@npubsbi \bscni jbf`nsfbs tnrabmbp pnebybibi CDM Wufba [b`ct \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue
\WO\O[BE ]AN[C[
Mcsusui oena
HBMEC WOGGS BF[WCZB [.`nm 7<<3<2<7<<23
FBDC[]NW FBIBDNFNI] W^FBA [B@C] ^ICXNW[C]B[ F^ABFFBMCSBA SODSB@BW]B 7<2<
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Gbg C
\nimbaueubi B. Ebtbr Gneb`bid Wufba [b`ct Mbnrba \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue fnrupb`bi rufba sb`ct `nebs G Ioi \nimcmc`bi mbi fnrupb`bi rufba sb`ct fcec` pnfnrcitba mbnrba `bgupbtni Gbitue. Jufeba tnibdb pnr ;2 Mnsnfgnr 7<<4 sngbiyb` =<2 tnrmcrc mbrc ;>2 \I[/K\I[ mbi >< \]] snmbid pnr ;2 mnsnfgnr 7<<1 jufeba tnibdb sngbiyb` =<2 tnrmcrc mbrc \I[/K\I[ ;;= tnibdb `oitrb` >1 mbi tnibdb pbrt-tcfnr 3. Fbsbeba utbfb sngbdbc snguba enfgbdb jbsb pnebybibi `nsnabtbi bmbeba gbiyb`iyb pnsbcid. Oena `brnib ctu, Wufba [b`ct \binfgbabi \ binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue mctuitut uitu` snebeu fnijbdb `npnrkbybbi `oisufni mnidbi fnicid`bt`bi `ubectbs pnebybibi bdbr `npubsbi `oisufniiyb fnicid`bt. \cab` rufba sb`ct pnreu snkbrb knrfbt fninitu`bi `ngutuabi `oisufni sngbdbc upbyb uitu` fnfniuac `ncidcibi mbi fnicid`bt`bi `npubsbi btbs pnebybibi ybid mcgnrc`bi. Fnijbeci auguidbi mbi fneb`u`bi pninectcbi tnrabmbp fnrn`b pnreu mceb`u`bi bdbr pnebybibi ybid mcgnrc`bi snsubc mnidbi ybid mcabrbp`bi. Abe ciceba ybid mcsngut orcnitbsc pbmb `oisufni. Jbf`nsfbs bmbeba prodrbf gbitubi soscbe uitu` pnebybibi `nsnabtbi gbdc fbsybrb`bt fcs`ci mbi tcmb` fbfpu. \rodrbf cic mcsneniddbrb`bi snkbrb ibscoibe bdbr sugscmc scebid mbebf rbid`b fnwujum`bi pnebybibi `nsnabtbi ybid fniyneurua gbdc fbsybrb`bt fcs`ci. Fniurut Mnpbrtnfni @nsnabtbi Wnpugec` Cimoinscb (7<<1) prodrbf jbf`nsfbs pbmb mbsbriyb bmbeba upbyb pniynfpuribbi prodrbf bs`ns`ci ybid tneba gnrjbebi = tbaui `aususiyb mbebf abe `ntnpbtbi sbsbrbi(Fu`tc, 7<<1). Fniurut Fumrbjbm @uikoro jufeba pnimumu` fcs`ci mc `bgupbtni gbitue pbmb tbaui 7<<1 bmbeba >4.>;3 @@ btbu sn`ctbr 7;,2;% mbrc jufeba wbrdb gbitue, jufeba cic sumba turui jc`b mc gbimcid`bi mnidbi tbaui sngneufyb, ybctu tbaui 7<<4 mnidbi jufeba `neubrdb fcs`ci 84,>13 @@ btbu sn`ctbr 71,22%. [nmbid`bi pninrcfb `brtu jbf`nsfbs mc `bgupbtni gbitue pbmb tbaui 7<<1 bmbeba 777.314 ` brtu (Icfpuio, 7<<1).
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jufeba pbscni rbwbt cibp ybctu =.87; jcwb btbu sn`ctbr ;<% mbrc 2>.2=1 pbscni ybid fnijbebic rbwbt cibp. \bmb tbaui 7<<1 `uijuidbi pbscni `n CDM mc rufba sb`ct pbinfgbabi sniopbtc gbitue sngbiyb` 28.;28 jcwb, fnmumu`c jufeba tnrgbiyb` `n 7 sntneba poec pniyb`ct mbebf ybid fnimbpbt `uijuidbi sngbiyb` 7>.874, mnidbi totbe sneurua `uijuidbi `n rufba sb`ct pbinfgbabi sniopbtc gbitue sngbiyb` 227.<83 snebfb tbaui 7<<1 (W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc, 7<<1).
G. \nrufusbi Fbsbeba Mnidbi tciddciyb jufeba wbrdb fcs`ci mbi pninrcfb `brtu jbf`nsfbs mc`bgupbtni gbitue, mbi judb tciddciyb tcid`bt `uijuidbi mc CDM Wufba [b`ct \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue fnrupb`bi pneubid gbdc rufba sb`ct, mc sbfpcid ctu fuikueiyb rufba sb`ct-rufba sb`ct mc `bgupbtni gbitue ybid fninrcfb pbscni jbf`nsfbs fnrupb`bi snguba bikbfbi ybid pnreu mcpnrabtc`bi. @npubsbi pbscni tnrabmbp pnebybibi rufba sb`ct fnrupb`bi sbeba sbtu `ofpoini uitu` fnicid`bt`bi eoybectbs pbscni tnrabmbp rufba sb`ct, bdbr pbscni tcmb` gnrpcimba rufba sb`ct. Gnrmbsbr`bi ebtbr gneb`bid tnrsngut, fb`b rufusbi fbsbeba mbebf pninectcbi cic sngnrbpb gbc` pnebybibi mc CDM Wufba [b`ct \binfgbabi [niopbtc gbitue snaciddb mbpbt fnfubs`bi pbscni mbi `neubrdb pbscni ybid mbpbt fnicid`bt`bi eoybectbs pbscni tnrabmbp rufba sb`ct pbinfgbabi sniopbtc gbitue.
K. @nbsecbi \ninectcbi \ninectcbi tnitbid pnidbrua `ubectbs pnebybibi tnrabmbp `npubsbi pnebiddbi tneba gbiyb` mceb`u`bi sngneufiyb tntbpc pbmb pninectcbi `bec cic, pninectc cidci fninectc tnitbid pnidbrua `ubectbs pnebybibi CDM tnrabmbp `npubsbi pnebiddbi ybid fnidduib`bi `brtu jbf`nsfbs mc rufba sb`ct pbinfgbabi sniopbtc gbitue, `brnib Cistbebsc Dbwbt Mbrurbt fnrupb`bi ebybibi ecic pnrtbfb mbi ebybibiiyb gu`b sntcbp sbbt ybid sbidbt fnfpnidbruac kctrb rufba sb`ct.
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2. Fnid`bjc mbi fnidbibecscs pnidbrua `ubectbs pnebybibi CDM tnrabmbp tcid`bt `npubsbi pbscni Jbf`nsfbs mc W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue. 7. Fnid`bjc mbi fnidbibecscs hb`tor-hb`tor ybid gnrpnidbrua tnrabmbp `npubsbi pbscni Jbf`nsfbs mc CDM W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue.
N. Fbihbbt \ninectcbi Bmbpui fbihbbt pninectcbi ybid mbpbt mcpnroena mbrc pninectcbi cic mctuju`bi gbdc gngnrbpb pcab` sngbdbc gnrc`ut: 2. Gbdc pninectc [ngbdbc sybrbt prodrbf stumy [7 fbdcstnr fbibdnfnit rufba sb`ct uicvnrsctbs fuabffbmcyba yodyb`brtb. 7. Gbdc pninectc ebci Absce pninectcbi cic mcabrbp`bi mbpbt fnijbmc gbabi uitu` pninectcbi ybid engca ebijut mbebf rbid`b fnicid`bt`bi `npubsbi pnebiddbi. ;. Gbdc rufba sb`ct Absce pninectcbi cic mcabrbp`bi mbpbt fnijbmc gbabi uitu` fnicid`bt`bi pnebybibi duib fnicid`bt`bi `npubsbi pnebidd bi.
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GBG CC ]CIJB^BI \^[]B@B
B. Jbsb Jbsb pbmb ufufiyb fnfcec`c `brb`tnrcstc` ybid gnrgnmb jc`b mcgbimcid`bi mnidbi gbrbid. Bdbr mbpbt fnfbabfc pnrgnmbbi tnrsngut, fb`b b`bi mcjnebs`bi tnengca mbaueu fnidnibc pnidnrtcbi. @otenr mbi Brfstroid (2338:88<) fnimnhcicsc`bi jbsb bmbeba tcimb`bi btbu fbihbbt ybid mctbwbr`bi oena subtu gbmbi usbab `npbmb pcab` ebci ybid gnrschbt tcmb` tnrwujum mbi tcmb` fnidabsce`bi `npnfcec`bi snsubtu. \romu`sciyb mbpbt gnrauguidbi mnidbi promu` hcsc` btbupui tcmb`. [nmbid`bi \byin (7<<<:1) fnidnfu`b`bi
jbsb
bmbeba
―subtu
`ndcbtbi
ybid
fnfcec`c
gngnrbpb
uisur
`ntb`gnrwujumbi ybid gnrauguidbi mnidbiyb, fnecgbt`bi gngnrbpb citnrb`sc mnidbi `oisufni btbu mnidbi propnrtc mbebf `npnfcec`biiyb, mbi tcmb` fnidabsce`bi trbishnr `npnfcec`bi‖. G. @npubsbi pnebiddbi @npubsbi pneniddbi fnrupb`bi subtu tcid`btbi mcfbib `ngutuabi, `ncidcibi mbi abrbpbi mbrc pnebiddbi mbpbt tnrpnicac ybid b`bi fnidb`cgbt`bi tnrjbmciyb pnfgnecbi uebid btbu `nsntcbbi ybid gnrebijut g nrebijut (Gbim, 2332). Hb`tor ybid pbecid pnitcid uitu` fnikcptb`bi `npubsbi `oisufni bmbeba `cinrjb mbrc bdni ybid gcbsbiyb mcbrtc`bi mnidbi `ubectbs mbrc bdni tnrsngut (Fowni, 233>). Fniurut ]jcptoio (2334:7=) `npubsbi btbu `ntcmb`pubsbi pnebiddbi bmbeba rnspoi pnebiddbi tnrabmbp nvoeusc `ntcmb`snsubcbi (mcskcihcrfbtcoi (mcskcihcrfbtcoi)) ybid mcrbsb`bi bitbrb abrbpbi sngneufiyb mbi `cinrjb b`tube promu` ybid mcrbsb`bi gbawb pbmb pnrsbcidbi ybid snfb`ci `ntbt cic, snfb`ci gbiyb` promusni ybid tnrecgbt mbebf pnfniuabi `ngutuabi mbi `ncidcibi `oisufni snaciddb abe cic fniyngbg`bi sntcbp gbmbi usbab abrus fninfpbt`bi orcnitbsc pbmb `npubsbi pnebiddbi sngbdbc tujubi utbfb, bitbrb ebci
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Fniurut mnpbrtnfni `nsnabtbi rnpugec` cimoinscb (7<<1) prodrbf jbf`nsfbs pbmb mbsbriyb bmbeba upbyb pniynfpuribbi prodrbf bs`ns`ci ybid tneba gnrjbebi = tbaui `aususiyb mbebf abe `ntnpbtbi sbsbrbi. Mbrc nvbeubsc pneb`sbibbi prodrbf bs`ns`ci snjb` tbaui 7<<> sbfpbc 7<<4, tnrmbpbt gngnrbpb `nenfbabi ybid fniyngbg`bi prodrbf cic gneuf gnrjbebi optcfbe snaciddb sbidbt fnimnsb` uitu` mceb`u`bi ebid`ba pniynfpuribbi. \nrsobebi ctu tnr`bct mnidbi bspn` `npnsnrtbbi, pniyneniddbrbbi, pnebybibi mbi pnimbibbi. Mbrc scsc `npnsnrtbbi pnimbtbbi sbsbrbi fcs`ci gneuf tuitbs. B`cgbtiyb pnreu bmb soeuscisnfnitbrb fnidduib`bi `brtu ybid mcfcec`c snpnrtc surbt `ntnrbidbi tcmb` fbfpu ([@]F), jbrcidbi pnidbfbi soscbe, `brtu snabt mbi ebci-ebci ybid snfubiyb rbwbi pniybebaduibbi mbrc scsc pnebybibi, rufba sb`ct gneuf fneb`u`bi `nimbec futu pnebybibi mbi `nimbec gcbyb ybid gbc`. Mcsbfpcid ctu vnrchc`bsc tcmb` optcfbe snaciddb pnfgbybrbi `ebcf tnrebfgbt (Fu`tc, 7< <1). M. Cistbebsc Dbwbt Mbrurbt Cistbebsc dbwbi mbrurbt bmbeba sbeba sbtu gbdcbi mc rufba sb`ct ybid fniynmcb`bi pnibidbibi bwbe gbdc pbscni ybid fnimnrctb sb`ct mbi knmnrb, ybid mbpbt fnidbikbf `nebidsuidbi acmupiyb. [bbt tcgb mc ^DM, pbscni gcbsbiyb fnijbebic pnfcebabi tnrengca mbaueu, bibfinscs uitu` fnfgbitu fninitu`bi schbt mbi `npbrbabi `npbrbab i pniyb`ctiyb.\nimnrctb ybid tnr`nib pniyb`ct snrcus b`bi engca snrcid fnimbpbt vcsctn oena mo`tnr mbrcpbmb fnrn`b ybid pniyb`ctiyb tcmb` gndctu pbrba. [ntneba pnib`scrbi mbi pnibidbibi bwbe, pbscni gcsb fbsu` `n gbidsbe W[, mcstbgce`bi mbi btbu mcpcimba`bi `n W[ ebci `brnib gnrgbdbc bebsbi, btbu mcpuebid`bi. @ngbiyb`bi ^DM gu`b 7= jbf, fns`c pbmb fbebf abrc jufeba stbh ybid bmb mc sbib b`bi engca snmc`ct ([ebfnt, 7<<3). CDM ybid fnrupb`bi kost knitnr , pnreu mc`nfgbid`bi fnijbmc subtu ^ict Gcsics [trbtndcs, ybctu uict pnebybibi `nsngbtbi cimnpnimni ybid mbpbt mc`neoeb sngbdbc subtu sbtubi gcsics tnrsnimcrc, bdbr mbpbt fnijbmc rnvniun knitnr ybid fnidabsce`bi prohct gbdc Wufba [b`ct ([bstrbwcibtb, 2331).
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@ubectbs \nebybibi \bscni
@brb`tnrcstc` \bscni
Wbwbt Jbebi
^fur, jnics `nebfci, sufgnr gcbyb, mcbdiosb 2. \nebybibi mo`tnr
pniyb`ct, pn`nrjbbi,
(fnmcs)
pnimbpbtbi, pnimcmc`bi,
7. \nebybibi pnrbwbt (pbrbfnmcs)
su`u gbidsb, tnfpbt tciddbe, stbtus nr` nr`bwci bwcib bi b bfb mbi
b. @nbimbebi (rnecbgcecty ( rnecbgcecty ) g. @ntbiddbpbi
\nrsnpsc \bscni
(rnspoiscininss) rnspoiscininss) k. @nyb`cibi (koihcmnikn (koihcmnikn))
@npubsbi \bscni Wbwbt Jbebi
Dbfgbr 2. @nrbid`b ]norc
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GBG CCC FN]OMOEODC \NINEC]CBI
B. Mnsbci \ninectcbi \ninectcbi cic fnrupb`bi ogsnrvbscoibe mnidbi rbikbidbi pninectcbi kross snktcoibe G. ]nfpbt mbi Tb`tu \ninectcbi cic mceb`u`bi mc CDM W[. \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue pbmb guebi bdustus 7<2<. K. \opuebsc mbi [bfpne \opuebsc mbebf pninectcbi cic bmbeba pbscni CDM mc W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue. Jufeba pbscni CDM mc W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue tcbp abrciyb bmbeba sn`ctbr 2<< pbscni. Gnrmbsbr`bi mbtb tnrsngut fb`b pbmb pninectcbi cic mcduib`bi sbfpne >< pbscni. ^itu` fnidbitcscpbsc tnrjbmciyb mrop out rnspoimni fb`b mctbfgba 2<%, jbmc jufeba sbfpne bmbeba >> rnspoimni.
\nidbfgcebi sbfpne pbmb pninectcbi cic
mcrnikbib`bi tnrabmbp sneurua pbscni Jbf`nsfbs mc CDM W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue ybid fnfniuac `rctnrcb sbfpne uitu` pbscni guebi Bdustus 7<2<.
M. Xbrcbgne \ninectcbi Xbrcbgne mbebf pninectcbi cic tnrmcrc mbrc vbrcbgne gngbs, vbrcbgne tnrdbituid. 2. Xbrcbgne gngbs
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Mbhtbr \ustb`b
Fu`tc B. D., 7<<1, [cstnf Jbfcibi @nsnabtbi : @oisnp Mnsnitrbecsbsc ]nrcitndrbsc. Sodyb`brtb. Fbdcstnr @ngcjb`bi \nfgcbybbi mbi Fbibjnfni Bsurbisc @nsnabtbi Hb`uetbs @nmo`tnrbi ^icvnrsctbs Dbjba Fbmb. Abe : 8>,84. W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc Gbitue., 7<<1, Ebporbi ]bauibi 7<<1 W[^M \binfgbabi [niopbtc, \nfnrcitba @bgupbtni Gbitue, abe : 23, 7<, 7>. @uikoro F,. 7<<1, \cmbto Abrc ^ebid ]baui @bgupbtni Gbitue `n-241, Gbitue. Icfpuio M. [., 7<<1, Mbhtbr \ninrcfbbi Mcstrcgusc @brtu Jbf`nsfbs @bgupbtni Gbitue 7<<1. Gbitue. @otenr, \acecp bim Dbry Brfstroid, 2338, \rcikcpens Oh Fbr`ntcid , [nvnita Nmctcoi, Citnribtcoibe Nmctrcoi, \rnitckn Abee, Cik., Nidenwoom Kechhs, Inw Jnrsny. \byin, Bimrcbi, 7<<<, \nfbsbrbi Jbsb (]an Nssnikn oh [nrvckn Fbr`ntcid), ]nrjnfbabi Hbimy ]jcptoio, Nmcscs 2, Knt.2, Sodyb`brtb, Bimc. Gbim, Tceecbf B, 2332, Krnbtcid vbeun hor kustofnr: Mnscdicid bim Cfpenfnitbtcoi b ]otbe Korporbtn [trbtndy, [trbtndy, Joai Tbeeny bim [ois Cik, Kbibmb. Fowni, Joai K, 233>, Koisufnr gnabvcor , \rnitckn Abee, Cik, Nidenwoom Kechhs, Inw Jnrsny, Citnribtcoibe Nmctcoi. ]jcptoio, Hbimy, 2334, [trbtndy \nfbsbrbi, pninrgct: Bimc ohhsnt, Nmcsc @nmub, Kntb`bi \nrtbfb, Sodyb`brtb. [bstrbwcibtb. ^. [., [trbtndc \nidnfgbidbi Cistbebsc Dbwbt Mbrurbt Wufba [b`ct Cffbiune Gbimuid Fnijbmc ^uict Gcsics [trbtndcs ^itu` Fnfnibid`bi
