..Cavite Christian School F.E. De Castro Village, Ligas, Bacoor, Cavite
TEETH WHITENER MADE OF BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA) PEEL In partial fulfilment Of the Requirements for the Subject in Research II Group no. IV IV – IV – Philippians Philippians S.Y. 2011-2012 Ronald Patrick DL. Pascual Leader Alexia PamelCand PamelCandelaria elaria Secretary Members Frances Marie A. Polidario Leonardo M. Genodiala III Bren Don Manuel B. Lopeña Leoncio A. Tumibay III
Ms.Sherelyn C.Nuñez Adviser Mrs.Normita D. Dabuyan Subject Teacher Date of Submission March 19, 2012
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled ___________ prepared & submitted by Group IV of IVPhilippians in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Research II, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval.
______________ ________ ____________ ______ Subject Teacher
Panel of Examinees
______________________
Ms.Annielyn G. Gorospe CHAIRMAN
______________ ________ ___________ _____
_____________ ______ _____________ ______
Ms.Femalin B. Deniega
Mr. Joseph S. Bidania
MEMBER
MEMBER
______________________
Research Adviser
______________________
Date of Submission
ACKNOWLDEGEMENT
As research researchers ers of Group IV from IV-Philippia IV-Philippians, ns, we would like to express our gratitude to the following:
First, we would like to thank Lord God for giving us the knowledge, wisdom and strength we needed to pursue this study
We want to thank all of our subject teachers for sharing their thoughts about our study, for lending us their time and for giving considerations.
Our adviser, Ms.SherelynNuñez, who gives us pieces of advice regarding our study, especially in testing the product. We thank her for the effort and for lending us her precious time.
Our subject teacher, Mrs.Normit Mrs.Normita a D. Dabuyan, in supporting us all throughout and for sharing her knowledge towards our study, for giving us pieces of advice in making the product more presentable; to improve its taste, and for teaching us from the most basic to the most complex.
The panellists,M panellists,Ms.FemalinDeniega, s.FemalinDeniega, Mr. Joseph Bidaniaand Ms.AnnielynGorospe for their critical yet kind opinions and for guiding us through every revision of our research documentation.
We want to express our gratitude to the respondents who gave their time and cooperated during the survey. We also apologize for showing some impolite attitude while you are testing the product.
And of course, to our parents who supported financially and served as our inspiration to finish the research documentation.
ABSTRACT
Title:
Teeth Whitener Made of Banana(Musa acuminata) Peel
Researchers:
Group IV, IV-Philippians, Cavite Christian School
This research documentation is an experimental study about the use of banana peel, one of the common wastes, used as a principal ingredient in making a teeth whitener. The study aims to create a cheaper and healthier alternative to the commercially processed teeth whitening products. The researchers initially stated problems and hypotheses regarding the topic. The sources of the study’s Chapter II – Related Literature, includes several online
resources
such
as
www.teethwhiteningtipsrevealed.net
and
www.facecarebook.com. The researchers used these materials as their references. Some cited the qualities of banana peel itself and other stated related studies done by other researches before. The researchers systematically sampled from the whole population of the Cavite Christian School’s High School Department to rate the finished product of each trial. The products were done through a series of procedures, with varying proportions of the ingredients in every trial. There is a total of thirty (30) respondents who rated the teeth whitener made of banana peel in terms of whitening ability, taste, and texture. All of which answered the main research instrument used in the study, the questionnaire. After the experimentations and surveying were done, the researchers gathered data and put it in tabular and graphical form, which was later organized to the Chapter IV of the research documentation. In the end of the study, the researchers made conclusions whether the hypotheses were proven, summary regarding the results of the study, and recommendations concerning possible continuation and update of this study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval Sheet----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i Acknowledgement-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
Chapter I: The Problem and Its Background
Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Statement of the Problem-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Statement of the Hypothesis--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Conceptual Framework----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Scope and Delimitation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Significance of the Study-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Definition of Terms----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Chapter II: Related Studies and Related Literature
Conceptual Literature-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Research Literature--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Synthesis----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Chapter III: Methodology
Research Design-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Population, Sampling, and Respondents of the Study-------------------------------------------------------9 Research Instrument--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Procedure--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 Statistical Analysis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
Chapter IV: Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
Respondents’ Profile Graph 1 – Gender----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Graph 2 – Age--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Graph 3 – Year Level-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Respondents’ Response by Gender in Relation to Table 1 – Whitening Ability----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Table 2 – Taste-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Table 3 – Texture----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 Respondents’ Response by Year Level in Relation to Table 1 – Whitening Ability----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 Table 2 – Taste-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 Table 3 – Texture----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
Chapter V: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Summary---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 Conclusion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 Recommendation----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23
Bibliography----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24 Questionnaire--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
CHAPTER I The Problem and Its Setting
This chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance, and the scopes and delimitations of the study
Introduction The history of toothpaste started 2000 BC ago. Egyptians used toothpaste made of soda, pumice stone and wine vinegar, brushed on with a chew stick. It may sound awful but it is nothing compared to the Romans’ toothpaste. It was made from human urine. It was said that Roman century doctors believed that urine whitens teeth. It was proven that’s why it was used as an active ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash in the 18th century. Nowadays dentists recognized that it was ammonia that cleaned the teeth. Many chemicals and formulas are used for teeth whitening. Peroxide is one such agent used for teeth whitening. Hydrogen peroxide has been safely used in whitening for over 100 years and it is also known as an effective ingredient by the dental community. The researchers of Group-4 from the Fourth Year Philippians decided to study: Teeth whitener made with banana peel. The group is interested in making teeth whitener in a natural and cheaper -way. Banana peel was proven by scientists to have potassium, calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and manganese that serves as natural teeth whiteners. The teeth whitener with banana peel is suitable for the economy today. It was made cheaper yet very effective. The group is being wise that all classes of people would afford and use the product.
Statement of the Problem The study aims to determine the effectiveness of banana peel as an ingredient for teeth whitener. Specifically, it tries to answer the following questions: 1. What is the respondents profile in terms of: a. Gender b. Age c. Year Level 2. How effective is the Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: a. Whitening Ability b. Taste c. Texture
Statement of the Hypothesis The researchers assume that the following hypotheses are true until the whole experimentation has been done: 1. The respondents’ profile according to: a. Gender b. Age c. Year Level 2. The banana peel is not effective as a teeth whitener ingredient in terms of the following a. Whitening Ability b. Taste c. Texture
Conceptual Framework Research Paradigm
Whitening Ability
Factors
Teeth Whitener Made with Factors
Banana Peel
Texture
Factors
Taste
Figure 1.1 The paradigm above shows the different properties of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel
Scope and Delimitation of the Study The researchers of Group 4 from IV-Philippians conducted a study using the Experimental Method of research dealing with banana peel as an ingredient for teeth whitener and Descriptive Method of research for surveys. The thirty (30) respondents will be sampled from, and is only delimited to the students of CCS High School Department, excluding students of the same year level as that of the researchers. Each of them will use the teeth whitener for every trial and will be given survey dealing with its whitening effect and taste. The study also delimits the banana peel to be the only fruit used as an ingredient in making teeth whitener.
Significance of the Study The results of the study would benefit the following: Teeth Whitener Manufacturers. Our study will be helpful to those who want to put up inexpensive business. The sale of the teeth whitener will benefit them. They are the ones who will profit the most from this study. Students, friends and other researchers.Our study will be helpful and will serve as their reference for their research paper. This study will give them information about a Teeth Whitener Made with Banana Peel for them to conserve time working with their own research paper. Community.Our study is beneficial to the people, for them to have an idea on making their homemade teeth whitener which is cheaper, and for them to enjoy the convenience of the whitening effect of the product and eventually can be their source of income if they would like.
Definition of Terms
The following terminologies were further defined by the researchers for a better understanding of the research documentation: A. Conceptual
Banana Peel –the skin of a banana (especially when it is stripped off and discarded) Glycerine –is a neutral, sweet-tasting, colourless, thick liquid which freezes to a gummy paste and which has a high boiling point.It is also highly "hygroscopic" which means that it absorbs water from the air. Pumice Flour – a cleaning and polishing agent for dental prophylaxis used in conjunction with standard prophylaxis procedures. Hydrogen Peroxide –(H2O2) is the simplest peroxide (a compound with an oxygen-oxygen single bond). It is also a strong oxidizer. Whitening Ability – the capability to make or become white or whiter, especially by bleaching. Taste – the sense that distinguishes the sweet, sour, salty, and bitter qualities of dissolved substances in contact with the taste buds on the tongue. Texture –The disposition of the several parts of any body in connection with each other, or the manner in which the constituent parts are united.
B. Operational
Banana Peel – the principal ingredient which is known for its many uses including whitening ability Glycerine – is especially prevalent in toothpastes; it is used to make paste creamy and it sweetens at the same time. It serves as humectant which retains water Pumice Flour – served as the abrasive of our product. It is also a dental polishing agent which removes plaque from teeth which is termed polishing action. Hydrogen Peroxide - is used as a bleach or cleaning agent. It contributes in the whitening ability together with the banana peel and is suggested to be a part of the whitening paste by many online articles. Whitening Ability – the capability to make teeth whiter in the span of 2 (two) weeks. Taste – it tells the effectiveness of the teeth whitener in terms of taste Texture – The appearance and feel of the teeth whitener in the mouth
Chapter II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter contains information gathered from different external resources that provided the researchers with exhaustive review of the topic and necessary background knowledge to pursue the study. Related Studies
Banana (Musa Acuminata) Peel, a tropical plant skin commonly found in the Philippines is said to have many uses and one of them is its ability to whiten teeth. According to www.ehow.com, “to make homemade teeth whitener, one will need baking soda, hydrogen peroxide, flavourings and may use one of the following: banana peel, orange peel, strawberries or limes ”. Another study posted in the same site says that “by rubbing the inside of banana peel for about 2 minutes will whiten your teet h because of the manganese and magnesium present on it”. Another study by www.dental-health-oral-hygiene.factoidz.com says that “Rub the inside of a banana peel across your teeth. This treatment is mild enough to use daily and some people have reported seeing whiter teeth within a week of using this treatment daily.”
Conceptual Literature
Many studies and articles about banana peels have been done. Written on those are the benefits, uses and nutritional values of banana peels itself. According to www.facecarebook.com, “banana peels contain many beneficial vitamins and minerals like potassium, calcium, vitamin D, magnesium and manganese. These act as natural tooth whitening, tooth enamel and promote stronger teeth.” As with “www.facecarebook.com”, the website “www.teethwhiteningtipsrevealed.net” states that, “banana peels is dentist approved natural whitening method and one of the easiest way to avoid side effects in using such chemically processed teeth whitening products”. Additionally, www.themedguru.com says “it appears to be safe, non -toxic, and cheap solution.” These related articles support the study of Group 4 of IV-Philippians, Cavite Christian School. The researchers use this as their base to proceed with their current research. Research Literature
Numerous projects and researches concerning the different uses of banana peel have been done as well. The researchers of Group 4 look upon these studies as references and sources of further and additional facts. Some government-related websites have published in their own sites some subject about banana peel. Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry (EJAFChe) by the Benue State University Department of Chemistry, Brazil, have cited that banana peel contains high amounts of Manganese which is necessary for bone growth and reproduction. It also states that “banana peel is good in maintaining white tooth enamel”. Other food experiments and recipes can be found on privately
owned sites like www.dungz.com, which refers to it as a “natural, healthier and cheaper alternative to the commercially processed teeth whiteners”. Synthesis
The researchers have gathered and collected different articles, studies and literature which are found relevant to the current study, concerning the use of banana peel as a potent ingredient of teeth whitener. The researchers find the articles objective and unbiased and the most recent and related they can have. These have motivated the researchers to pursue the goal of their study and invent a teeth whitener made from banana peel. These will serve as the base reference for the researchers’ study. The said articles will be synthesized and used in comparison with the current study at the end of the research.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, the procedures itself, the sampling process, and the statistical tool employed in the treatment and analysis of data.
Research Design The Researchers of Group 4 used both Experimental and Descriptive methods of research in this study. According to Gay (1976), the only method of research that can truly test hypotheses is Experimental Method, and is therefore used as one of the framework of this study. Several hypotheses must be verified and can only be verified through experimentation and application of conceptual and theoretical framework to the whole scale of research process. On the other hand, Descriptive Method described by Wilson (1987) being the survey design as involving population based on the gathered data from a sample drawn from them, thus this method will be used final stages of the study, which involves sampling and surveying with the finished product for every trial. The specific designs used were Single Group Design for Experimental Method and Survey for Descriptive Method.
Population, Sampling, and Respondents of the Study The respondents of the research were sampled among the whole population of Cavite Christian School’s High School Department, School Year 2011 -2012. There were a total of thirty (30) respondents wherein fourteen (14) of which are males and the remaining sixteen (16) are females. The respondents were chosen through systematic sampling, which is the best random sampling design because no constraint is imposed and every member of the population has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. In this way the researchers can gather responses from different angles, resulting to a more unbiased and more accurate data.
Research Instrument Questionnaire is the major research instrument used in the study. According to Good, the questionnaire is a list of planned, well written questions related to the particular topic, with space provided for indicating the response to each question, intended for submission to a number of persons for reply. The respondents must answer the questionnaire, which is composed of the respondent’s Name,
Year
and
Section, and three rows of criteria, namely Whitening Ability, Taste, and Texture, with their corresponding number for rating beside. Each respondent can answer the questionnaire by shading their rate of choice from one (1) to five (5), with five (5) being the highest and one (1) being the lowest. The specific values are: five (5) – excellent; four (4) – very good; three (3) – good; two (2) – fair and; one (1) – poor. Each of which will be given ample time to answer the questionnaire, before the interpretation of data.
Procedure Trial 1: Banana Peel Teeth Whitening Paste
For the first set of product, the researchers used the following ingredients: six (6) banana peels; two (2) tablespoon of glycerine; twenty (20) drops of flavouring; one (1) cup of pumice flour; four (4) tablespoon of sweetener; one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and; two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide. The researchers have performed the following instructions to complete the first set. Get the inner part (white) of the banana peels using a knife. Pound it until its fine. Oven the mashed banana peels for ten (10) minutes then grind it afterwards to get a powdery substance. In a mixing bowl, mix the banana peel powder together with one (1) cup of pumice flour, two (2) tablespoon of glycerine, twenty (20) drops of flavouring, four (4) tablespoon of sweetener, one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide. Continuously mix it until it becomes paste-like substance and pour it on a container afterwards. The researchers, together with the respondents, evaluated the product and found it not presentable. It also has a strong after-taste of pumice flour.
Trial 2: Banana Peel Teeth Whitening Paste
For the second set of product, the researchers used the following ingredients: eight (8) banana peels; two (2) tablespoon of glycerine; twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring; one (1) cup of pumice flour; five (5) tablespoon of sweetener; one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and; two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide.
The researchers have performed the following instructions to complete the first set. Get the inner part (white) of the banana peels using a knife. Using a blender, blend the white part of banana peels for five (5) minutes until it becomes puree-like. In amixing bowl, mix the banana peel puree together with one (1) cup of pumice flour, two (2) tablespoon of glycerine, twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring, five (5) tablespoon of sweetener, one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide. Continuously mix it until it becomes paste-like substance and pour it on a container afterwards. The researcherstogether with the respondents found out that blending the banana peels improved the appearance of the product and adding sweetener improved its taste. However, a mild after-taste of the pumice flour is still present. Trial 3: Banana Peel Teeth Whitening Paste
For the third set of product, the researchers used the following ingredients: ten (10) banana peels; two (2) tablespoon of glycerine; twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring; one (1) cup of pumice flour; six (6) tablespoon of sweetener; one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and; two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide. The researchers have performed the following instructions to complete the first set. Get the inner part (white) of the banana peels using a knife. Using a blender, blend the white part of banana peels for five (5) minutes until it becomes puree-like. In a mixing bowl, mix the banana peel puree together with one (1) cup of pumice flour, two (2) tablespoon of glycerine, twenty-five (25) drops of flavouring, six (6) tablespoon of sweetener, one (1) teaspoon of cinnamon powder and two (2) tablespoon of hydrogen peroxide. Continuously mix it until it becomes paste-like substance and pour it on a container afterwards.
The researchers together with the respondents found out that this trial is the best and is exact in terms of taste. The researchers also included more banana peels to improve the whitening ability.
Statistical Analysis
The researcher uses the formula
for the interpretation of gathered data to get the weighted mean of the respondent’s responses, wherein: - weighted mean - summation
f
- degree
x - no. of response within a certain degree n - total no. of respondents Obtained Weighted Mean Equivalents: 1
-
(1.00-1.50)
-
Excellent
2
-
(1.51-2.49)
-
Very Good
3
-
(2.50-3.49)
-
Good
4
-
(3.50-4.49)
-
Fair
5
-
(4.50-5.00)
-
Poor
CHAPTER IV DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents the answer to the specific problems earlier raised in the study.
GRAPH I RESPONDENTS’ PROFILE
A. According to age
AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS
12 y/o 13 y/o 14 y/o 15 y/o 16 y/o
The pie graph shows that, out of 30 respondents, 1 student or 3.33% is 12 years old, 8 students or 26.67% are 13 years old, 9 students or 30% are 14 years old, 11 students or 36.67% are 15 years old and 1 student or 3.33% is 16 years old.
GRAPH II RESPONDENTS’ PROFILE
B, According to Gender
GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS
53.33%
46.67%
Male Female
The pie graph shows that, out of 30 respondents, 16 or 53.33% are females and 14 or 46.67% are males.
GRAPH III RESPONDENTS’ PROFILE
B. According to Year Level
YEAR LEVEL OF THE RESPONDENTS
33.33%
33.33%
First Year Second Year Third Year
33.33%
The pie graph shows that, out of 30 respondents, 10 or 33.33% are first year students, 10 or 33.33% are second year students and 10 or 33.33% are third year students.
A. According to Gender
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: Table I Whitening Ability
5 (EXCELLENT)
4 (VERY GOOD)
3 (GOOD)
2 (FAIR)
1 (POOR)
AVERAGE
MALE
10
4
0
0
0
4.71
FEMALE
11
6
0
0
0
4.63
TOTAL
21
9
0
0
0
4.7
Table I shows how male and female respondents respond to the product’s Whitening Effect of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of males in the last trial is 4.71 out of 5; the average rating of female in the last trial is 4.63 out of 5, and; the average rating of both males and females combined in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5.
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: Table II Taste
5 (EXCELLENT)
4 (VERY GOOD)
3 (GOOD)
2 (FAIR)
1 (POOR)
AVERAGE
MALE
10
4
0
0
0
4.71
FEMALE
11
5
0
0
0
4.69
TOTAL
21
9
0
0
0
4.7
Table II shows how male and female respondents respond to the product’s Taste of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of males in the last trial is 4.71 out of 5; the average rating of female in the last trial is 4.69 out of 5, and; the average rating of both males and females combined in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5.
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: Table III Texture
5 (EXCELLENT)
4 (VERY GOOD)
3 (GOOD)
2 (FAIR)
1 (POOR)
AVERAGE
MALE
11
3
0
0
0
4.79
FEMALE
8
8
0
0
0
4.5
TOTAL
19
11
0
0
0
4.63
Table III shows how male and female respondents respond to the product’s Texture of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of males in the last trial is 4.79 out of 5; the average rating of female in the last trial is 4.5 out of 5, and; the average rating of both males and females combined in the last trial is 4.63 out of 5.
B.According to Year Level Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: Table I Whitening Ability
5 (EXCELLENT)
4 (VERY GOOD)
3 (GOOD)
2 (FAIR)
1 (POOR)
AVERAGE
7
3
0
0
0
4.7
2 Year
10
0
0
0
0
5.0
3rd Year
4
6
0
0
0
4.4
TOTAL
21
9
0
0
0
4.7
1st Year nd
Table I shows how the respondents by year level responded to the product’s Whitening Ability of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of 1 st Year students in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5; the average rating of 2nd Year students in the last trial is 5 out of 5;the average rating of 3 rd Year students in the last trial is 4.4 out of 5 and; the average rating of all the year levels combined in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5.
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: Table II Taste
5 (EXCELLENT)
4 (VERY GOOD)
3 (GOOD)
2 (FAIR)
1 (POOR)
AVERAGE
7
3
0
0
0
4.7
2 Year
9
1
0
0
0
4.9
3rd Year
5
5
0
0
0
4.5
TOTAL
21
9
0
0
0
4.7
1st Year n
Table II shows how the respondents by year level responded to the product’s Taste of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of 1 st Year students in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5; the average rating of 2
nd
Year students in the last
trial is 4.9 out of 5;the average rating of 3 rd Year students in the last trial is 4.5 out of 5 and; the average rating of all the year levels combined in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5.
Effectiveness of Teeth Whitener Made of Banana Peel in terms of: Table III Texture
5 (EXCELLENT)
4 (VERY GOOD)
3 (GOOD)
2 (FAIR)
1 (POOR)
AVERAGE
7
3
0
0
0
4.7
2 Year
9
1
0
0
0
4.9
3rd Year
3
7
0
0
0
4.3
TOTAL
19
11
0
0
0
4.63
1st Year n
Table III shows how the respondents by year level responded to the product’s Texture of the final trial. The table shows the following facts: the average rating of 1
st
Year students in the last trial is 4.7 out of 5; the average rating of 2 nd Year students in the last trial is 4.9 out of 5;the average rating of 3 rd Year students in the last trial is 4.3 out of 5 and; the average rating of all the year levels combined in the last trial is 4.63 out of 5.
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter includes the summary, findings,conclusions and recommendations of a study. Summary
Having pearly white teeth has always been a part of a person’s per sonal grooming. Those who want to have white teeth use chemically – based products and are unaware of its disadvantages and possible side effects. For this reason, the researchers of Group IV of IV-Philippians from Cavite Christian School, were motivated to create a cheaper and healthier alternative. The researchers’ main goal is to make a Teeth Whitening Paste Made of Banana Peel which is usually left over and taken as waste. The researchers then performed three trials, wherein each of which with varying proportions of banana peel to perfect the alternative product, with the objective of having a finished product after the third trial by the end of the alotted time. After each trial, the products were brought to a survey upon thirty (30) respondents sampled systematically from the whole student population of Cavite Christian School’s Highschool Department. After eve ry gathering of data, it was analyzed, interpreted and compared to the results of other trials. At the end of the study, the researchers have proven the effectivity of Teeth Whitening Paste Made of Banana Peel in terms of : Whitening Ablity, Taste, and Texture.
Conclusion
The researcher of Group IV conclude the following statements based on the gathered data from the sample population. Banana peel is really effective in terms of whitening ability. Based from the gather ed data, it has helped in making the most of respondents’ teeth whiter which accounts to the component that it has. The Teeth Whitener made of Banana Peel is also effective in terms of taste and texture. The researchers found out that the abrasive use has its aftertaste so in order to suit the preferences of the respondents, the researchers added flavoring which includes its sweetener and eucalyptus to add its minty taste. These flavorings does not alter the whitening capability of the paste but only improves its taste and texture. Overall, the Teeth Whitener made of Banana Peel is efficient in the objectives the researchers want to achieve. The researchers of Group IV proved that the above statements are true. Recommendation
The researchers recommend the Teeth Whitening Paste Made of Banana Peel as an alternative to commercially processed teeth whitening products made of different chemicals. Our study will benefit manufacturers, entrepreneurs, future researchers, and the community and it can be a source of income in the future. We also suggest the use of different fruits like orange, strawberry and lime for making teeth whitening paste.
Bibliography { Needs Editting *_*}
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Anonymous.(2012).Whitening Teeth. Natural Whitening Teeth., fromhttp://naturalwhitenin gteeth.org/ Anonymous.(2010).Tips for Teeth Whitening and Freshen Your Breath. I Dental Hub – Leading Dental Consultation., from
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whitening-and-freshen-your-breath-516.aspx Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry (EJAFChe) by the
Benue State University Department of Chemistry, Brazil
Questionnaire
