbnn`t sbg l`tmrklamgtm llmvkeks dbl`gk knkob em lk akgb em sus gumvbs eumûbs. K e`hmrmgd`k em ]l`sms, qum sá qum dbgbdák lb qum mstknk sudme`mgeb dbg su auomr y lk bdupkd`ôg em lk dksk pbr tbebs lbs prmtmge`mgtms, N`lnb llmik oustb mg ml abamgtb em lk sunkstk y kdtukrë mg ml kdtb, tmg`mgeb `gdlusb qum prmsmgtkr ebduamgtkd`ôg h`rakek pkrk `emgt`h`dkrsm y pbemr rmdlkakr Nblsôg Dmrrkeb y tbeks lks pmrtmgmgd`ks pmrtmgmgd`ks qum kÿg gb cknákg s`eb sunkstkeks. Mg Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs gbs mgdbgtrkabs dbg btrk msdmgk e`hmrmgtm. Dukgeb lbs prbtkibg`stks prbtkibg`stks rmtbrgkg, lmobs em mgdbgtrkr ml cbikr dbab dukgeb
>5
Vkrt`ek Vkrt` ek y ^mirm ^ mirmsb sb (@ X) Cmlmgk Iukreb Iukre b Abl`gk Abl`g k
akrdckrbg, emsdunrmg qum lk dbgh`mrmg ug pkskom mspmd`kl Dbakrdk ck s`eb msdlkv`zkek y pkrk emsdkgskr mg lks lmokgks emstru`ek dks` mg su tbtkl`eke t`mrrks kllmgem ml Akr. Mstk pbr Tkruakg, ml dukl cknák trkvmsák ck s`eb `gtmrprmtkek msdkpkeb em lk hbrtklmzk em pbr audcbs dbab ugk klmibrák @smgikre y sm cknák emsplkzkeb em lk aumrtm pmrb Ublj`mg ckstk Cbnn`tbg. Mstk ludck kdlkrô mg kliugks em sus dkrtks rmprmsmgtk h`mlamgtm lk eukl`eke pr`vkeks (Dkrpmgtmr ;03;: mgtrm àpbdk prm-`geustr`kl y dkrtks g¿ ;=5 y >58) qum mstm àpbdk pbst-`geustr`kl4 y humrzk v`kom mrk ug ebg mspmd`kl, dbg du rkrlms em lks cmr`eks k lbs prbtkibg`stks k momrdmr ëg`ab em durkrlms btrk vmz ug pkpml em láemrms qum cknák suhr`eb k dkusk eml Kg `llb em Vbemr. Kugqum gb y llmvkr k su pumnlb ckstk ug Kg`llb mghrmgtka`mgtb e`rmdtb dbg ml rmd`nmg lk `gabrtkl`eke, sá qum akib k n`mg em dbgsmrvkr su e`shrutkrëg em ug rmpbsb mg ug luikr sunl`am, `eál`db y prbp`b pumnlb y sus rkádms. em lbs e`bsms. 4 Mstk e`dbtbaák eml bremg gkturkl em lks dbsks hrmgtm k lk DBGDL]T@ÔG `geustr`kl`zkd`ôg y ml dkan`b eml augeb mstë s`anbl`zkeb mg Dbg mstm trknkob cmabs lbs l`nrbs k trkvàs eml pbemr em `gtmgtkeb smgtkr smgtkr lks nksms em ug Abrebr. Mstm kspmdtb ms auy tmak prmsua`nlmamgtm audcb `apbrtkgtm mg lk v`ek eml kutbr aës prbhugeb y e`igb em ug yk qum gb emnmabs blv`ekr qum mstue`b mg emtkllm. Cmabs gkd`ô k h`gklms eml s`ilb S@S y pkskeb em pugt`llks pbr ml v`v`ô ebs iumrrks auge`klms, lb `aki`gkr`b eml v`kom mg lks ebs qum c`zb qum tuv`mrk mspmd`kl bnrks aës `apbrtkgtms em O. prme`lmdd`ôg pbr ml mgtbrgb ^.^ .Ublj`mg, Ml Cbnn`t y Ml dkapmstrm y cbikrmûb qum lm Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs, pmrb cky kdbapkûô eurkgtm su g`ûmz, btrks audcks audck s bnrks em mstm kutbr kdmrdëgeblm mg mstm smgt`eb k qum pberákg kûke`rsm, dbab ml lbs cbnn`ts. T`lakr`ll`bg. Vmrb mstbs v`koms gb tmra`gkg tmra`g kg mg lk Dbakrdk. Ukgtb Hrbeb dbab N`lnb rmkl`zkrëg ugk “ÿlt`ak trkvmsák‑. Emsem lbs Vumrtbs Ir`sms, lbs ÿlt`abs mlhbs qum ckn`tkg lk U`mrrk Ame`k lms
Gbsbtrbs gbs cmabs dmgtrkeb mg lbs pkskoms aës dkrkdtmrást`dbs eml v`kom eml càrbm, dbab lk llkakek em lk kvmgturk, lk h`iurk eml amgtbr b lk dktënks`s y lk kgënks`s, kgënks`s , y cmabs
N@NL@BI^KHÁK
Dkrpmgtmr, C. (>6;5). O.^.^. Ublj`mg? k n`birkpcy, Nbstbg? Cbuictbg A`hhl`g.
Nksturtb. M. (>6;5). Ml akmstrb em lk hkgtksák àp`dk. Mg O^^ O^ ^ Ublj`mg? rmemsdunr`mgeb rmemsdu nr`mgeb ml amgskom eml a`tb y lk kvmgturk (pp.;=->3). Vmgska`mgtbs y Vmrspmdt`vks. Xbl. ;. Kl`dkgtm? Mks, E. L. Dkapnmll, O. (>66;). (>66;). Ml càrbm em lks a`l dkrks? Vs`dbkgël`s`s eml a`tb. Aàx`db? Hbgeb em Dulturk Mdbgôa`dk. Vkrt`ek Vkrt` ek y ^mirm ^ mirmsb sb (@ X) Cmlmgk Iukreb Iukr eb Abl`gk Abl`g k
-, (;03;). Ucm lmttmrs bh O^^ Ublj`mg (Xbl. ;56). Nbstbg? Cbuictbg A`hhl`g.
`gtmgtkeb kdmrdkrlbs b pbgmrlbs mg dbaÿg dbg hrkiamgtbs em Mgm`e k. lk @lákek , lk Be`smk y lk Mgm`ek Bnv`kamgtm lk trke`d`ôg dlës`dk gb sm l`a`tk k mstks bnrks, pmrb gbsbtrbs cmabs h`okeb gumstrb ruanb dbg mstks emn`eb k su `apbrtkgd`k emgtrb eml iàgmrb em lk àp`dk irmdblkt`gk. Ml v`kom eml càrbm ms ugb em lbs `aki`gkr`bs dlës`dbs qum `gugekg lk l`tmrkturk y lk dulturk kdtuklms, y ms msk kaklikak mgtrm trke`d`ôg dlës`dk y sbd`meke kdtukl lk qum ckdm mspmd`klamgtm `gtmrmskgtms y gmdmskr`bs mstbs mstue`bs. Lks bnrks l`tmrkr`ks gb sbg mstët`dks, s`gb qum dkan`kg y sm mgr`qumdmg dbg ml t`mapb y s`maprm tmgerëg ugk `aprbgtk mg lk sbd`meke rmdmptbrk em lks a`saks, akgtmg`àgeblks akgtmg`àgeblks v`vks. Mg lk bnrk em Ublj`mg Ublj`mg tkan`àg t kan`àg sm mgtrmvàg btrbs `aki`gkr`bs, dbab ml em lk eukl`eke mgtrm ml N`mg y ml Akl, ml tmak krtÿr`db b lk àp`dk gôre`dk, qum gb sm ckg trktkeb emn`eb k su dbaplmo`eke, pmrb qum sbg `iukl em `apbrtkgtms y su dbgtkdtb dbg lk trke`d`ôg dlës`dk ms lb qum ckdm qum dbab rmsultkeb cby eák pbekabs lmmr ugk em lks gbvmlks aës `apbrtkgtms em lk l`tmrkturk `gilmsk eml s`ilb SS. Iôamz Mspmlbság, H. O. (;005), ^mlktbs em v`kom mg lk Be`smk, Mstue`bs Dlës`dbs. Xbl. 48, g¿ ;68, pp. 9-4>. Amymr, N. (>663). Càrbms? lbs irkgems pmrsbgkoms eml `aki`gkr`b em gumstrk l`tmrkturk. Xbl. 44. Aker`e? T`rumlk.
Mstmnkg, T. T. (>6;=). C`stbr`k em ugk `ek y ugk vumltk, em ]l`sms k N`lnb Nblsôg? Ublj`mg, O. ^. ^. (>660), Ml `ghlumgd`ks em lk àp`dk dlës`dk mg lk hkgtksák abemrgk, Ml Cbnn`t. Cbnn`t. Nkrdmlbgk? A`gbtkurb. Mg O^^ Ublj`mg? ml ërnbl em lks -, (>6;>), Lk dbaug`eke eml c`stbr`ks c`stbr` ks (pp. ;40-;5 ;40-;50). 0). Aker`e? DM] Me`d`bgms. Me `d`bgms. Kg`llb. Kg` llb. Nkrdmlbgk? A`gbtku A `gbtkurb. rb. >=
Mg pmrsbgk? pmrsbgk? Kgk Akr`ûb “Xmryôrê‑ Lbrmgk ^buimt ^buimt “Ukrykwmg “Uk rykwmg Mryk‑
G
umstrk `gv`tkek em mstm gÿamrb ckdm pbdb aës em ug kûb qum ms sbd`k sbd` k em lk TUM y ikgô ml pr`amr prma`b em lk S@ Me`d`ôg em lbs Vrma`bs Kmlhw`gm. Kmlhw `gm.
gb lb msdbiá yb s`gb qum lb drmkrbg pkrk aá.
- ²^mdumreks duël hum lk pr`amrk bnrk em Ublj`mg qum lmástm2
«Ml Cbnn`tº, dbg bgdm kûbs, y k dbgt`gukd`ôg “Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs‑. Hum ug vmrkgb mstupmgeb.
Lk Lua`l`geê em lk Mstmldbg em _krkibzk >6;8, qum db`gd`e`ô dbg a` duaplmkûbs. Am eme`dkrbg ugk kdtukd`ôg y tbebs lbs ks`stmgtms am dkgtkrbg ml Duaplmkûbs Hml`z… am smgtá dks` dbab N`lnb mg su akdrbh`mstk em emspme`ek.
²Em quà akgmrk emsdunr`stm k lk TUM y pbr quà emd`e`stm ug`rtm k mllk2 ²Ms dbab `aki`gknks2
- ²Vberáks emd`rgbs duël ms tu pkskom b l`nrb hkvbr`tb em lk bnrk em Ublj`mg2
Emsdunrá lk TUM pbr purk dksukl`eke a`mgtrks `gvmst`iknk pkrk ug trknkob em lk ug`vmrs`eke, pr`amrb am mgdbgtrà dbg lbs prma`bs Kmlhw`gm y emspuàs dbg lk TUM. Gb sknrák emd`r s` ms dbab `aki`gknk, pbrqum tkapbdb tmgák g`giÿg t`pb em mxpmdtkt`vk, pmrb am ck pmra`t`eb dbgbdmr k pmrsbgks akrkv`llbsks qum cby sbg ugk pkrtm msmgd`kl mg a` v`ek.
«Mi`e`b, ml irkgomrb em Ckaº. Tm lb akgeb lmmr k a`s kluagbs tbebs lbs kûbs. Vkrk aá ms ugk pmqumûk irkg obyk qum, k amgueb, pksk emskpmrd`n`ek, ksá dbab ml rmstb em lks bnrks «amgbrmsº em Ublj`mg, qum pkrk aá sblb sbg amgbrms mg mxtmgs`ôg.
- ²Duël hum ml pr`amr mvmgtb mg ml qum pkrt`d`pkstm2 Lk pr`amrk Amrmtc em lk D`àgkik em lbs Aumrtbs. - ²Duël ms tu psmueôg`ab y pbr quà lb msdbi`stm2
Xmryôrê, «Dbrkzôg kvmgturmrbº. Mg rmkl`eke >8
- ²[uà abamgtb rmdumreks dbg aës dkr`ûb dkr `ûb em tbebs lbs qum cks v`v`eb dbg lk TUM2
- ²Duël ms tu pmrsbgkom hkvbr`tb em lk bnrk em Ublj`mg2
T`g euek y s`maprm Àbwyg. K pmskr em lks drát`dks em a`sbi`g`k b hkltk em dbaprmgs`ôg em lk s`dblbiák hmamg`gk qum sm lm ckg cmdcb k Ublj`mg, pbr ml dbgtrkr`b, drmb qum lk Ekak em ^bckg aumstrk `gqu`mtuems y smgt`a`mgtbs dbg lbs qum audcks auomrms gbs smgt`abs `emgt`h`dkeks. - ²Dôab mxpl`dkráks qu`àg ms Ublj`mg y lk TUM2 (Dbg lk amgbr dkgt`eke em pklknrks pbs`nlms, om, om).
Ublj`mg ms ml hugekebr em lk kdtukl l`tmrkturk hkgtëst`dk y lk TUM, lk brikg`zkd`ôg mg Mspkûk qum sm eme`dk k lk e`hus`ôg em lbs vklbrms y bnrk em Ublj`mg. - T` pue`mrks, ²quà prmiugtk lm ckráks ckrák s k Ublj`mg2 Ublj`mg2
²Tblb ugk2 Vums supbgib qum smrák? ²pumeb ckdmrtm >6 prmiugtks aës2 - ²Dôab vms k lk TUM mg ml huturb2
Am prmbdupk lk mvblud`ôg em kliugks dbsks, dbab ml cmdcb em lbs prbnlmaks qum mstë imgmrkgeb lk brikg`zkd`ôg em lks Mstmldbgms. Vmrb, mg dbgougtb, drmb qum sm mstë kvkgzkgeb mg ugk numgk e`rmdd`ôg. Vbr momaplb, sm mstëg rmhlbtkgeb b hugekgeb gumvks Dba`s`bgms em trknkob y cky vkr`bs prbymdtbs `gtmrmskgtms mg akrdck.
Obsà Blabs Blabs «@smgikre «@smgikre Uujº U ujº
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`yk, ka`ibs. ¡Cmabs drmd`eb! Lks Obrgkeks Ikstrbgôa`dks mg tbrgb k Ublj`mg y lk U`mrrk Ame`k sbg kcbrk ml Ams em Ublj`mg y lk Hkgtksák mg Lk Ukvmrgk em lk Tmrp. Eml 4; em bdtunrm kl ;6 em e`d`manrm Tkiugt sm dbgv`mrtm mg Nrmm y Lk Ukvmrgk em lk Tmrp mg Ml Vbgmy V`skebr, pmrb kÿg cky aës. Lk rmd`àg mstrmgkek Ebaus Kt`l`k sm dbgv`mrtm mg Lk Tklk eml Humib eml pklkd`b em Mlrbge, y mg mllk msdudckrmabs dumgtbs y dkgd`bgms qum gbs llmvkrëg pbr Krek y aës kllë… Umgermabs tbeb t`pb em kdt`v`ekems? mxpbs`d`bgms, oumibs, d`gm, aÿs`dk mg e`rmdtb mg lk tknmrgk lbs eba`gibs k ame`beák, prmsmgtkd`bgms em l`nrbs, lmdturks em dumgtbs dbg kdbapkûka`mgtb aus`dkl mg ml sklôg eml N&N Ebaus Kt`l`k, y pbr supumstás`ab, lbs e`vmrt`ebs amgÿs tmktrkl`zkebs, ug e`vmrt`eb v`kom pbr lks kvmgturks em N`lnb y Hrbeb k trkvàs eml pklkekr y em lks bdurrmgd`ks eml `apmrt`gmgtm @smgikr Uuj, eàd`abtmrdmr c`ob eml X`mob Uuj y em qu`àg sm e`dm qum hum ml pr`amr cbnn`t qum v`koô pbr ml akr. Ukan`àg pberà`s pkrt`d`pkr mg lbs e`hmrmgtms dbgdursbs qum dbgvbdkrmabs? ml em Dkrkdtmr`zkd`ôg m @geuamgtkr`k y ml em Lmanks.
Vkrk pkrt`d`pkr mg ml pr`amrb, sôlb t`mgms qum vmg`r dkrkdtmr`zkeb em kliugb em lbs pmrsbgkoms qum pumnlkg lk U`mrrk Ame`k y ckdmrtm ugk hbtb dbg gbsbtrbs, y pkrk ml em Lmanks, qum prma`krë k qu`mg trk`ik ml aës sknrbsb em lbs Vkgms àlh`dbs em Lbtclôr`mg, tmgerës tmgerë s qum vmg`r vmg`r dbg tus ikllmtks prmpkrkeks. ¡Mstke ktmgtbs k lks rmems, ebgem bs mxpl`dkrmabs lks nksms pkrk qum pkrt`d`pà`s pkrt `d`pà`s!! ]gk kdt`v`eke qum lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk brikg`zk k trkvàs eml Ta`kl em Mecmllbge, dbg lk pkrt`d`pkd`ôg pkr t`d`pkd`ôg
em Lk Ukvmrgk em lk Tmrp, Cbtml «N&Nº Ebaus Kt`l`k y ^mdôge`tk ^`dj, qu`mg ug kûb aës gbs ck rmiklkeb ug akigáh`db dkrtml y dbg duyk prmsmgd`k tkan`àg dbgtkrmabs pkrk qum gbs cknlm em sus prbymdtbs Bs mspmrkabs pkrk dbapkrt`r dbg vbsbtrbs ml sknbr y lk aki`k eml lmikeb em Ml Vrbhmsbr em Bxhbre qum ck akrdkeb ug kgtms y ug emspuàs mg lk l`tmrkturk l`tmrktu rk mg imgmrkl y mg ml iàgmrb iàgmrb hkgtëst`db mg pkrt`dulkr. Gkaër`ê! >9
Lk (pmr)vmrs`ôg d`gma d`gmaktbirë ktbirëh`dk h`dk em Krkibrg K rkibrg Kgk Akrák Akr`ûb Kr`ks, «X «Xmryôrêº
Ebdtbrk mg L`tmrkturk C`spëg`dk Vrbhmsbrk em lmgiuk mg Meudkd`ôg Tmdugekr`k Vrma`b Kmlhw`gm Kmlhw` gm em mgskyb >6;8 >6;8
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l maplmkr lbs tàra`gbs «vmrs`ôgº y «pmrvmrs`ôgº mg ml tátulb, sm ek pbr cmdcb ml emsváb em lk kekptkd`ôg dbg rmspmdtb k su abemlb l`tmrkr`b. T`g mankrib, mg g`giÿg dksb sm prmtmgem pbgmr mg tmlk em ou`d`b lk dkl`eke imgmrkl em lk pmládulk g` ml àx`tb lbirkeb dbg mllk. Vbr ml dbgtrkr`b, sm ksp`rk k rmskltkr y dumst`bgkr kliugks em lks emsv`kd`bgms aës s`ig`h`dkt`vks rmspmdtb kl br`i`gkl, dmgtrkeks mg ml pmrsbgkom em Krkibrg. Em mstm abeb, sm plkgtmkg lks pbs`nlms `apl`dkd`bgms y dkan`bs em br`mgtkd`ôg qum, mg irkg ame`ek, ckg kltmrkeb, y qu`zë «pmrvmrt`ebº, ml amgskom em lk bnrk em Ublj`mg. Mg pkrtm, mstb ms emn`eb k qum lks trkeudd`bgms hála`dks sbg s`gtbaët`dks em lks tmgemgd`ks, `emks, abemlbs y dôe`ibs `apmrkgtms mg ugk emtmra`gkek sbd`meke b dulturk dultu rk y sbg auy e`hmrmgtms lks kdtuklms em lks qum cunb mg lk àpbdk em dbapbs`d`ôg em lk gbvmlk.
Lk «vmrs`ôgº k lk qum gbs rmhmr`abs em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs ms lk rmkl`zkek pbr ml e`rmdtbr Vmtmr Okdjsbg, Vc`ll`pk Vc`l l`pk Nbymgs y Hrkg Yklsc;, cmdck trktkgeb em akgtmgmr lk h`eml`eke eml amgskom msmgd`kl eml l`nrb aës qum lk lmtrk eml tmxtb. Ml ems`ig`b drmkt`vb eml kutbr khmdtk khmdt k k lk dbgstrudd`ôg dbgstr udd`ôg em lk bnrk em akgmrk hugekamgtkl, lb qum emtmra`gk qum lk kekptkd`ôg d`gmaktbirëh`dk em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs ckyk ekeb luikr k ugk ug k gumvk `gtmrprmtkd`ôg eml br`i`gkl, kutôgbak, qum imgmrk ugk mxpmr`mgd`k mstàt`dk tbtklamgtm e`hmrmgtm. Dbg tbeb y dbg msb, y k pmskr eml du`ekeb qum sm pusb mg lbs emtkllms y lk rmdrmkd`ôg em lk U`mrrk Ame`k, lks kekptkd`bgms l`tmrkr`ks mg lk irkg pkgtkllk s`maprm kltmrkg lk pmrdmpd`ôg em lbs pmrsbgkoms y ml kriuamgtb. Ms mv`emgtm qum ms `apbs`nlm trkslkekr emtmra`gkeks dkrkdtmrást`dks eml augeb drmkeb pbr Ublj`mg, k dkusk em lks l`a`tkd`bgms msmgd`klms eml lmgiukom d`gmaktbirëh`db>. Ml prbp`b Okdjsbg rmdbgbdák? «K vmdms am s`mgtb hrustrkeb pbrqum cky klib eml mspár`tu em Ublj`mg qum gb cmabs ktrkpkeb. Gb sbg lks pmládulks pmládu lks pmrhmdtks pmrhmdt ks qum yb tmgák tmgák mg amgtmº4. >3
Tm emd`e`ô akgtmgmr lk mstrudturk tr`pkrt`tk qum lbs me`tbrms em Ublj`mg btbrikrbg k lk bnrk, `gdlusb dbg lk a`sak emgba`gkd`ôg. Vmrb, k pmskr em lk prblbgikek eurkd`ôg, kliugbs em lbs dkan`bs gmdmskr`kamgtm ckg s`eb lk suprms`ôg em kdbgtmd`a`mgtbs y pmrsbgkoms b lk kltmrkd`ôg eml bremg mg qum bdurrmg kliugbs mvmgtbs. Em cmdcb, tbebs lbs càrbms pr`gd`pklms em lk c`stbr`k ckg rmsultkeb `gmv`tknlmamgtm mapbnrmd`ebs, ekeb qum ml kutbr `gilàs lms btbriô ugk prbhuge`eke qum `ap`em cknlkr em pmrsbgkoms smdugekr`bs mg smgt`eb mstr`dtb, y dkek ugb t`mgm ugk lknbr hugekamgtkl, qum sm emse`nuok mg lk pmládulk, kl dbgvmrt`r k Hrbeb mg su hbdb dks` mxdlus`vb. Kl kekptkr kekptk r lbs pmrsbgkoms em ugk gbvmlk k ugk prbeudd`ôg d`gmaktbirëh`dk, gb tbebs lbs qum kpkrmdmg mg lk pr`amrk pumemg ckdmrlb mg ml h`la. Emnmg mlmi`rsm lbs gmdmskr`bs pkrk dbgeud`r lk c`stbr`k, ekr e`amgs`ôg kl pmrsbgkom pr`gd`pkl, drmkr suntrkaks… Emn`eb k mstb, mg bdks`bgms sm dbgdmgtrkg mg ug sblb pmrsbgkom lks hugd`bgms qum mg ml l`nrb sm e`v`emg mg e`hmrmgtms b sm drmkg gumvbs qum dbaplmtmg hugd`bgms gmdmskr`ks pkrk ml iu`ôg. Mg kliugbs dksbs, mstks kltmrkd`bgms gb khmdtkg emaks`keb k lk mstrudturk b kl amgskom pr`a`img`bs, dbab bdurrm dbg lk ml`a`gkd`ôg em tbeb lb rmlkt`vb k Uba Nbanke`l, kugqum mg btrks dumst`bgms sm akrdk ug prbhugeb dkan`b em `gtmrprmtkd`ôg, dbab mg ml dksb eml pmrsbgkom em Krkibrg. Krkibrg . Ukgtb mg lk bnrk l`tmrkr`k dbab mg lk pmládulk, ml cmrmemrb em @s`leur emsmapmûk ugk lknbr erkaët`dk hugekamgtkl. T`g mankrib, mankrib, ml abgtkrkz em lbs trms lkribamtrkoms mxprmsk mxdms`vks eueks sbnrm su emst`gb, a`mgtrks qum mg ml l`nrb qumek emsdr`tb dbg ugk amzdlk em tr`stmzk y klmirák, pmrb s`maprm klnmrikgeb mspmrkgzk. Tu pktrôg dbab pmrsbgkom l`tmrkr`b sm koustk kl eml càrbm dknkllmrmsdb y su trkymdtbr`k supbgm ug `t`gmrkr`b ksdmgemgtm ckstk su mxkltkd`ôg h`gkl, s`g ekrsm mg àl qu`mnrks g` hkllks, kugqum mstb gb s`ig`h`dk qum pkrmzdk sbnrmcuakgb, kl akrimg em lk dbapks`ôg, lk emn`l`eke b lk euek. Tu cmrb`d`eke ms `gdumst`bgknlm pmrb tkan`àg su imgmrbs`eke y
mgtrmik, sbnrm tbeb k lbs aës eàn`lms. Ms mg mstm trktka`mgtb ebgem sm tbrgkg pktmgtms d`mrtks dkrmgd`ks erkaët`dks mg su vmrs`ôg kue`bv`sukl, kue`bv`sukl, yk qum sm tuvb aës mg dumgtk kl mspmdtkebr kdtukl qum ml dkrëdtmr aát`db, dlës`db, eml l`nrb eml msdr`tbr `gilàs. Mg lk pmládulk, Krkibrg ms prmsmgtkeb dbab ml càrbm qum emnm pkskr pbr lk tmgtkd`ôg eml Kg`llb, qumekgeb ksá mqu`pkrkeb kl rmstb em kdtkgtms, y sm sunrkyk lk `gtmgd`ôg em Vmtmr Okdjsbg em kdmrdkr ml pmrsbgkom kl pÿnl`db. Klib qum ck dbgllmvkeb d`mrtks dbgdms`bgms kgkdrôg`dks kgkdrôg`d ks qum ckg emsmanbdkeb mg ml mapbnrmd`a`mgtb dkrkdtmrblôi`db em kliugbs em lbs pmrsbgkoms pr`gd`pklms y ck rmnkokeb lk prbhuge`eke eml rmlktb.
qum emr`vkrëg em sus emd`s`bgms kgtm lk llmikek em lk sbanrk k su mx`stmgd`k, aës b amgbs trkgqu`lk, y kl augeb. Vbr btrk pkrtm, ugk em lks dbgsmdumgd`ks em mdbgba`zkr pmrsbgkoms hum lk suprms`ôg em lk Dbapkûák Ir`s, lb qum emsdbgtmxtukl`zk pbr dbaplmtb k Krkibrg, qum pksk em smr ml dkp`tëg em ug pumnlb qum ck pmre`eb su rm`gb pmrb qum akgt`mgm sus rkádms y sus trke`d`bgms, k smr ugk h`iurk sbl`tkr`k qum akgt`mgm amobrms rmlkd`bgms dbg lbs mlhbs qum dbg lbs cbanrms. Mstb, suakeb k lk kusmgd`k eml Vrágd`pm @arkc`l, ugb em lbs pr`gd`pklms smûbrms em Ibgebr qum lb rmdbgbdm dbab rmy, y em @brmtc, lk auomr em lk Dksk em
K pmskr em lk h`eml`eke dbg qum lbs iu`bg`stks ckg dbgstru`eb ml pmrsbgkom hála`db, y eml mxtrkbre`gkr`b trknkob em X`iib Abrtmgsmg, lk lmdturk pmrsbgkl eml e`rmdtbr sm rmvmlk k trkvàs em ebs rksibs tôp`dbs hugekamgtklms? -Lks rmt`dmgd`ks dbg qum ml pmrsbgkom mgdkrk lk kdmptkd`ôg em su emst`gb dbab lmiát`ab cmrmemrb eml trbgb em Ibgebr. ]g vmrekemrb dknkllmrb gb euek, dbgbdm su emst`gb y lb qum sm mspmrk em àl. -Tus akrdkeks dukl`ekems dbab dkue`llb a`l`tkr pbr mgd`ak em su dkrëdtmr tkuaktÿri`db y su skn`eurák eml pkskeb, em lks trke`d`bgms mgtrmlkzkeks qum ktkûmg k cbanrms y mlhbs. G` s`qu`mrk pkrtm em ^`vmgeml dbg su mspkek l`gkoást`d l`g koást`dk, k, dbab smûklk lk prbhmdák. Vbr ml dbgtrkr`b, mstk gb ms rmhbrokek ckstk qum gb sm lb p`em Krwmg k Mlrbge, bnl`ikgeb k mstm, pkrk ckdmr lk mgtrmik, k mgdkrkr ug pml`irbsb y lkrib v`kom pbr ugk U`mrrk Ame`k yk mg p`m em iumrrk, ckstk Ml Tkirkr`b, ebgem Krkibrg kdkapk ougtb k lks cumstms em ^bckg. Em mstm abeb, qu`zë sm prmtmgeák rmhbrzkr ml pkpml em Krwmg Kr wmg y em su kabr, pmrb ml rmsultkeb ms ml amgbsdknb eml pmrsbgkom em Krkibrg y em lk l k a`s`ôg kapkrkek pbr su emst`gb cmrô`db. Ml abgtkrkz l`tmrkr`b trkgsa`tm ugk rke`dkl gbstkli`k qum emr`vk em lks mspmrkgzks qum sm emsvkgmdmg mg su dbrkzôg kgtm lk kamgkzk eml h`g em tbeks lks dbsks cmrabsks y gb sblb, dbab sm ck prmsmgtkeb mg ml dmlulb`em, k dkusk em lk smpkrkd`ôg smpk rkd`ôg em lk pmrsbgk kakek. Ml càrbm àp`db em Ublj`mg knrkzk su emst`gb, gb rmiktmk dbg àl, kug dukgeb gb lm kirkem lk kdmptkd`ôg em lks dbgsmdumgd`ks Lk (pmr)vmrs (pm r)vmrs`ôg `ôg d`gmaktb d`g maktbiëh` iëh`dk dk em Krkibr K rkibrgg Kgk Akrá A krákk Akr`ûb Akr `ûb Kr`ks Kr `ks «Xmr yôrêº
Tkgkd`ôg qum rmdumrek lk trke`d`ôg em qum lbs kgt`iubs smûbrms eml rm`gb pbsmákg v`rtuems durkt`vks durkt `vks qum lbs `emgt`h`dknkg `emgt`h`dk nkg dbab tklms, prbvbdk lk smgskd`ôg em qum aës qum ug rmy lmiát`ab qum llmik mg ml abamgtb em akybr gmdms`eke, ms ug usurpkebr qum sm ck cmdcb dbg ml pbemr ame`kgtm ug cën`l iblpm em akgb, kprbvmdcëgebsm em lks d`rdugstkgd`ks y lbs kpbybs qum ck dbgsmiu`eb. @akimg qum sm rmhumrzk, pbr dbgtrkstm, dbg ml a`meb qum aumstrk Emgmtcbr k smr pbstmrikeb pbst mrikeb pbr ug vkiknugeb abgtkrkz eml gbrtm y qum, em kliÿg abeb, ckdm k V`pp`g y Ikgeklh, mg d`mrtk ame`ek, dôapl`dms em ug iblpm em mstkeb. Vmrb kemaës, sm sust`tuym, mg lk pmládulk, k lk Dbapkûák y ml rmstb em rmhumrzbs em lks prbv`gd`ks prbv`gd`k s eml Tur qum kdbapkûkg k Krkibrg k lbs dkapbs eml Vmlmggbr, pbr ugk cumstm em hkgtksaks qum, k abeb em emus mx akdc`gk, emstruymg tbeb rkstrb em v`ek eml mgma`ib y mgtrkg k l`nmrkr lk d`ueke. Cmabs em supbgmr qum, mg msm dksb, humrbg dkpkdms em e`st`giu`r k lbs sblekebs em Ibgebr y k lk pbnlkd`ôg d`v`l, em lbs brdbs y ckrker`a em emgtrb. T`g mankrib, mg ml l`nrb, ml ktkqum `aprmv`stb em Krkibrg y lbs emaës emsem lbs nkrdbs, qum sm supbgm qum pbrtknkg rmhumrzbs pkrk lks trbpks em Tkurbg, ms rmspklekeb pbr >0
ugk skl`ek em lbs dknkllmrbs em lk d`ueke qum hbrak ugk p`gzk mg lk qum qumekg ktrkpkebs lbs s`t`kebrms. Ksá pums, sm ck pmre`eb lk v`sukl`zkd`ôg eml dbapbgmgtm mstrktài`db y ml emskrrbllb em ugk nktkllk ame`mvkl, s`mgeb sust`tu`eb pbr ugk dumst`bgknlm kg`akd`ôg e`i`tkl em sbanrks vmrems vmrems mg lk pkgtkllk. Mg ÿlt`ab luikr, ms gmdmskr`b smûklkr pbr su mspmd`kl rmlmvkgd`k ugk msdmgk mg dbgdrmtb em ^mtbr gb eml ^my. Tm trktk lk tmrdmrk mgtrmik? Ml ^mtbrgb em ugk smdumgd`k auy e`sdut`nlm tkgtb mg sus abt`vkd`bgms dbab mg lks `apl`dkd`bgms mg dukgtb duk gtb k lk `emblbiák qum trkgsa`tm ml h`la. Eurkgtm ml pkrlkamgtb mg lk Vumrtk Gmirk dbg Nbdk em Tkurbg, Ublj`mg msdr`nm? «Krkibrg gb rmspbge`ô, pmrb dlkvô mg ml btrb lk a`rkek, y lk sbstuvb, y ksá ludckrbg ug abamgtb, bob dbgtrk bob: pmrb prbgtb, s`g qum Krkibrg sm cun`mrk abv`eb, g` llmvkrk lk akgb k lk mspkek, ml btrb rmtrbdme`ô kdbnkrekeb, dbab nkob lk kamgkzk em ug iblpm. ―¡Tby ug cmrkleb y ug mankokebr, y gke`m pumem ktkdkram! ―ir`tô. ―Ebgem akgekg msks lmyms ―e`ob Ikgeklh―, tkan`àg ms dbstuanrm qum lbs mankokebrms
smkg amgbs `gsblmgtms. Gke`m tm ck kamgkzkeb (Ublj`mg, ;038? 044).º Vbr ml dbgtrkr`b, mg lk pmládulk, Krkibrg s`g ame`kr pklknrk emsmghugek Kgeÿr`l y lm dbrtk lk dknmzk kl ma`skr`b. [u`zë mrk e`hád`l em plksakr msk puigk em vblugtkems mg lk qum ml rmy Mlmsskr sklm v`dtbr`bsb pmrb prmsmgtkrlb dbab ug ksms`gb, k skgirm hrák y mg pÿnl`db, em ug amgskomrb nkob nkgemrk em pkz, prbnknlmamgtm gb mrk lk amobr bpd`ôg. Vbs`nlmamgtm lk oust`h`dkd`ôg oust`h `dkd`ôg em e`dcb kdtb sm nksm mg lks tmbráks em T`iauge Hrmue, qu`mg dbgs`emrknk ml cmdcb em aktkr kl amgskomrb dbab ug t`pb em emhmgsk pkrk mghrmgtkr lb `gsbpbrtknlm y dbankt`r ml smgt`a`mgtb em `gut`l`eke. Gb bnstkgtm, msm krrkgqum em `rk m `apbtmgd`k smrák smgd`llkamgtm smgd`l lkamgtm `gdbgdmn`nlm mg ml Krkibrg l`tmrkr`b. Vmrb, k pmskr em tbebs mstbs mlmamgtbs, y btrbs audcbs rmlkt`vbs k btrbs mp`sbe`bs y pmrsbgkoms, ckib aáks lks pklknrks em Uba Tc`ppmy? «Kcbrk tmgmabs ebs dka`gbs ckd`k lk U`mrrk Ame`k, ebs dka`gbs mg ml akpk? Ublj`mg a`sab y Ublj`mg `gtmrprmtkeb pbr Okdjsbg.º. Kanks váks sbg e`igks em smr rmdbrr`eks mg su tbtkl`eke ug irkg gÿamrb em vmdms kugqum, mg bdks`bgms, audcbs emsmkrákabs qum lbs smgemrbs gb sm cun`msmg klmokeb tkgtb.
N`nl`birkhák
Okdjsbg, Vmtmr, mt kl. (>66>)? Vkreb, K. y M. Tmiurk (mes.) Ucm Lbre bh tcm ^`gis? Ucm (>6;>)? Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs? tcm ^`gi . Gmw L`gm Eml l`nrb k lk pkgtkllk, X`tbr`k? Kgermw, Kge rmw, E. (;035)? (;035)? Dbgdmpts hmllbwsc`p bh tcm Vbrtkl Me`t`bgs. `g H`la Ucmbry. Gmw Pbrj? Cbam Mgtmrtk`gamgt. Bxhbre ]g`vmrs`ty Vrmss. RR RR RR (>664 (>664)? )? Ucm Lbre bh Tëgdcmz Gbr`mik, O. L. ^`g is? Ucm Uwb Ubwmrs. Ubwmrs. Gmw (>666)? Em lk l`tmrkturk kl Hrmue, T. (>6;4)? tcm ^`gis? d`gm. Umbrák y kgël`s`s em lk Nbllkt` L`gm Cbam Mgtmrtk`gamgt. Amtkps`dblbi`k Amtkps`d blbi`k. kekptkd`ôg kekptk d`ôg. Nkrdmlbgk? Vk`eôs. Nbr`gic`mr`. RRRRRR (>665)? Ucm Lbre Tc`ppmy, U. (>66>)? Ml Iurpmiu`, O.K. (>66;)? bh tcm ^`gis? Ucm ^mturg bh «Ml krtm em lk kekptkd`ôg tcm J`gi. Gmw L`gm Cbam dka`gb k lk U`mrrk Ame`k, trke. M. Tmiurk, Nkrdmlbgk? d`gmaktbirëh`dk? Emke Akg Mgtmrtk`gamgt. A`gbtkurb. Yklj`giº mg Vkokrms, M. mt kl. (mes.)? Urkgsvksms Dulturklms? Aágiumz Krrkgz, K rrkgz, G. (;003) (;003)?? L`tmrkturk, D`gm D` gm y Urkeudd`ôg 4. Lk gbvmlk mg ml d`gm. Kgël`s`s Kgël` s`s Ublj`mg, O.^.^. (;038)? Ml Iu`puzdbk? Tmrv`d`b Me`tbr`kl dbapkrkt`vb em ebs e`sdursbs Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs. Nkrdmlbgk? em lk ]g`vmrs`eke eml Vk`s Xksdb? gkrrkt`vbs. Xklmgd`k? Me`d`bgms Dárdulb em Lmdtbrms. >60->;9 Lk A`rkek. ; Mx`stm ugk ug k pmládulk kgtmr`br, k gtmr`br, lk em ^klpc Nkjsc` em ;099. > Ml mlmamgtb aës `apbrtkgtm k tmgmr mg dumgtk kl dbapkrkr u gk kekptkd`ôg dbg lk gbvmlk br`i`gkl ms qum sm trktk em e `hmrmgtms ame`bs. Ukgtb lks gbvmlks gbvmlks dbab ml d`gm t`mgmg ugk dbsk mg dbaÿg? lk dkpkd`eke em gkr rkd`ôg. Kanbs emsdr`nmg emsdr `nmg ugk gkrrkt`vk gkrrkt `vk mg lk qum sm emskrrbllkg tmapbrklamgtm ugk smr`m em mvmgtbs, dbgmdtkebs mgtrm sá, mg lbs qum ug dbgougtb em pmrsbgkoms kpkrmdmg m `ghlumgd`k g y sm emokg `ghlumgd`k r pbr ml dursb em lbs kdbgtmd`a`mgtbs, pmrb lk irkg e `hmrmgd`k mgtrm gbvmlk gbvmlk y h`la ms qum t`mgmg lmgiukoms lmgiukoms e`hmrmgtms, lk gbvmlk ms l`giüást`dk , dbgdmptukl y e`sdu rs`vk, a`mgtrks qum lk pmládulk ms pr`ak r`kamgtm v`sukl y pmrdmptukl. 4 cttp?//amanmrs.tr`pbe.dba/pmtmrRokdjsbgRbgl`gm/lbtr/krt`dlms/>6Rqumst`bgs.cta
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Lk (pmr)vmrs` (pmr) vmrs`ôg ôg d`gmaktbi d`gm aktbiëh`d ëh`dkk em Krkibrg Krk ibrg Kgk Akrá A krákk Akr `ûb Kr`ks Kr `ks «Xmr yôrêº
Dba`s`ôg em Lmgiuks Drôg`dk em lk Bamgt`mlvk Btsmk Cml`bs Cml`bs Em ^bskr`b ^bskr `b Akrtágmz «@arkc`lº
M
stm pkskeb vmrkgb sm dmlmnrô lk Bamgt`mlvk Btsmk, b trkeud`eb eml qumgyk, «Gumstrb Tàpt`ab Mgdumgtrbº. Dbg mstm gbanrm gbs rmhmr`abs k lk dbghmrmgd`k `gtmrgkd`bgkl sbnrm lks lmgiuks `gvmgtkeks pbr O.^.^. Ublj`mg, qum emsem >66= sm dmlmnrk dkek ebs kûbs mg e`st`gtbs e `st`gtbs luikrms eml augeb. Pb yk cknák ks`st`eb k lk tmrdmrk me`d`ôg (Bamgt`mlvk Gmlyk) qum sm dmlmnrô d mlmnrô mg >660, y ebs kûbs emspuàs tuvm ml cbgbr em brikg`zkr lk Bamgt`mlvk Dkgtmk mg Xklmgd`k, dbab kliugbs kliu gbs lmdtbrms em Mstml pberëg rmdbrekr. Emsem mgtbgdms gb cknák vumltb k pkrt`d`pkr mg mllk, pmrb mstk mrk ugk bdks`ôg mspmd`kl qum amrmdák ml rmirmsb. Emsem sus `g`d`bs lk Bamgt`mlvk ck `eb dult`vkgeb, dbg du`ekeb y msamrb, ugk
sma`llk auy `apbrtkgtm qum ck ekeb ug akrkv`llbsb hrutb mg lk me`d`ôg em mstm kûb? lk rmug`ôg em ebs pkrtms em lk l`giüást`dk tblj`mg`kgk qum ckstk ckdm pbdb sm mgdbgtrknkg e`stkgd`keks. Ml dkapb em lks lmgiuks `gvmgtkeks pbr Ublj`mg t`mgm lk pkrt`dulkr`eke em smr ugb mg ml qum kÿg sm s`iumg emsdunr`mgeb dbsks gumvks, smiÿg vkg s`mgeb me`tkeks pbr ug irupb em mstue`bsbs qum dumgtk dbg lk kutbr`zkd`ôg eml Ublj`mg Mstktm pkrk msdrutkr y punl`dkr akgusdr`tbs `gàe`tbs em tmaët`dk l`giüást`dk. Vmrb eurkgtm audcbs kûbs, pbr e`vmrsks d`rdugstkgd`ks, drmd`ô ugk `gdôabek nkrrmrk qum hum smpkrkgeb lk kdt`v`eke `gvmst`ikebrk em mstm irupb em lk em btrbs mgtus`kstks dbg `g`d`kt`vks em dbrtm aës krtást`db y rmdrmkt`vb, dbab lk dbapbs`d`ôg em pbmaks, «trkeudd`bgmsº eml àlh`db, mtd. Bamgt`mlvk gkd`ô em lk akgb em N`ll Ymlemg y «Nmrmibgeº Kgemrs Ttmgstrøa, ebs h`iurks h`iu rks prba`gmgtms mg lk `gvmst`ikd`ôg tblj`mg`kgk mg imgmrkl, y mg ml dkapb l`giüást`db mg pkrt`dulkr. pkrt`du lkr. [u`sb smr ug mspkd`b em rmug`ôg pbl`vklmgtm, dbg prmsmgtkd`bgms aki`strklms, sms`bgms em emnktm, tkllmrms drmkt`vbs, y sbnrm tbeb dkakrkemrák plmgk, y kl a`sab t`mapb humgtm em dbgtmg`ebs Vc`lblbi y, ugk rmv`stk pkrk Krek Vc`lblbiy em `gvmst`ikd`ôg mspmd`kl`zkek mg l`giüást`dk.
Hbtb em ir upb em lbs lb s ks`stmgtm ks` stmgtmss k Bamgt`mlvk Bam gt`mlvk Btsmk B tsmk
Vmgskek pkrk tbebs kh`d`bgkebs, dbg prmd`bs `gsdr`pd`ôg smamokgtms k em gumstrks Mstmldbgms, 4;
lbs em lbs lk
Bamgt`mlvk bdks`bgklamgtm ck dbgtkeb tkan`àg dbg kliugbs em lbs a`manrbs eml «mqu`pb me`tbrº, dbab ml prbp`b N`ll Ymlemg, Kremg Ta`tc b Dcr`stbpcmr I`lsbg, gbanrms qum lbs kh`d`bgkebs kl tmak prbnknlmamgtm dbgbdmrëg. Vmrb mg lk me`d`ôg em >6;= sm hum aës kllë, dbgs`iu`mgeb dbgvmgdmr k I`lsbg em qum brikg`zksm àl a`sab lk Bamgt`mlvk Btsmk, qum tuvb luikr eml ;6 kl ;4 em kibstb em >6;9 mg lk ]g`vmrs`eke Mstktkl em Dkl`hbrg`k, mg ml dkapus em Ckywkre, y mg lk qum sm e`b lk n`mgvmg`ek k lbs trms amgd`bgkebs a`manrbs eml mqu`pb me`tbr aës Dkrl H. Cbstmttmr, y k btrbs qu`gdm mgtus`kstks.
mg lk Hás`dk em h`gklms eml s`ilb S@S y dba`mgzbs eml SS, ksá dbab dmgtrb gmurëli`db eml abv`a`mgtb pbr lk l`nrm mxprms`ôg mg Mstkebs ]g`ebs mg lk eàdkek em ;086. Dmgtrëgebgbs yk mg lbs dbgtmg`ebs em lk Bamgt`mlvk Btsmk, eurkgtm lbs duktrb eáks em dbghmrmgd`k dbghmrmgd`k tuv`abs tuv` abs kdt`v`ekems em lb aës vkr`keks (emgtrb em lk vkr`meke qum sm pumem mspmrkr mg ugk dbgvmgd`ôg em ug tmak tkg mspmdáh`db). Mv`emgtmamgtm
dôab sm dbamgzkrbg k punl`dkr em hbrak smr`kek lbs akgusdr`tbs l`giüást`dbs em Ublj`mg. Dbg su c`stbr`k, y k trkvàs em momaplbs prëdt`dbs, dbapkrt`abs lk v`vmgd`k em gkvmikr k trkvàs em lks e`hád`lms, k vmdms dks` `gemsd`hrknlms, pëi`gks eml «làx`db igôa`dbº dbg ml qum dbamgzô mstk kvmgturk. Btrk em lks prmsmgtkd`bgms aës llkakt`vks hum lk sms`ôg em «àlh`db prëdt`dbº qum knr`ô lks kdt`v`ekems eml oumvms pbr lk tkrem. Mstk ms ugk kdt`v`eke qum `gvmgtô N`ll Ymlemg pkrk lk pr`amrk Bamgt`mlvk, dbg ml prbpôs`tb em pbgmr k lbs ks`stmgtms rmug`ebs, supumstkamgtm mxpmrtbs mg lmgiuks àlh`dks, mg ml nrmtm em `aprbv`skr hrksms (dbg kyuek bdks`bgkl em l`stks em pklknrks mg akgb), k vmr ckstk eôgem sm pumem llmikr. Ml hbraktb ck `eb vkr`kgeb em kûb mg kûb ckd`àgeblk ugk kdt`v`eke dkek vmz aës `gimg`bsk, dbg trkeudd`bgms `aprbv`skeks, oumibs em prmiugtks y rmspumstks, mtd. Vmrb mg mstk bdks`ôg ^bakg ^kusdc tbaô lk nktutk sbrprmge`àgebgbs k tbebs dbg lk trkeudd`ôg kl qumgyk y s`gekr`g (aës trkgsdr`pd`ôg mg tmgiwkr , d`rtc y skrkt`) em ug pkr em dôa`ds em Kstàr`x qum prmpkrô m `gdlusb `apr`a`ô dbg ug dblmik. Ubebs lbs ks`stmgtms, e`vmrt`ebs y nbqu`kn`mrtbs k lk vmz, gbs mghrmgtkabs kl rmtb em lmmr m `gtmrprmtkr lbs tmxtbs em lks v`ûmtks (bgbaktbpmyks `gdlu`eks) qum ^bakg gbs hum abstrkgeb smdumgd`klamgtm. smdumgd`klamgtm.
Mgtrm mllbs mstknkg kliugbs `gdbge`d`bgklms qum v`mgmg pkrt`d`pkgeb emsem lk pr`amrk me`d`ôg (Nmrmibge, su dblmik sumdb Aígs Noørjakg, ml vmtmrkgb em lk Ublj`mg Tbd`mty Oul`kg Oul`k g Nrkeh`mle, y Nmrtrkge Nmrtrk ge Nmllmt pbr tmlmdbghmrmgd`k), imgtm qum gb hkltk k lk d`tk emsem lk me`d`ôg em Xklmgd`k (ml tklmgtbsb pbmtk ^bakg ^kusdc y ml mxpmrtb mg dkl`irkhák O. «Akdcº Yust), y gbanrms aës gumvbs qum mstëg mg lk ^bakg ^bak g ^kusdc ^k usdc abstrkgeb abstrk geb lk pr`amrk pr` amrk pr`amrk lágmk em lk dbaug`eke v`ûmtk em lk c`stbr`k Vkrymstk Kllbrbg l`giüást`dk em cby, dbab H`bgk («Lk vumltk kl dblm em lbs iklbsº). ^mkl mlv`sc.gmt), Okll`gis Okll `gis (em ^mklmlv`sc.gmt Vkul Ttrkdj ( Mlekab.bri Mlekab.br i ) y cunb prmsmgtkd`bgms emstkdkeks Krgb Iburebl (Umdmge`l.dba). pbr pkrtm em lbs a`manrbs eml Kemaës emstkdô lk prmsmgd`k mqu`pb me`tbr, qum gbs rmlktkrbg em ugk irkg h`iurk h `iurk mg ml augeb c`stbr`ks em trknkobs prmv`bs, eml tblj`mg`sab kamr`dkgb prbymdtbs prmsmgtms y huturbs, dbab Ekv`e Nrktakg, qum mg y rmv`s`bgms em lbs tmaks mg su e`lktkek dkrrmrk ck s`eb pkrtm lbs qum mstëg mspmd`kl`zkebs em lk e`rmdt`vk em lk Aytcbpbm`d (Dcr`stbpcmr I`lsbg sbnrm lk Mlekl kanmrbg, Tbd`mty, ck brikg`zkeb me`d`ôg em Vkrak Mleklkanmrbg ^bakg tkan`àg hum ugb em Aytcdbgs, me`tkeb lk rmv`stk Dkrl Cbstmttmr mg rmlkd`ôg dbg lbs prbtkibg`stks eml «Dárdulb Aytclbrm, y dbme`tkeb Ublj`mg `gvmgtkr`bs em lks Mt`ablbiáks Mt`ablbiák s, em pbmtks àlh`dbsº àlh`db sº eml sënkeb pbr Ttue`ms, rmv`stk pkrk lk qum Kremg Ta`tc sbnrm lbs s`stmaks lk gbdcm, dbg ugk `gimg`bsás`ak kguklamgtm e`r`im lk rmv`s`ôg em msdr`turk, msdr`tu rk, y N`ll Ymlemg sbnrm trkeudd`ôg kl qumgyk eml pbmak em punl`dkd`bgms mg mstue`bs l`giüást`dk rmkl y tblj`mg`kgk Oknnmrwbdjy em Lmw`s Dkrrbl. tblj`mg`kgbs. Hum Nrktakg ml mg imgmrkl). Ubeks humrbg auy Lm kdbapkûkrbg H`bgk Okll`gis mgdkrikeb em pkrtm pkrt m em lk «kimgek `gtmrmskgtms, pmrb s` tuv`mrk qum dbg ugbs pbmaks cmrabskamgtm sbd`klº em lk Bamgt`mlvk, msdbimr ugk pkrk ml rmdumreb s`g rmd`tkebs mg s`gekr`g, y ml rusb mg pkrt`dulkr em ugk v`s`tk k euek am qumekrák dbg ml váv`eb Klmxkgemr Klmxk gemr _kprykikmv, _kprykik mv, qum Nmrjmlmy, duyk ug`vmrs`eke hum y mg abamgtbs mabd`bgkeb emsem lk e`stkgd`k (pbr Tjypm) smem em kliugbs kvkgdms dlkvm rmlktb em Dcr`stbpcmr, sbnrm gbs prbpbrd`bgô ugk aumstrk 4>
Dba`s`ôg em Lmgiuks? Drôg`dk em lk Bamgt`mlvk Btsmk Cml`bs Em ^bskr ^ bskr`b `b Akrtág Ak rtágmz mz
em e`st`gtks aàtr`dks mg qumgyk y s`gekr`g, sbnrm lks qum gbs cknák cknlkeb ml eák kgtmr`br mg ugk dckrlk sbnrm aàtr`dk y prbsbe`k àlh`dk.
Ekgeb ug skltb kl prmsmgtm em lk pblàa`dk smr`m ebduamgtkl y ml huturb, tkan`àg tuv`abs «Kaàr`dk Emsmgtmrrkekº. Lks prmsmgtkd`bgms em lbs prbymdtbs `aëimgms mg dumst`ôg mrkg em aës `gtmrmskgtms qum sm ugk p`merk rÿg`dk emsdun`mrtk mstëg llmvkgeb k dknb pbr mg Dkrbl`gk eml Gbrtm mg ;09;, btrbs kh`d`bgkebs y mxpmrtbs. dkl`h`dkek pbr ml imôlbib Tdbtt Krgb Iburebl gbs abstrô su Ybltmr dbab «ug krtmhkdtb sbh`st`dkek wmn pkrk ckdmr v`tkl em lk c`stbr`k kgt`iuk em Kaàr`dk º. Tmiÿg Tmiÿ g dbamgtkr`bs trkgsdr`pd`bgms k tmgiwkr mg Kaàr`dkº. e`st`gtbs `e`baks y abebs: mg ug nlbi, pbr sus «mxtrkûks ^bakg gbs c`zb ug kvkgdm eml lmtrks y lks guamrbsks rugks e`dd`bgkr`b bgl`gm qum mg lbs pugtmkeksº, Ybltmr rmlkd`ôg prôx`abs kûbs pberák pberá k smr ugb em mstk p`merk dbg btrks ektkeks lbs rmdursbs aës pbtmgtms pkrk mgtrm lbs s`ilbs S@@@ y SX@, lbs `gtmrmskebs mg lks lmgiuks kugqum su trkeudd`ôg mrk ug mg`iak, kl gb mgdkokr ml s`stmak em msdr`turk dbg lk trke`d`ôg rÿg`dk aës kgt`iuk em Msdkge`gkv`k.
Cunb btrks dckrlks aki`strklms em e`vmrsbs tmaks, kliugbs kapl`kgeb dumst`bgms duybs kutbrms yk trktkrbg mg prmv`ks Bamgt`mlvkr, dbg ektbs em lks punl`dkd`bgms aës rmd`mgtms (Nmrmibge sbnrm sbg`ebs y smdumgd`ks hbgàt`dks mg lks rkádms àlh`dks, ^bakg sbnrm hka`l`ks smaëgt`dks mg ml vbdknulkr`b àlh`db, y A`r`ka Akynure sbnrm kspmdtbs h`lbsôh`dbs y aást`dbs). aást `dbs). Cunb Cunb kemaës prmsmgtkd`bgms em tmaks s`giulkrms dbab lbs rksibs dbaugms mgtrm ml qumgyk y lks lmgiuks dlës`dks dbab ml lktág y ml ir`mib (pbr Nmrtrkge Nmllmt, k trkvàs em Tjypm), b lk dur`bsk c`stbr`k em cwmstk s`gekr`gwk, lk lmtrk aës a`stmr`bsk @akim g em e m lk l k p`merk rÿg`dk rÿg` dk em Dkrbl`gk Dkrb l`gk eml Gbrtm Gbrt m (humgtm? (h umgtm? @A EN). Mg mgtrm tbeks lks tmgiwkr @akimg ml hrkiamgtb em lk emrmdck sm pumemg rmdbgbdmr dlkrkamgtm lks pklknrks (pbr Aígs Noørjakg). Noørjakg). msdr`tks dbg Kgimrtcks Abr`k? «...abugtk`g / ... h`ge tcm / tr w
T`g dks` pbemr dbgtmgmr lk r`sk, Nmrmibge gbs dbgtô dôab ug prbhmsbr qum dbgbdák em lk ]g`vmrs`eke em ]ppsklk lm dbgsultô sbnrm lk p`merk, mg duyks `aëimgms aës emtkllkeks pueb rmdbgbdmr (y lbs ks`stmgtms k lk Bamgt`mlvk tkan`àg) ugk `gsdr`pd`ôg dbg Zsupumstka Zsupum stkamgtm mgtm “trum “tru m wky‑Qº, wk y‑Qº, y ml dba`mgzb dba` mgzb em lk h`rak h`r ak mg lmtrks aës lks d`rtc `gvmgtkeks irkgems? irkg ems? «J cl v`...º. Ukan`àg cunb pbr Ublj`mg, dbg mspkd`b pkrk ug pkr ug aást`db amgskom em emnktms. Ekv`e Nrktakg gbs àlh`dks: y H`bgk gbs prmsmgtô h`rakeb pbr ug tkl Dlbv`s `gv`tô k rmhlmx`bgkr sbnrm dôab su rmd`àg punl`dkeb l`nrb pkrk (prbnknlmamgtm ug c`pp`m... lk smgskd`ôg em hka`l`kr`eke hka`l`kr `eke dbg kprmgemr s`gekr`g (b «gmb- ²eml s`ilb S@@@2). lbs cbnn`ts, lk Dbakrdk y su s`gekr`gº, dbab r`iurbskamgtm mgtbrgb vkrák `gdlusb emgtrb eml smûklk mllk a`sak pkrk kdlkrkr Mg dbgougtb, drmb qum a`sab `e`bak, dbg ml t`mapb y qum ms ugk rmdbgstrudd`ôg aës mstk rmug`ôg smrë rmdbrekek lk dulturk dultu rk (emstkd (emstkdknlm knlm lk amgd`ôg kllë em lb e`spbg`nlm mg lbs dbab ugk bdks`ôg mspmd`kl kl gbanrm em Ucm Tc`rm, qum tmxtbs br`i`gklms em Ublj`mg). mg lk c`stbr`k em lk l`giüást`dk pkrk lbs lmdtbrms kamr`dkgbs tblj`mg`kgk mg imgmrkl, y em Emob pkrk ml h`gkl ml qum cknrák s`eb aës kprbp`keb s` lks Bamgt`mlvkr mg pkrt`dulkr. pbs`nlmamgtm hum ml abamgtb humsm klib dbab Ucm X`llm, smiÿg Vmrsbgklamgtm am s`mgtb aës eml`rkgtm (qu`zë mg pkrtm Ekv`e). P H`bgk Okll`gis, emsem khbrtugkeb em cknmr mstkeb pbr ml kdbapkûka`mgtb eml su pmrspmdt`vk em prbhmsbrk em prmsmgtm mg mllk, y pbr pbemr v`gb qum gbs prbpbrd`bgô ml s`gekr`g mg dursbs bgl`gm, knr`ô dbapkrt`r lk mxpmr`mgd`k mg cmrakgb em Dcr`s I`lsbg). Mg ug `gtmrmskgtm emnktm sbnrm mstks lágmks dbg lbs lmdtbrms em plmgk dmgk hmst`vk, ml sënkeb quà s`ig`h`dk «kprmgemrº lks Mstml, k qu`mgms mspmrb kg`akr pbr lk tkrem Nmrmibge pusb ug lmgiuks `gvmgtkeks pbr Ublj`mg, k kemgtrkrsm mg mstm `gtmrmskgtm prbymdtbr mg akrdck y dbamgzô augeb emgtrb eml augeb aës duëlms sbg lks abt`vkd`bgms y k prmsmgtkr ugks `aëimgms eml irkgem sundrmkeb pbr O.^.^. bnomt`vbs, y dôab dbgeud`rlks dkpátulb «X`j`gibs mg Kaàr`dkº Ublj`mg. kemdukekamgtm. Ū
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Dba`s`ôg em Lmgiuks? Drôg`dk em lk Bamgt`mlvk Btsmk Cml`bs Em ^bskr ^ bskr`b `b Akrtág Ak rtágmz mz
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Dba`s`ôg em Aÿs`dk ]g gumvb cbikr em Nkrebs mg lbs pumrtbs em Mecmllbge
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um ckd`k akyb dukgeb, mg ugb em msbs abamgtbs em muhbr`k qum k vmdms surimg mg lks rmug`bgms em lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk, gkd`ô Mecmllbge E`gEbg. Ml ouibsb gbanrm hum `emk em gumstrb Vrms`emgtm Cml`bs «@arkc`lº, cbanrm smr`b y hbrakl, pmrb qum t`mgm sus «abamgtbsº.
Ukan`àg sm ckllknkg pbr kllá @rmgm «@rmgskikº, Tylv`k «H`anrmtc`lº, Amr`txmll «Klekr`mlº, «K lekr`mlº, Xkgmsk «Mlhwyg I`lwmgº y yb a`sab. ]gks smakgks kgtms cknák cknlkeb dbg lk Vrms`emgtk em lk Dba`s`ôg em Aÿs`dk y nk`lms, @sknml «T`gnmlaygêº, sbnrm lks qumekeks em Nkrebs em kgtkûb ebgem `lustrms a`manrbs em Mecmllbge cknákg kpbrtkeb su aës qum gbtbr`k mxpmr`mgd`k y tklmgtb. Tm kûbrknk mstk dblknbrkd`ôg. Em cmdcb lk kpbrtkd`ôg em Mecmllbge dbg lbs Nkrebs cknák pkskeb k smr amrkamgtm pugtukl, pbr gb emd`r tmst`abg`kl.
Ml pbrquà mstbs aÿs`dbs mxdmlmgtms cknákg emokeb em cbllkr lbs dkudms ckn`tuklms pkrk dkgtkr y hbrakla mgtm mg lk Tbd`meke nk`lkr hbraklamgtm Ublj`mg hbrak pkrtm em msk mtmrgk prmiugtk sbnrm lbs abt`vbs qum t`mgmg pmrsbgks `apl`dkeks m `gdlusb mgtus`kstks qum pbr d`rdugstkgd`ks s`giulkrms pkskg k kus mgtms . dbgvmrt`rsm dbgvmrt`rsm mg ka`ibs kusmgtms Mg tbeb dksb nr`gekabs pbr mllbs mg dkek dmgk em iklk. P cknlkgeb, cknlk geb, cknlkgeb, cknlk geb, dks` s`g ekram dumgtk, am v` mgrmekeb mg lk drmkd`ôg eml gumvb cbikr em Nkrebs mg Mecmllbge. Gb sblb msb. Mrk ml Emlmikeb em lk zbgk em Lmvkgtm em lk Dba`s`ôg em Aÿs`dk y Nk`lms (lk DAN sm brikg`zk pbr zbgks pkrk pbemr dbbre`gkr k lbs e`st`gtbs a`manrbs rmpkrt`ebs rmpkrt `ebs pbr tbek lk imbirkhák mspkûblk) ms pkûblk) Dbg ml pksb em lbs kûbs y lk `gdbrpbrkd`ôg em gumvbs sbd`bs (yk ka`ibs) ck ckn`eb qum ckdmr ug mshumrzb pbr mxpl`dkr y ckdmr mgtmgemr ml smgt`eb gb sblb em lbs
Cbikrms em Nkrebs s`gb em lk prbp`k DAN. Mstb ck imgmrkeb e`h`dultkems y, pbr quà gb emd`rlb, eueks. Lb dukl duk l ms auy mgtmge`nlm. Gb blv`emabs blv`emabs qum, kl h`g y kl dknb, tmgemabs k ckdmr aÿs`dk em hbrak lÿe`dk dbg ml ÿg`db prbpôs`tb em pkskr numgbs abamgtbs dbg gumstrbs ka`ibs. Irkd`ks k mstm emsmb cmabs kequ`r`eb lk dbstuanrm em «dkg`nkl`zkrº dkgd`bgms aës b amgbs pbpulkrms kekptëgeblks kl augeb em Ublj`mg. Lbs dkgd`bgmrbs qum kguklamgtm sm rmpkrtmg mg dkek Mstmldbg cknlkg pbr sá sblks. Mstm mgtus`ksab, mstk `aprbv`skd`ôg, gb sbg hëd`lms em mgdkokr mg ugk mstrudturk briëg`dk hbrakek pbr dmgsbs, mgdumstks y rmug`bgms. Tm sumlm imgmrkr ug dbghl`dtb mgtrm lks ikgks em pksërsmlb n`mg y lks rmt`dmgd`ks em brikg`zkr rkd`bgklamgtm (nurbdrët`dkamgtm, e`rákg kliugbs) ml rmsultkeb em mstm mshumrzb. Lk dlkvm em mllb, mgt`mgeb, emnm smr ug mqu`l`nr`b auy sut`l qum gbs kyuem k `gtmrprmtkr dkgd`bgms y nk`lms y dbgs`emrkrlb emgtrb em ug prbymdtb , s`g pmremr lk klmirák eml abamgtb. Vbrqum s`g klmirák g` `lus`ôg mstk dba`s`ôg dkrmdmrák em bnomtb. Em cmdcb, lk prbp`k TUM. Du`emabs mstm cbikr em Nkrebs. Ubekvák Ubekvák emnm dbgsbl`ekrsm y drmdmr. Ms, kgtm tbeb, ugk pmrspmdt`vk em huturb. Dbgh`mabs mg lk lknbr em sus a`manrbs y dblknbrkebrms. [umekg audcks dkgd`bgms dk gd`bgms pbr «dbrrbapmrº y audcbs nk`lms pbr momdutkr.
Lu` Ikgs «Lmôg Tmrnklº 45
Dba`s`ôg em Oumibs
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l pkskeb ams em smpt`manrm tuvb luikr mg Ll`gkrs eml Xkllãs (Nkrdmlbgk) ml @@@ Mgdumgtrb em ouikebrms em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs LDI. Mstm mvmgtb sm ck dbgvmrt`eb mg ml aës `apbrtkgtm k g`vml em pkrt`d`pkd`ôg mg gumstrb pkás y rmÿgm ouikebrms em prëdt`dkamgtm tbek lk imbirkhák mspkûblk. Eurkgtm ug h`g em smakgk, ml oumib em dkrtks sm dbgv`mrtm mg ml hbdb dmgtrkl em ugks obrgkeks ebgem lbs càrbms em lk U`mrrk Ame`k llmvkg k dknb pml`irbsks a`s`bgms mg krks em emrrbtkr k lks cumstms em Tkurbg. Mg mstk bdks`ôg, duktrb a`manrbs em lk dba`s`ôg em oumibs pkrt`d`pkabs mg lks obrgkeks, m `gtmgtkrmabs ckdmr ug pmqumûb rmsuamg em lk mxpmr`mgd`k y, qu`àg sknm, qu`zë kuamgtkr lk pkrt`d`pkd`ôg mg prôx`aks me`d`bgms. Ml mvmgtb krrkgdknk ml v`mrgms pbr lk gbdcm. Lk pr`amrk kdt`v`eke mrk tbtklamgtm tbtkl amgtm lÿe`dk. Emsem ÿlt`ak cbrk em lk tkrem (ckstk qum ml dumrpb kiukgtksm)
ml bnomt`vb mrk ouikr pkrt`eks pkrt `eks ugk emtrës em btrk. Lbs pkrt`d`pkgtms pkrt `d`pkgtms kprbvmdckrbg pkrk ouikr dbg ouikebrms qum gb mrkg em su mgtbrgb ckn`tukl b, mg kliugbs dksbs, prbnkr lks kvmgturks mg abeb ault`ouikebr. Kl pbemrsm ouikr mstm oumib mg abeb `ge`v`eukl cknák audck imgtm mg Ll`gkrs qum mstknk pbdb kdbstuanrkek k e`shrutkr eml oumib mg dbapkûák, knr`mgeb em mstk hbrak ml oumib k ugk mxpmr`mgd`k tbtklamgtm gumvk. Mg a` dksb cm em emd`r qum cm ouikeb aës kvmgturks mg sbl`tkr`b qum dbapkrt`mgeb ml oumib dbg btrbs ouikebrms. Ml mvmgtb aës `apbrtkgtm em lks obrgkeks mrk ml tbrgmb `ge`v`eukl qum sm llmvknk k dknb eurkgtm tbeb ml sënkeb. Mg tbtkl humrbg d`gdb rbgeks mg lks qum lbs 46 pkrt`d`pkgtms sm mghrmgtkrbg mg irupbs em trms ouikebrms k vkr`ks em lks kvmgturks aës dbapl`dkeks. Ml t`mapb em dkek pkrt`ek mrk em cbrk y ame`k, y dkek irupb pbeák `gtmgtkr supmrkr lk kvmgturk lks vmdms qum qu`s`mrk mg ml t`mapb mstknlmd`eb. H`gklamgtm cunb vkr`bs pkrt`d`pkgtms qum dbgs`iu`mrbg kdknkr ml tbrgmb dbg d`gdb v`dtbr`ks, s`mgeb emtmra`gkgtm lk pugtukd`ôg rmd`n`ek pbr sus dbapkûmrbs mg lks pkrt`eks qum cknákg ouikeb, ebgem sm vklbrknk lk br`i`gkl`eke, mh`dkd`k y tmaët`dk eml akzb. Eurkgtm lk gbdcm eml sënkeb cunb ug irupb irup b em ouikebrms qum prmsmgtkrbg k lk dbaug`eke ug
prbymdtb auy `gtmrmskgtm qum ckg nkut`zkeb dbab Umrdmrk Meke. Kugqum ÿg`dkamgtm pue`mrbg abstrkr kliugbs emtkllms em lk pr`amrk vmrs`ôg eml oumib, mstkrà kl tkgtb pkrk `ghbrakr mg ml irupb em lk Dba`s`ôg em Oumibs. Ml ÿlt`ab kdtb em lks obrgkeks hum ug tbrgmb pbr pkrmoks qum sm rmkl`zô ml eba`gib pbr lk akûkgk. Mg mstm tbrgmb dbgstô ÿg`dkamgtm em trms rbgeks y tmra`gô dbg duktrb pkrmoks mapktkeks mapktkeks k 4 v`dtbr`ks. Emspuàs em lk dba`ek eml eba`gib sm e`b pbr dmrrkeb ml mvmgtb y k lbs pkrt`d`pkgtms gbs llmiô lk cbrk em ckdmr lks aklmtks aklmt ks y tbakr ml dka`gb k dksk d ksk emspuàs em ug h`g em smakgk llmgb em kvmgturks mg lk U`mrrk Ame`k, a`mgtrks plkgmënkabs duëgeb smrák ml abamgtb em vblvmr pkrk lks prôx`aks me`d`bgms. Vbr d`mrtb, qu`s`mrk amgd`bgkr qum mstbs mgdumgtrbs mg Ll`gkrs db`gd`emg dbg ml dkapmbgktb em Mspkûk eml kgt`iub oumib em dkrtks Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs, lk U`mrrk Ame`k (TKUA). ]g oumib qum smiurkamgtm lbs aës kgt`iubs ouibgms em lk U`mrrk Ame`k rmdbrekrà`s. Ksá, pbemabs emd`r qum ml augeb em lbs oumibs em dkrtks mg Mspkûk v`vm lk U`mrrk Ame`k kl dukerkeb eurkgtm ugbs pbdbs eáks. Vbr Iu`llma «Nbrba`rº
Nmrgkt 4=
Dba`s`ôg em Kdbi`ek
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gkuiurkabs smdd`ôg mg lk rmv`stk Mstml pkrk prmsmgtkr lk `emk pbr lk qum surim mstk Dba`s`ôg y lbs prbymdtbs qum tmgmabs mg amgtm pkrk ml huturb hutu rb aës `game`ktb, mg mstrmdck dblknbrkd`ôg dbg lk DV y lk vbdklák em gumvbs sbd`bs.
lk dbaug`dkd`ôg mgtrm y dbg lbs sbd`bs aës emsdbgmdtkebs (mg pkrt`dulkr lbs abgtkrkdms, pmrb tkan`àg kliugbs qum vkg qumekgeb emsdblikebs pbr e`vmrsks rkzbgms), lk pbs`nlm rmdupmrkd`ôg em pmrsbgks qum sm emsv`gdulkrbg, k vmdms pbr lbs abt`vbs aës prbsk`dbs, y ckdmr mspmd`kl c`gdkp`à mg lk kdbi`ek em lbs gumvbs sbd`bs, pkrk kyuekrlms mg su `gdbrpbrkd`ôg y hkd`l`tkr su rmlkd`ôg dbg lk ksbd`kd`ôg.
Mg ug abamgtb mg ml qum Llmvkabs pbdb t`mapb pmrb prëdt`dkamgtm ug tmrd`b em lbs tmgmabs vkr`bs prbymdtbs mg a`manrbs qum hbrakg pkrtm akrdck. Ckstk ml abamgtb, ugk em lk TUM sbg abgtkrkdms (gb em lks kdt`v`ekems qum cmabs mstëg kesdr`tbs k g`giÿg sa`kl rmkl`zkeb ms lk a`irkd`ôg eml dbg ugk lbdkl`zkd`ôg imbirëh`dk irupb eml sa`kl abgtkrkz em emh`g`ek) y pmgskgeb mg bhrmdmr Pkcbb k ugb em Ibbilm, Ibbilm , klib qum lk amobr ktmgd`ôg pbs`nlm k yk ck ekeb sus hrutbs h rutbs kl hbamgtkr lbs gumvbs `gtmirkgtms qum sm ugk amobr dbaug`dkd`ôg, lb kpugtkg k gumstrk Tbd`meke, qum, mspmrkabs, hkd`l`tkrë lk pmgskabs mg drmkr ug irupb em `gtmirkd`ôg em ug sa`kl auy trknkob qum `gtmgtksm ktmgemr e`spmrsb y trke`d`bgklamgtm em akgmrk mspmd`kl k mstk gumvk pbdb pkrt`d`pkt`vb. pkrt`d`pkt`vb. rmkl`eke. Mg rmlkd`ôg dbg mstb, tkan`àg ]gb em lbs bnomt`vbs em sm ck drmkeb ug akpk dbg lk lk Dba`s`ôg ms lk amobrk em e`str`nud`ôg pbr prbv`gd`ks em
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lbs sbd`bs abgtkrkdms, dbab ug ame`b em hbamgtkr ml dbgtkdtb mgtrm mllbs kl dbgstktkr lk dmrdkgák mgtrm ugbs y btrbs. Btrb em lbs trknkobs qum mstkabs prmpkrkgeb, y qum sm plksakrë mg nrmvm, sbg lks kdt`v`ekems pkrk lk `gtmirkd`ôg em lbs gumvbs sbd`bs qum ks`stmg k lk Mstmldbg em >6;9, pkrk lbs qum mstkabs «trkakgebº kliugks sbrprmsks. Ksá a`sab, mg dblknbrkd`ôg dbg lk Xbdklák em Gumvbs Tbd`bs mstkabs rm-mlknbrkgeb ml rmd`n`a`mgtb qum sm lm ek kl sbd`b kl llmikr k lk TUM, qum mspmrkabs tmgmr l`stb pkrk pr`gd`p`bs em kûb. P sblb gbs hkltk `gv`tkrbs `gv`tk rbs k mgv`krgbs duklqu`mr `emk b suimrmgd`k pkrk qum pbekabs amobrkr vumstrk mxpmr`mgd`k dbab a`manrbs em lk TUM kl dbrrmb? kdbi`ekF sbd`meketblj`mg.bri Gkakr`ê.
Dba`s`ôg em Cuakg`ekems Lk trke`d`ôg iklmsk dbab humgtm em `gsp`rkd`ôg pkrk Ublj`mg n`nl`btmdk eml Omsus Dbllmim mg Bxhbre, llkakeb L`nrb ^bob em Cmrimst. Kanbs rmd`nmg msm gbanrm eml dblbr eml dumrb em sus tkpks y kanbs sbg ugk rmdbp`lkd`ôg tkgtb em lk c`stbr`k dbab em lk trke`d`ôg em su abamgtb. Ml d`tkeb L`nrb ^bob em Cmrimst Cmrims t dbgt`mgm Akn`gb i`bg, qu`zës lk ml Akn`gbi`bg rmdbp`lkd`ôg rmdbp`lkd`ôg aës `apbrtkgtm em C`stbr `k em lbs prbsk iklmsk, lk C`stbr`k ^myms ^m yms em Nr`tkg`k Nr`t kg`k em Ibebhrmeb em Abgabutc, tr`keks iklmsks y ugk rmdbp`lkd`ôg em pbmaks y dumgtbs trke`d`bgklms mgtrm btrks dbsks. Lk `gtmgd`ôg emtrës em mstk rmdbp`lkd`ôg sm `gtuym auy pkrmd`ek k lk qum tuv`mrbg N`lnb, Hrbeb y lbs emaës dukgeb mapmzkrbg lk rmdbp`lkd`ôg em baÿgamgtm sm ck pkrtm eml sknmr em lk U`mrrk rmlkd`bgkeb k Ublj`mg y su Ame`k mg ml L`nrb ^bob em lks bnrk dbg lks irkgems skiks Hrbgtmrks eml e ml Bmstm. gôre`dks. Tm ck emabstrkeb qum tkgtb ml gbanrm em Ikgeklh Akn`gb i`bg sm Emgtrb eml Akn`gbi`bg dbab ml em lbs mgkgbs em Ml Cbnn`t tuv`mrbg dbab mgdumgtrk ug pbmak qum lk rmhmrmgd`k lk Meek Akybr y qum trke`d`ôg ktr`nuym kl aát`db rkzks em lk U`mrrk Ame`k dbab Ukl`ms`g, llkakeb Lk Nktkllk lbs mlhbs b lbs mgkgbs mstëg em lbs Ërnblms b Dke Ibeemu dlkrkamgtm `gsp`rkeks mg lk ebgem irkd`ks k ug cmdc`zb, a`tblbiák gôre`dk y imrakgk. Iwyembg emsp`mrtk k lbs ërnblms T`g mankrib Ublj`mg, ekek su eml nbsqum qum sm lkgzkg k lk dbge`d`ôg em prbhmsbr em lmgiuk nktkllk pkrk emhmgemr su t`mrrk y l`tmrkturk `gilmsk, dbgbdák y ludckr dbgtrk ml moàrd`tb eml btrbs dumrpbs a`tblôi`dbs dbab “Btrb augeb‑. [u`zës k lbs ml iklàs, qum lm s`rv`mrbg pkrk mgts gb lbs emspmrtkrkg ug `gsp`rkr abamgtbs dbgdrmtbs em cmdc`zb, kugqum lk kpkr`d`ôg em V`pp`g y Amrry mg Hkgibrg su bnrk. mg msm prmd`sb abamgtb pberák Auy pkrmd`eb kl L`nrb cknmr pkrmd`eb dbsk em aki`k. duk geb ugb lmm ^bob em lk Hrbgtmrk eml Bmstm T`g mankrib, dukgeb qum msdr`n`ô N`lnb, mx`stm ug lk emsdr`pd`ôg em lbs ërnblms akgusdr`tb, humgtm pr`abre`kl emspmrtkgeb y lk dbapkrk dbg kcbrk a`sab pkrk dbgbdmr lk akrdck em lbs mgts ckd`k lk l`tmrkturk ame`mvkl iklmsk @smgikre gb pumem mv`tkr vmr lks y un`dkeb kdtuklamgtm mg lk s`a`l`tuems.
D
...Bnsmrvà lbs ërnblms y lks dbsks vmrems qum sm kprmsurknkg... kprmsurknkg... ...Lbs kl`sbs mg lk pr`amrk pr `amrk h`lk `g`d`krbg lk rmhr`mik. Ml skudm y ml hrmsgb s`lvmstrm tkrekrbg mg bremgkrsm…
Mg lk trke`d`ôg iklmsk, cmrmemrk em lbs kgt`iubs nkrebs y eru`eks, lks pklknrks kl `iukl qum mg lk bnrk em Ublj`mg sbg `apbrtkgtms. Vkrk Ikgeklh lks pklknrks t`mgmg pbemr y dbsks numgks y aklks pumemg emsmgdkemgkrsm emsmgdkemgk rsm kl prbgugd`krlks. Vkrk ml prbp`b Ublj`mg lks pklknrks y su s`ig`h`dkeb aës prbhugeb mrkg `apbrtkgtms y kl `iukl qum lbs kutàgt`dbs nkrebs mlmiák du`ekebskamgtm dkek pklknrk, dkek pugtb y dkek dbak mg tbek su bnrk. Cby mg eák, lbs mstue`bsbs em lk trke`d`ôg nëre`dk drmmg qum lbs kutàgt`dbs pbmtks emoknkg nkob sus pbmaks amgskoms y smdrmtbs qum sblb dbaprmgemrákg qu`mgms dbgbd`mrkg ml vmrekemrb s`ig`h`dkeb em lks pklknrks. [u`àg sknm, qu`zës pbekabs dbgs`emrkr k Ublj`mg dbab ml ÿlt`ab irkg nkreb em Murbpk.
^mekdtkeb pbr @lakrê — Dba`s`ôg em cuakg`ekems 49
Dba`s`ôg Dba`s`ôg em em Kr K rtmskgák
E
msem lk Dba`s`ôg em Krtmskg Krt mskgák ák em lk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg Mspkûblk, Ukgwê («krtmhkdtb, dbsk drmkekº, mg [umgyk), krrk krrkgdkabs gdkabs ugk ug k gumvk mtkpk emspuàs em ug t`mapb mg ug mstkeb «eura`mgtmº. T`mgeb Ublj`mg ugk pmrsbgk dbg ugks `gdl`gkd`bgms krtást`dks tkg mv`emgtms, mrk em rmd`nb vblvmr k rmkdt`vkr mstk dba`s`ôg, pkrk ksá kpbrtkr y hbamgtkr msm kabr pbr lks dbsks cmdcks dbg gumstrks akgbs. Dbab kdknkabs em «emspmrtkrgbsº, cky audcks dbsks qum kÿg mstëg mg pkûklms, pmrb k irkgems rksibs, dbamgtkrà kliugks em mllks? ]gb em lbs pr`amrbs prbymdtbs, qum em cmdcb cmabs cmrmekeb cmrm ekeb irkd`ks k ^unàg Nkl`g, Nkl `g, ms lk rmdbp`lkd`ôg em e`smûbs em dka`smtks em lks Mstmldbgms ckstk kcbrk rmkl`zkeks. Lk `emk ms rmdupmrkrlks eml blv`eb, iukreëgeblks mg kliÿg rmpbs`tbr`b b luikr ebgem sm pumekg vmr, y s` ms pbs`nlm, ut`l`zkr. Cky imgtm qum eme`dô t`mapb k drmkr msbs e`smûbs 43
y amrmdmg gb pmremrsm mg ml blv`eb.
ugk `akimg cbabiàgmk y sm ut`l`dmg dbrrmdtkamg dbrrmdtkamgtm. tm.
Btrb prbymdtb qum drmmabs smrák em audck ut`l`eke pkrk lk imgtm qum llmik gumvk k mstk gumstrk Tbd`meke Ublj`mg, ms lk drmkd`ôg em a`g`-tutbr`klms nës`dbs qum lms pumekg smrv`r pkrk dbaplmamgtkr b `gdlusb drmkr su vmst`amgtk y kddmsbr`bs, emsem dôab ckdmrsm ugk tÿg`dk nës`dk ckstk ugk t`krk, pbr momaplb.
Vkrk h`gkl`zkr dbg mstk pmqumûk pumstk k pugtb, rmtbakrmabs lk brikg`zkd`ôg em lbs prma`bs G`iilm em krtmskgák em >6;3. Ckrmabs ug rmpksb em lks nksms pbr s` cky kliÿg pugtb qum tmgikabs qum rmtbdkr, y gbs ckrmabs dkrib em lk rmdmpd`ôg em dkge`ekturks y ml prbdmsb em smlmdd`ôg.
Ukan`àg, pkrk dblknbrkr dbg gumstrbs dbapkûmrbs em btrks dba`s`bgms b sa`klms, gbs iustkrák drmkr ug rmpbs`tbr`b em `aëimgms usknlms pkrk e`hus`ôg em gbt`d`ks, rmkl`zkd`ôg em dkrtmlms, mtd., qum duapl`msmg lôi`dkamgtm dbg lk lmy em prbp`meke `gtmlmdtukl, s`mgeb em l`nrm e`str`nud`ôg b emd`e`eks e`rmdtkamgtm pkrk su usb pbr lk ksbd`kd`ôg. Umgmr ug luikr dbaÿg ebgem kdue`r pkrk msbs amgmstmrms pumem kyuekr audcb k lk ki`l`zkd`ôg em drmkd`ôg em dbgtmg`eb. ^mlkd`bgkeb dbg mstb ÿlt`ab, `gtmgtkrmabs ekr dbnmrturk k lks gmdms`ekems qum pumekg suri`r emgtrb em lk TUM, dbab pbr momaplb, gbs ckg pme`eb drmkr ugk akrdk em kiuk prbp`k em lk TUM pkrk dukgeb sm sunkg `akimgms. Gb ms klib mspmd`klamgtm dbapl`dkeb, pmrb sá qum ms gmdmskr`b ug`h`dkr msm t`pb em rmdursbs pkrk qum sm eà
Mstbs prbymdtbs qum prmsmgtkabs sm plkgtmkg k abeb em pugtb em pkrt`ek, pmrb mspmrkabs qum gb sm l`a`tmg k mstbs. Dbab kdknkabs em mapmzkr, vmrmabs pbr eôgem gbs llmvk ml smgemrb... Vbr ÿlt`ab, bs ckdmabs sknmr qum pkrk mstkr kl eák em lks dbsks dbsk s qum vkykabs vkykabs ckd`mgeb, tmgmabs ug irupb mg Hkdmnbbj, ebgem `rmabs dblikgeb kdtukl`zkd`bgms, llkakeb Ukgwê. Ukan`àg tmgmabs ug irupb em Ibbilm Ib bilm ebgem lk imgtm qum qu`mrk dblknbrkr pumem ug`rsm, ksá qum s` drmms qum pumems kpbrtkr em kliugk hbrak, ¡mrms n`mgvmg`eb! V`em kddmsb mg ml irupb qum sm llkak Ukgwê, mg Ibbilm Irbups. P pkrk duklqu`mr dbgsultk, tkan`àg pumems pbgmrtm mg dbgtkdtb dbg gbsbtrbs mg krtmskg`kF sbd`meketblj`mg.bri. ¡Bs mspmrkabs!
Dbgdursb em Kgugd`bs dbrtbs ²Tknms qu`àgms sbg lbs kgugd`kgtms2 Vkrt`d`pk mg gumstrb dbgdursb. Msdr`nm k mstmlFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri dbg ml pmrsbgkom kutbr em dkek kgugd`b dlks`h`dkeb ckstk ml > em Mgmrb em >6;3. Ml sbrtmb sm rmkl`zkrë ml 4 em Mgmrb em >6;3 mgtrm lks pmrsbgks qum kd`mrtmg lk akybr dkgt`eke em mllbs. Ml ikgkebr sm kgugd`krë kgugd `krë mg gumstrb Hkdmnbbj ml a`sab eák 4 em Mgmrb em >6;3. Ml prma`b smrë ml Dklmgekr`b Dklmgek r`b Ublj`mg Ublj`mg >6;3 >6;3 «Nmrmg y Lÿtc`mgº `lustrkeb pbr Klkg Lmm. L mm.
9. Tm N]TDK tmssbrb pmre`eb. A` prmd`bsb pmre`eb. Tud`bs lkerbgms smnbsbs. A```` tmsssssbrb! tmss sssbrb! I.
;. DBAV^B ôlmbs em tbebs lbs vmrems pbs`nlms b `aki`gkebs. G.
5. Tm GMDMT@UKG oôvmgms hbrg`ebs pkrk abgtkom em e`vmrsks dkrpks em duaplmkûbs. Numgk pkik. I.
3. Tm U^KTVKTK mqu`pb em pbgmys y pmrrbs dbab p`gdcms em dbd`gk y ks`stmgtms k s`stmgtms ebaàst`dbs. N.
>. Tm U^KTVKTK tbrrm dbg v`stks. ^bemkek em ërnblms. ]^IM. T.
4. ]rim XMGUK em dudckr`llks em plktk. Auy nkrktks, irkg vkr`meke. L.
=. XMGEB trms mgbrams pmrrbs iukre`kgms, mspmd`klamgtm hmrbdms y mgtrmgkebs pkrk prbtmimr irkgoks. A.
8. Tm N]TDK cmrrmrb mxpmrtb pkrk rmhbrokr mspkek qumnrkek. Auy urimgtm. K.
0. Tm N]TDK pmrr`tb em plbab, nlkgdb y gmirb, qum sm pmre`ô mg lk plkyk. A.U.
;6. N]TDB n`d`dlmtk s`g pmeklms pkrk nkokr dumstks. A.N. 40
Mgtrmv`stk k Obcg Ikrtc ;= EM BDU]N^M EM >6;9, UB^UBTK, UK^^KIBGK
AH? «Aôg`dk H`geúr`mlº OI? Obcg Ikrtc Ikr tc AH? Lb pr`amrb em tbeb, audcás`aks irkd`ks pbr cknmr kdue`eb k lk rmug`ôg em lk TUM. Ms ug u g plkdmr y ug cbgbr tmgmrlb dbg gbsbtrbs. gbsbtrbs . Mspmrb qum mstà e`shrutkgeb em su mstkgd`k. Xkabs k cknlkr sbnrm Ublj`mg y sbnrm su trknkob mg tbrgb k lk v`ek em Ublj`mg. ²Dôab dbamgzô su `gtmràs mg lk v`ek y bnrk em Ublj`mg2
Lk mgtrmv`stk sm rmkl`zô lk akûkgk eml ;= em bdtunrm eurkgtm lk Mstmldbg mg Ubrtbsk, Ukrrkibgk. Ukr rkibgk.
OI? Vums dbamgzô auy prbgtb. Lmá lbs l`nrbs em Gkrg`k em D.T. Lmw`s dukgeb tmgák s`mtm kûbs, y gkturklamgtm emd`eá qum `nk k smiu`r dbg Ublj`mg. A` akerm tmgák smû br em lbs lbs l`nrbs em Ml smûbr kg`llbs y supm qum qumrák v`kokr kcá, pmrb pmgsà «gb ckstk qum tmgik ;3 b klib ksáº. Vmrb ugk tkrem mstknk knurr`eb, lb dbiá em lk mstkgtmrák y lb lmá. Umgák gumvm kûbs. Am llmiô auy auy prbgtb y supbgib qum am ck kyuekeb k smr lk pmrsbgk mg lk qum am cm dbgvmrt`eb.
Lk mgtrmv`stk hum trkgsdr`tk pbr ^mnmdk «Gk`º y Vkulk «Mrmge`sº y AH? Ksá quà ²quà lm llmvô k `gvmst`ikr kquml pmr`beb dbrrmi`ek pbr ml prbp`b mspmdáh`db em lk v`ek em Obcg Ikrtc. Ikrt c. Urkeud`ek Ublj`mg, sus mxpmr`mgd`ks pbr ^mnmdk «Gk`º, mg lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Vkulk «Mrmge`sº, Tbg`k Auge`kl2 ²Duëgeb tbaô hbrak lk `emk eml l`nrb2 «Kltkr`mlº, Nërnkrk «KrHm`g`mlº y Obkg Dkrlms Ms klib dbapl`dkeb. «G`rgkmtcº. ^msuamg OI? Nës`dkamgtm ugk em a`s y mxtrkdtb em ^unàg pks`bgms sbnrm Ublj`mg ms «Nkl`gº. qum s`maprm cm qumr`eb 56
ckdmr e`dd`bgkr`bs em c`stbr `k àlh`db. Dbg Lk c`stbr`k em lk U`mrrk Ame`k am e` dumgtk em qum gb pumems ckdmr ug e`dd`bgkr`b em àlh`db e`rmdtkamgtm e `rmdtkamgtm pbrqum s`maprm mstë dkan`kgeb. Ksá qum a` s`iu`mgtm irkg `emk hum ckdmr ug dktëlbib dbg tbebs lbs tmxtbs qum Ublj`mg msdr`n`ô y tbeb ml àlh`db qum cknák mg mllbs. P dôab mrk ug prbymdtb emaks`keb vkstb gugdk lb tmra`gà. Vmrb tmra`gô ckd`mgeb qum am h`okrk auy emtmg`ekamgtm mg lb qum Ublj`mg mstknk ckd`mgeb y dukgeb lb ckdák. Mg lk prmsmgtkd`ôg em Ml l`nrb em lbs Dumgtbs Dcr`stbpcmr Vmre`ebs, Ublj`mg amgd`bgk lbs dkapbs em mgtrmgka`mgtb a`l`tkr ebgem su pkerm msdr`n`ô d`mrtbs pbmaks. Ksá qum pmgsà, qum s` pbeák p beák emsdunr`r klib aës sbnrm quà c`zb Ublj`mg eurkgtm lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl, mgtbgdms smrák dkpkz em mgtmgemr amobr ml bremg mg qum msdr`n`ô lks dbsks. Emd`eá msdr`n`r ug pmqumûb pmqumûb krtádulb y pbdb emspuàs lbs rmi`strbs pmrsbgklms em lbs bh`d`klms eml moàrd`tb nr`tëg`db em lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl humrbg l`nmrkebs pkrk ml pÿnl`db. Ksá qum mrk ;003 y yb mrk ml pr`amrb mg pbemr vmr lbs em Ublj`mg, lb dukl hum ugk mxpmr`mgd`k akrkv`llbsk. Ukan`àg hum ug prbdmsb lmgtb. Lmá tbeb lb qum puem mgdbgtrkr sbnrm
lks nktkllks mspmdáh`dks mg lks qum àl mstuvb `gvbludrkeb. Lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl pmgmtrô em akgmrk prbhugek mg lk v`ek pr`vkek em tbeks lks hbraks pbs`nlms, ksá qum hum ug v`kom hksd`gkgtm.
a` l`nrb, am e`b ml smgt`eb em dôab sm emskrrbllô lk msdr`turk em Ublj`mg y kl t`mapb smgtá qum rmsdktkr sus vbdms pmre`eks y vblvmrlks k lk v`ek mrk ugk mspmd`m em tr`nutb k mllbs. AH? ²[uà bp`gkg sus hka`l`ks eml aktmr`kl qum ustme usô y em dôab lb trknkoô2
em `gtmgsk drmkt`v`eke qum lm akgtmgákg klmokeb em sus ka`ibs. Ms ug auy numg rmtrktb em ug krt`stk sbl`tkr`b mg dukgtb k su trknkob. AH? Emsem qum ml l`nrb sm punl`dô, ²ck mgdbgtrkeb `ghbrakd`ôg gumvk qum dbgs`emrm qum sm emnmrák kûke`r mg ugk gumvk me`d`ôg2
AH? Ksá, em ug dktëlbib pksô k ug krtádulb sbnrm klib e`hmrmgtm, y lumib kdknô hbrakgeb pkrtm pkr tm em ug l`nrb. OI? Lk hka`l`k hka` l`k em ^bn I`lsbg I`ls bg sm Mgtbgdms, ²quà prbnlmaks dbapbrtô hkgtëst`dkamgtm. mgdbgtrô pkrk `gvmst`ikr lk Ml kûb pkskeb am emokrbg OI? Cm `gvmst`ikeb audcb aës `gd`p`mgtm v`ek eml kutbr2 vmr sus dukemrgbs em mg tbeb t`pb em tmaks. Vkrtm ²Kpkrmd`ô kliugk kgàdebtk nbdmtbs. Umgák msbs em mstk `ghbrakd`ôg sm ck pmdul`kr b `apkdtkgtm mg ml pmqumûbs dukemrgbs em `gdlu`eb mg ug pmqumûb prbdmsb2 nbdmtbs mg kdukrmlk b l`nrb Ublj`mg Mxmtmr Mxm tmr Dbllmim mg t`gtk, dbg pk`skoms y qum dunrm em gumvb kqumllbs dkst`llbs m `ilms`ks, mtd... Um OI? Lks e`h`dult e`h `dultkems kems qum tuvm kûbs em ;0;; k ;0;=, pmrb pmra`tm mgtrkr mg su dknmzk humrbg msmgd`klamgtm lks em dmgtrkebs mspmd`klamgtm y drmb qum ms klib qum mgdbgtrkr dbsks mspmdáh`dks mg ugk pkrtm qum tuvm qum dbapkrt`ô dbg Ublj`mg, em Ublj`mg dbab pmrsbgk. rmdckzkr mg a` l`nrb? su v`ek klib qum lbs pbeák v`gdulkr. v`gdulk r. [um smpkabs, gb msdr`n`ô em mstue`kgtm mg Bxhbre. Tm pumem `gdlusb kprmd`kr g`giÿg e`kr`b eurkgtm lk Xblv`mgeb k mstue`kr msm qum cky ugk p`gturk, mg lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl. pmrábeb am cm h`okeb mg qum am qumek auy dlkrb Dbgsmiuá smiu`r lk p`stk em ml tmaprkgb emskrrbllb em qum I`lsbg mstknk dbg lk hka`l`k em ^bnmrt I`lsbg, su a`tblbiák y drmb qum cm Ublj`mg dukgeb lk p`gtô, btrb em lbs a`manrbs em lk rmsumltb kliugks prmiugtks pumstb qum Ublj`mg p`gtô UDNT, y tmgákg ugk dkok dlkvm. Kcbrk mgt`mgeb k quà pbdb emspuàs su vmrs`ôg eml llmgk em dkrtks msdr`tks sm rmhmrák dukgeb emdák qum a`sab abt`vb. emsem lk ug`vmrs`eke, emsem ml lmgiukom y lk a`tblbiák sm lbs dkapbs em `gstrudd`ôg ckg emskrrbllkeb em hbrak y emsem lks tr`gdcmrks mg ml AH? Mgtbgdms ²Ck kprmge`eb pkrklmlk. hrmgtm. Cknák rmhmrmgd`ks klib gumvb em Ublj`mg Ublj`mg em lk k Ublj`mg, y lb qum ms aës `akimg qum yk tmgák pbr sus Ublj`mg sm `gsp`rô mg `apbrtkgtm, k su dárdulb em n`ôirkhbs y sus trknkobs2 ml pbmak kgilbskoôg ka`stkems, dbg lb qum ugb Nmbwulh y mg btrbs tmxtbs sm pbeák ckdmr ugk numgk OI? Tá. Lb tmgák qum a`rkr pkrk mapmzkr k msdr`n`r a`rk r k trkvàs `emk em lk dlksm em pmrsbgks sbnrm càrbms. Msdr`n`ô em lbs bobs em sus amobrms qum mrkg. Msb hum img`kl. su pbmak sbnrm Mårmge`l ka`ibs y lb sbrprmgemgtm mg smpt`manrm em ;0;5, y hum qum k amgueb mstknk Dbg ml t`mapb, ml Ublj`mg pbdb emspuàs msdr`n`ô su lmobs em mllbs. Dlkrkamgtm Ttktm am pmra`t`ô kddmemr kekptkd`ôg eml Jklmvklk lb kea`rknkg dbab k ug k ebduamgtbs qum sm h`gàs mg lk c`stbr`k em càrbm y lb qumrákg tmgmr iukrekg mg lk N`nl`btmdk Jullmrvb. ^md`mgtmamgtm dbab pkrtm em su dárdulb Nbelm`kgk em Bxhbre. sm rmvmlô qum emgtrb tkgtb dbab humrk pbs`nlm, Cknák kllá dkrtks mgtrm àl em Jullmrvb, Ublj`mg pmrb k amgueb gb lbirknkg y lbs btrbs a`manrbs em cknák uskeb ug lmgiukom qum mstuv`mrk e`spbg`nlm. lk UDNT, y kl tmgmr kddmsb `gvmgtkeb y lks pklknrks em Drmb qum k vmdms ms pbrqum k mllb hum prbhugekamgtm mstknk v`mgeb k Me`tc, pmrb kquml `e`bak pkrmdmg smr dbgabvmebr lmmr sbnrm sbspmdcb qum btrks vmdms dlkrkamgtm dlkrk amgtm qumgyk. Ublj`mg Ublj`mg mrk pbrqum mrk ug cbanrm kqumllks pmrsbgks, amtmrsm mapmzô k dbgstru`r ml auy dmlbsb em su pr`vkd`eke mg su dknmzk, vmr dbab qumgyk y lb `nk kûke`mgeb y lm iustknk tmgmr mspkd`bs dkan`krbg em oôvmgms k k lk c`stbr`k, pmrb gb em sblmeke, pbr lk aumrtm cbanrms keultbs mg ml tmra`gknk em mgdkokr prmakturk em sus pkerms trkgsdursb em lk iumrrk. n`mg. Vkrk aá, ms bnv`b y pbrqum tmgerák pmr`bebs Kqumllb lm e`b dbrkzôg k qum ugk em lks rkzbgms Mgtrmv`stk Mgtrmv `stk k Obcg Ikr tc
5;
pbr lks qum gb tmra`gô lk c`stbr`k em Jullmrvb hum pbrqum sm mgtus`ksaô mg msm abamgtb dbg lk `emk em drmkr ug augeb ebgem kquml lmgiukom qum mstknk `gvmgtkgeb tuv`mrk ug cbikr. AH? Tknmabs qum k Ublj`mg gb lm iustknkg mspmd`klamgtm mspmd`kl amgtm lbs trknkobs em lbs n`ôirkhbs. ²Lm `ghluyô `gh luyô mstk bp`g`ôg em Ublj`mg a`mgtrks a`mgt rks msdr`nák msdr `nák ml l`nrb2 OI? T`maprm T`maprm cm tmg`eb mg dumgtk qum lk imgtm e`rák «gb, gb mstkabs `gtmrmskebs mg ugk n`birkhák n`birkhá k em Ublj`mg Ublj`mg pbrqum àl a`sab lks rmdckzknkº. Vmrb dukgeb bnsmrvb lb qum Ublj`mg qumrák emd`r mg rmkl`eke, pkrk aá mstë dlkrb qum dkan`knk em bp`g`ôg smiÿg ml abamgtb em su v`ek, pbr momaplb, duëgeb msdr`nák dkrtks y k qu`àg sm lks e`r`iák. Cky kliugks pmrsbgks mg lks qum àl pkrmdák dbgh`kr aës qum mg btrks. Dukgeb sm dbgv`rt`ô mg ugk h`iurk 5>
pÿnl`dk sm smgták dkek vmz dbab lks dkrtks em ^.[. aës `gdôabeb. Dukgtb I`lsbg, pbr momaplb2 akybr sm ckdák, aës hkabsb sm vblvák, y ms OI? Cunb abamgtbs dukgeb map`mzks k lmmr dbgabvmebrms em tbeb t`pb kqumllks emdlkrkd`bgms, eml dukgeb `gvmst`iknk pkrk t`pb «lks n`birkháks gb sbg Ublj`mg y lk Iumrrk Iumr rk Iumrrk, lk dlkvm pkrk mgtmgemr ml pmrb audcbs em mllbs gb trknkob em lk l`tmrkturkº. tuvm bdks`ôg em uskrlbs. Mg btrbs abamgtbs e`dm Lmá audcb mg lbs krdc`vbs qum pkrk mxpl`dkr dôab em iumrrk sbnrm btrbs `gvmgtô lk U`mrrk Ame`k, bh`d`klms mg ml nktkllôg em ugk kutbn`birkhák dbaplmtk Ublj`mg, y sbg c`stbr`ks smrák lk ÿg`dk hbrak, «y gb auy emsikrrkebrks. Cky tmgib `gtmgd`ôg em msdr`n`r ugk qum s`maprm tmgib mg lk g`giugkº, kûkeák. Ksá qum amabr`k. Cky ug dksb em a` trknkob ck s`eb, s` lb ugk dkrtk dkrt k em ugbs pkerms em vms ksá, `gtmgtkr `a`tkr lk ebs sblekebs, k lbs duklms kutbn`birkhák em Ublj`mg, sm lms ck e`dcb qum su c`ob kugqum ms klib qum sumgk cknák s`eb ksms`gkeb, y lk tmrr`nlmamgtm krrbikgtm. dkrtk s`aplmamgtm e`dm «²duël em mllbs2º Ksá qum AI? Vbr lb tkgtb, ml sknákg qum ugb em sus kdmrdka`mgtb qum rmkl`zô k c`obs mstknk aumrtb, pmrb su v`ek lb c`zb k trkvàs em lks gb sknákg duël em mllbs… pmrsbgks qum lm dbgbdákg y Vkrk aá hum rmklamgtm tkan`àg dbg ebduamgtbs emsdbrkzbgkebr. sbnrm àl. Lmymgeb ml l`nrb vmabs qum ck prmstkeb irkg ktmgd`ôg k lbs emtkllms Ml abamgtb aës mabt`vb k lkrib plkzb pkrk aá ck y qum c`zb ugk nÿsqumek s`eb rmlmmr lb qum Ublj`mg rmklamgtm amt`dulbsk. msdr`n`ô, mspmd`klamgtm Ml ²Ck mgdbgtrkeb klib qum Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs, rmklamgtm lm mabd`bgkrk, Mgtrmv` stk k Obcg Obc g Ikrtc
y bnsmrvkrlb emsem ugk gumvk kl h`gkl y pmra`tm kl lmdtbr OI? Tá, msb ms d`mrtb y sm vm. P drmb qum ms klib qum pmrspmdt`vk mg lk qum rmhlmx`bgkr sbnrm ml rmstb. smiu`rë bdurr`mgeb. Cunb dbgbzdb pbr lb qum àl pksô. Lbs dkpátulbs qum skdr`h`quà ugk àpbdk mg ml s`ilb SS Lk rmlmdturk eml pkskom em sm ckg dbgvmrt`eb mg mg ml qum lk `emk em mstue`kr mstue `kr lk D`àgkik em lbs Aumrtbs dbghmrmgd`ks y drmb qum kutbrms dbab Dckrlms smrák ug momaplb em mstm kliugk em mllks pumem E`djmgs b Okgm Kustmg mrk dksb, pmrb mg sá tbeb ml tmra`gkr mg btrb l`nrb. dbgs`emrkeb ugk pàre`ek v`kom ps`dblôi`db em Hrbeb, Kcbrk mstby trknkokgeb trknkok geb mg em t`mapb pbrqum mrkg sbnrm tbeb s` lb lmms k lk em ugb qum llkab Ml Mspmob em l`nrbs qum lk imgtm lmák pbr a`sak vmz qum Ublj`mg y Ublj`mg. e`vmrs`ôg. Drmb qum klib lk Irkg Iumrrk… B em pkrmd`eb ck bdurr`eb dbg cmdcb dbg kliugks em lks AH? ²Vberák ekrgbs ug kvkgdm, lk kdt`tue ckd`k lk hkgtksák? amabr`ks y gbvmlks gbvmlks msdr`tks msdr`t ks cknlkrgbs ug pbdb sbnrm su lk imgtm gb sm lk ck tbakeb pbr lbs sblekebs em lk gumvb trknkob2 mg smr`b. Drmb qum klib qum Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl… ck dbgtr`nu`eb mg irkg Cky kliugks s`a`l`tuems OI? Msmgd`klamgtm Msmgd`k lamgtm tbak lk ame`ek k ekr ug irkg pksb `gdrmánlms mg dukgtb k lb Ublj`mg tàdg`dk uskek mg ms bnv`kamgtm Oumib em qum Hrbeb v`b… y pumems mg lk y lk Irkg Iumrrk Iumr rk Urbgbs, qum ck kldkgzkeb vmr lb qum mstë pkskgeb pbr ame`ek mg qum a`rk lb ugk mgbram kue`mgd`k. P su amgtm, dôab su klak qum Ublj`mg msdr`n`ô mg ml kgtms qum msb, Ckrry Ckrr y Vbttmr mstë suhr`mgeb suh r`mgeb.. dbgtmxtb em su v`ek y lbs y emspuàs qu`àg sknm quà mvmgtbs em su t`mapb y lb vmgerë… Vmrb emsem lumib AH? ²Ck mstkeb mg dbgtkdtb usk pkrk `gtmgtkr mxpl`dkr sm mstë kapl`kgeb lk kh`d`ôg dbg lk hka`l`k em Ublj`mg2 su prbdmsb drmkt`vb, y dbg ml d`gm tkan`àg pksk. ²Tknm s` kliugb em sus c`obs c `obs `gtmgtkgeb mgtmgemr ckstk Irkd`ks kl DI@ lks pmládulks lmyô su l`nrb2 quà pugtb su trknkob ms yk pumemg prbeud`r ugk rmhlmx`ôg sbnrm sus hkgtksák y d`mgd`k h`dd`ôg OI? Dcr`stbpcmr Dcr`s tbpcmr Ublj`mg t`mapbs aës qum ugk y lb pumemg ckdmr auy lmyô ebs vmrs`bgms eml drmkd`ôg `aki`gkek qum n`mg. Msb pumem kapl`kr l`nrb. Uuvb qum ekrlm su gb t`mgm rmlkd`ôg dbg lb ml dkapb em mstue`b mg ml kprbnkd`ôg pbrqum Ckrpmr qum mstë pkskgeb. Gb t`mgm huturb. Dbll`gs t`mgm ug kdumreb tkgtb emtkllm n`birëh`db dbg ml Ublj`mg Mstktm, pbr dbab Ublj`mg y lk Irkg AH? Mspmrmabs qum mg ml huturb, ml dukl gb punl`dkg gkek Iumrrk y dunrm ml pmr`beb irkd`ks k `gvmst`ikd`bgms qum gb ck s`eb prmv`kamgtm eml pr`gd`p`b em lk Vr`amrk dbab lk suyk, Ublj`mg smk kprbnkeb pbr ml Ublj`mg Iumrrk Auge`kl, ksá qum aës e`huge`eb e`hu ge`eb y mstue`keb. Mstktm. Dcr`stbpcmr cknlb em gumvb sbnrm a`s c`zb kliugks drát`dks m emsdunr`a`mgtbs sbnrm lbs OI? Tá, ms oustb ebgem drmb qum c`dm irkgems dkan`bs kl dba`mgzbs y drmkd`ôg em su l`nrb. @g`d`klamgtm `nk k pumeb kpbrtkr. Dukgeb a`tblbiák y dôab bdurr`ô mapmdà k msdr`n`r Ublj`mg `gdlu`r d`gdb dkpátulbs y llmik ckstk ml h`gkl em y lk Irkg Iumrrk Iumr rk, ugb em qum trktknkg sbnrm lb qum Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs . Ublj`mg msdr`n`ô trks lk lbs abt`vbs mrk emabstrkr Ukan`àg cknlb em dôab Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl qum msm mstue`b amrmdák lk Me`tc m @gilktmrrk mstëg sbnrm Ml Tmûbr em lbs pmgk, qum mrk ug trknkob rmhlmokebs mg lk a`tblbiák y Kg`llbs y ml tmxtb mgtrknk sbnrm l`tmrkturk smr`k, y gb t`mgmg ug pkpml `apbrtkgtm mg emtkllm sbnrm dôab lks sbnrm msdkp`sab. Kcá ms mg mllk. ebgem mstknk ml prbnlmak mxpmr`mgd`ks em lk iumrrk khmdtkrbg sus msdr`tbs, pmrb pkrk aá. Lks pmládulks em lb qu`tà. Ksá qum kcbrk AH? Dukgeb cknlkabs em lk Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs, hkgtksák y lk àp`dk, k vmdms Ublj`mg y lk Irkg Iumrrk `gempmge`mgtmamgtm em lbs àstk ck s`eb akltrktkek tmra`gk dbg ug «Vbsektkº smgt`a`mgtbs smgt`a `mgtbs qum emsp`mrtmg pbr ml dkgbg. ²[uà bp`gk ebgem rmdbob tbeks a`s mg lbs mspmdtkebrms (y eml dkan`b em tmgemgd`k2 rmhlmx`bgms imgmrklms sbnrm sà qum k audcbs hkgs em ²Lk hkgtksák mstë s`mgeb Ublj`mg lms iustkg) ius tkg) sbg klib dôab lks mxpmr`mgd`ks dbgs`emrkek aës mg smr`b mg lk iumrrk khmdtkrbg qum mg rmkl`eke kea`rb, mg ml augeb l`tmrkr`b y sus msdr`tbs. Am pmra`tm pmsm k qum tmgib kliugks mg lks `gvmst`ikd`bgms mg msdr`n`r ugk c`stbr`k aës rmt`dmgd`ks pbrqum sby ug ug`vmrs`ekems2 e`rmdtk y ekr a` bp`g`ôg pur`stk em lbs l`nrbs. Mgtrmv`stk Mgtrmv `stk k Obcg Ikr tc
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Vmrb lb qum dbgs`iu`mrbg hum knr`r msbs l`nrbs l `nrbs k audck imgtm qum okaës mlmi`rák ugk gbvmlk em ug a`llkr em pëi`gks, y emabstrkrbg qum ml l`nrb ms em ugk prbhugek smr`meke, qum duklqu`mrk pumem smgt`rsm `emgt`h`dkeb y ms mv`emgtm em eôgem nrbtk msm smgt`a`mgtb. Ksá qum a` l`nrb pueb vmr lk luz pbrqum CkrpmrDbll`gs, lk me`tbr`kl, ms dbgsd`mgtm em qum kcbrk cky amrdkeb pkrk ug l`nrb dbab ml aáb, y yb drmb qum ck dkan`keb lk kdt`tue eml pÿnl`db ckd`k Ublj`mg. Kcbrk lk imgtm gb lb vm tkgtb dbab ml v`mob prbhmsbr dbg p`pk y kamr`dkgk em twmme, s`gb tkan`àg dbab ug vmtmrkgb em iumrrk qum t`mgm klib `apbrtkgtm qum dbgtkr.
smiugeb pkermº. Tu pr`amr pkerm aur`ô dukgeb àl tmgák duktrb kûbs. X`mgeb lbs hmstmobs em lk MstmlDbg y dbapkrëgeblk dbg lk Ublj`mg Tbd`mty, mstbs mvmgtbs sbg auy pkrmd`ebs, Bxbgabbt y lk MstmlDbg. Mg kanbs cky prmsmgtm tkgtb ml lkeb kdkeàa`db y ml mstue`b smr`b dbab ml lkeb e`vmrt`eb? lbs trkoms, lks dkgd`bgms, lks kdtukd`bgms, mtd. Tôlb qum yb e`rák qum kquá cky aës mgtus`ksab, b aës imgtm dbapkrt`mgeb msm mgtus`ksab, em akgmrk qum mg Bxbgabbt cky imgtm aës rmsmrvkek, b qum prmh`mrm pkskr emskpmrd`n`ek. Tupbgib qum ms ml abeb nr`tëg nr`tëg`db, `db, ms aës ugk dumst`ôg dulturkl. AH? P s` pue`mrk ckdmrlm ugk prmiugtk k Ublj`mg ²quà lm prmiugtkrák2
klrmemebr em lbs luikrms eôgem Ublj`mg mstuvb `gvbludrkeb mg kdd`bgms pkrt`dulkrms, ktkqums a`l`tkrms qum hu` dkpkz em lbdkl`zkr, eôgem mstknk su tr`gdcmrk, eôgem cknák mstkeb su nÿgjmr, eôgem emnmrák cknmr mstkeb s`tukeb dbab Bh`d`kl em Tmûklms. P lmá lb qum cknák msdr`tb mg a` nbrrkebr y dbapkrà dbg ml pk`skom k a` klrmemebr, y pmgsà qum… qum lb aës ÿt`l em kqumllb mrk ekram dumgtk em qum dukgeb lbs msdr`tbrms a`l`tkrms em lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl cknlknkg sbnrm tmgmr qum pmlmkr pkrk skl`r em kqumllk tmrr`nlm dbl`gk, kcbrk ms dks` `apbs`nlm `aki`gkr qum klib tmrr`nlm ckyk bdurr`eb kllá. Kug cby s`iumg kpkrmd`mgeb rmstbs em amtrkllk y a`mgtrks a`rknk kquml pk`skom am e` dumgtk qum duklqu`mr dumstk, s`g `apbrtkr lb pmqumûk qum humrk, mrk mgtbgdms ugk vmgtkok, mspmd`klamgtm s` t`mgms kamtrkllkebrks, pbrqum pumems pbgmr lks kamtrkllkebrks mg tkl pbs`d`ôg qum duklqu`mrk qum `gtmgtm kvkgzkr pbr lk dumstk, pkrmd`mrk qum `gtmgtk msdklkr ml Mvmrmst.
AH? Cmabs v`stb mstk tmgemgd`k tkan`àg mg Mspkûk, rmd`mgtmamgtm cmabs tmg`eb ug numg puûkeb OI? Vmgskrák mg tbeks lks em imgtm qum ck emhmge`eb prmiugtks qum am surimg Ebdtbrkebs sbnrm Ublj`mg. dukgeb mstby `gvmst`ikgeb, ]gb em lbs pr`amrbs ²lmástm mstb2 ²Vmgskstm mg hum Meukreb Tmiurk, ml mllb2 ²Dbgbd`stm k mstk trkeudtbr em su l`nrb. pmrsbgk2 ²quà qumráks emd`r ²Dbgbdm su trknkob y k àl2 dukgeb amgd`bgkstm amgd`bgks tm mstb mg mstk gbtk mg tmgiwkr2 Am iustkrák sknmr eml Tbaam, OI? Lb dbgbdá ckdm audcb sbnrm dôab sm s`gt`ô, sbnrm t`mapb, kgtms em qum lks `ghlumgd`ks em Lks tmra`gkrk em msdr`n`r ^kádms ^k ádms em lks Abgtkûks Abgtkûk s Ublj`mg y lk Irkg Iumrrk. em Y`ll`ka Abrr`s mg lks Àl mstknk mgtus`ksakeb dbg emsdr`pd`bgms em ^bckg AH? Vberákabs mstkr kquá, trkeud`r ml l`nrb emsem ml y Mbwyg y mg lbs pk`skoms eák mg qum lb cknlkabs. cknlkgeb dbg ustme, em lks D`àgkik em lbs eurkgtm s`ilbs, pmrb pbr aumrtbs, em lk Ekibrlke, AH? ²Lm sumgk hka`l`kr ml emsirkd`k gbs cmabs em lk nktkllk. Am iustkrák táb Durrb2 ²Dbgbdm lk qumekeb s`g t`mapb. Ckstk prmiugtkrlm k Ublj`mg `gvmst`ikd`ôg llmvkek k dknb kcbrk ²ck e`shrutkeb em “a`rk ²k quà tm rmhmráks dbg pbr Obsà Akguml Hmrrëgemz su mstkgd`k dbg gbsbtrbs2 mstb2‑ P msdudckrák lb qum sbnrm ml pkerm Hrkgd`s2 ²Ck e`shrutkeb em lk tuv`mrk qum emd`ram. mxpmr`mgd`k2 OI? Tá, sá qum lb dbgbzdb. Am ck emokeb lmmr ug nbrrkebr AH? ²Ck v`s`tkeb hás`dkamgtm h`mst k kymr pbr lk ml dkapb eml Tbaam y lbs OI? Tá, sá. Lk h`mstk em lk trkeudd`ôg y ms gbdcm mg ml dkst`llb hum luikrms c`stôr`dbs2 hksd`gkgtm. Ck dkan`keb a` dbab v`kokr mg ml t`mapb, pmrspmdt`vk sbnrm kspmdtbs mgtrm tbeks msks pmrsbgks Msdr` ná auy `apbrtkgtms em lk OI? Lb cm cmdcb, sá. Msdr`ná vmst`eks em iklk. Ck s`eb ml pr`amr nbrrkebr y hu` v`ek em Ublj`mg. Dukgeb akrkv`llbsb, audcás`aks kl Tbaam dbg ug ka`ib àl pmgsknk mg ml pkerm y mstuv`abs pksmkgeb Hrkgd`s, lb llkaknk «a` irkd`ks. 55
Mgtrmv` stk k Obcg Obc g Ikrtc
Ublj`m Ublj`mg? g? su su lmike lmikeb b krtást` kr tást`db db.. Eml msbtmr`sab k lk ikstrbgbaák? Ublj`mg Ublj`mg pbr tbeks pkrtms pkr tms Akrák Omsÿs Lkgzumlk L kgzumlk «Tmlmrjëlkº «Tmlmrjëlkº
T
kluebs, dbapkûmrbs.
Eurkgtm audcks pëi`gks em vkr`bs gÿamrbs em lks ÿlt`aks ebs mtkpks em mstk gumstrk rmv`stk, cmabs cmdcb ug mxtmgsb rmdbrr`eb pbr kliugks em lk `lustrkd`bgms aës dbgbd`eks em O.^.^. Ublj`mg, y tkan`àg cmabs emsdun`mrtb btrks audcks amgbs dbgbd`eks, `gdlusb pmrtmgmd`mgtms k su `ghkgd`k y ouvmgtue b su v`ek pr`vkek dbab pkerm em em hka`l`k. hka`l `k.
l`nrbs k prbhms`bgklms eml e`nuobs qum kpkrmdmrákg mg lk irma`b, s`maprm y dukgeb me`d`ôg br`i`gkl em Mi`e`b, ml mgtmge`mrkg lk msmgd`k em irkgomrb em Cka. Cka. Aës tkrem su bnrk y rmspmtksmg su tkan`àg `lustrô lks me`d`bgms mspár`tu, dbab ms ml dksb em br`i`gklms em Lks em Lks kvmgturks em lk akrkv`llbsk p`gtbrk Vkul`gm Uba Nbanke`l y btrbs pbmaks Nkygms, ugk em lks `lustrkebrks em Ml L`nrb ^bob, ^bob, Ml cmrrmrb em em hkvbr`tks em O.^.^. Ublj`mg, Ybbttbg Akybr, Ërnbl y Cbok, Cbok, qum lk ml`i`ô pkrk rmkl`zkr lbs y, trks lk aumrtm em Ublj`mg,
Cmabs dbgbd`eb lk humrtm `ghlumgd`k mg su hbrak em p`gtkr momrd`ek pbr Y`ll`ka Abrr`s, ml Krt Gbuvmku, Krts & Drkhts, y pbr mgem em lk gkturklmzk dbab pr`gd`pkl humgtm em `gsp`rkd`ôg, yk qum lk akybrák eml t`mapb mllk ms lk prbtkibg`stk prbtkibg`stk em sus s us bnrks. Ublj`mg s`maprm sm dkl`h`dô k sá a`sab dbab ug p`gtbr ame`bdrm, `gsmiurb eml tklmgtb t klmgtb qum tmgák dbg lbs p`gdmlms, pmsm k qum sus bnrks, akigáh`dks y mg`iaët`dks, sbg cby mg eák ug tmsbrb, ugk akigáh`dk humgtm em `ghbrakd`ôg pkrk dbgbdmr dôab `aki`gknk rmklamgtm rmkl amgtm lbs msdmgkr`bs em sus c`stbr`ks, y kemaës, bnrks mg su akybrák dbg ugk dkl`eke krtást`dk auy kltk. O.^.^. O.^. ^. Ublj`mg prmh`r`ô emokr lk `lustrkd`ôg em sus 5=
mg lks me`d`bgms eml pbmak Lk pbmak Lk ÿlt`ak dkgd`ôg em N`lnb. Nkygms e`nuoô lks pbrtkeks em lk me`d`ôg nr`tëg`dk nr`tëg `dk em ;094 y em lk me`d`ôg em ;03; em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs. Kg`llbs. Kemaës em mllk, audcbs, audcás`abs `lustrkebrms, dbgbd`ebs y kgôg`abs, sm ckg kdmrdkeb y kdmrdkg dkek eák k sus pëi`gks nusdkgeb ugk humgtm em `gsp`rkd`ôg pkrk sus drmkd`bgms p`dtôr`dks, b pkrk `lustrkr msm pmrsbgkom b msdmgk hkvbr`tk. Tbg tbebs msbs `lustrkebrms lbs qum dbg su krtm akgt`mgmg v`vb ml rmdumreb em lk U`mrrk Ame`k aës kllë eml hbgeb em gumstrk `aki`gkd`ôg, dbapkrt`mgeb su v`s`ôg pmrsbgkl em lbs msdr`tbs tblj`kgbs mg hbrak em `akimg.
gbs pmra`tmg tmgmr ugk v`s`ôg suh`d`mgtmamgtm kapl`k em su krtm. Ms cbrk em a`rkr aës kllë, maprmgemr gumvbs rmtbs y zkanull`rgbs mg gumvbs gumvbs mst`lbs em btrbs p`gdmlms. Dkek cbok eml ërnbl em G`iilm dumgtk. Vmrb gkek pberë sust`tu`r k msk `akimg `gtkgi`nlm qum dkek ugb drmkabs mg gumstrk amgtm kl lmmr sus c`stbr`ks. K gb smr qum tÿ smks ugb u gb em msbs tklmgtbs qum akgmok lbs p`gdmlms, y pumeks dbgvmrt`rlk mg klib pklpknlm… ²Xm ² Xmreke2 reke2 Ck s`eb ug cbgbr y ug plkdmr pbemr kdbapkûkrbs mg mstm rmdbrr`eb, pbg`mgeb a` irkg`tb em krmgk dbab
C`stbr`kebrk eml Krtm mg ml kgël`s`s em lks bnrks p`dtôr`dks em Ublj`mg. Mspmrb qum mstm v`kom v`sukl bs ckyk rmsultkeb `gtmrmskgtm, qum bs ckyë`s e`vmrt`eb y qum bs llmvà`s mg ml cuaus em lk amgtm amgtm kliugks dur`bs`ekems krtást`dks. Irkd`ks, Vrbhmsbr, pbr smr msk cbra`iu`tk trknkokebrk y drmkt`vk qum gbs emoô ug lmikeb tkg kapl`b mg vkr`ks e`sd`pl`gks. P irkd`ks irkd`k s k t`, qum gÿamrb trks gÿamrb tm cks kdmrdkeb k mstks pëi`gks k emvbrkr su dbgtmg`eb, trks msk ksp`rkd`ôg em r`ibr qum gbs pmra`tm kprmd`kr ml blbr k «l`nrbº gumvb. Gkaër`ê, amllyg.
Ôlmb, kdukrmlk, lëp`dms, tàdg`dks e`i`tklms… tbeb vklm pkrk plksakr ml lmimgekr`ua em Ublj`mg. Ublj`mg . Tbg mllbs y ml kgël`s`s em sus bnrks lbs qum emnmrákg tbakr ml rmlmvb mg mstks pëi`gks pkrk pbemr dbgbdmr dôab ml lmikeb krtást`db em gumstrb qumr`eb Vrbhmsbr ck dklkeb mg lbs mst`lbs em lbs kutbrms, b dôab `gtmgtkg e`hmrmgd`krsm em àl, pmrb s`maprm nkob ml mspár`tu mspmd`kl qum v`vm mg lk U`mrrk Ame`k. Vberákabs smiu`r kgkl`zkgeb ugk pbr ugk lks `lustrkd`bgms qum ml amtôe`db krdc`vmrb qum Ublj`mg llmvknk mg su `gtmr`br gbs prbpbrd`bgô, pmrb lbs momaplbs qum cmabs trktkeb mg lbs ÿlt`abs kûbs 58
Ublj`mg? su lmikeb krtást`db. Eml msbtmr` msbt mr`sab sab k lk ikstrbgbaá ikstr bgbaák? k? Ublj`mg pbr pb r tbeks tbek s pkrtms pkr tms Akr`k Akr `k Omsÿs Oms ÿs Lkgzuml Lk gzumlkk «Tmlmrj «Tml mrjëlkº ëlkº
Vrma`bs TUM >6;9
M
l pkskeb ;= em bdtunrm em >6;9 sm c`zb mgtrmik em lbs prma`bs kguklms em lk TUM eurkgtm lk dmrmabg`k em dlkusurk em lk SS@@@ dbgvmgd`ôg kgukl em lk TUM dmlmnrkek mg Ubrtbsk, Nkrdmlbgk.
Vrma`bs Kmlhw`gm em mgskyb mgskyb
Vrma`bs Ikgeklh em rmlktb
Emd`abtmrdmrk me`d`ôg eml dmrtkamg, dbg gbtknlm pkrt`d`pkd`ôg y ebs dlkrbs ikgkebrms?
]g kûb aës, y vkg >4 me`d`bgms, lbs prma`bs Ikgeklh gbs trkmg hkgtksák m `aki`gkd`ôg k rkueklms. Lbs trms rmlktbs iklkrebgkebs sm pumemg lmmr y emsdkrikr mg lk wmn em lk TUM y mg lk plktkhbrak sdr`ne.
Ml smiugeb prma`b hum pkrk Mvblud`ôg em lk drát`dk l`tmrkr`k k O.^.^. Ublj`mg, bnrk em Kgeràs Tëgdcmz em Abrk, ugk rmv`s`ôg drbgblôi`dk em lks e`st`gtks dbrr`mgtms y kdt`tuems mg lk drát`dk l`tmrkr`k rmkl`zkek k O^^ Ublj`mg k lb lkrib eml t`mapb.
Ml tmrdmr prma`b hum pkrk Sbsà A. Tëgdcmz Tëgdcmz pbr lk bnrk Lk sbanrk em Mayg Nmrk`e , rmlktb qum aumstrk qum lk skgirm Uuj em N`lnb Nblsôg y su mspár`tu kvmgturmrb v`mgmg em lmobs.
`apbrt kgd`k P ml pr`amr prma`b sm lb llmvô Lk `apbrtkgd`k eml Jklmvklk mg ml gkd`a`mgtb eml lmimgekr`ua em Ublj`mg, bnrk em Ekv`e ^mv`llk ^mv`l lk Xmlksdb, ug mgskyb qum prbhuge`zk mg lbs vágdulbs mgtrm ml pbmak Jklmvklk y ml L`nrb em lbs Dumgtbs Vmre`ebs.
Ml smiugeb prma`b hum pkrk Nbrok I. Ubrabs pbr Lk luz nkob lks blks, ugk c`stbr`k em 4 ka`ibs qum sm kemgtrkg mg v`moks c`stbr`ks, a`tbs blv`ekebs y smrms em lmymgeks.
Lbs mgskybs mstëg e`spbg`nlms mg lk wmn em lk TUM y mg sdr`ne.
P ml ikgkebr eml dmrtkamg dmrtk amg y em lk dbe`d`kek dbe`d`k ek mstktu`llk em Ikgeklh humpkrk h umpkrk Kgeràs E`plbtt` pbr p umnlbs em lk abgtkûk abgtk ûk. ml rmlktb Lk akrdck em lbs pumnlbs
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Vrma`bs G`iilm em krtm Ubeks lks bnrks iklkrebgkeks iklk rebgkeks mg mstk S@ me`d`ôg pumemg vmrsm mg lk wmn em lk TUM y mg lk iklmrák eml hl`djr em lk TUM Ml tmrdmr prma`b ms pkrk lk bnrk Tmûbr em lk Dksk em lk Hlbr Ebrkek , em Umrmsk ^kabs Eákz. ]g rmtrktb em Ilbrh`geml y su dknkllb Kshklbtc dbg tàdg`dk a`xtk (kdukrmlk, lëp`dms em dblbrms y tàapmrk). Ml smiugeb prma`b sm vk k Vmrÿ, pkrk lk bnrk Nërnbl, ugk tkllk rmkl`zkek mg akemrk em rkáz rmdbi`ek eml lmdcb smdb em ug ráb. Ml kutbr ms Mamrsbg Cu`lldkcuk Vklba`gb, qu`mg tkan`àg rmd`n`ô ugk amgd`ôg mspmd`kl pbr su msdulturk mg krd`llk Ublj`mg.
Vr`amr Vr`a mr prma`b prm a`b G`i ilm >6;9 «Akib m rrkgtmº rrkgt mº
Ml ikgkebr em mstk me`d`ôg ms Hmrgkgeb Lôpmz Kymlb «Dr`kturkº dbg lk bnrk Akib mrrkgtm. ]g rmtrktb em Ikgeklh kan`mgtkeb mg Ml Cbnn`t y rmkl`zkeb mg `lustrkd`ôg e`i`tkl
Vrma`b N`lnb em a`drbrrmlktb Umrdmrk me`d`ôg, emabstrkgeb qum mg ;56 dkrkdtmrms sm pumemg msdr`n`r c`stbr`ks auy nrmvms pmrb auy `gtmgsks y bsdurks. Ml tmak em mstm kûb Amljbr, pkrk ml qum sm usô ml cksctki #Amljbr;9. Ml smiugeb prma`b hum pkrk @gak Xkleàs rmdbrekeb ugk em lks bnsms`bgms em Amljbr, lbs T`lakr`ls.
Tmiugeb prma` b G`iilm >6;9 «Nërnblº
Umrdmr prma`b G`iilm >6;9 «Tmûbr em lk Dksk em lk Hlbr Ebrkekº
P ml pr`amr prma`b y lk `lustrkd`ôg br`i`gkl em ug erkiôg bnrk em Dcmak eml Hrmsgb, sm lb llmvô Ekg`ml Krkzblk pbr su a`drbrrmlktb sbnrm ml br`img eml akl em Amljbr. ¡Bs mspmrkabs mg lbs dmrtëamgms dmrtë amgms em >6;3 >6;3!! ¡Vkrt`d`pke, ¡Vkrt`d`pke , `gsmgsktbs! Amgd`ôg mspmd`kl prma`bs G`iilm >6;9. >6;9. Nustb em Ublj`mg.
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Vrma`bs Vrma`b s TUM TU M >6;9 >6;9
^krmzks y rmdursbs? Eml msbtmr`sab k lk ikstrbgbaák? Ublj`mg Ublj`mg pbr tbeks pkrtms pkr tms Obsà Vkreb «Vkrekikstº «Vkrekikstº
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g mstk bdks`ôg prmsmgtb ugk smlmdd`ôg em rkrmzks n`nl`birëh`dks em auy e`vmrsk ágeblm, punl`dkeks mg gumstrb pkás b mg mspkûbl. Dkek ugk em mllks mstue`k lk bnrk em Ublj`mg emsem pmrspmdt`vks `gusuklms, b dukgeb amgbs rmsultkg dur`bsks pkrk ml lmdtbr.
LK AËT AË T VM[]MÛK? ML EM ^MUB^GB EML ^MP ^M P EM N^@DMÛB ME@UB^MT
Kemaës eml prma`b k lk pmqumûmz, mstm l`nr`tb pberák llmvkrsm tkan`àg ml em lk me`d`ôg em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs mg mspkûbl aës msqu`vk y e`hád`l em dbgsmiu`r. Lk me`tbr`kl pmrukgk Nr`dmûb Me`tbrms ms hkabsk pbr sus l`nrbs a`g`kturk, «Lbs L`nrbs Aës Vmqumûbs eml Augebº, lbs duklms pumemg vmrsm mg audcks l`nrmráks y amrdke`llbs. Mg oug`b em >66> me`tkrbg ugk smlmdd`ôg ^mtb rgb eml ^my ^ my, em tmxtbs em Ml ^mtbrgb
ugk prmd`bs`eke `lustrkek em =x8.= da mg tkpk eurk dbg 543 pëi`gks. Mg kqumllbs t`mapbs tuvm lk bdks`ôg bdk s`ôg em vmr, vmr, mg ugb em tkgtbs amrdke`llbs ame`mvklms em gumstrk imbirkhák, lb qum drmb mrk lk dblmdd`ôg dbaplmtk em lbs 4 l`nrbs. Vbr pmrmzk emd`eá gb dbaprkrlbs mg msm abamgtb, y emspuàs am cm krrmpmgt`eb audcb em gb ckdmrlb. Gb vblvá k sknmr gkek em mstbs l`nrbs k pmskr em a`s mshumrzbs áaprbnbs. Lk c`stbr`k sm dbgv`rt`ô mg lmymgek, lk lmymgek mg a`tb…. Audcbs kûbs emspuàs, ml kzkr qu`sb qum dbgs`iu`mrk ml tbab @@@, Ml ^mtbrgb ^mtb rgb eml ^my. Drmb rmdbrekr cknmr v`stb mg @gtmrgmt lk dkusk em tkgtb a`stmr`b, qum gb mrk btrk qum lk emgugd`k em lk Ublj`mg Mstktm, amguebs sbg mllbs. Vmrb mstk `ghbrakd`ôg tkan`àg ck kdknkeb ml`a`gkek. Btrb ebduamgtb qum sá sm mgdumgtrk mg lk rme ms ugk emgugd`k em Nr`dmûb Me`tbrms k ugk maprmsk em lk dbapmtmgd`k pbr `a`tkd`ôg y dbp`k em kliugbs em sus tátulbs. Lbs emgugd`kebs dbgtmstkrbg qum sá, qum cknákg dbp`keb, pmrb qum lbs emgugd`kgtms tkapbdb tmgákg ml pmra`sb pkrk punl`dkr Ml ^mtbrgb ^mtbr gb eml ^my ^m y. Dur`bskamgtm gb ckdmg rmhmrmgd`k k lks btrks > pkrtms, pbr lb qum qu`zë gb llmikrbg k me`tkrsm. P pkrk l`kr aës lk dbsk, lbs @TNG qum h`iurkg mg ml tba`tb gb dukerkg dbg lbs em lk Kimgd`k Vmrukgk eml @TNG…
LK BN^@UK AMOB^ MTD^@UK? D]KEM^GB EM DKL@I^KHÁK ÀLH@DK
Lk me`tbr`kl ^bskspkim punl`dk y vmgem mg su pëi`gk
wmn mstm dur`bsb dukemrg`tb em dkl`irkhák tmgiwkr . K `a`tkd`ôg em lbs dukemrgbs em dkl`irkhák ^un`b, qum lbs qum tmgmabs d`mrtk meke dbgbdmabs pmrhmdtkamgtm, dbgs`stm mg lk prmsmgtkd`ôg em ugk lmtrk, lk dukl kpkrmdm rmpmt`ek mg lk pr`amrk lágmk em dkek smdd`ôg. Lumib cky vkr`ks lágmks mg nlkgdb emnkob pkrk qum ml pkd`mgtm lmdtbr/msdr`tbr dbp`m a`gud`bskamgtm lk lmtrk y ksá sm dbgv`mrtk mg ug mxpmrtb dkláirkhb. Emokrà em lkeb s` lk mqu`vklmgd`k qum ckdm ml kutbr em dkek lmtrk k gumstrb klhknmtb ms lk dbrrmdtk, qum am nkrrugtb nkrr ugtb yb qum gb. Lk `emk ms br`i`gkl y numgk, pmrb sm ck qumekeb sblb dbg ml kspmdtb aës s`aplôg eml tmak. Ublj`mg Ublj`mg mrk ug mxpmrtb mx pmrtb mg dkl`irkhák, y lbs momaplbs em su msdr`turk qum gbs ckg llmikeb, àlh`dk b gb àlh`dk, sbg kutàgt`dks bnr`tks em krtm. krt m. Tm mdck em amgbs qum kliu`mg msdr`nk ug trktkeb aës smsueb sbnrm ml tmak. 50
Vmrb a`mgtrks tkgtb, y dbab sm e`dm mg lk dbgtrkpbrtkek em lk bnrk, «mg ug augeb dkek vmz aës tmdg`h`dkeb y mg ml dukl msdr`n`r akguklamgtm rmsultk ugk kdt`v`eke aës rkrk, lk dkl`irkhák pkrk keultbs sm mstë dbgv`rt`mgeb mg ugk kh`d`ôg suakamgtm kpks`bgkgtm, rmlkokgtm y rmdbamgeknlm pkrk ksá momrd`tkr lk dbbre`gkd`ôg em abv`a`mgtbs, pmra`t`mgeb k lk vmz lk dbgdmgtrkd`ôgº. Vums msb mstë auy n`mg.
LK VMB^ U^KE]DD@ÔG U^ KE]DD@ÔG??
ML AMTÔG EM AKG_KG AK G_KGK K EML DBGEKEB EML GB^UM
Ml Amsôg em Akgzkgk Akgzk gk eml Dbgekeb eml Gbrtm? ]g dumgtb eml Tc`rm (s`d) ms ugk bnr`tk pmrpmtrkek mg ml kûb >660 pbr Emsblkt`bg bh Takui Vrbeudt`bgs Vrbeudt`bg s, y ms lk trkeudd`ôg eml `gilàs eml dumgtb Ucm Kpplm @gg bh tcm Gbrtc Hkrtc`gi . Tm pumem dbgsmiu`r mg ugk hkabsk t`mgek em tmaët`dk tblj`mg`kgk em lbs Vkásms Nkobs, y kcá kc á lb emob. Dukgeb lk v` mg ml dktëlbib lk dbaprà, pmgskgeb mg qum mrk ugk rkrmzk y vklák lk pmgk. Vmrb dukgeb `gtmgtà lmmrlk, am e` dumgtk pkrk a` ksbanrb em qum mrk knsblutkamgtm `g`gtml`i`nlm. Gb mx`stm g` mx`st`rë pmbr trkeudd`ôg kl dkstmllkgb.
Mghkekeb, dbgtkdtà dbg ml vmgemebr pkrk emd`rlm qum qu`àg emabg`bs cknák trkeud`eb msb, qum s` cknák s`eb ml smûbr Ibbilm Urkgslktbr , y qum gb sm mgtmgeák gkek. Ml susbe`dcb vmgemebr, auy e`igb, am e`ob qum ml trkeudtbr eba`gknk ml dkstmllkgb y qum ml dumgtb mstknk pmrhmdtkamgtm trkeud`eb, bnv`kgeb ml `gs`ig`h`dkgtm emtkllm em qum yb mrk mspkûbl y àl gb. Ml dumgtb gkrrk (drmb) lks kvmgturks em ugk knumlk cbnn`t, sus ebs g`mtbs, y ug trbll qum pksknk pbr kcá. ^mprbeuzdb l`tmrklamgtm l`tmrklamgtm ug përrkhb kl kzkr? k zkr? Urms eáks emspuàs Msdbnk hum mlàdtrudkeb mlàdtru dkeb dukgeb Cknk dur`ô y lm e`ob qum Gkgk cknák aumrtb mg lk gbdcm. N`mg, gb lm e`mrbg ugk skdue`ek mlàdtr`dk s` gb lb l`nmrkrbg `game`ktkamgtm qum àl gb tmgerák qum emokr qum ml eumgem kcbrk dba`mrk k lk auomr akybr. @gdlusb amobr su cmrakgb cmrakg b amgbr cknák krrmilkeb krrmilk eb yk pkrk ml rmt`rb em su dumrpb. dumr pb. Msdbnk suimr`eb suimr` eb qum lk dbgamabrkg emspuàs eml hmst`vkl pkrk gb krru`gkr ug numg t`mapb k tbebs.
T` kliu`mg qu`mrm mlmdtrbdutkrsm dbg mstks bnrks, msdr`ptks pbr Ekg`ml Ta`tc, lk smr`m Ml Hbljlbrm em lk Ame`bt`mrrk (s`d) sm dbaplmtk dbg Ml dbamrd`kgtm em Nrmm y Lk akgbplk pmre`ek.
ML AËT ^@DB? ]G
CBNN@U CBNN@U MG LK DBD@GK
mstm l`nrb. Audcbs em mstbs krtádulbs humrbg punl`dkebs mg mstk rmv`stk, gumstrk Mstml. ^mspmdtb k lks rmdmtks, dkek ugk em mllks mstë kan`mgtkek dbg ugk d`tk ebgem sm amgd`bgk ml plktb, y kl h`gkl sm `gsmrtkg ugks nmllks hbtbirkháks dbg mllbs tmra`gkebs. Mg lk pr`amrk pkrtm sm `gdluymg rmdmtks gbanrkeks mg lk bnrk em Ublj`mg, dbab ml drka, lks lmanks b ml iu`sb em dbgmob dbg c`mrnks krbaët`dks, a`mgtrks qum lk smiugek pkrtm sbg rmdmtks `gsp`rkeks mg mstk bnrk, dbab lbs «dbpbs em g`mvm em Dkrkecrksº b lk «nmn`ek em Mgtsº. Vktr`d`k Eákz yk cknák msdr`tb ug l`nrb mg dktklëg sbnrm ml tmak, Ml amgokr k –Ml Tmgybr emls Kgmlls‐ (me`tbr`kl Ak`jkl`l`, >664). ^md`mgtmamgtm sm ck punl`dkeb Ikstrbgbimmj , dbg rmdmtks nkskeks mg tátulbs em lk dulturk pbp dbab Ttkr Ykrs b Ckrry Ckrr y Vbttmr . Ml amgÿ nkskeb mg Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs ms –pkstml k lk Dmnke`llk Akgtmdbgk‐ Ak gtmdbgk‐,, –rkiÿ em dbgmob eml v`mob Ikay`‐ y –ml bob em Tkurbg‐. Lbs kutbrms sbg Uc`nkue X`llkgbvk y Akx`am Làbgkre (me`tbr`kl Ckdcmttm, >6;8).
ËLN]AMT EM Mstm l`nrb akrkv`llbsb, LBT h`rakeb pbr Vktr`d`k Eákz D^BABT Tkgtbs, hum me`tkeb pbr Dárdulb Dá rdulb Mg mstk smdd`ôg dbamgtkrà lbs ^bob mg >6;8. Gb ms sblb ug rmdmtkr`b nkskeb l`nrmamgtm ëlnuams em drbabs nkskebs mg T mûbr em lbs Kg`llbs K g`llbs, pmrb gb mg lbs plktbs y dba`eks qum Ml Tmûbr sm emsdr`nmg mg lk bnrk em dbsks s`a`lkrms dbab Oumibs em Dblmdd`bgknlms, b drbabs Ublj`mg, qum tkan`àg, s`gb qum Dkrtks Dblmdd`bgknlms, `gdluym ault`tue em pmqumûbs b dkrtks em amrdckge`s`gi qum krtádulbs y tmxtbs qum emsdr`nmg kpkrmdákg mg e`vmrsbs prbeudtbs dbstuanrms, pmrsbgkoms y (Vbp`tks, Ubstk ^`dk…) pmrb gb msdmgkr`bs ikstrbgôa`dbs em sm pmiknkg mg ug ëlnua. lk U`mrrk Ame`k, y qum pbr sá Lbs aës dbgbd`ebs y rmd`mgtms sblbs ckdmg qum amrmzdk lk pmgk sbg lbs me`tkebs pbr Amrl`g =6
^krmzk ^k rmzkss y rmdursbs? rmdur sbs? Eml msbtmr`s msbtm r`sab ab k lk ik strbgbaák? strbg baák? Ublj`mg Ublj` mg pbr tbe ks pkr tms Obsà Vkreb « Vkrekikstº Vkreki kstº
Tt`djmrs, ugk h`l`kl em Ubpps. LK V^@AM^K? Tbg drbabs kutbkecms`vbs LBXMD^ LBXMD^KHU KHU P UBLJ@MG UBLJ @MG kan`mgtkebs mg lks pmládulks em Vmtmr Okdjsbg Lks Ebs Ubrrms y Ml ^mtbrgb ^mtb rgb eml ^my ^m y. Mg ml pr`amrb lbs hbtbirkaks rmprbeud`ebs s`iumg ml iu`bg em lks pmládulks, y kemaës `gdluymg ug pôstmr dbg drbabs em lbs pmrsbgkoms. Ml smiugeb tkan`àg `gdluym ug pôstmr, pmrb sm brikg`zk mg hugd`ôg em lbs pmrsbgkoms em lk tr`lbiák aës qum pbr ml iu`bg. Vmrb mx`stmg drbabs aës kgt`iubs y dur`bsbs. Mg lk dblmdd`ôg Hmst`vkl eml e`nuob kg`akeb , me`tkeb pbr Vkdbsk Ebs mg ;03=, lbs 4 ÿlt`abs drbabs (gÿamrbs ;98 k ;93) rmprbeudmg e`nuobs em lk pmládulk em Nkjsc`. Mg ml tmxtb mxpl`dkt`vb mxpl`dkt `vb sm ckdm amgd`ôg k «lk aës img`kl pmládulk… lk tàdg`dk empurkeás`ak y kvkgzkeás`ak dbg ugk dkl`eke y ug krtm mxtrkbre`gkr`bs, dbg ug e`nuob, ug dblbr y ugk prbhuge`eke y ugk abv`l`eke `gdrmánlmsº. Gb sà lb qum pmgskrák Okdjsbg.
P pbr ÿlt`ab, ÿlt` ab, mg lk aát`dk dblmdd`ôg Abgstrubs em Abgstr ubs, me`tbr`kl emsdbgbd`ek y suri`ek mg ;038, ml drbab g¿ ;6> ms «Dblluaº, pmrb k pmskr em su lmtrk `g`d`kl lks eueks sm s m emspmokg kl lmmr ml tmxtb? «lbs ksms`gbs pkikg auy dkrk su dulpk: llmikg k cu`r em lbs pumnlbs ebgem dbamt`mrbg ml dr`amg, msdkpkgeb em lk oust`d`k, pmrb sbnrm tbeb… em su dbgd`mgd`k… Hum emsprmd`keb y pmrsmiu`eb pbr lbs suybs. Krrmpmgt`eb, sm rmhui`ô mg ug lkib suntmrrëgmb, mg lks prbhuge`ekems em lks abgtkûks gunlkeksº. gunlkeksº.
h`ml rmdmgs`ôg em cmdcbs bdurr`ebs y vmráe`dbsº (pëi`gk ;3>). Kgkl`zk su dbcmrmgd`k y a`gud`bs`eke, su akg`qumásab krdk`zkgtm m `gimgub, `gimgub, lks ludcks em lbs prbtkibg`stks hrmgtm kl Akl, lk emdkemgd`k eml prmsmgtm. Dbgdluym emh`g`mgeb k Lbvmdrkht dbab «ug msdr`tbr g`c`l`stk… g`c`l`st k… a`mgtrks qum Ublj`mg ms, sblkamgtm, ug pms`a`stk gbstëli`dbº. Emspuàs em dks` =6 kûbs, kugqum mg bdks`bgms pbekabs e`smgt`r em kliugk em lks bnsmrvkd`bgms em Tkvktmr, ml mgskyb akgt`mgm ugk vkl`emz `gus`tkek.
Ms auy e`hád`l sknmr dbg BU^B mxkdt`tue lk pr`amrk amgd`ôg k VBMTÁK? EMTEM BU^B Ublj`mg mg lk l`tmrkturk c`spkgk. U@MAVB Lk aës kgt`iuk mgdbgtrkek sm rmabgtk kl dktëlbib uruiukyb Llkak lk ktmgd`ôg lk msdksk Mxpbs `d`ôg em l`nrbs prbeudd`ôg lár`dk rmlkd`bgkek, b em ;056 Mxpbs`d`ôg nr`tëg`dbs, me`tkeb pbr lbs kl amgbs `gsp`rkek, dbg lk bnrk «Ka`ibs eml Krtmº y ml @gst`tutb em Ublj`mg. [u`zë ugk nr`llkgtm Dulturkl Kgilb-]ruiukyb. Mg mxdmpd`ôg ms Emsem btrb Mspkûk mx`stm ugk amgd`ôg mg t`mapb, ugk rmdbp`lkd`ôg em ml suplmamgtb eml kûb ;0=9 em aës em 46 pbmaks em Obkquág lk mgd`dlbpme`k Mspksk, ebgem Abrmgb, me`tkek mg >66> sm rmlktk lk mgtrmik eml prma`b pbr lk «Hugekd`ôg em Dulturk @gtmrgkt`bgkl @gtmrg kt`bgkl Hkgtksy k O.^. Kgekluzkº Kgek luzkº y pmrtmgmd`mgtm k lk Ublj`mg pbr Ucm Lbre bh tcm dblmdd`ôg Gÿamgbr — Dukemrgbs Dukem rgbs ^`gis ^`gi s, kugqum prbnknlmamgtm em pbmsák. Eme`dk kliugbs em ckyk rmsmûks aës kgt`iuks. mstbs pbmaks k I`al`, Ckle`r, Mx`stmg aës amgd`bgms k Hrbeb b Hkrka`r, pmrb tkan`àg Ublj`mg, pmrb mg imgmrkl k D.T. Lmw`s L mw`s b `gdlusb kl prbp`b hrkiamgtkr`ks y k`slkeks. Ublj`mg. Dbab g` audcb amgbs sby ug mxpmrtb mg pbmsák, Vrbnknlmamgtm ml pr`amr mg a` cua`leke sblb pumeb trknkob em d`mrtk mxtmgs`ôg rmdbamgekrlb y rmprbeud`r hum ml krtádulb Lbvmdrkht y Ublj`mg, kpkrmd`eb mg lk aát`dk rmv`stk Ml urbikllb mg ;09; (gÿamrb ;6, oul`b-kibstb). Tu kutbr, Hmrgkgeb Tkvktmr, qum pbr kquml mgtbgdms tmgák >5 kûbs, sm abstrô emsem lumib v`s`bgkr`b v`s`bgk r`b kl trktkr k ebs kutbrms qum pbr kquml mgtbgdms mrkg emsdbgbd`ebs, emsdbgbd`ebs , y qum dbg lbs kûbs sm ckg dbgvmrt`eb mg ebs `dbgbs dulturklms `gdumst`bgknlms. Ml mgskyb `gtmgtk dbapkrkr lk gkrrkt`vk em kanbs kutbrms, `gtmgtkgeb pmrh`lkr ml iàgmrb em sus bnrks y sus e`hmrmgd`ks. Lk bnrk em Ublj`mg lk mgdukerk mg lk «gbvmlk em ckeksº aës qum mg lk l`tmrkturk hkgtëst`dk, yk qum lb hkgtëst`db ms lk drôg`dk em ugk euek, a`mgtrks qum mg lk U`mrrk Ame`k «ml rmlktb sm prmtmgem
^krmzk ^k rmzkss y rmdursbs? rmdur sbs? Eml msbtmr` msbt mr`sab sab k lk ikstrbgbaá ikstr bgbaák? k? Ublj`mg pb r tbeks tbek s pkrtms pkr tms Obsà Vkreb « Vkrekikstº Vkreki kstº
=;
ug nmllb përrkhb em ugb em lbs pbmaks, Hrbeb?
l`nrmamgtm lb qum lmm, y tkan`àg ckg suri`eb punl`dkd`bgms qum mxplbrkg ml msbtmr`sab mg Ublj`mg em e`vmrsks akgmrks.
«Em gumvb, ml cbr`zbgtm em a`s eáks [u`zë lk bnrk aës dbgbd`ek vumlvm k smr ml okreág hrmgtm Ml tkrbt em –Ml Tmûbr em lbs smk k a` pumrtk, pumr tk, Kg`llbs‐, em Umrry Ebgklesbg lk hka`l`kr prmsmgd`k em lbs dbg `lustrkd`bgms em lks dkrtks aumnlms em Vmtmr Vrkdbwg`j (me`tbr`kl y msk v`mok dbstuanrm dbs tuanrm em lbs MEKH, ;000). @gdluym ug l`nrb, dkapbs ugk nkrkok em tkrbt qum tkan`àg pmra`tm ouikr k ug oumib em em a` g`ûmz. Ktrës emoà ml dkrtks, y ug emsplmiknlm pkrk dka`gb rmkl`zkr lks t`rkeks. Dkek dkrtk ckd`k lk U`mrrk Bsdurk dbg eml tkrbt ms `lustrkek dbg ug sus sbanrks, sbanrk s, pmrsbgkom u bnomtb em lk U`mrrk ml ckanrm, lbs pml`irbs, a` Ame`k, em tkl akgmrk qum pbr A`s`ôgº. A`s`ôg º. momaplb –Ml Lbdb‐ ms Ibllua, Obkquág Abrmgb ikgô ml –Ml Akib‐ ms Ikgeklh b –Lk prma`b Kebgë`s em pbmsák mg Ubrrm‐ ms Brtckgd. Ukan`àg Lkr ib v`kom (me`tbr`kl `gdluym lbs krdkgbs amgbrms. >6;4 pbr Lkrib Lbs tmxtbs mxpl`dkt`vbs mstëg ^`klp). n`mg trktkebs y ebduamgtkebs, y em lks pmládulks. Msm a`sab y ml s`ig`h`dkeb tkrôt`db sm nksk kûb lk rmv`stk –Mg`iaks‐ –Mg `iaks‐ punl`dk LB AËT A@TUM^@BTB? mg ml r`db s`anbl`sab y mg lks ug krtádulb ebgem sm cknlk em UBLJ@MG MTBUÀ^@DB `aëimgms krqumtáp`dks em lk lk klqu`a`k em lk bnrk dbab Ame`k. Gb drmb qum k kprmge`zkom v`tkl, dbg dur`bsks Ml ug`vmrsb aát`db y U`mrrk lm iustkrk audcb ml m `gs`stmgtms amgd`bgms k lbs hkgtëst`db em lk U`mrrk Ame`k Ublj`mg pmrb kemaës em lks oumibs em rbl. P lk rmv`stk –Kûb ms ug tmrrmgb knbgkeb pkrk lks rmsultkeb, nmllks `lustrkd`bgms lk Dmrb‐ eme`dk k Ublj`mg ebs `gtmrprmtkd`bgms msbtàr`dks y msp`r`tukl`eke em Mlmxplbrk Tmûbr em krtádulbs? Ml augeb àlh`db em bdult`stks, kugqum Ublj`mg yk lbs Kg`llbs emsem ugk hkdmtk –Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs‐ (g¿ e`omrk qum knbrrmdák duklqu`mr br`i`gkl y ktrkdt`vk. ;43), ebgem `gd`em mg lks nksms t`pb em amtëhbrk. Vmrb dkek a`tblôi`dks (cky ugk dur`bsk ugb ms l`nrm em `gtmrprmtkr Lks rmv`stks bdult`stks amgd`ôg eml pkrmd`eb em lbs tkapbdb sm ckg pbe`eb sustrkmr mgts dbg ml ^bnlôg em lbs a`tbs c`stbr `k bdultk k Ublj`mg. Mg ml kûb ;03; ml dëgtknrbs) y Lk c`stbr`k em –Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs‐ (g¿ @gmxpl`d keb lm dblmdd`bgknlm Lb @gmxpl`dkeb eme`dk su smdd`ôg –Akmstrbs –Akmst rbs em lb ;50), ebgem ml kutbr map`mzk @gsôl`tb‐, `ge`dkgeb qum «smr`bs cknlkgeb em Ublj`mg pkrk pkskr mxàimtks… gb ckg emokeb em kl Ir`kl, lumib k lbs mi`pd`bs bnsmrvkr humrtms pkrmd`ebs mgtrm (yk sm ck blv`ekeb em Ublj`mg), lk U`mrrk Ame`k… y lk rmi`ôg em lumib dbgmdtk dbg Omsudr`stb, y Ckllstktt, mg Kustr`kº. [um am tmra`gk ksmvmrkgeb qum rmsultk kspmg s` cm mgdbgtrkeb kliugk bnv`b qum ml Kg`llb ßg`db ms mg vmz k mstbs mxàimtks. Kemaës em rmkl`eke ml Tkgtb Ir`kl. lb dur`bsb eml krtádulb kr tádulb pbemabs mgdbgtrkr `aëimgms em lk bnrk Vmrb a` d`tk msbtàr`dk em Ublj`mg, kliugks em mllks prmhmr`ek kpkrmdm mg Ml rmtbrgb punl`dkeks pbr pr`amrk vmz mg em lbs nruobs, em Lbu`s Vkuwmls y mspkûbl. Ml dbgtmg`eb eml a`sab Okdqums Nmri`mr (me`tbr`kl Vlkzk pumem mgdbgtrkrsm mg ctt cttp?// p?// & Okgàs, ;086). Umxtuklamgtm www.pbms`ks.dl/orrRtblj`mg.cta sm e`dm (pëi`gk (pë i`gk ;64)? «Ms pbs`nlm qum Gua`gbr, a`stmr`bsb dmgtrb Mg >66> lk dblmdd`ôg dmltk eml s`ilb X kgtms em O.D. –D`mgd`ks Bdultks‐ punl`dk Ml gb smk ugk lmymgekº, y ugk Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs mxpl`dkeb gbtk k p`m em pëi`gk `ge`dk qum k lbs pkerms, em _mgg Y`ssm mstk kh`rakd`ôg sm nksk mg «lbs (me`tbr`kl Hrmml`vm), kugqum gb ms trknkobs eml prbhmsbr Ublj`mg em aës qum ug rmsuamg em lk bnrk lk ]g`vmrs`eke em Bxhbreº. Kcá dbg kliugbs kpugtms n`birëh`dbs lb emob. =>
^krmzk ^k rmzkss y rmdursbs? rmdur sbs? Eml msbtmr`s msbtm r`sab ab k lk ik strbgbaák? strbg baák? Ublj`mg Ublj` mg pbr tbe ks pkr tms Obsà Vkreb « Vkrekikstº Vkreki kstº
Lks rmdmtks em Mstmlwmg? Tbrnmtm em hrutks em Uba Nbanke`l Kgk Vmr`s Vmr`s «Mstmlwmgº «Mstmlwmgº
@girme`mgtms pkrk 5 pmrsbgks?
-Vrbnkr pbr s` gmdms`tk aës kzÿdkr y smrv`r mg vks`tbs b dumgdbs `ge`v`euklms.
• 466 irkabs em krëgekgbs hrmsdbs. • 466 irkabs em hrkanumsks hrmsdks. • =6 irkabs em kzÿdkr ilkss. • ; nblk irkgem em cmlkeb em vk`g`llk.
Vrmpkrkd`ôg?
«¡Cm «¡Cm kquá k a` Nkyk em Brb vmst`ek em vmrem y plktk dbg hlbrms mg lk d`gturk! ²Mstë lk amsk pumstk2 Xmb drmak kakr`llk y pkgklms, y pkg nlkgdb y akgtmdk, lmdcm, qumsb, c`mrnks vmrems y dmrmzks akeurks. ²Kldkgzk pkrk tbebs2 ²Mstë lk dmgk l`stk2º.
Kpugtms y dbgsmobs? -Dbab lk kd`emz em lks hrutks eml nbsqum ms auy vkr`knlm, lk dkgt`eke em kzÿdkr em lk rmdmtk ms br`mgtkt`vk. Lbs =6 irkabs mstëg pmgskebs pkrk hrutks euldms y akeurks. T` lbs krëgekgbs y lks hrkanumsks qum dbgs`iums mstëg emaks`keb ëd`ebs, tmgerës qum kuamgtkr kl iustb ml kzÿdkr.
-Dbgimlkr lbs hrutbs eml nbsqum y tr`turkrlbs mg ugk nkt`ebrk pbtmgtm b ug rbnbt em dbd`gk.
-Lks hrkanumsks b lbs krëgekgbs sm pumemg sust`tu`r pbr lk a`sak dkgt`eke em hrmsks s`lvmstrms.
-Kûke`r ml kzÿdkr, lk nblk em cmlkeb em vk`g`llk vk`g`l lk y vblvmr vblvmr k nkt`r ckstk qum qumem dbgvmrt`eb mg ugk drmak cmlkek.
-Ml cmlkeb kpmgks ek sknbr: ms sôlb pkrk kpbrtkr kpbrtk r drmabs`eke. Vmrb s` gb tm iustk lk vk`g`llk, pumems sust`tu`rlb pbr cmlkeb em gktk b em ybiur.
O.^.^. O.^.^ . Ublj`mg, Lk , «Mg Dbaug`eke eml Kg`llb dksk em Uba Nbanke`lº. =4
Cuabr Cuabr y pkskt`m pkskt`mapbs apbs
Mgdumgtrk lks 9 e`hmrmgd`ks.
=5
Ublj`m Ublj`mg g aks kllë eml eml aurb aurb kgugd`bs kgugd`bs dbrtbs dbr tbs y gbt`d`ks gbt`d`ks
^. Ublj`mg) m `lustrkeb pbr Klkg lmm, Nmrmg kge Lÿtc`mg. Mg àl sm rmdbp`lkg rmdbp`lkg lks lk s e`st`gtks e`st` gtks vmrs`bgms vmrs`bgms qum Ublj`mg c`zb sbnrm mstm rmlktb, emsem lk pr`amrk qum c`zb mg ;0;9. Me`d`bgms A`gbtkurb ck dbgh`rakeb qum mg ml pr`amr smamstrm eml >6;3 sklerë lk vmrs`ôg mg dkstmllkgb.
Kjîllknmtc kge Btcmr Ublj`mg Ybrjs
Nmrmg kge Lÿtc`mg Ml pkskeb ; em oug`b, CkrpmrDbll`gs punl`dô ml ÿlt`ab l`nrb me`tkeb pbr Dcr`stbpcmr Ublj`mg (ml tmrdmr c`ob em O. ^.
Ml dbapbs`tbr Vkul Dbrh`mle Ibehrmy, dbg ml pmra`sb em lk Ublj`mg Mstktm, prmsmgtô ml pkskeb 0 em oug`b ug gumvb ëlnua aus`dkl nkskeb pr`gd`pklamgtm mg «Ml T`lakr`ll`bgº, dbg lmtrks tkan`àg `gsp`rkeks mg Ml Cbnn`t, Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs Kg` llbs y Lks kvmgturks em Uba Uba Nbanke`l, mg lk trke`d`ôg tbgkl iklmsk. Gb ms lk pr`amrk vmz qum Dbrh`mle dbapbgm nksëgebsm mg lk bnrk em Ublj`mg.
Gumvk pmládulk sbnrm O. ^. ^. Ublj`mg ]g gumvb prbymdtb d`gmaktbirëh`db gbs abstrkrë pkrtm em lk v`ek eml prbhmsbr, emsem su keblmsdmgd`k ckstk su pkrt`d`pkd`ôg mg lk Vr`amrk Iumrrk Auge`kl, ug pmrábeb emd`s`vb qum sm rmhlmoô mg sus gbvmlks. Mstkrë e`r`i`eb pbr ml d`gmkstk h`gàs Ebam Jkrujbsj`, dbg iu`ôg em Ekv`e Ilmmsbg y Ttmpcmg Nmrmshbre.
Ur`v`kl r`v`k l Ublj`mg Ml pkskeb >; em smpt`manrm, dbg abt`vb eml kg`vmrskr`b em lk punl`dkd`ôg eml Cbnn`t, ml Ta`kl em Jckzke-Eúa brikg`zô dbg ml nkr Ml Ault`vmrsb ug tr`v`kl sbnrm lk v`ek y Bnrk em Ublj`mg. E`v`e`ebs pbr rkzks y dbg dmrvmzks mg lk akgb, lbs mgkgbs sm klzkrbg v`dtbr`bsbs mg ugk vmlkek em r`sks y mspár`tu Ublj`mge`l`. ==
Eák em Eur`g Ml oumvms ;0 em bdtunrm, db`gd`e`mgeb dbg ml dklmgekr`b lugkr mgkgb, ml Ta`kl em JckzkeEúa dmlmnrô pbr pr`amrk vmz ug kdbgtmd`a`mgtb auy mspmd`kl? Ml Eák em Eur`g. Mstm eák db`gd`em dbg lk ÿlt`ak lugk gumvk eml btbûb qum vk k mstkr mg ml d`mlb k lk vmz qum ml sbl.
Lks plkgtks em lk U`mrrk Ame`k
Dbg mstm abt`vb, sm rmkl`zô ugk rmug`ôg kdbimebrk m `gt`a`stk mg su dkhmtmrák ckn`tukl, mg lk qum sm dbapkrt`mrbg lmdturks sbnrm lbs mgkgbs, Mrmnbr y ml Eák em Eur`g, ... mgtrm tbebs lbs ks`stmgtms, tkgtb sbd`bs em lk TUM dbab imgtm gumvk qum sm kdmrdô k dbgbdmrlms.
Mxpbs`d`ôg? Ublj`mg, drmkebr em lk U`mrrk Ame`k T` ml prôx`ab kûb pumems kdmrdkrtm k Bxhbre, gb tm p`mreks lk mxpbs`d`ôg sbnrm lk `aki`gkd`ôg l`tmrkr`k em Ublj`mg. Emsem ml ; em oug`b ckstk ml >3 em bdtunrm em >6;3, mg lk N`nl`btmdk Ymstbg smrë pbs`nlm rmv`v`r tkgtb lk drmkd`ôg em lk U`mrrk Ame`k, dbab lk v`ek y trknkob eml prbhmsbr. Mstk aumstrk dbgtkrë dbg aktmr`kl prbvmg`mgtm em ^m`gb ]g`eb y MM.]]. Kemaës, ml >= em akyb sm punl`dkrë ml l`nrb `lustrkeb qum llmvkrë pbr tátulb ml a`sab qum ml em lk mxpbs`d`ôg? Ublj`mg, drmkebr em lk U`mrrk Ame`k. Mstkrë me`tkeb pbr lk Nbelm`kg L`nrkry Vunl`sc`gi y sm dbgs`emrk qum smrë lk akybr dblmdd`ôg em aktmr`kl em O. ^. ^. Ublj`mg punl`dkeb mg ug sblb vbluamg.
kg `vmrskr`b eml Ta`kl em Vkrk tbebs lbs kakgtms em lk SS kg`vmrskr`b gkturklmzk y lbs ërnblms, emsem Gÿamgbr ml pkskeb ; em bdtunrm yk ms Me`d`ôg rmv`skek em Ucm O. Lk emlmikd`ôg lbdkl em lk pbs`nlm dbgsmiu`r ml l`nrb Hlbrk ^. ^. Ublj`mg Dbapkg`bg dbaug`eke em Aker`e, ml Ta`kl bh A`eelm-Mkrtc, me`tkeb pbr kge Iu`em Bxhbre ]g`vmrs`ty Vrmss, ck s`eb em Gÿamgbr, dmlmnrkrë su SS Kg `vmrskr`b lbs eáks 3, 0 y ;6 em msdr`tb pbr ml n`ôlbib Ykltmr T. Kg`vmrskr`b Bgdm kûbs emspuàs em su e`d`manrm, dbg ug mgdumgtrb em Ouee m `lustrkeb `lust rkeb pbr Irkcka Irkck a pr`amrk me`d`ôg, lk iuák em K. Ouee. K trkvàs em sus cboks dkrëdtmr lÿe`db. Lk akybr pkrtm lmdturk lmdtu rk y l`nrb em rmhmrmgd`k pkrk pbermabs vmr lk dbgmx`ôg mgtrm em lks kdt`v`ekems sm dmlmnrkrë tbebs lbs smiu`ebrms em lks bnrks lks plkgtks eml lmimgekr`ua mg lk t`mgek em dôa`ds y oumibs em Ublj`mg sm ck vumltb k me`tkr, em Ublj`mg y lks qum drmdmg k Ml Abgb Krkûk. ¡Audcks k trkvàs em CkrpmrDbll`gs. Kcbrk dbgstk dbgs tk em trms t rms vblÿamgms gumstrb klrmemebr. hml`d`ekems! ebgem lbs kutbrms Dcr`st`gk Tdull y Ykygm I. Ckaabge, ckg `eb rmdbp`lkgeb aës krtádulbs, ebduamgt ebdu amgtbs bs y emtkllms em dkrtks.
=8
Ublj`mg aks kllë eml aurb kgugd`bs kgugd `bs dbrtbs db rtbs y gbt`d`k gb t`d`k s
Hkllmdm ml `lustrkebr ^bimr Ikrlkge Ml krt`stk nr`tëg`db ^bimr Ikrlkge hkllmd`ô ml pkskeb >8 em bdtunrm bdtu nrm k lbs 89 kûbs, emn`eb k ugk mghmrameke emimgmrkt`vk. Ikrlkge hum ml mgdkrikeb em drmkr lks `lustrkd`bgms em lks punl`dkd`bgms bh`d`klms em vkr`bs l`nrbs em Ublj`mg, dbab pbr momaplb Dumgtbs `gdbgdlusbs, Mi`e`b ml irkgomrb em Cka, Lks kvmgturks em Uba Nbanke`l b Ml cmrrmrb em Ybbttbg Akybr. Ukan`àg pkrt`d`pô mg lbs dklmgekr`bs em Ublj`mg em ;035 y ;030. Tu mst`lb mstë llmgb em hkgtksák, dbg humrtms dblbrms y lágmks emh`g`eks. Ms pbs`nlm vmr ugk dblmdd`ôg pmrakgmgtm em sus bnrks sbnrm Ublj`mg mg lk Lkjms`em Ikllmry em Dbrgwkll.
Kakzbg dbgh`rak lk drmkd`ôg em ugk smr`m em tmlmv`s`ôg `gsp`rkek mg «Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbsº ]gbs eáks emspuàs em qum dbgbd`àrkabs lk gbt`d`k k trkvàs eml pbrtkl Xkr`mty, Kakzbg dbgh`raô kymr qum ck kequ`r`eb lbs emrmdcbs tmlmv`s`vbs em Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs y prbeud`rë ugk smr`m em vkr`ks tmapbrkeks `gsp`rkek mg lk bnrk em O.^.^. Ublj`mg, mg dblknbrkd`ôg dbg Ublj`mg Mstktm, CkrpmrDbll`gs y Gmw L`gm D`gmak, ugk e`v`s`ôg em Ykrgmr Ykrgmr Nrbs. Mgtmrtk`gamgt. Mgtmrtk` gamgt. Kan`mgtkek Kan`mgtke k mg lk U`mrrk Ame`k, lk smr`m mxplbrkrë tkan`àg c`stbr`ks prmdmemgtms k Lk Dbaug`eke eml Kg`llb, qu`zë kliugks em lks c`stbr`ks qum sm gkrrkg mg lbs Kpàge`dms. Ml kdumreb `gdluym lk pbs`n`l`eke Ublj`mg aks kllë eml aurb kgugd`bs kgug d`bs dbrtbs db rtbs y gbt`d` g bt`d`ks ks
em ugk smr`m ke`d`bgkl k abeb em sp`g-bhh.
em qum Kakzbg, dbg su lkrib dbaprba`sb dbg lk l`tmrkturk, smk ml cbikr em lk pr`amrk smr`m ault`tmapbrkek nkskek mg Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs. Tckrbg y ml mqu`pb em Kakzbg Mstue`bs t`mgmg mxdmlmgtms `emks pkrk llmvkr k lk pkgtkllk msdmgks prmv`kamgtm `gmxplbrkeks nkskeks mg msdr`tbs em O.^.^. Ublj`mgº.
Dbab rmh`mrm Tckrbg Ukl Piukeb, omhk eml empkrtkamgtb empkrt kamgtb em smr`ms iu`bg`zkeks em Kakzbg Kak zbg Ttue`bs, Ttue`bs , «Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs ms ug hmgôamgb dulturkl qum ck dkut`vkeb lk `aki`gkd`ôg em imgmrkd`bgms em hkgs k trkvàs em lk l`tmrkturk y lk irkg pkgtkllk. Gbs smgt`abs cbgrkebs em trknkokr ougtb Ml Tmûbr em lbs Kg`llbs, k Ublj`mg Mstktm y Gmw L`gm bnrk l`tmrkr`k auge`klamgtm D`gmak mg mstk mxd`tkgtm rmdbgbd`ek, ikgkebrk eml dblknbrkd`ôg pkrk tmlmv`s`ôg @gtmrgkt`bgkl Hkgktsy Kwkre y mstkabs mgtus`ksakebs pbr y eml Vrbamtcmus Ckll bh llmvkr k lbs hkgs em Ml Tmûbr Hkam Kwkre, hum mlmi`ek mg em lbs Kg`llbs k ug gumvb v`kom ;000 dbab ml l`nrb hkvbr`tb k trkvàs em lk U`mrrk Ame`kº. eml a`lmg`b pbr lbs dl`mgtms em Vbr su pkrtm, Aktt Iklsbr, Kakzbg. Kak zbg. Vbr ml abamgtb gb ug rmprmsmgtkgtm em Ublj`mg sm dbgbdmg aës emtkllms sbnrm Mstktm Urust y CkrpmrDbll`gs lk smr`m. Vbeà`s lmmr lk gbt`d`k ck e`dcb «mstkabs mgdkgtkebs br`i`gkl mg Nus`gmss Y`rm. =9
E@^MDD@BGMT DBA@T@ÔG VM^AKGMGUM? Vrms`emgtm? X`dmprms`emgtm? Tmdrmtkr`k? Umsbrmrb? ^mems Tbd`klms?
prms`emgtmFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri v`dmprms`emgtmFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri smdrmtkr`bFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri tmsbrmrbFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri prmgskFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri
Gumvbs sbd`bs? Kdt`v`ekems? Dba`s`bgms?
Tuskgk _kcbgmrb Irmus «G`arbemlº ^khkml Ubrrmgs Drmspá «Uurkankrº K`gk Dëgkvms Nkuék «@brmtcº Vmrm Tmrrk Vu`irþs «Eë`gº Vkulk em Kgeràs Akrtágmz «Mrmge`sº Blktz @er`g Curtkeb «Jmlmn-Eúrº ^khkml ^khkm l Ubrrmgs Drmspá «Uurkankrº urkank rº Klmokgerb Dkapbs «Eágmgº Tbg`k Abrklms Dknkllmrb «Kltër`mlº Akrikr`ek A`aô Dbe`gk «Kmr`mgº ^khkml Ubrrmgs Drmspá «Uurkankrº
Ymnakstmr? Mglkdm N`nl`btmdk? Me`tbr em lk Mstml? Dbgtkdtb Mstml mg @gtmrgmt? Dbgtkdtb em Vbedkst?
Kgeràs Abyk «C`rugktkgº Ekg`ml Abrmrk Tdcultms «Pla`rº @rmgm Nmrnmrkgk «Vkrakr`mlº Lbrmgk ^buimt «Ukrykwmg Mrykº Ml`k Dkûkek Abrmgb «Aár`mlº
wmnakstmrFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri n`nl`btmdkFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri mstmlFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri mstmlrmv`stkFiak`l.dba pbedkstFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri
DBA@T@BGMT? Krtmskgák? N`mgvmg`ek y kdbi`ek? Oumibs? Cuakg`ekems? Lmgiuks? L`tmrkturk? Aÿs`dk y nk`lms?
Xkgmsk Ikrdák Dëankrk «Mlhwyg I`lwmgº Kgk Akrák Akr`ûb «Xmryôrêº ^unàg Nr`bgibs I`l «Nkl`gº Nërnkrk Ikrdák Cumrtks «Kr-Hm`g`mlº «Kr-Hm`g`mlº Cml`bs Em ^bskr`b «@arkc`lº A`iuml Gkvkrrb Aëûmz «Cmla Akgbakrt`llbº @sknml Tblkgk ^un`b «T`anmlaygê Ubbjº
krtmskg`kFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri krtmskg`kFsbd`meketblj`mg. bri
TA@KLMT? Abgtkrkz (Tbd`bs s`g Ta`kl) D`àgkik em lbs Aumrtbs - Imtkhm Dumrgkv`llk - Dumgdk Mecmllbge - Xklmgd`k Ml Erkiôg Xmrem - Vkás Xksdb Ibgebl`g - Vkaplbgk Ckaab - Aker`e @alker`s - Xkllkebl`e Jckzke-eúa - _krkibzk Lôr`mg - Nkrdmlbgk A`tclbge - Mldcm Gÿamgbr - Aker`e Brberu`g - ^`vks Xkd`kaker`e Vmlkri`r - Tmv`llk Ubl Mrmssêk - Akllbrdk ]ankr - Dkrtkimgk
Dblknbrk dbg lk
Mstml Vumems mgv`kr tu dblknbrkd`ôg k? mstmlFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri Um rbikabs qum tmgiks mg dumgtk du mgtk mstks `ge`dkd`bgms?
=3
gumvbssbd`bsF sbd`meketblj`mg.bri kdt`v`ekemsFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri dba`s`bgmsFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri
oumibsFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri dba`s`bgcuakg`ekemsFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri dba`s`bgcuakg`ekemsFsbd`meketblj` mg.bri lmgiuksFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri lmgiuksFsbd`meketblj`mg. bri l`tmrkturkFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri aus`dk-nk`lmsFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri
Okv`mr Brtk Dkakûb «Gkui _`i`lúaº ^kÿl L`sôg «C`r`lbaº Obrim Lôpmz Vr`mtb «Mrjmgnrkge Lklk`tcº Cml`bs Em ^bskr`b Akrtágmz «@arkc`lº ^kÿl Vàrmz ^kaármz «Gm`jbº V`lkr Msdklkek Eámz «Dmlmnr`glksº Vknlb ^u`z Aÿzqu`z «Krkgkrtcº Aôg`dk Tkgz ^beráiumz «Mlkgbr H`geúr`mlº Aª Omsÿs Lkgzumlk Ibgzëlmz «Tmlmrjëlkº Ekg`ml Hmgbll «Dmnke`llk Akgtmdbgkº Hmrgkgeb Lôpmz Kymlb «Dr`kturkº Nërnkrk Ikrdák Cumrtks «Kr-Hm`g`mlº «Kr-Hm`g`mlº Ekg`ml Akrdbs Ebaàgmdc «]r`mgº Eml`k Akrt`g Ikrwbbe «Gkryk-A`tcrkge`rº Iu`llma Nmrgkt ^ullkg «Nbrba`rº @igkd`b Dbgmsk _kabrk «Gbrgbrêº
• Akgek ml tmxtb y lks `aëimgms em hbrak smpkrkek (sm p`mrem dkl`eke s` lks `gsmrtks mg ug h`dcmrb Ybre, Ybre, pbr momaplb). • ^mllmgk y mgvák lk emdlkrkd`ôg sbnrm emrmdcbs em kutbr y punl`dkd`ôg qum mgdbgtrkrës mg lk wmn? www.sbd`meketblj`mg.bri • Lbs krtádulbs em tmxtb gb emnmg supmrkr lks 4.666 pklknrks, emnmg `gdlu`r lbs h`dcmrbs em t`pbs em lmtrk UrumUypm qum gb smkg usuklms (sbnrm tbeb s` ut`l`zks
abgtkrkzFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri d`mgkikFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri dumrgkv`llkFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri dumrgkv`llkFsbd`meketblj`mg. bri mecmllbgeFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri mlerkibgvmremFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri ibgebl`gFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri ckaabFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri `alker`sFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri jckzkeeuaFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri lbr`mgFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri a`tclbgeFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri guamgbrFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri brberu`gFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri pmlkri`rFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri tblmrmssmkFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri uankrFsbd`meketblj`mg.bri
tmgiwkr , kgimrtcks...) kgimrtcks...) y emnmg mgv`krsm mg hbraktb .ebd, .rth b .txt. • Lks `aëimgms b `lustrkd`bgms emnmg mgv`krsm mg hbraktb .opi y dbg ugk rmsblud`ôg em 466 ppp dbab rmdbamgekd`ôg imgmrkl (amgbs em ;=6 ppp smrák `gkdmptknlm). Mg duklqu`mr dksb, s`maprm pumems pbgmrtm mg dbgtkdtb dbg gbsbtrbs msdr`n`mgeb k lk e`rmdd`ôg em m-ak`l kgtmr`br.