Recopilacion de Leyes de Indias, antecedentess y aportaciones peruanas

LA RECOPILACIÓN DE LEYES DE INDIAS Y SUS ANTECEDENT ANTECEDENTES ES – RECOPILACIONES PERUANAS HASTA EL SIGLO XVII

Dedicatoria El pres presen ente te trab trabaj aj  es !e!" !e!"#a #a! ! a n$es n$estr trs s pa!res% &er'ans ( seres )$er"!s% )$e s"e'pre ns &an ap(a! en #a!a ''ent !e n$estras *"!as% ense+,n!ns #n s$ *asta e-per"en#"a ( s$ #'pa+.a )$e el al#an/ar $n bjet"*% $na 'eta% $n s$e+ re)$"ere !e la perse*eran#"a ( la 0$er/a para p!er l$#&ar ( al#an/ar ell1 De!" De!"#a #a! ! ta'b ta'b"2 "2n n a n$e n$estr strss !#e !#ent ntes es%% en espe es pe#" #"al al al 341 341 R5'$l 5'$l  3ar 3ar# #ss )$e% )$e% # #n n s$ !e!"#a#"5n en la nble labr !e la !#en#"a% ns 4$.a ( ap(a en n$estra real"/a#"5n #' 0$t$rs pr0 pr0es es" "nal nales es !e la #a #arr rrer era a !e Dere Dere#& #&% % para para #ntr"b$"r #n la j$st"#"a !e n$estr )$er"! pa.s1

HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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LA RECOPILACIÓN DE LEYES DE INDIAS Y SUS ANTECEDENTES – RECOPILACIONES PERUANAS HASTA EL SIGLO XVII

Agradecimientos: A D"s% a n$estras 0a'"l"as ( a n$estrs seres )$er"!s% #n la 0$er/a ( 0e )$e ns !an para p!er l4rar n$estras 'etas ',s nbles1

ÍNDICE

Contenido PRESENTACIÓN 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111117


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INTRODUCCIÓN1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111119 LA RECOPILACIÓN DE LEYES DE INDIAS Y SUS ANTECEDENTES RECOPILACIONES PERUANAS HASTA EL SIGLO XVII 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111: A. OBJETO DE ESTUDIO1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111: B. TEMA DE DESARROLLO111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111: PRIMEROS INTENTOS DE COORDINACIÓN DEL DERECHO INDIANO: 111111111111:

1.•

El Derec! c"#$ell"%! e% I%&'"# 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111;

•

El Derec! re"l &e C"#$'ll" e% I%&'"# 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111;

(.•

,.-

EL )CEDULARIO DE PUGA* Y LAS ORDENAN+AS DE TOLEDO111111111111111111<= TOLEDO Y LA JUNTA MAGNA 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111<< EL CÓDIGO OVANDINO Y EL CEDULARIO DE ENCINAS: 111111111111111111111111111<8

ANTECEDENTES DE LA RECOPILACION DE INDIAS  ORDENAN+AS DE DESCUBRIMIENTOS NUEVA POBLACION Y PACI/ICACIÓN DE INDIAS 11111111111<8 •

0.•

EL PROCESO DE LA RECOPILACIÓN DE 12311111111111111111111111111111111111111111<> EL HALLA+GO DE LA RECOPILACIÓN DE LEÓN PINELO 11111111111111111111111111<>

4.-

LA RECOPILACIÓN EN 12311111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111<9

.-

M5RITOS Y DE/ECTOS DE LA RECOPILACIÓN11111111111111111111111111111111111111116=

•

9.-

L!# c!6e%$"r'!# " l" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e 123 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111116< LAS COMPILACIONES PERUANAS DE ESCALONA Y BALLESTEROS1111111166

CONCLUSIONES11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111168

?"bl"4ra0.a11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 68

PRESENTACIÓN


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INTRODUCCIÓN Dr"%$e l" E&"& M!&er%" e#7";!l" #e "% #ce&'&! l"# rec!7'l"c'!%e# &e le". L" '%?e%$e 7r!&cc'8% le?'#l"$'@" er" %" &e l"# c"#"# =e &""% l?"r "l '%el&'le 6e%e#$er &e lle@"r " c"! %" #'#$e6"$'"c'8% &el Derec! 6e&'"%$e c8&'?!# =e 7#'e#e% !r&e% el'6'%"#e% "%$'%!6'"# < c!%l'c$!# < HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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#!re $!&! &'er"% " c!%!cer l" %!r6"$'@" @'?e%$e e% !r6" &e % c!%%$! !r&e%"&! < c!ere%$e. U%" 7r!le6$'c" < %" %ece#'&"& =e $!&"@>" !< 7e&e% #e%$'r#e e% c'er$!# c"#!# 6< @'?e%$e#. E#$!# c8&'?!# %! #!l! %!# &"% %" '&e" cl"r" &e c86! er"% l"# %!r6"# &e l" F7!c" re#c"$"&"# e% 6c!# c"#!# &el !l@'&! ! el &e#c!%!c'6'e%$! ! &e c86! #e "r$'cl"" l" #!c'e&"& =e l"# cre8 < 7"r" l" =e #e cre"r!% < c86! #e !r?"%'"" l" A&6'%'#$r"c'8% &e l" F7!c" ! " =F cl"#e &e 7r!le6"# c!%l'c$!# ! %ece#'&"&e# &""% re#7e#$" ! "l '% < "l c"! =F $'7! &e c!%&c$"# 6"%"# @e%>"% " re?l"r #'%! =e c!%#$'$ 6'#6!# 7e# '67!r$" c86! < 7!r =F #e el"!r"r!% 7er! "&e6# '%$ere#" el e#ce%"r'! e% el =e e#$"# !r"# #e "ll"% @'?e%$e# 7er6'$'F%&!%!# "%"l'"r # "lc"%ce re"l < l"# c!%#ece%c'"# #!c'"le# < r>&'c"# &e # 7r!6l?"c'8%. L" %ece#'&"& &e l"# rec!7'l"c'!%e# @'e%e &"&" 7!r el 7r!le6" &e %" le?'#l"c'8% #6"6e%$e c"#>#$'c" e# &ec'r c"r"c$er'"&" 7!r 7r!6l?"r le&'c" "l "cer #e%$'r l" %ece#'&"& &e %" #'#$e6"$'"c'8% 6e&'"%$e % cer7! &e le!&! &e 7r!" H'#7%'c". S!% e#!# 7r!" c!% l" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e Le

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&e l"# 7'e"# =e &'#e6'%"&"# 7!r el &'l"$"&! 7er>!&! rec!7'l"$!r'! !r6"% %" 7"r$e &el c!67le! 7le =e c!%#$'$&'c! '%&'"%!. De $!&"# e#$"# 7'e"# l"# rec!7'l"c'!%e# &e 140( 149, 1, < 123 #!% el %er@'! &e l" le?'#l"c'8% &e I%&'"#: l"# 7r'6er"# !r&e%"%"# &e 140( < 149, 7"r" re?l"r l" c!%='#$" &e l!# $err'$!r'!# e% A6Fr'c" l" &e 1, 7!r re#l$"r e% l! =e #e " lle?"&! " ll"6"r el "%$e7r!
LA RECOPILACIÓN DE LEYES DE INDIAS Y SUS ANTECEDENTES RECOPILACIONES PERUANAS HASTA EL SIGLO XVII A. OBJETO DE ESTUDIO


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El !e$! &e e#$&'! &e e#$e $r""! e# e%!c"6'e%$! e% l" '#$!r'" r>&'c" &e l" cre"c'8% &e l"# Le&'c" l"# c!l!%'"# &e E#7";" e% A6Fr'c" < 7!#$er'!r6e%$e !$r"# 7"r$e# &el 6%&! 7er! &e 6"%er" #'?%''c"$'@" e67e"%&! e% l!# 7r'6er!# l!# V'rre'%"$!# e% A6Fr'c" V'rre'%"$! &e Ne@" E#7";"MF'c! < V'rre'%"$! &el PerK L" 6"&'c! 'r6e el c"l 7&'e#e "er 6e!r"&! l!# &'@er#!# 7%$!# &e "&6'%'#$r"c'8% e% l"# c!l!%'"# $"le# c!6! "&6'%'#$r"c'8% #$'c'" 6'%er>" ec!%!6>" c!6erc'! e$c. Per! el 6"'c" " l!# %"$'@!# =e "'$"% l"# $'err"# "6er'c"%"#. U#"%&! &'ere%$e# 6ec"%'#6!# $"le# c!6! l" e@"%?el'"c'8% c!%6'%"%&! " l" #!r&'%"c'8% "l re< &e E#7";" "%=e l"# '%$e%c'!%e# &e l!# r'#$"# e#7";!le# e% l!?r"r %" &!6'%"c'8% 7"c''c" %! #ce&'8 c!6! #e e#7er"" l"# r"!%e# er!% &'@er#"#. Per! "% "#> !r6"% %" 7'e&r" 6# e% " "#e &e l" !r6"c'8% &el cer7! r>&'c! &e %e#$r! 7"># c"%&! e#$e &'! el 7"#! &e #er 7"r$e &e % '67er'! c!l!%'"l " #er % e#$"&! #!er"%! < l're. B. TEMA DE DESARROLLO 1.- PRIMEROS INTENTOS DE COORDINACIÓN DEL DERECHO INDIANO: L" 7r'6er" $e%$"$'@" &e c!!r&'%"c'8% &e l"# le" $e%'&! % c"rc$er 7"r$'cl"r'#$" < e#7ec''c!. E% e#$!# &!c6e%$!# r>&'c!# #e $r"$" &e &" %'!r6'&"& "l 7r!ce#! &e l" c!%='#$" < &e l" c!l!%'"c'8% e% #6" &e &'c$"r el c8&'?! &!c$r'%"r'! < 7r!ce#"l &e l" !r" &e C"#$'ll" e% A6Fr'c". Re@el"% ell!# "&e6# c!6! =e&" &'c! l" $e%&e%c'" ce%$r"l'"&!r" &e l" C!r!%" &'#'6l"&" e% l!# 7r'6er!# $'e67!# &e l" C!%='#$" Gr"% 7"r$e &e l"# &'#7!#'c'!%e# c!%$e%'&"# e% e#$!# &!c6e%$!# =e&"r!% '%c67l'&"#. A&e6# l" C!r!%" e &'c$"%&! %" "%&"%$e le?'#l"c'8% 7"r" !r?"%'"r el c!67le! 6ec"%'#6! &e l"# c!l!%'"# <" e% 7r!?re#'@! %c'!%"6'e%$!. Sr?'er!% e%$!%ce# l"# 7r'6er"# $e%$"$'@"# &e rec!7'l"c'!%e# &e%$r! &e l!# ?r"%&e# @'rre'%"$!# cre"&!# e% A6Fr'c" Ne@" E#7";" 7!#$. MF'c! < el PerK.

< el"pe II !e Espa+a B<>6@<>;: lla'a! el Pr$!enteF% !$rante s$ re"na! Espa+a lle4 a s$ ',-"' ap4e1 HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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El Derec! I%&'"%! %"c'8 !r6"l6e%$e $re# 6e#e# < 6e&'! "%$e# &e =e Cr'#$8"l C!l8% "r7"r" &el 7er$! &e P"l!# e% # 7r'6er @'"e &e &e#cr'6'e%$!. Y c"#' #e'# 6e#e# "%$e# &e =e "rr'"r" " l" '#l" &e G"%""%>. S cer$''c"&! &e %"c'6'e%$! er!% l"# C"7'$l"c'!%e# &e S"%$" /e ec"&"# el 19 &e "r'l &e 10(. E% ell"# < e% l!# &!c6e%$!# &e#7"c"&!# e% l!# &>"# #ce#'@!# el Al6'r"%$e < l!# Re&'c"# c!% l"# c"le# #e '" " ?!er%"r % 6%&! "K% &e#c!%!c'&!: El Ne@! M%&!. E% c"%$! "l &erec! e F#$" %" e$"7" &e )e%#"c'l &e #er re?l"&" 7!r el &erec! &e C"#$'ll". A#> " ?!l7e < 7!rr"! #e e !r6"%&! el Derec! I%&'"%!. Per'!&''c"r el Derec! I%&'"%! e# $"re" &'>c'l " c"#" &e # c"rc$er c"#>#$'c! < e#7ec'"l c!6! &'>c'l e# $r"$"r &e c!67re%&er e% $!&" # c!67le'&"& l"# c'rc%#$"%c'"# =e 7re#'&'er!% el &e#"rr!ll! &e l" l"!r c!l!%'"&!r" &e E#7";" e% A6Fr'c". S'% e6"r?! #'?'e%&! ## l'%e"6'e%$!# ?e%er"le# #e 7e&e% 7rec'#"r $re# ?r"%&e# 7er'!&!#. E#$!# #!%: A. U%" 7r'6er" e$"7" &e !r6"c'8% =e ""rc" &e#&e l"# C"7'$l"c'!%e# &e S"%$" /e "#$" l"# re!r6"# &e J"% &e O@"%&! 10(-1491 B. U%" #e?%&" e$"7" &e c!%#!l'&"c'8% =e #e e$'e%&e &e#&e l"# re!r6"# !@"%&'%"# "#$" l" 7r!6l?"c'8% &e l" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e l"# Le&'c": l" celer"c'8% &e %e?!c'!# r>&'c!# &e $!&! ?F%er!: c'@'le# c!6erc'"le# ! 6'%er!# l" #ce#'8% 7!r c"#" &e 6er$e l"# ?"r&"# &e l!# 6e%!re# e '%c"7"ce# l" c!6'#'8% &e &el'$!# < ## 7e%"# "#> c!6! l!# 7r!ce&'6'e%$!# "%$e l" &'c"$r" c'@'l ! cr'6'%"l. T!&! e#$! #e r'?e c"#' ecl#'@"6e%$e 7!r el Derec! c"#$ell"%! 6# ! 6e%!# "&"7$"&! " A6Fr'c" e% "l?%!# c"#!# 7!r l" c!#$6re ! l" le< '%&'"%" < c!67le6e%$"&! 7!r el Derec! c!6K%. El Derec! re"l &e C"#$'ll" e% I%&'"# L" le?'#l"c'8% c"#$ell"%" "7l'c"&" e% I%&'"# < 7!r $"%$! '%c!r7!r"&" "l &erec! '%&'"%! e#$e c!67e#$" 7r'%c'7"l6e%$e 7!r $re# ?r"%&e# cer7!# r>&'c!# c<" 7rel"c'8% #e '"


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e% l"# Le&'c" =e c!67re%&e $!&! el Derec! &e l" F7!c" &e#&e el ecle#'#$'c! < 7!l>$'c! "#$" el &e c!%$r"$!# < !l'?"c'!%e# ?"r&"# < #ce#'!%e# 7r!ce#"l c'@'l 7e%"l < 7r!ce#"l 7e%"l. L" e&'c'8% !'c'"l 6# c"l''c"&" &e l"# P"r$'&"# &"$" &e 1444 < e# !r" &e !$r! ?r"% r'#$" =e e "&e6# c!%#eer! &e I%&'"# Gre?!r'! L87e 10-143. L87e ";"&'8 "l $e$! %" ?l!#" ! c!6e%$"r'! =e "&='r'8 ?r"% "$!r'&"&. De'&! "l c!%$e%'&! 7"rc'"l &el re#$! &e l" le?'#l"c'8% =e #!l! $r"$" &e 6"$er'"# 6< &e$er6'%"&"# l"# P"r$'&"# c!6! cer7! ?e%er"l &e Derec! er!% e% l" 7r"c$'c" el &e 6"# !r&'%"r'" "7l'c"c'8% $"%$! e% C"#$'ll" c!6! e% I%&'"#. L" le?'#l"c'8% re"l &e C"#$'ll" #e rec!7'l8 7!r 7r'6er" @e e% l"# Or&e%"%"# Re"le# &e C"#$'ll" &e 1020 < 7!r #e?%&" @e e% l" Ne@" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e 149. E% ell" #e '%cl&'c" c"#$ell"%". E#$" lle?" " # "7!?e! e% el #'?l! XVI. Se e7!%e% < c!6e%$"% l"# le
6 Las Le(es !e Tr !e <>=> sn el res$lta! !e la a#t"*"!a! le4"slat"*a !e ls Re(es Cat5l"#s% ja!a tras la '$erte !e la Re"na Isabel #n #as"5n !e la re$n"5n !e las Crtes en la #"$!a! !e Tr en <>=> BCrtes !e Tr% en $n #nj$nt !e :8 le(es sbre !"*ersas #$est"nes% espe#"al'ente !e Dere#& C"*"l% !ere#& s$#esr"% !ere#& 'atr"'n"al% Dere#& Pr#esal% !ere#&s reales ( !e bl"4a#"5n (% nal'ente% 'ater"as !e Dere#& Penal1 Pr'$l4a!as el @ !e 'ar/ !e ese '"s' a+ en n'bre !e la re"na $ana I !e Cast"lla1 HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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C!67"r"le c!% e#$!# $r""!# e# el =e '! el V'rre< /r"%c'#c! &e T!le&! e% el PerK. S"'&! e# =e T!le&! %! #e l'6'$8 " @'@'r e% el P"l"c'! &e L'6" #'%! =e c!% % c!r$e! &e %c'!%"r'!# r'#$"# #"cer&!$e# < 6'l'$"re# @'#'$! el $err'$!r'! &el V'rre'%"$! e%$er%&!#e &e l"# c!#$6re# &el "%$'?! I67er'! 7"r" c!%ecc'!%"r ## !r&e%"%"#. Al 6'#6! $'e67! re"l'! %" l"!r &e Rec!7'l"c'8% &e c<" r?e%c'" "l" &e %" C"r$" "l Re< e% 1497 &e e#$e 6!&!: )Las cedulas de V.M. tiene mandadas a dar para el !"iern! de estas pr!#incias es una cantidad inmensa$ %ue ser& !c'enta a(!s despu)s$ * para t!das la Indias$ est&n mu* c!n+usas * muc'as c!ntrarias unas de !tras * +ines de las Audiencia * !"ernad!res, * as- c!m! nunca +alta cedulas * pr!#isin de V.M.$ para l! %ue %uisieran. Ten! intent! de mandar 'acer ta"la de ellas * 'acerlas rec!pilar para %ue p!r la me/!r !rden se e#ite la c!n+usin * %uite la c!ntrariedad * puedan me/!r apr!#ec'ar a l!s !"ernad!res0 1rancisc! de T!led! 234567

TOLEDO Y LA JUNTA MAGNA A '%"le# &e l'! &e 142 l" J%$" M"?%" , #e re%'8 "! l" 7re#'&e%c'" < e% l" c"#" &el c"r&e%"l E#7'%!#". A&e6# &el @'#'$"&!r O@"%&! " l" J%$" "c&'er!% re7re#e%$"%$e# &e l!# &'#$'%$!# 8r?"%!# ?er%"$'@!# '#7"%!#: &el C!%#e! &e E#$"&! &el C!%#e! &e I%&'"# &el C!%#e! &e Ór&e%e# &el C!%#e! &e H"c'e%&" &el C!%#e! &e C"#$'ll" $"6'F% e#$@'er!% 7re#e%$e# rel'?'!#!# &e l"# 8r&e%e# 6'#'!%er"# < 7er#!%"e# c!% e7er'e%c'" e% l"# I%&'"#. A Kl$'6" !r" el @'rre< T!le&! l!?r8 "7l""r # @'"e 7"r" #er '%cl'&! e% l" J%$" " '% &e $!6"r 7"r$e "c$'@" e% ## &el'er"c'!%e# 7!r l! =e #e "%l"r!% l!# $>$l!# e$e%&'&!#. E% % '%!r6e 7re#e%$"&! e% "#e " l! le>&! &!% /r"%c'#c! c!%#'&er"" e%$re l!# 7r'%c'7"le# 7r!le6"# &el @'rre'%"$! 7erler! l" "l$" &e "$!r'&"& &e l" '?r" &el @'rre< '67$"le " l" l"!r &e l"# A&'e%c'"# < l!# "#%$!# reere%$e# " l" "c'e%&" re"l < " l" ?"r&'" @'rre'%"l &e%%c'"%&! l"# 'rre?l"r'&"&e# &el C!%#e! &e I%&'"#. L" J%$" &el'er8 #!re "67l'"# 6"$er'"# #c"%&! re&c'rl"# " 6'$!# ?e%er"le#. L8?'c"6e%$e el c"r&e%"l E#7'%!#" #!6e$'8 " &'#c#'8% '%'c'"l l!# $e6"# reere%$e# "l

8 UNTA 3AGNA 0r'a!a pr pet"#"5n !el Car!enal D"e4 !e Esp"n/a% el #$al ten.a #' 0$n#"5n anal"/ar ls prble'as )$e s$s#"taban en las #ln"as a'er"#anas !$rante el re"na! !e el"pe II% j$nta en la #$al se p$! *er la real"!a! ( prble',t"#a )$e #a$sarn ls #n)$"sta!res espa+les% #$(a !en$n#"a 0$e &e#&a pr el #l2r"4 espa+l L$"s S,n#&e/ a pet"#"5n !el b"sp Esp"n/aJ relata!as #n ttal #r$!e/a en el l"br Memorial sobre la Despoblación y Destrucción de las Indias 1 3t"* pr el #$al% el Re(% !e#"!"5 n'brar a $an !e O*an! #' en#ar4a! !e la #'"s"5n !e *"s"ta al Cnsej !e In!"as% #n el n e*al$ar la s"t$a#"5n ( t'ar 'e!"!as $r4entes1 HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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?!'er%! ecle#'#$'c! &e l"# I%&'"# 7"r" le?! $r"$"r el $e6" c"%&e%$e &e l"# e%c!6'e%&"# < l!# 7r!le6"# rel"c'!%"&!# c!% el c!6erc'! l" re"l "c'e%&" < ?err". El @'#'$"&!r O@"%&! &'! ce%$" &e # '%@e#$'?"c'8% e% el C!%#e! &e I%&'"# < "'r68 =e l!# 7r'%c'7"le# 7r!le6"# er"% l" &e'c'e%$e '%!r6"c'8% < el &e#c!%!c'6'e%$! &e l"# le" l! re#$"%$e. P"r" #!lc'!%"r l! 7r'6er! O@"%&! #!#$e%>" =e er" 7rec'#! &"r !r&e% " $!&!# l!# re'%!# &e l$r"6"r &e e%@'"r "l C!%#e! &e#cr'7c'!%e# rel"c'!%e# < &e6# &!c6e%$!# =e r'%&"#e% %!$'c'"# < c!%!c'6'e%$!# %ece#"r'!# 7"r" el ?!'er%! < "&6'%'#$r"c'8% &e "=ell!# $err'$!r'!# '&e"# e% l"# =e l" J%$" e#$@! &e "cer&! c!% el @'#'$"&!r. E% c"%$! "l #e?%&! 7r!le6" er" e@'&e%$e l" %ece#'&"& &e rec!7'l"r l"# cF&l"# re"le# &'c$"&"# #!re l"# I%&'"# " '% &e $er6'%"r c!% l" c!%#'8% re'%"%$e. O@"%&! l!?r8 l" c!%!r6'&"& &e l" J%$" M"?%" < "l &"r /el'7e II el @'#$! e%! " e#" 7r!7e#$" &'! l" !r&e% !r6"l &e rec!7'l"c'8% %" '%'c'"$'@" =e %! #e 6"$er'"l'"r>" #'%! "#$" 123. L" J%$" c!%cl<8 ## $"re"# " '%e# &e e#e ";! 142. Ne@"6e%$e #e 7re7"r8 l" &!c6e%$"c'8% &el @'rre< T!le&! < e% ## '%#$rcc'!%e# #e le e%c"r?"" l" eecc'8% &e l!# "cer&!# &e l" J%$". El ,3 &e %!@'e6re &e 142 &!% /r"%c'#c! &e T!le&! e %!6r"&! %e@"6e%$e @'rre< < 7re#'&e%$e &e l" Re"l A&'e%c'" l" 6'#6" ec" #e e7'&'8 l" &!c6e%$"c'8% !r&'%"r'". M'e%$r"# e#7er"" 7"r$'r " l"# I%&'"# % '67"c'e%$e &!% /r"%c'#c! 7'&'8 e% @"%! "l c"r&e%"l E#7'%!#" 7er6'#! 7"r" #er@'r e% l"# Al7"rr"# c!%$r" l!# 6!r'#c!#. Tr"# @"r'"# #e6"%"# &e 6"l $'e67! 7!r '% e% 6"r! &e 14 T!le&! "r78 "c'" l"# I%&'"#. Ce%$r'8% (314 H"< =e 6e%c'!%"r e%$re l!# c!l"!r"&!re# 7r'%c'7"le# &e T!le&! " l!# r'#$"# P!l! &e O%&er?"r&! < J"% &e M"$'e%!. L"# Or&e%"%"# &'c$"&"# 7!r T!le&! 7"r" el PerK @er#"r!% #!re l"# #'?'e%$e# 6"$er'"# e%$re !$r"# re&cc'!%e# &e '%&'!# c!rre?'&!re# ece# &e %"$r"le# re7"r$'6'e%$!# "&='#'c'8% &e 7r!7'e&"& '%6ele 7!r l!# e#7";!le# "$r'c'!%e# &e l!# c"c'=e# $r'$!# '67e#$!# e% ?e%er"l !'c'"le# re"le# c!%$"&r>" &e re%$"# 7Kl'c"# <"%"c!%"?!# 6'$"# $r""! e% l"# 6'%"# &e 7l"$" < "!?e 0 !r"e# 7l"%$"c'!%e# &e c!c" #ecl"r'"c'8% < re!r?"%'"c'8% &e l" U%'@er#'&"& &e L'6" 7r!7e#$" e% @"%! c"'l&! &e l" 6'#6" c"7'$"l re?l"6e%$"c'8% &e ## "?"# < &e # @"lle c!le?'!# !#7'$"le# < "r$e# < !'c'!# 6ec%'c!#. /e "#> c!6! T!le&! 7&! c!%cl'r # Kl$'6" 6e6!r'" "l Re< c!% l"# #'?'e%$e# 7"l"r"# 89ara 'acer muc'as parte de est! tenia V.M.$ pr!#e-das * despac'adas muc'as cedulas en a%uel rein!$ santas$ /ustas * "uenas$ mas esta"anse en l!s arc'i#!s sin e/ecutarse ni 'acerl! 'acer l!s ministr!s$ mis anteces!res, *! e/ecute las %ue +ue necesari! * pr!#e- las dem&s %ue la e:periencia me m!str! c!n#enir sin respet! ninun! a c!sas de la tierra$ sacri+icand! mi ust! * cr)dit! c!n la ente p!r cumplir c!n la !"liacin de mi car!$ c!n Di!s * V.M. * c!n l! %ue 'a"-a menester el !"iern! de a%uel rein! * la c!n#ersin *

7 A/4$e Re0eren#"a espa+la al 'etal"!e 3er#$r":=% $sa!a para la rena#"5n !e plata1 HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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p!lic-a de l!s naturales a )l * acrecentamient! de la 'aciend! de V.M. 9!r tener en cuenta c!n est!$ p!r la puntualidad %ue c!n#en-a tan c!ntra el ust! * #!luntad de l!s del rein!$ me 'icier!n tiran!$ mal cristian! * r!"ad!r$ mas nunca Di!s me 'aa "ien ni merced en )l$ ciel!$ ni V.M. en la tierra$ si el cel! %ue de e/ecutarl! * 'acer l! %ue me pareci %ue c!n#en-a me 'i;! 'acer c!sa ninuna %ue entendiese era c!ntra mi alma$ n! c!ntra l! %ue de"-a<0 1rancisc! de T!led! = 34>6 Le@'ller 1,4

,.- EL CÓDIGO OVANDINO Y EL CEDULARIO DE ENCINAS: /er" &e A6Fr'c" el 7r'6er e#er! &e rec!7'l"c'8% #e &ee " J"% &e O@"%&! Pre#'&e%$e &el C!%#e! &e I%&'"# 4. O@"%&! %! lle?! " $er6'%"r # C8&'?! ll"6"&! el C8&'?! O@"%&'%! 7er! &e#7F# &e c!%#l$"r l!# re?'#$r!# &el C!%#e! &e I%&'"# lle?! " e$r"c$"r %" #er'e &e lec$!r M"r$" " e&'$"&! e% % $!6! $"%$! el C8&'?! O@"%&'%! c!6! el Ce&l"r'! &e E%c'%"#. T!&!# e#$!# e#er!# 7!&r>"% !r6"r % 7r'6er 7er'!&! &e l" '#$!r'" &e l" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e l"# Le"% &e #er@'r 6# $"r&e. ANTECEDENTES DE LA RECOPILACION DE INDIAS  ORDENAN+AS DE DESCUBRIMIENTOS NUEVA POBLACION Y PACI/ICACIÓN DE INDIAS El &>" 1, &e l'! &e 149, /el'7e II 7r!6l?" e% el B!#=e &e Se?!@'" l"# Or&e%"%"# &e &e#cr'6'e%$!# %e@" 7!l"c'8% < 7"c''c"c'8% &e l"# I%&'"#. E# '%%e?"le el c"rc$er !@"%&'%! =e $'e%e% l"# 6e%c'!%"&"# !r&e%"%"#. Se c!67!%e% l"# !r&e%"%"# &e 102 c"7>$l!#. De ell!# #e &e&'c"% l!# 7r'6er!# ,1 " l!# &e#cr'6'e%$!# "#'?%%&!#e " l"# %e@"# 7!l"c'!%e# &e#&e el c"7>$l! ,( "l ,9 < 7!r Kl$'6! l!# c"7>$l!# '%cl'&!# e%$re el 1,9 < 102 #e &e&'c"% " re?l"r l"# 7"c''c"c'!%e#. El 6!$'@! &e # 7r!6l?"c'8% e 7!r %" 7"r$e l" '%#'c'e%c'" &e l"# '%#$rcc'!%e# < le?'#l"c'8% "%$'?" =e "#$" el 6!6e%$! #e ">"% 6"%'e#$"&! c!6! '%e'c"ce# 7"r" re#!l@er l!# 7r!le6"# =e 7l"%$e"" l" c!l!%'"c'8%. P!r !$r! l"&! re#7!%&e% "l 6!6e%$! '#$8r'c! e% =e %" @e #7er"&!# l!# '%'c'!# &e l" '%#erc'8% &e#cr'6'e%$! < c!%='#$" #e '67!%>" %" #!lc'8% 7!l>$'c" =e "r6!%'"#e l"# #!lc'!%e# c!%$r"7e#$"# =e 7l"%$e""% r'#$"# < $e8l!?!# &e l" F7!c". L" "'l'&"& 7!l>$'c" < l" 7r&e%c'" &e /el'7e II %$! c!% el $"l"%$e !r?"%'"$'@! &el Pre#'&e%$e &el C!%#e! &e I%&'"# J"% &e O@"%&! &'er!% ## r$!# e% %" #!lc'8%

> L$e4 !e &aber rer4an"/a! la "nst"t$#"5n a pet"#"5n !el Re( el"pe II1 HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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9 Un a!elanta! era $n alt !"4natar" espa+l )$e lle*aba a #ab  a!elante $na e'presa pKbl"#a pr 'an!at !e ser*"#"% #$enta ( baj !es"4n" real1 El A!elanta! es la re$n"5n $n"persnal !e a'bs #ar4s para !s t"e'ps% pa/ ( 4$erra% )$e entre tras espe#"al"!a!es l #ara#ter"/an1 S$ ran4 !e !"4n"!a! era an,l4 al !el al'"rante ant"4$% pr en#"'a Kn"#a'ente el V"rre( #$an! l &$b"era ( s"n el re(  el re"n1 Ten.a as"4na!a ( ap!era!a $na j$r"s!"##"5n terr"tr"al !en'"na!a a!elanta'"ent1 HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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'%$e?r"c'8% e% l" &'%6'c" &e l!# re7"r$'6'e%$!#. S'% e6"r?! %! &e" &e #!r7re%&er l" $Fc%'c" e67le"&": l" re$e%c'8% &e l!# '!# &e l!# c"c'=e# c!6! ree%e# 7"r" =e rec'"% l" '%#$rcc'8% rel'?'!#". E% c'er$" 6e&'&" recer&" l" %"rr"c'8% =e "ce /er%%&e &e O@'e&! c!% 6!$'@! &e l" lec$r" &el re=er'6'e%$! e% %" e7e&'c'8% " T'err" /'r6e: ?Se(!r$ paresceme %ue est!s indi!s n! %uieren escuc'ar la te!l!-a de este Re%uerimient! ni #!s tenes %uien la d) a entender, mande #uestra merced uardalle$ 'asta %ue tenam!s al@n indi! de est!s en una /aula$ para %ue despaci! l! aprenda$ e' el se(!r O"isp! se l! d) a entender. Se "7rec'". %!

!#$"%$e l" &ec'&'&" "c$'$& &e l" C!r!%" &e =e l" 7e%e$r"c'8% #e" 7"c>'c" 7"r" ell! #e $'l'"r ecl#'@"6e%$e " l!# rel'?'!#!# e% l?"re# e% =e e#$! #e" #'c'e%$e 7"r" =e %'%?%" 7er#!%" e%$!r7ec" l" c!%@er#'8% < 7"c''c"c'8%. E% el c"7>$l! 104 7er6"%ece l" '&e" &el #e;!r>! < r'#&'cc'8% %'@er#"l #!re l"# I%&'"# =e 7!#$er'!r6e%$e #e rec!?e e% l" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e 123 "#"&" %&"6e%$"l6e%$e e% l" &!%"c'8% &e l" S"%$" Se&e A7!#$8l'c" < !$r!# #$!# < le?>$'6!# $>$l!# c!% l! c"l #'% ""%&!%"r l" $e#'# &e l" c!%ce#'8% 7!%$''c'" #e $!6" $"6'F% e% ce%$" l" 7!lF6'c" 7!#$er'!r. &e V"#-M'%?! (332 0.- EL PROCESO DE LA RECOPILACIÓN DE 123 E% l" #e?%&" e$"7" &e 7re7"r"c'8% &e l"# Le" O$# " re'@'%&'c"&! l" '67!r$"%c'" "%$e# !#crec'&" &el "7!r$e &e +!r'll". El 6"$er'"l "c6l"&! e re@'#"&! 7!r R!&r'?! &e A?'"r < Ac;" c!% ='e% c!l"!r! A%$!%'! &e Le8% P'%el! A?'"r lle?! " 7l'c"r l" !r" $'$l"&" 8Sumari!s de la Rec!pilacin General de las Le*es$ Ordenan;as$ 9r!#isi!nes$ Cedulas$ Instrucci!nes * Cartas ac!rdadas %ue p!r l!s Re*es Catlic!s de Catilla se 'a pr!mulad!$ e:pedid! * despac'ad! para las Indias Occidentales$ Islas * Tierra 1irme del Mar Oc)an!0 1(2.

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@ Is'ael S,n#&e/ ?ella na#"5 el 7 !e abr"l !e <;66 en Tr!es"ls% G$a!alajara% BEspa+a es #ate!r,t"# e'2r"t !e H"str"a !el Dere#& en la Un"*ers"!a! !e Na*arra HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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&'rec$'@"# &e l"# rel"c'!%e# ec!%86'c"# e%$re l" Me$r87!l' < l"# C!l!%'"# #!re l" "#e &e % #'#$e6" &e 6!%!7!l'! &el c!6erc'! e$er'!r c!% el E#$"&! < &e l!# =e 7!&r>" ll"6"r c!% %" r"#e !< e% !?" )ec!%!6>" &'r'?'&"*. T"6'F% "< "=> &'@er#!# 7rece7$!# #!re e$r"%er!# e '%&e#e"le#. .- M5RITOS Y DE/ECTOS DE LA RECOPILACIÓN Se " 7re#e%$"&! " l"# le&'c! 7!l>$'c! #!c'"l < 7e&"?8?'c! #'% 7rece&e%$e# #"l@! el &e R!6" < c!% '%le%c'" e@'&e%$e e% ?r"% 7"r$e &e l"# le"# C"r6el! V';"# Me< Cl"&'! G"< J!#F M"r>" O$#. l$'6"6e%$e $"6'F% " e#cr'$! " e#$e re#7ec$! N'ce$! Alc"l +"6!r". L" !r" &e l!# r'#$"# 6e%c'!%"&!# "ll" el "7!6'$e. H! % ?r"% "$r"#! e% e#$" le?'#l"c'8% e% %" #er'e &e 7%$!# c!6! e% l! reere%$e " l!# l'r!# =e &e>"% 7l'c"r#e ! &'%&'r#e e% A6Fr'c" " l!# e$r"%er!# "l c!6erc'! e$c. L" le?'#l"c'8% &e I%&'" e "&e6# e%F@!l" 7"r" l!# '%&'!# 7er! !#$'l 7"r" l!# cr'!ll!#. L!# r'#$"# ">"% #'&! 6# "@e"&!# "l re#7ec$!. S!l8r"%! e% c!%$r"7!#'c'8% c!% "l?%!# e#cr'$!re# ecle#'#$'c!#. Ac!#$" 7!r ee67l! "<" &'c! =e l! '!# &e e#7";!le# %"c'&!# e% A6Fr'c" %! &e?e%er""% #'%! 7!r c!%$r"r'! #e c"r"c$er'""% 7!r %" #er'e &e 6Fr'$!# < @'r$&e# 7'&'e%&! #e le# $!6"#e e% ce%$" 7"r" l" 7r!@'#'8% &e e67le!# 7er! l" le?'#l"c'8% %! "!r&! e#$e 7r!le6". C"e 7e# "cer e#$"# $"c"# "%=e #e "% &'#cl7"%&! c!6! r$! &e l" F7!c". L" '%"7l'c"c'8% &e l" le?'#l"c'8% $@! c!%#ece%c'" %e#$"# < 6"l#"%"# c!6! 7!r ee67l! l" c!rr7c'8% &e l!# %c'!%"r'!# < l" #'$"c'8% &el '%&'! 7er! e% !$r!# c"#!# &'c" '%"7l'c"c'8% e e%F'c"# 7!r ee67l! e% c"%$! " l!# e$r"%er!# =e 'l$r"r!%#e e% A6Fr'c" l! 6'#6! e% l! reere%$e " l!# l'r!# 7e# c'rcl"r!% 6c!# =e e#$""% 7r!''&!# < e% l! =e re#7ec$" "l c!%$r""%&! =e #'?%''c! %" 6e!r" 7"r" l" @'&" ec!%86'c" &e %e#$r! c!%$'%e%$e. L!# c!6e%$"r'!# " l" Rec!7'l"c'8% &e 123 A%=e %! #e"% !e$! ce%$r"l &e e#$e $r""! re#l$" %ece#"r'! "cer 6e%c'8% 7!r # '67!r$"%c'" < 7!r e%$r!%c"r "=> %" '67!r$"%$e 7"r$e &e l" l'$er"$r" r>&'c" '%&'"%" " "l?%!# &e l!# c!6e%$"r'!# < "&'c'!%e# =e #e 'c'er!% " l" Rec!7'l"c'8% " l! l"r?! &e l!# ";!# #'?'e%$e#. T!&"@>" e% el #'?l! XVII "l lle?"r l" Rec!7'l"c'8% " L'6" el @'rre< &el PerK e%c"r?" re"l'"r c!6e%$"r'!# " J"% L'# L87e =e 7l'c"r $re# $!6!# &!# &e O#er@"c'!%e# HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO

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$e!7!l>$'c"# < !$r! &e O#er@"c'!%e# 7!l>$'c!-#"cr"# < " Pe&r! /r"##! =e "llecer 7!c! &e#7F#. Y" e% el #'?l! XVIII l" e%$r"&" &e l!# !r!%e# < l"# '&e"# &el "#!l$'#6! 'l#$r"&! &"r% l?"r " =e l" Rec!7'l"c'8% #e @e" e% c'er$! 6!&! )#!re7"#"&" 7!r l" %e@" le?'#l"c'8%* 7e#e " l! c"l )el c"6'! &e &'%"#$>" %! 7r!&! &e 6!6e%$! e% I%&'"# e% el !r&e% r>&'c! re'%"%$e l"# "l$er"c'!%e# =e 7&'er"% '6"?'%"r#e*. Ser% 6c!# l!# r'#$"# =e &r"%$e el #'?l! XVIII el"!r"r% ?l!#"# < c!6e%$"r'!# " l" Rec!7'l"c'8%. C"e 6e%c'!%"r e%$re !$r"# l" !r" &e J"% C!rr"l C"l@! &e l" T!rre !'&!r &e l" A&'e%c'" &e S"%$'"?! &e C'le $ 8C!mentaria in Leum Indiarum rec!pilati!nem0  =e c!%$'e%e c!6e%$"r'!# " $!&! el l'r! 7r'6er! < " @"r'"# &'#7!#'c'!%e# &el #e?%&! "l ='%$!. D"&" " c!%!cer "l 6!%"rc" e% 191 =e&"r>" '%"c""&" 7!r "llecer # "$!r e% 19,9. S c!%$'%"c'8% #e e%c"r?"r>" e% 1943 " T!6# &e AK" =e "llecer>" e% 1949 #'% "c""r el $r""! < 7!#$er'!r6e%$e " J!#F Perec$! &e S"l"#. H"r %e@!# '%$e%$!# &e "c$"l'"r l" Rec!7'l"c'8% el M"r=F# &e l" Re?"l>" A%$!%'! l@"re &e Are < J!#F C"r@""r < L"%c"#$er. Se lle@"r% " c"! c!6e%$"r'!# 7!r 7"r$e &e %6er!#!# !'&!re# < "!?"&!# c!6! l!# &e Pr&e%c'! A%$!%'! &e P"l"c'!# !'&!r < '#c"l &e l" A&'e%c'" &e MF'c! < le?! !'&!r &e l" &e G"$e6"l" J!#F &e Ler8% < Cer@! "!?"&! e% MF'c! J!#F &e Re"l < U?"r$e !'&!r e% l" Re"l A&'e%c'" &e C'le R"68% M"r$>%e &e R!"# "c'ller e% le l!# %!6re# &e G"#7"r &e E#c"l!%" < A?Qer! < T!6"# &e B"lle#$er!#. El r'#$" 7er"%! E#c"l!%" < A?Qer! 7l'c! e% M"&r'& e% 109 el 8Ga;!p"ilacium Reium 9eru#icum0  % $r"$"&! e% =e #'%$e$'" < !r&e%" l" le?'#l"c'8% rel"$'@" " l" H"c'e%&" 7Kl'c". El )G"!7'l'"c'6* e ree&'$"&! e% M"&r'& e% 194. T!6"# B"lle#$er!# e#7";!l 7e%'%#l"r e % %c'!%"r'! &el V'rre'%"$! &el PerK =e rec!7'l! l"# !r&e%e# eec$!r'"# 7r!@'#'!%e# < ce&l"# re"le# 7!#$er'!re# " l"# Or&e%"%"# &e T!le&! =e "?re?"&"# " e#$"# c!%#$'$
66


c!6! el %!6re &e )Or&e%"%"# &e B"lle#$er!#*. Ce%$"#e =e 7"r" e#$" l"!r. B"lle#$er!# e67le! 6# &e @e'%$e ";!# "! l" 7r!$ecc'8% &el V'rre< Melc!r &e N"@"rr" < R!c"ll D=e &e l" P"l"$". E#$"# Or&e%"%"# c!%$'e%e% $!&! el rF?'6e% le?"l &e l" C!l!%'" "#$" 6e&'"&!# &el #'?l! XVIII < er!% '67re#"# e% L'6" e% 124 c!% 7r'@'le?'!# &e '67re#'8% < &e @e%$" 7"r" el !#7'$"l &e S"% A%&rF#. C!% el 6'#6! 7r'@'le?'! er!% ree&'$"&"# e% 194(.

CONCLUSIONES


68


Bibliografía ?ernal% ?1 B6=<91 El Derecho Indiano. 3e-"# Ar#&"*s Ele#trn"#s !e la Un"*ers"!a! Na#"nal A$tn'a !e 3e-"#1 ?ra*% ?1 B<;::1 El Derecho Indiano Y sus Raices Europeas: Derecho Comun y Propio de Castilla. Sant"a4 !e C&"le E!"tr"al !el Centr !e Est$!"s H"str"#s !e la A#a!e'"a C&"lena !e la H"str"a1 Cent$r"5n% 1 B6=<>1 Ap$ntes !e H"str"a !el Dere#& Per$an% ran#"s# !e Tle!% A C"n# s"4ls !e s$ Na#"'"ent1 Revista IU% :;1 !e Vas3"n4% 31 31 B6==:1 Las Or!enan/as !e <>@8% s$s ante#e!entes ( #nse#$en#"as1 Revista de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid % :7;81 D"a/% 1 B6=<>1 El Derecho Indiano El Proceso Recopilatorio. 3a!r"! E!"tr"al !e la Un"*ers"!a! !e Cast"llaLa 3an#&a1 D"a/% 1 1 B6=<>1 El Derecho Indiano ! El Proceso Recopilatorio. 3a!r"! E!"tr"al Un"*ers"!a! Cast"llaLa 3an#&a1 Le*"ller% R1 B<;8>1 Don "rancisco de #oledo. 3a!r"! E!"tr"al Planeta1


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Recopilacion de Leyes de Indias, antecedentess y aportaciones peruanas

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