QMK COM LEVEL MATERIA 20101 PREUNIVERSITARIO

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b}xë} k yrjxg hb `jdvb}kv k ok RJ@

EKXBV@K Ok ekxbv`k bj }r hbc`j`m`ýj moë}`mk/ b} xghg k{rboog {rb yg}bb ek}k p gmryk rj ordkv bj bo b}ykm`g*

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mgeyg}`m`ýj p }r} yvgy`bhkhb}* Ykvk rj b}xrh`g eë} hbxkookhg hb ok ekxbv`k b} mgjsbj`bjxb h`s`h`vok bj skv`g} }rfx`yg}/ }bdñj }r mgeyg}`m`ýj

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mgeyg}`m`ýj mgj}xkjxb p hbc`j`hk bj xghk }r b|xbj}`ýj* Mkhk x`yg h`cbvbjxb hb }r}xkjm`k yg}bb Rjk }r}xkjm`k b} rjk cgvek hb ekxbv`k hb mgeyg}`m`ýj  yvgy`bhkhb} {rb ok} h`}x`jdrb hb gxvk* Ok} }r}xkjm`k} }b yrbhbj bj hg} dvkjhb} dvryg}1

k* ]R]XKJM@K] ]@EYOB] Mgjgm`hg} xkef`àj mgeg bobebjxg} * ]gj }r}xkjm`k} {rb jg }b yrbhbj h`s`h`v bj gxvk} ek} }`eyob} ygv ebh`g} {råe`mg}* vbyvb}bjxkj ygv }åefgog} {råe`mg}* Ok yv`ebvk obxvk hbo }åefgog {råe`mg }`beyvb b} ekpñ}mrok* K Ygv mgjsbj`bjm`k og} bobebjxg} }b vbyvb}bjxkj mgjx`jrkm`ýj }b erb}xvk rjk o`}xk mgj ko drjg} bobebjxg} {råe`mg} mgerjb}1

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Coñgv L`hvýdbjg L`bvvg Ekdjb}`g Ekjdkjb}g Ebvmrv`g

C L Cb Ed Ej Ld

J`xvýdbjg Gvg G|ådbjg Yokxk Yokx`jg Kqrcvb

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Ok xgxko`hkh hb bobebjxg} {råe`mg} }b bjmrbjxvkj gvhbjkhg} bj ok Xkfok

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Og} mgeyrb}xg} {råe`mg} }gj }r}xkjm`k} yrvk} {rb b}xëj cgvekhk} ygv hg} g ek} bobebjxg} {rb }b mgef`jkj bj yvgygvm`gjb} yvgygvm`gjb} c`ak} b `jskv`kfob}*,obp hb ok} yvgygvm`gjb} hbc`j`hk}) *Ygv babeyog/ }`j `jxbvb}kv }r gv`dbj bo kdrk b}xë cgvekhk ygv hg} ëx geg} hb l`hvýdbjg ,;;*;;") ,;;*;;") p rj ëxgeg hb g|ådbjg*,<<*<0") g|ådbjg*,<<*<0")* Kjx`drkebjxb }b ybj}kfk {rb bo kdrk bvk rj bobebjxg*

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Ok} yvgy`bhkhb} hb og} mgeyrb}xg} mgeyrb}xg} }gj h`cbvbjxb} hb ok} hb og} bobebjxg} {rb og} mgj}x`xrpbj* Ygv babeyog/ bo l`hvýdbjg p bo g|ådbjg }gj hg} dk}b} erp vbkmx`sg}/ {rb ko mgef`jkv}b/ cgvekj kdrk1 rjk }r}xkjm`k erp b}xkfob mgeykvkhk mgj og} bobebjxg} hb og} mrkob} }b gv`d`jk* Og} mgeyrb}xg} {råe`mg} yrbhbj }bykvkv}b bj }r}xkjm`k} }`eyob} ygv eàxghg} {råe`mg}*

6* EBQMOK] Ok} }r}xkjm`k} yrvk} ,bobebjxg} g mgeyrb}xg}) mgeyrb}xg}) yg}bbj rjk yvgygvm`ýj c`ak b `jskv`kfob* Ygv babeyog/ bo gvg yrvg ,hb 68 {r`okxb}) {r`okxb} )/ b} ;99" gvg p bo h`ý|`hg hb mkvfgjg ,MG6) `jhbybjh`bjxb hb }r gv`dbj b}xë cgvekhg ygv hg} ëxgeg} hb g|ådbjg p rj ëxgeg hb mkvfgjg* Rjk ebqmok b} ok rj`ýj hb hg} g eë} }r}xkjm`k} yrvk} ykvk cgvekv rj jrbsg }`}xbek bj bo mrko ok} }r}xkjm`k} ekjx`bjbj }r} yvgy`bhkhb} gv`d`jkob} p yrbhbj }bv }bykvkhk} }bykvkhk} ygv eàxghg} eàxghg} cå}`mg}** Ygv babeyog/ rjk ebqmok hb kdrk p }ko yrbhb }bykvkv}b bj }r} mgeygjbjxb} ygv  bskygvkm`ýj*

Ok mgeyg}`m`ýj hb rjk ebqmok yrbhb skv`kv , jg b} hbc`j`hk )* Rjk xkqk hb mkcà b} rj babeyog hb rjk ebqmok/ bj ok mrko ok} ok} yvgygvm`gjb} hb kdrk/ kqñmkv p mkcà skvåkj }bdñj }bdñj }bk bo dr}xg hb ok ybv}gjk/ {rb ok sk sk k xgekv* Ok} ebqmok} }gj lgegdàjbk} g lbxbvgdàjbk}* lbxbvgdàjbk}* Rjk ebqmok lbxbvgdàjbk b} k{rbook bj ok mrko }r} yvgy`bhkhb} yvgy`bhkhb} jg }gj rj`cgveb} bj xghk }r b|xbj}`ýj p yvb}bjxk eë} hb rjk ck}b* Rjk ck}b b} rjk ygvm`ýj lgegdàjbk hb ekxbv`k* Rjk ebqmok hb kdrk p kmb`xb b} rjk e bqmok lbxbvgdàjbk* Rjk ebqmok lgegdàjbk b} rj`cgveb bj xghk }r b|xbj}`ýj* Ok} }r}xkjm`k} {rb ok mgeygjbj }b h`}ybv}kj k j`sbo `ýj`mg/ kxýe`mg g egobmrokv/ hb xko cgvek {rb rjk ebqmok lgegdàjbk yvb}bjxk }gog rjk ck}b* K b}xk} e bqmok} xkef`àj }b ob} ookek }gorm`gjb}* ]gj babeyog hb }gorm`gjb}1

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Dk} Oå{r`hg ]ýo`hg Oå{r`hg Oå{r`hg ]ýo`hg

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Ok ekxbv`k yrbhb mok}`c`mkv}b bj xvb} b}xkhg} }bdñj ok} mgjh`m`gjb} hb yvb}`ýj p hb xbeybvkxrvk** Bo }`dr`bjxb mrkhvg vb}reb ok} yvgy`bhkhb} dbjbvkob} hb og} xvb} b}xkhg} hb ok ekxbv`k*

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Yg}bbj cgvek p sgorebj hbc`j`hg*

Khgyxkj ok cgvek hbo vbm`y`bjxb {rb og} mgjx`bjb p }r sgorebj b} hbc`j`hg*

]gj yvëmx`mkebjxb `jmgeyvb}`fob} * Ok h`cr}`ýj bj rj }ýo`hg gmrvvb mgj rjk b|xvbek objx`xrh*  Jg }gj cor`hg} B|`}xb rj gvhbjke`bjxg vbdrokv hb ok} ykvxåmrok} ok} mrkob} gmrykj yg}`m`gjb} c`ak} p }b bjmrbjxvkj bj mgjxkmxg/ rjk vb}ybmxg hb gxvk ,}ýo`hg mv`}xko`jg)* Ok} crbvqk} hb mglb}`ýj  yvbhge`jkj }gfvb ok} crbvqk} hb vbyro}`ýj*

]gj yvëmx`mkebjxb `jmgeyvb}`fob}* Ok h`cr}`ýj gmrvvb objxkebjxb*

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Khgyxkj ok cgvek hbo vbm`y`bjxb {rb og} mgjx`bjb p }r sgorebj jg b} hbc`j`hg* ]b mgeyv`ebj p b|ykjhbj mgj ckm`o`hkh* Ok h`cr}`ýj bj rj dk} gmrvvb vëy`hkebjxb*

]gj cor`hg}* Ok} ykvxåmrok} b}xëj hb}gvhbjkhk} p erp arjxk}/  ybvg yg}bbj rjk vb}xv`jd`hk o`fbvxkh hb egs`e`bjxg*

]gj cor`hg} Ok} ykvxåmrok} b}xëj erp hb}gvhbjkhk} p }bykvkhk}/ rjk} vb}ybmxg hb gxvk}* Yg}bbj rjk mgeyobxk o`fbvxkh hb egs`e`bjxg*

Ok} crbvqk} hb mglb}`ýj p vbyro}`ýj }gj hb ekdj`xrh mgeykvkfob*

Ok} crbvqk} hb vbyro}`ýj  yvbhge`jkj }gfvb ok} crbvqk} hb mglb}`ýj

HB B]XKHG HB OK EKXBV@K

Bj dbjbvko/ xghg b}xkhg hb ok ekxbv`k yrbhb mkef`kv k mrko{r`bvk hb og} gxvg} hg} b}xkhg} }`j {rb mkef`b ok mgeyg}`m`ýj hb ok }r}xkjm`k* Ok }`dr`bjxb c`drvk erb}xvk bo jgefvb k}gm`khg k mkhk rjg hb b}xk} xvkj}cgvekm`gjb} ookekhk} mkef`g} hb ck}b g mkef`g} hb b}xkhg*

GF]BVSKM@GJB] Ok} egoàmrok} hb rj oå{r`hg jg b}xëj c`ak} gmrykjhg yg}`m`gjb} h bc`j`hk}* Krj{rb mkvbmbj mkvbmbj hb ok o`fbvxkh xgxko hb egs`e`bjxg {rb yg}bbj ok} egoàmrok} dk}bg}k}/ b}xk} b}xëj bj mgj}xkjxb egs`e`bjxg* egs`e`bjxg* Mrkjhg ok} egoàmrok} hb rj oå{r`hg x`bjbj }rc`m`bjxb bjbvdåk ykvk b}mkykv hb ok }rybvc`m`b gmrvvb rj mkef`g hb ck}b* Ok skygv`qkm`ýj b} bo yvgmb}g bj bo mrko rj oå{r`hg }b xvkj}cgvek bj rj dk}*  Og mgjxvkv`g k ok bskygvkm`ýj b} ok mgjhbj}km`ýj* ]`j befkvdg mrkjhg og} dk}b} }b mko`bjxkj/ }b lkmbj eë} h`cåm`ob} hb o`mrkv/ ygv{rb }r} egoàmrok} yg}bbj ekpgv  bjbvdåk m`jàx`mk* Ykvk xghk }r}xkjm`k b|`}xb rjk xbeybvkxrvk ygv hbfkag hb ok mrko bo dk} jg yrbhb o`mrkv}b/ }bk mrko }bk ok yv b}`ýj kyo`mkhk* Ok xbeybvkxrvk eë} koxk bj ok {rb rjk }r}xkjm`k yrbhb b|`}x`v mgeg oå{r`hg b} }r x beybvk beybvkxrvk mvå x x `mk `mk* Ok  yvb}`ýj mvå x x`mk `  mk b} ok yvb}`ýj {rb hbfb kyo` mkv}b ykvk ogdvkv ok o`mrkm`ýj hbo dk} k ok xbeybvkxrvk mvåx`mk* Ok bskygvkm`ýj b} rj cbjýebjg hb }rybvc`m`b ygv bo mrko rj oå{r`hg }b xvkj}cgvek bj dk} k mrko{r`bv xbeybvkxrvk* Ok dk}go`jk b} rj frbj babeyog hb rj oå{r`hg {rb }b bskygvk mgj }rek ckm`o`hkh* Ok xk}k hb bskygvkm`ýj krebjxk ko krebjxkv ok kef`bjxb cvåg*

xbeybvkxrvk* Ok bskygvkm`ýj hbo kdrk b} ek} vëy`hk bj rj kef`bjxb mëo`hg {rb bj rj

Ok bfroo`m`ýj b} bo mkef`g hb ck}b hb oå{r`hg k dk} {rb x`bjb ordkv bj xghk ok ek}k oå{r`hk k yvb}`ýj p xbeybvkxrvk mgj}xkjxb* K}å/ k j`sbo hbo ekv/ bo yrjxg hb bfroo`m`ýj hbo kdrk b} hb ;99¹M ybvg ybvg bj ok m`ek hbo egjxb Bsbvb}x , 3<99 e*}*j*e* ) bo kdrk l`bvsb k 4; ¹M*

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Bo yvgmb}g ygv bo mrko ok} egoàmrok} yk}kj h`vbmxkebjxb hb }ýo`hg k skygv }b mgjgmb mgeg }rfo`ekm`ýj* Bo yvgmb}g `jsbv}g }b hbjge`jk }rfo`ekm`ýj `jsbv}k/ hbyg}`m`ýj g mgeybj}km`ýj / bj bo mrko ok} egoàmrok} vbko`qkj ok xvkj }`m`ýj h`vbmxk hb skygv k }ýo`hg* Ok jkcxko`jk/ bo komkjcgv/ bo l`bog }bmg , MG 6,}) 6,}) ) p bo pghg/ }gj }r}xkjm`k} {rb xåy`mkebjxb yrbhbj }rfo`ekv* H*

YVGY@BHKHB] HB OK EKXBV@K

Ok} yvgy`bhkhb} dbjbvkob} }gj ok} yvgy`bhkhb} mgerjb} k xghg x`yg hb ekxbv`k* Bjxvb ok} yvgy`bhkhb} dbjbvkob} yghbeg} o`}xkv k1 p p p p p

Ek}k* B|xbj}`ýj* @jhb}xvrmx`f`o`hkh* @eybjbxvkf`o`hkh* @jbvm`k*

Ok} yvgy`bhkhb} {rb ybve`xbj `hbjx`c`mkv k rjk }r}xkjm`k }b hbjge`jkj   yvgy`bhkhb} ykv x `m `mrokvb} g mkvkmx bvå} bvå}x `mk} `mk}* B}xk} }b yrbhbj h`s`h`v bj hg} dvkjhb} dvry g}1 ok} yvgy`bhkhb} {råe`mk} p ok} yvgy`bhkhb} cå}`mk}* Ok}   yvgy`bhkhb} cå}`mk} ykv x x `m `mrokvb} }gj k{rbook} {rb ybve`xbj `hbjx`c`mkv k rjk }r}xkjm`k }`j {rb b}xk mkef`b }r mgeyg}`m`ýj* Jg hbybjhbj hb ok mkjx`hkh hb ekxbv`k* ]gj yvgy`bhkhb} cå}`mk}1 Yrjxg hb bfroo`m`ýj Yrjxg hb cr}`ýj Fv`oog Sgokx`o`hkh

Mgogv Hrvbqk Hrmx`f`o`hkh Ekobkf`o`hkh

Mgjhrmx`s`hkh boàmxv`mk Mgjhrmx`s`hkh xàve`mk S`}mg}`hkh Hbj}`hkh

Ok} yvgy`bhkhb} {råe`mk} }gj k{rbook} {rb ybve`xbj ybve`xbj mkvkmxbv`qkv k rjk }r}xkjm`k p }b yrbhbj sbv`c`mkv sbv`c`mkv }gog }` h`mlk }r}xkjm`k mkef`k }r mgeyg}`m`ýj* B}xk} yvgy`bhkhb} xkeygmg hbybjhbj hb ok mkjx`hkh hb ekxbv`k* ]b yrbhbj m`xkv og} }`dr`bjxb} babeyog} mgeg yvgy`bhkhb} {råe`mk} hb rjk }r}xkjm`k1 Bo komglgo b} mgefr}x`fob* Bo }gh`g vbkmm`gjk s`gobjxkebjxb s`gobjxkebjxb xgjbo kdrk* Bo l`bvvg }b g|`hk mgj ckm`o`hkh* Bo cý}cgvg fokjmg kvhb b}ygjxëjbkebjxb bj bo k`vb* Og} ëm`hg} }b jbrxvko`qkj mgj ok} fk}b}* Bo q`jm hb}yokqk ko l`hvýdbjg mrkjhg }b mgef`jk mgj bo ë m`hg mogvlåhv`mg* p p p p p p

Ok} yvgy`bhkhb} Ok} yvgy`bhkhb} {råe`mk} p cå}`mk} m kvkmxbvå}x`mk} }gj yvgy`bhkhb} `jx bj}`sk} bj}`sk}* B}xk} yvgy`bhkhb} ybve`xbj `hbjx`c`mkv k rjk }r}xkjm`k/ jg hbybjhbj hb ok mkjx`hkh hb ekxbv`k p jg dgqkj ok yvgy`bhkh hb ok kh`x`s`hkh* Ok}  yvgy`bhkhb} b| x bj}`sk} bj}`sk} hb rjk }r}xkjm`k hbybjhbj hb ok mkjx`hkh hb ekxbv`k p dgqkj hb ok yvgy`bhkh hb ok kh`x`s`hkh* Ok ek}k p bo sgorebj }gj yvgy`bhkhb} b|xbj}`sk} hb ok ekxbv`k* B* Rj

MKEF@G]

CÅ]@MG] P [RÅE@MG]

mkef`g g cbjýebjg cå}`mg/ b} rj mkef`g {rb ob gmrvvb k ok ekxbv`k }`j {rb }b koxbvb ok mgeyg}`m`ýj hb ok e`}ek*

]gj babeyog} hb mkef`g} cå}`mg}1 Ok h`okxkm`ýj hb og} ebxkob}* Ok bskygvkm`ýj hbo komglgo Ok cr}`ýj hbo gvg* Ok xv`xrvkm`ýj hb rjk y`bhvk* Ok }rfo`ekm`ýj hbo l`bog }bmg* p p p p p

Rj mkef`g g cbjýebjg {råe`mg/ b} rj mkef`g {rb ob gmrvvb k ok ekxbv`k/ bj bo mrko }b egh`c`mk ok b}xvrmxrvk `jxbvjk hb ok ekxbv`k p mkef`k }r mgeyg}`m`ýj/ b} hbm`v/ }b cgvekj jrbsk} }r}xkjm`k}/ }r}xkjm`k}/ mrpk} yvgy`bhkhb} }gj h`cbvbjxb} k ok} hb ok} }r}xkjm`k} gv`d`jkob}* ]gj babeyog} hb mkef`g} {råe`mg}1 Ok mgefr}x`ýj hb ok dk}go`jk* Ok mgvvg}`ýj hb og} ebxkob}* Ok cbvebjxkm`ýj hbo s`jg* Ok h`db}x`ýj hb og} ko`ebjxg}* Bo gykmkhg hb rjk egjbhk* p p p p p

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Og} mkef`g} jrmobkvb} koxbvkj ok mgeyg}`m`ýj mgeyg}`m`ýj hb og} jñmobg} kxýe`mg}* B}xg} yvgmb}g} k ebjrhg b}xëj kmgeykûkhg} kmgeykûkhg} hb o`fbvkm`ýj hb xvbebjhk} mkjx`hkhb} hb bjbvdåk* Bj rj yvgmb}g jrmobkv1 p p p p

Og} bobebjxg} yrbhbj mgjsbvx`v}b bj gxvg} jrbsg}* B}xëj `eyo`mkhk} ok} ykvxåmrok} hbo j ñmobg kxýe`mg* Ok sbogm`hkh mgj ok {rb gmrvvb ok vbkmm`ýj jg hbybjhbj hb ckmxgvb} b|xbvjg} mgeg yvb}`ýj g xbeybvkxrvk* Ok} vbkmm`gjb} hb c`}`ýj jrmobkv vbyvb}bjxkj mkef`g} jrmobkvb}

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Fkml* @jdbj`bvåk Ybxvg{råe`mk Rj`sbv}`hkh Jkm`gjko hb @jdbj`bvåk O`ek » Y » Ybvñ 69;9

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