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Autu Autu igb igb Fop Fopug ugsg sgb b poj pojgb gbcc ccgb gb Fopugsgb pgsdob porju id fotgnud fgrobg aorupgfgb egcdgb igrd autu
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pojgygbgb egcd pgsdob. [rmcrga pobdbcfgtgb autu dbtorbgj igpgt idjgfufgb iobcgb aotmio igb tofbdf ygbc idpdjdn idtotgpfgb mjon sotdgp ruagn sgfdt, adsgjbyg eoregsds ro=do imfuaob, rofga aoids, guidt aoids, pgtdobt sg:oty, mesor mesor=g =gsd sd fdbor fdborhg hg fjdb fjdbds ds gtgu gtgu gg ggblg blgrg rg// fuos fuosdm dmbo borr iobcg iobcgb b stg: stg: igb igb pojgbccgb. [rmcrga pobdbcfgtgb autu ofstorbgj igpgt idjgfufgb aojgjud gfroidtgsd, K igb jgdb"jgdb (#opfos, 5;;-e). Fopugsgb Fopugsgb aorupgfgb aorupgfgb fososugdgb gbtgrg hgsg ygbc id tordag tordag iobcgb hgsg ygbc idngrgpfgb. ?dfg ngrgpgbbyg torjgapgud agfg pojgygbgb torsoeut idrgsgfgb soegcgd autu pojgygbgb ygbc diogj igb sgbcgt aoaugsfgb. ?dfg ngrgpg ngrgpgb b sosu sosugd gd iobcg iobcgb b pojgy pojgygb gbgb gb ygbc ygbc idto idtord rdag ag agfg agfg autu autu pojg pojgyg ygbgb bgb aoau aoaugs gsfg fgb b igb igb hdfg hdfg ngrg ngrgpg pgbby bbygg tdigf tdigf torp torpob obund und pgig pgig pojgy pojgygbg gbgb b ygbc ygbc idtordag agfg autu pojgyggb furgbc aoaugsfgb ([grgsurgagb ot gj , $%-&). 'gbccgpgb pojgbccgb torngigp fdborhg pojgygbgb ygbc idtordag, egdf pugs gtgu tdigf pugs porju hucg id ufur, ido=gjugsd, igb id tdbigf jgbhutd. #gtg aobcobgd fopugsgb pojgbccgb igpgt idpormjon igrd eoregcgd suaeor, gbtgrg jgdb iobcgb sur=odjgb fopugsgb pojgbccgb (Fmobthmrm, 5;;). [grgsurgagb ($%%;) aobcoaegbcfgb & idaobsd ubtuf pobdjgdgb autu pojgygbgb ygbc idfgdtfgb iobcgb fopugsgb pgsdob igb eor:mfus pgig gspof :ubcsd :ubcsd igrd prmsos prmsos pojgygbgb pojgygbgb,, ygdtu ygdtu $) tgbcdejos, tgbcdejos, ygdtu eorupg uhui gtgu tgap tgapdj djgb gb prmiu prmiuf f ygbc ygbc aojd aojdpu putd td fugjd fugjdtg tgss :dsd :dsdf, f, fugjd fugjdtg tgss porg porgjg jgtg tgb b igb forgpdngb forgpdngb pobgapdjgb potucgsE potucgsE 5) rogjdedjdty, rogjdedjdty , ygdtu foagapugb aoaeordfgb pojgygbgb sosugd iobcgb ygbc idhgbhdfgb, edsg idgbigjfgb i dgbigjfgb igb gfurgt aojdputd 7;
folopgt folopgtgb gb pojgygb pojgygbgb, gb, fotopgt fotopgtgb gb pojgyg pojgygbgb bgb igb fojgblg fojgblgrgb rgb pojgyg pojgygbgbE bgbE 0) rospmbsdvoboss, rospmbsdvoboss,
ygdt ygdtu u
foa foagapu gapugb gb pdng pdngf f
poae poaeor ordg dgb b
pojg pojgyg ygbg bgb b
ubtu ubtuf f
aoaegbt aoaegbtu u aorosp aorospmb mb foeutun foeutungb gb gtgu gtgu fodbcd fodbcdbgb bgb fmbsua fmbsuaobE obE ) gssurgblo, gssurgblo, gigbyg hgadbgb igb fopgstdgb ygbc aoblgfup pobcotgnugb igb fotrgapdjgb potucgs, fosmpgbgb igb forgagngb sortg foagapugb potucgs ubtuf aoae aoaegb gbcfd cfdtf tfgb gb fopor foporlgy lgyggb ggb igb igb foygfd foygfdbg bgb b pgsd pgsdobE obE &) oapgtny, oapgtny, ygdt ygdtu u fosoid fosoidggb ggb ubtuf ubtuf poiujd poiujd,, hga forhg forhg pojgyg pojgygbgb bgb ygbc ygbc jmbccgr jmbccgr igb aoaeor aoaeordd porngtdgb prdegid fopgig pgsdob. [ub (5;;;) aobhojgs aobhojgsfgb fgb egng gig & idaobs idaobsdd autu autu ygbc ygbc igpgt igpgt idpgfgd ubtuf aobdjgd fopugsgb rospmbiob igjga aobordag pojgygbgb igrd sugtu sugtu dbstdt dbstdtusd usd poaeor poaeordgb dgb pojgygb pojgygbgb gb ygdtu ygdtu fobygag fobygagbgb bgb ubtuf ubtuf aojgfuf aojgfufgb gb gfsos gfsos,, jugr jugrgb gb pojgy pojgygbg gbgb, b, jdbc jdbcfub fubcgb cgb,, pord pordjg jgfu fu fgry fgryg ggb gb,, igb igb prms prmsoi oiur ur pojgygbgb (Fmobthmrm, 5;;). 5 . $ .0
?gafosags Aobur Aoburut ut poima poimagb gb pojg pojgfs fsgb gbgg ggb b hgaf hgafosa osags gs,, hgad hgadbg bgb b Foso Fosong ngtg tgb b
Agsygrgfgt Agsygrgfgt gtgu ?gafosags ?gafosags gigjgn prmcrga prmcrga egbtugb egbtugb smsdgj smsdgj ubtuf pojgygbgb foso fosong ngtg tgb, b, egcd egcd agsy agsygr grgf gfgt gt adsf adsfdb db igb igb tdig tdigf f agap agapu. u. [rmc [rmcrg rga a dbd dbd idsojobccgrg idsojobccgrgfgb fgb solgrg bgsdmbgj, bgsdmbgj, gcgr torhgid torhgid suesdid suesdid sdjgbc sdjgbc igjga rgbcfg aouhuifgb pojgygbgb fosongtgb ygbc aobyojurun, egcd agsygrgfgt adsfdb (#opfos, 5;;-l). Aoburut Aoburut iopgrtoaob iopgrtoaob fosongtgb fosongtgb ropuejdf ropuejdf dbimbosdg dbimbosdg (5;;-) prmcrga hgafosags pgig igsgrbyg gigjgn upgyg pobyoapurbggb prmcrga gsfosfdb ygbc tojgn eorhgjgb tgnub fnususbyg igjga ngj fotopgtgb sgsgrgb. #grd 77
o=gjugs o=gjugsdd pojgfs pojgfsgbgg gbggb b prmcrg prmcrga a gsfosf gsfosfdb db sohgf sohgf tgnub tgnub 5;;& 5;;& sgapgd sgapgd 5;;, 5;;, torigpgt eoeorgpg fojoagngb ygbc aobyoegefgb prmcrga dbd eojua eorhgjgb mptdagj sondbccg sgbcgt aobiosgf ubtuf idjgfufgb jgbcfgn pobyoapurbggb. [orsmgjgb dtu torfgdt iobcgb gspof foposortggb, pobyojobccgrggb, pojgygbgb igb pobigbggb. #grd sdsd foposortggb pobigtggb sgsgrgb adsfdb eojua tubtgs. fdegt fdegtbyg byg porju porju gig smjusd smjusd soaobt soaobtgrg grg aobccub aobccubgfgb gfgb fgrtu fgrtu ygbc ygbc idadjd idadjdfd fd soportd soportd surgt fotorgbcgb fotorgbcgb tdigf agapu (F'A), (F'A), hgrdbcgb hgrdbcgb pobcgagb pobcgagb smsdgj, smsdgj, fgrtu fgrtu songt songt igb jgdb"j jgdb"jgdb gdb ygbc ygbc soaugby soaugbygg rggb rggb pobygjg pobygjgncu ncubggb bggb igrd igrd sdsd sdsd pojgygbgb, ruagn sgfdt eojua aojgfufgb fobigjd autu pojgygbgb igb fobigjd edgyg ygbc egdf. #dsgapdbc dtu =ord:dfgsd tdigf mptdagj sondbccg poaegygrgb fjgda torjgaegt (Auftd, 5;;-). 5.$. 5.$.
bst bstgj gjgs gsdd gg ggtt #gru #grurg rgtt
bstgjgsd cggt igrurgt gtgu dbstgjgsd rggt igrurgt gigjgn sugtu toapgt gtgu egcdgb ruagn sgfdt ygbc aojgygbd pgsdob ygbc tdeg"tdeg eorgig igjga fogigg fogiggb b cggt cggt gtgu gfgb gfgb aobhg aobhgid id cgg cggtt igb igb torg torgblg blga a
byg byggby gbygg gtgu gtgu
gbccm gbccmtg tg egig egigbby bbygg gfgb gfgb aobh aobhgid gid lglgt lglgt edjg edjg tdigf tdigf aobigp aobigpgt gt port portmj mjmb mbcgb cgb solopgtbyg. [rmcrga :ubcsd pobgbccujgb cggt igrurgt eortuhugb aoblocgn foagtd foagtdgb gb igb lglgt lglgt pgig pobior pobiordtg dtg cggt cggt igrurg igrurgtt sondbc sondbccg cg igpgt igpgt ndiup ndiup soegcgdagbg aostdbyg. !pgyg pojgygbgb aoidf pgig pobiordtg cggt igrurgt pgig igsgrbyg aoblgfup autu rgbcfgdgb focdgtgb ygbc idfoaegbcfgb
75
soioa soioadf dfdg dgb b rupg rupg sond sondbc bccg cg agap agapu u aoblo aoblocg cgn n foag foagtd tdgb gb gtgu gtgu lglgt lglgt ygbc ygbc aoaubcfdbfgb torhgid (#opfos, 5;;0).
bstgjgsd rggt igrurgt aorupgfgb pdbtu coregbc utgag ruagn sgfdt ygbc aoaeor aoaeordfg dfgb b pojgyg pojgygbgb bgb 5 hga fnususby fnususbygg egcd egcd pgsdob pgsdob ygbc igtgbc igtgbc igjga fogiggb cggt igb gtgu igrurgt ( [F! Aungaagidygn 4maembc, 5;$;).
3origsgrfgb 3origsgrfgb poimagb :gsdjdtgs :gsdjdtgs dbstgjgsd dbstgjgsd cggt igrurgt ruagn sgfdt fojgs 1 ygbc idtoredtfgb idtoredtfgb mjon iopgrtoaob fosongtgb ropuejdf ropuejdf dbimbosdg, dbimbosdg, grog dbstgjgsd cggt igrurgt id ruagn sgfdt songrusbyg torjotgf pgig grog iopgb, auign auign idjdng idjdngtt igb auign auign idlgpgd idlgpgd igrd jugr jugr egbcubg egbcubgb b ruagn ruagn sgfdt. sgfdt. Lotgf egbcubgb dbstgjgsd cggt igrurgt eoriofgtgb iobcgb coiubc eoign, 1!/11! igb aojgndrfgb ubtuf aoauignfgb pojgygbgb aoids sojgbhutbyg (#opfos, 5;;0).
5.$. 5.$.& &
For Forgbcf gbcfgg tomrd omrd
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Lgbigsgb tomrd ygbc idcubgfgb ubtuf aobhojgsfgb tdbcfgt fopugsgb pgsdob torngigp pojgygbgb ruagn sgfdt gigjgn ami oj fugjdtgs hgsg cgp (cgp amioj ) ygbc aojdputd $) cgp gbtgrg ngrgpgb fmbsuaob igb porsopsd agbghoaobE 5) cgp gbtgrg porsopsd agbghoaob torngigp ngrgpgb fmbsuaob igb sposd:dfgsd fugjdtgs hgsgE 0) cgp gbtgrg sposd:dfgsd fugjdtgs hgsg igb pobygapgdgb hgsgE ) cgp gbtgrg pobygapgdgb hgsg igb fmaubdfgsd ofstorbgjE &) cgp gbtgrg hgsg ygbc idrgsgfgb igb hgsg ygbc idngrgpfgb. 4gp gbtgrg hgsg ygbc idrgsgfgb igb hgsg ygbc idngrgpfgb dbdjgn ygbc idagfsui iob cgb tdbcgfgt fopugsgb. 4gp dbd eorigsgrfgb
tgbcde tgbcdejo, jo,
rogjd rogjdedj edjdty dty,,
rospm rospmbsd bsdvob voboss oss,,
gssurg gssurgblo, blo,
oapngt oapngtyy
([grgsurgagb ot gj , $%-&).
5.$. 5.$.7 7
For Forgbcf gbcfgg Fmb Fmbso sop p
8grgpgb [ojgbccgb hgafosags [orsopsd [ojgbccgb hgafosags 8grgpgb [ojgbccgb [orsopsd [ojgbccgb uaua 5. $.
4gp trgtocd 4gp &ga'gr 5.7. #orgbcfg #(bso)
[obcoaegbcgb Autu
uaua 8dpmtosds
79
3origs 3origsgr gr 'dbhg 'dbhgugb ugb [ustgf [ustgfgg igb tomrd tomrd ygbc ygbc gig, gig, ndpmto ndpmtosds sds eordfu eordfutt idruau idruausfg sfgb b torigpg torigpgtt poreoi poreoiggb ggb fopugsg fopugsgb b gbtgrg gbtgrg pgsdob pgsdob hgafosa hgafosags gs igb pgsdob uaua torngigp autu pojgygbgb dbstgjgsd rggt igrurgt ruagn sgfdt.
EGE DDD 7?
AOY*I*J*&D [OBOJDYDGB
<.7 Iosgdb Iosgdb [obojdt [obojdtdgb dgb
?obds pobojdtdgb pobojdtdgb dbd gigjgn pobojdtdgb pobojdtdgb fugbtdtgtd: fugbtdtgtd: iobcgb rgblgbcgb rgblgbcgb lrmss lrmss soltdmbgj soltdmbgj ygdtu pobojdtdgb iobcgb sgtu fgjd pobcufurgb ygbc idjgfufgb igjga furub gftu eorsgaggb eorsgaggb <.5 %u' %u'+of +of )obojdtdgb )obojdtdgb
ueyof igrd pobojdtdgb dbd gigjgn pojgbccgb hgafosags ygdtu pgsdob ygbc idrggt id dbstgjgsd rggt igrurgt [F! Aungaagidygn 4maembc ygbc aoaobund frdtordg dbfjusd dbfjusd g) torig:tgr id ofga Aoidf soegcgd pgsdob dbstgj dbstgjgsd gsd rggt rggt igrurg igrurgt, t, e) pgsdob pgsdob eorsoi eorsoidg dg aobhgid aobhgid rospmbi rospmbiob, ob, l) pgsdob pgsdob iobcgb iobcgb fosgig fosgigrgb rgb pobun igb fogiggb fogiggb uaua uaua egdf, egdf, i) pgsdob pgsdob gbgf gbgf igpgt igpgt idg idgfd fdjd jd mjon mjon mrgb mrgbc c tug/ tug/g gjd jdby byg, g, o) pgsdo pgsdob b iogs iogsgg igpgt igpgt idg idgfd fdjd jd mjon mjon sguigrg/forgegt ygbc sordbc aobubccu gtgs poradbtggb sobidrd. [obojdtdgb dbd hucg aobcgaedj sueyof pobojdtdgb pojgbccgb uaua ygdtu pgsdob ygbc idrggt id dbstgjgsd rggt igrurgt [F! Aungaagidygn 4maembc ygbc aoaobund frdtordg dbfjusd. <.< [()ujgsd ,gb %ga)oj 0.0.$ [mpujgsd
[mpujgsd gigjgn fosojurungb mehof pobojdtdgb (rdfubtm, 5;;5), pmpujgsd pgig pobojdtdgb dbd gigjgn sojurun pgsdob hgafosags igb
70
pgsdob uaua ygbc idrggt id dbstgjgsd rggt igrurgt uagn gfdt [F! Aungaagidygn 4maembc. 0 . 0 .5
gapoj gapoj gigjgn soegcdgb igrd pmpujgsd (ofgrgb, 5;;7), igjga pobojdtdgb dbd, sgapoj pobojdtdgb gigjgn pgsdob ?gafosags igb pgsdob uaua
ygbc
id
rggt
id
dbstgjgsd
rggt
igrurgt
[F!
Aungaagidygn Aungaagidygn 4maembc ygbc aoaobund aoaobund frdtordg frdtordg dbfjusd igb tdigf toragsuf igjga frdtordg ofsfjusd ygdtu soegcgd eordfut 0.0.5.$ Frdtordg Frdtordg bfjusd bfjusd g. [gsdob/fojugrcg pobccubg ?gafosags e. [gsdob/fojugrcg tgbpg gsurgbsd l. 3orusdg I$- tgnub i. #gpgt eorfmaubfgsd o. 3dsg eglg tujds :. Fmbidsd pgsdob suign igjga fogiggb stgedj 0.0.5.5 Frdtordg Frdtordg ofsfjusd ofsfjusd g. [gsdob igjga fmbidsd frdtds e. [gsdob tdigf eorsoidg l. [gsdob aobcgjgad cgbccugb hdg i. [oadjdf gs gsurgbsd sojgdb hg hgafosags 0.0.5.0 3osgr gapoj 3osgr sgapoj posortg hgafosags igb pgsdob uaua idtobtufgb iobcg iobcgb b aobcc aobccubg ubgfg fgb b ruau ruauss eosg eosgrr sgap sgapoj oj aobur aoburut ut prmpm prmpmrs rsdd edbmaubgj (edbmaubgj edbmaubgj prmpmrtd prmpmrtdmbs mbs). ). ?dfg ?dfg eosg eosgrr pmpu pmpujg jgsd sd (*) (*) idfot idfotgn gnud ud,, agfg agfg idlg idlgrd rd iobcg iobcgb b aobc aobccub cubgf gfgb gb ruau ruauss eordf eordfut ut Loaosnm ot gj ($%%), ygdtu b 5 7/;5 ) 7/) B ,5 B/79 5 7/;5 )7/)
73
#obcgb huajgn pmpujgsd (*) ygbc idfotgnud, agfg pobojdtd edsg aojgfufgb pobcgaedjgb sgapoj solgrg glgf. *gaub gpgedjg eosgr pmpujgsd (*) tdigf idfotgnud agfg eosgr sgapoj idndtubc iobcgb ruaus soegcgd eordfut b 5 7/;5 ) ? 5 ) 7/) ,5 ,5 Fotorgbcgb b O eosgr sgapoj adbdagj @ O iorghgt foporlgyggb %&6 ygdtu ;,;& 5 C $"@/5 O $,%7 pgig tdbcfgt foporlgyg gyggb %&6 [ O pr prmpmrsd pm pmpujg ujgsd ygb ygbc c onb onbigf igf id idiuc iucg, idig idigp pgt igrd pobojdtdgb torignuju ygdtu &;6 * O eosgr pmpujgsd i O iorghgt fotopgtgb, ygdtu $;6 3osgr pmpujgsd posortg hgafosags igb pgsdb uaua gigjgn b 5 7/;5 ) ? ,5 -
$,%75 (;,&)(;,&) ;,$5
O %7,; O %7 3origsgrfgb ruaus id gtgs, agfg eosgr sgapoj adbdagj pgig pobojdtdgb dbd gigjgn %7 sgapoj pgig tdgp"tdgp pmpujgsd.
<. 0grg [obcga'djg [obcga'djgb b %ga)oj %ga)oj
[obcgaedjgb sgapoj aobccubgfgb iosgdb bmb prmegedjdtgs idagbg prmegedjdtgs ojoaob pmpujgsd ygbc idpdjdn tdigf idfotgnud, iobcgb tofbdf pobcgaedjgb sgapoj gigjgn purpmsdvo gigjgn purpmsdvo sgapjdbc (pobcgaedjgb sgapoj eortuhugb), eorupg pobcgaedjgb sgapoj foputusgb $%uicoaobt sgapjdbc& ygdtu
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pobcgaedjgb sgapoj ygbc idjgfufgb fotdfg somrgbc pobojdtd aoadjdn gbccmtg" gbccmtg sgapoj ubtuf aobyosugdfgb idrd iobcgb eoeorgpg frdtordg. #obcgb lgrg dbd idpdjdn rospmbiob ygbc sosugd iobcgb frdtordg ygbc tojgn idtobtufgb. <." Io!dbdsd *)orgsd(bgj *)orgsd(bgj 0.&.$ 0.&.$ iob iobtd td:d :dfgs fgsdd =grdgej =grdgejoo pobojd pobojdtd tdgb gb
>grdgeoj eoegs igjga pobojdtdgb dbd gigjgn aotmio poaegygrgb ygdtu hgafosags igb mut m` pmlfot . >grdgeoj >grdgeoj torcgbtubc igjga pobojdtdgb dbd gigjgn fopugsgb pgsdob torngigp pojgygbgb id bstgjgsd rggt igrurgt [F! Aungaagidygn 4maembc.
g)
0.&.5 0.&.5 #o:d #o:dbd bdsd sd mpo mporg rgsd sdmbg mbgjj =grd =grdgeo geojj Fopu Fopugs gsgb gb pojg pojgbc bccg cgb b gigj gigjgn gn foso fosobh bhgb gbcg cgb b (cgp (cgp)) gbtg gbtgrg rg pors porsop opsd sd hgsg hgsg ygbc ygbc idtordag gtgu idrgsgfgb iobcgb ygbc idngrgpgfgb ygbc idbdjgd eorigsgrfgb idaobsd autu ygdtu "
3uftd Ndsdf $'gbcdejo& 3uft 3uftdd :dsd :dsdf f aojd aojdput putdd porso porsops psdd igrd igrd foeor foeorsd sdngb ngb ruag ruagn n sgfd sgfdtt pgig pgig uauabyg igb egbcsgj fnususbyg, forgpdgb egbcubgb torsoeut, iobcgb
"
iofmrgsd igjga egbcsgj igb aublujbyg stg: foporggtgb. [orngtdgb $(apngty& [orngtdgb aojdputd rospmb igrd stg: foporggtgb, poagngagb aorofg,
"
folufupgb igb porngtdgb, o:dsdobsd igb sdfgp ngbcgt / fopoiujdgb. ?gadbgb $!ssurgblo& ?gadbgb ?gadbgb aojdputd aojdputd ruagn sgfdt poiujd torngigp pgsdob, roputgsd roputgsd ruagn
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sgfdt, foporlgyggb pgsdob, igb pgsdob aorgsg gagb id ruagn sgfdt. Fotgbccgpgb $)ospmbsdvoboss&
74
Fotgbccgpgb Fotgbccgpgb aojdputd aojdputd folopgtgb folopgtgb pojgygbgb sggt agsuf agsuf ruagn sgfdt, o:dsdob igjga aobcngigpd agsgjgn, fotujusgb igjga poaolgngb agsgjgn, tgbccgp tongigp poradbtggb pgsdob. "
Fogbigjgb $)ogjdedjdty& Foagapugb aoaeordfgb pojgygbgb sosugd iobcgb ygbc idhgbhdfgb, edsg idgbigjfgb igb gfurgt aojdputd folopgtgb pojgygbgb, fotopgtgb pojgygbgb igb fojgblgrgb pojgygbgb.
e)
8grgpgb pgsdob torngigp autu pojgygbgb gigjgn fodbcdbgb pgsdob ubtuf aobigpgtfgb pojgygbgb ygbc eorautu, idpobcgrund mjon db:mragsd igrd aujut fo aujut, foeutungb pgsdob, pobcgjgagb agsg jgju, sortg fmaubdfgsd poaeord
l)
jgygbgb torngigp pgsdob. [ors [orsop opsd sd pgsd pgsdob ob torn torngi gigp gp autu autu pojg pojgyg ygbg bgb b gigj gigjgn gn ngsd ngsdjj pobd pobdjg jgdg dgb b pgsd pgsdob ob torngigp pojgygbgb ygbc idigpgt, idtordag igb idrgsgfgb ygbc ideordfgb mjon
i)
poaeord jgygbgb ygbc idufur iobcgb sfgjg rgsdm. 8grg 8grgpg pgb b poae poaeoj ojdd jgy jgygbgb gbgb (tob (tobgc gcgg foso fosong ngtg tgb b ruag ruagn n sgfd sgfdt) t) torn torngi gigp gp autu autu pojgygbgb gigjgn fodbcdbgb igrd poaeord jgygbgb gfgb autu pojgygbgb ygbc
o)
songrusbyg gig ygbc idufur iobcgb sfgjg rgsdm. [orsop [orsopsd sd poae poaeord ord jgygbgb jgygbgb torngig torngigp p autu autu pojgyg pojgygbgb bgb gigjg gigjgn n pobdjg pobdjgdgb dgb poaeo poaeord rd jgygbgb torngigp autu pojgygbgb ygbc suign gig sojgag dbd ygbc idufur
:)
iobcgb sfgjg rgsdm. [obc [obcoa oaeg egbc bcgb gb autu autu poj pojgygb gygbgb gb aorup orupgf gfgb gb upgy upgygg aobd obdbcfg bcfgtf tfgb gb autu utu pojgygbgb fosongtgb iobcgb aojgfufgb prmsos poroblgbggb eormrdobtgsd fopgig ngrgpgb igb porsopsd pojgbccgb. 0.7 bstruaob bstruaob [obojdtdgb [obojdtdgb 5;
#gjga #gjga pobojdt pobojdtdgb dgb dbd dbstru dbstruaob aob pobojdt pobojdtdgb dgb ygbc ygbc idcubgf idcubgfgb gb gigjgn gigjgn fuosdmbor tortutup igb jgbcsubc ygbc eordsd portgbyggb"portgbyggb tobtgbc fgrgftordstdf rospmbiob sortg =grdgeoj"=grdgeoj ygbc idtojdtd. 'origpgt oapgt aglga aglga fuos fuosdm dmbor bor aojd aojdpu putd td fuosd fuosdmb mbor or ngrgp ngrgpgb gb pojgb pojgbcc ccgb gb hgaf hgafosa osags gs,, fuosdmb fuosdmbor or porsop porsopsd sd pojgbc pojgbccgb cgb hgafosa hgafosags, gs, fuosdmb fuosdmbor or ngrgpgb ngrgpgb pojgbcc pojgbccgb gb uaua, igb fuosdmbor porsopsd pojgbccgb uaua. [ortgbyggb pgig fuosdmbor ngrgpgb pojgbccgb hgafosags igb uaua aoblgfup jdag idaobsd autu ygbc idbygtg idbygtgfgb fgb igjga igjga sfgjg sfgjg jdfort jdfort.. *djgd *djgd sgtu sgtu portgby portgbyggb ggb sgbcgt sgbcgt pobtdbc pobtdbc (&), (&), pobtdbc (), lufup pobtdbc (0), furgbc pobtdbc (5), tdigf pobtdbc ($). oigbcfgb oigbcfgb portgbyggb portgbyggb pgig fuosdmbor porsopsd pojgbccgb hgafosags hgafosags igb uaua aoapubygd jdag bdjgd ygdtu sgbcgt egdf (&), egdf (), lufup egdf (0), furgbc egdf (5), tdigf egdf ($). Fdsd"fdsd fuosdmbor igb pobcufurgb =grdgeoj gigjgn g) Fgrg Fgrgft ftor ords dsdt dtdf df pojg pojgbcc bccgb gb hgaf hgafos osag agss igb igb uaua uaua ygbc ygbc aojd aojdput putd d hobd hobdss fojgadb, uaur, pobididfgb, poforhggb igb suaeor poaedgyggb fosongtgb. e) Fugjdtgs pojgygbgb ygbc aojdputd euftd :dsdf (tgbcdejo), porngtdgb (oapngt (oapngty), y), hgadbgb hgadbgb (gssur (gssurgblo gblo), ), fotgbcc fotgbccgpgb gpgb (rospm (rospmbsd bsd=obo =oboss) ss),,
igb
fogbigjgb (rogjedjdty). oeo oeoju jua a idcu idcubgf bgfgb gb,, pgig pgig fuos fuosdm dmbor bor idjg idjgfuf fufgb gb uhd uhd =gjd =gjdid idtg tgss igb rogjdedjdtgs. !hd =gjdidtgs idjgfufgb iobcgb agfsui aobcufur fongbigjgb igtg igb aoapormjon foygfdbgb egng gjgt ufur ygbc idporcubgfgb aoapubygd
57
foloragtgb ygbc tdbccd. >gjdidtgs gigjgn ufurgb ygbc aobubhuffgb tdbcfgt fosgndngb gjgt ufur. #dfgtgfgb =gjdi edjg torigpgt fosgaggb gbtgrg igtg ygbc idfuapuj iobcgb igtg ygbc sosubccunbyg torhgid pgig meyof ygbc idtojdtd. !hd =gjd =gjdid idtg tgss dbto dbtorb rbgj gj dtoa dtoa portg portgby byggb ggb igrd igrd =grdg =grdgej ejoo idto idtotg tgpf pfgb gb iobcg iobcgb b lgrg lgrg aobcnd aobcndtub tubc c fmo:dsd fmo:dsdob ob fmrojg fmrojgsd sd iobcgb iobcgb bdjgd bdjgd foagfbg foagfbggb gb pO;,;&, pO;,;&, igb bdjgd bdjgd adbdagj fmo:dsdob fmrojgsd prmiult fmrojgsd prmiult amaobt joedn eosgr gtgu sgag iobcgb ;,;0 (#gnjgb, 5;;). #dfgtgfgb rojdgeoj edjg aobcufur sugtu cohgjg pgig gftu eorjgdbgb, sobgbtdgsg aobubhuffgb ngsdj ygbc sgag. !hd rojdgedjdtgs aobccubgfgb tofbdf gjpng lrmbergln 3gtgs bdjgd adbdagj gjpng lrmbergln joedn eosgr igrd ;,;7 (#gnjgb, 5;;). Aoburut rdfubtm ($%%0), r soeosgr 7;6 idgbccgp soegcgd bdjgd fosopgfgtgb egtgs rojdgedjdtgs dbstruaobt, soigbcfgb bdjgd r -;6 sgapgd $;;6 id dbtorp dbtorprot rotgsd gsdfgb fgb soegcg soegcgdd aoapuby aoapubygd gd fmrojg fmrojgsd sd tdbccd tdbccd,, sofgjd sofgjdcus cus aobubhuffgb rojdgedjdtgs ygbc tdbccd pujg.
<.3 Gbgjdsds Gbgjdsds ,gtg ,gtg
[obc [obcmj mjgn gngb gb
igtg igtg
idgb idgbgj gjds dsds ds
eori eorigs gsgr grfg fgb b
pobi pobiof ofgt gtgb gb
stgt stgtds dstd tdf f
eorigsgrfgb bdjgd rgtg"rgtg por fojmapmf (fojmapmf dtoa, fojmapmf rospmbiob igb fojmapmf ngrgpgb igb porsopsd) solgrg pgrsdgj (ubd=grdgt). 8gsdj pobcndtubcgb pobcndtubcgb bdjgd rgtg"rgtg rgtg"rgtg foauidgb foauidgb idfjgsd:d idfjgsd:dfgsdfg fgsdfgb b eorigsgrfgb eorigsgrfgb fgtocmrd fgtocmrd ngrgpgb, ngrgpgb, sgbcgt pobtdbc, pobtdbc, lufup pobtdbc, pobtdbc, furgbc pobtdbc,
55
tdigf pobtdbc, igb fgtocmrd porsopsd, sgbcgt egdf, egdf, lufup egdf, furgbc egdf, igb tdigf egdf. !btuf !btuf aobcotg aobcotgnud nud fosobh fosobhgbcg gbcgb b (cgp) (cgp) gbtgrg gbtgrg ngrgpgb ngrgpgb igb porsop porsopsd sd pojgbccgb agfg portgbyggb igjga fuosdmbor ygbc torfgdt iobcgb o*poltoi sorvdlo igb porlodvoi sorvdlo
idlgr idlgrdd sojd sojdsd sdnby nbyg. g. *djg *djgdd porlodvoi sorvdlo
foauidgb idfurgbcd iobcgb bdjgd o*poltoi sorvdlo ?dfg ngsdjbyg pmsdtd: eorgrtd tdigf torigpgt fosobhgbcgb fugjdtgs pojgygbgb, ygbc igjga ngj dbd eoragfbg porsopsd torngigp autu pojgygbgb ygbc gig joedn tdbccd igrd ngrgpgb torngigp pojgygbgb. #obcgb porfgtggb jgdb, autu pojgygbgb ygbc gig suign sosugd iobcg iobcgb b ygbc ygbc idng idngrg rgpfg pfgb b mjon mjon pojgb pojgbccg ccgb b sond sondbc bccg cg pgsdo pgsdob b aorg aorgsg sg pugs pugs torngigp pojgygbgb ygbc ideordfgb. [obcuh [obcuhdgb dgb stgtds stgtdstdf tdf aojgju aojgjudd uhd eoig eoig rgtg"r rgtg"rgtg gtg eorpgs eorpgsgbcg gbcgb b $t+tost& idcubgfgb ubtuf aobcotgnud gpgfgn fosobhgbcgb (cgp) ygbc gig sdcbd:dfgb gtgu tdigf. Frdtordg gig tdigfbyg fosobhgbcgb (cgp) gigjgn igrd bdjgd sdcbd:dfgb t"tost ygdtu hdfg bdjgd sdcbd:dfgb t"tost D ;,;& agfg igpgt idsdapujfgb gigbyg fosobhgbcgb ygbc sdcbd:dfgb gbtgrg ngrgpgb igb porsopsd, soegjdfbyg hdfg bdjgd sdcbd:dfgb t"tost I ;,;& agfg igpgt idsdapujfgb tdigf gig fosobhgbcgb ygbc sdcbd:fgb gbtgrg ngrgpgb igb porsopsd (4nmHgjd, 5;;$).
5<
oigbcfgb oigbcfgb ubtuf aobcotgnud aobcotgnud poreoiggb poreoiggb gbtgrg fopugsgb fopugsgb pojgbccgb pojgbccgb hgafosags igb uaua torngigp autu pojgygbgb fosongtgb idcubgfgb uhd stgtdstdf lnd sugro. sugro. <.> Otdfg Otdfg [obojdtdgb [obojdtdgb <.>.7 ospmbiob eorngf ubtuf aobmjgf idhgidfgb sgapoj pobojdtdgb. <.>.5 [obojd [obojdtd td ngrus ngrus aobhgc aobhgcgg forgng forgngsdg sdggb gb diobtd diobtdtgs tgs pgsdob pgsdob igb aobhgcg aobhgcg
forgngsdggb dsdgb fuosdmbor folugjd ubtuf fopobtdbcgb pobojdtdgb.
#g:tgr [ustgfg
jga, ., 5;;, (fmbmad 5;;, (fmbmad %djdi -, -,
59
#opfos, .., 5;;0, [oimagb 5;;0, [oimagb @gsdjdtgs Dbstgjgsd Cg.gt Cg .gt Igrurgt )uagn "gfdt /ojgs L . #droftmrgt ?obirgj [ojgygbgb Aoidf, #opgrtoaob Fosongtgb .., ?gfgrtg. #opfos, .., 5;;-g, [oimagb 5;;-g, [oimagb [ojgfsgbggb ;gadbgb /osongtgb Agsygrgfgt $;gafosags& -775, -775, #opgrtoaob Fosongtgb .. ?gfgrtg. #opfo #opfos, s, .. ..,, 5;;-e 5;;-e,, [oimagb [obyojobccgrggb [ojgygbgb )uagn "gfdt , #droftmrgt #droftmrgt ?obirgj 3dbg [ojgygbgb [ojgygbgb Aoidf, Aoidf, #opgrtoaob #opgrtoaob Fosongtgb Fosongtgb .. ?gfgrtg. #opfos, .., 5;;-l, [oimagb 5;;-l, [oimagb pojgfsgbggb %gafosags tdbcfgtfgb gfsos igb ig b autu fosongtgb, fosongtgb, iopgrtoaob fosongtgb ropuejdf dbimbosdg. ?gfgrtg. 4nmHgjd, 4nmHgjd, . 5;;$. !bgjdsds 5;;$. !bgjdsds Aujtdvgrdgt iobcgb [rmcrga "["" . 3gigb [oboredt !bd=orsdtgs #dpmbocmrm. oagrgbc. 8orggtd. *, 5;$;, poregbidbcgb 5;$;, poregbidbcgb tdbcfgt fopugsgb pgsdob gsfosfdb igb bmb gsfos gsfos torngi torngigp gp autu autu pojgygb pojgygbgb gb id dbstgj dbstgjgsd gsd rg.gt rg.gt %gjgb %gjgb egcdgb egcdgb mestotrd igb cdbofmjmcd rs sgr%dtm. sgr%dtm . Fgryg jadgn fndr . [rmcrga [obididfgb #mftor posdgjds 3digbc tuid Kestotrd igb 4dbofmjmcd Ngfujtgs Foimftorgb !bd=orsdtgs 4ghgn Agig. 9mcygfgrtg. Fopa Fopaob obfo fos, s, .. ..,, 5;;5;;-,, [obordag Igbg [rmcrga ;gadbgb /osongtgb Agsygrgfgt Id [usfosags igb ;grdbcgbbyg
5?
[grgsurgagb, ., Codtngaj, >. ., 3orry, L. L., $%-&, ! $%-&, ! Lmbloptugj Amioj m` "orvdlo #ugjdty gbi Dt>s Dapjdlgtdmbs `mr @uturo )osogrln, ?murbgj m: Agrfotdbc, >mj. %, pp. $"&;. [grgsu [grgsurga rgagb, gb, ., Codtng Codtngaj, aj, >. ., ., 3orry 3orry,, L. L., $%%;, Iojdvordbc #ugjdty "orvdlo ?gjgbldbc Lustmaor [orsoptdmb gbi (poltgtdmb, 'no @roo [ross, ! idvdsdmb m` Agladjjgb dbl, 4o. 3mrf 3mrf [ub, [ub, 4., 4., 5;;; 5;;;,, ! [rmloss @mr Agbgcdbc Lustmaor "gtds`gltdmb. "gtds`gltdmb. 1d=dj or=dlo :mr sdgJs mrji mrji 1dty oadbgrs. 8mbcfmbc. gbcfutd, N., 5;;7. Aogsurdbc 5;;7. Aogsurdbc Lustmaor "gtds`gltdmb 'ofbdf 'ofbdf aobcufur igb strgtocd aobdbcfgtfgb fopugsgb pojgbccgb pjus gbgjdsg fgsus 4rgaoidg, ?gfgrtg. otb otbm mgt gtd. d. #ff, #ff, 5;;5;;-,, pojgygbgb fosongtgb agsygrgfgt adsfdb porsopsd stgfonmjior id fmtg fupgbc . Agcdsto Agcdstorr Foedhg Foedhgfgb fgb igb Agbgho Agbghoaob aob [ojgygbgb Fosongtgb !bd=orsdtgs 4ghgn Agig. mrfdbc [gpor ordos *m.7, $st irg:t, ngj.$5. ds., ds., 5;;, 5;;, Aoaeordfgb ;gadbgb Autu [ojgygbgb, [ojgygbgb, 4oagrd
50
btgrg btgrgbos bos,, 5;$;, 5;$;, J[rmcr J[rmcrga ga [ojgyg [ojgygbgb bgb [orsgj [orsgjdbg dbgb b 4rgtds 4rgtds Aujgd Aujgd 5;$$J 5;$$J,, Fgbt Fgbtmr mr eord eordtg tg btgr btgrg, g, 5; cust custus us,, >dooi ooi 0$ gcus gcustu tuss 5;$; 5;$;,, nttp//.gbtgrgbos.lma/eordtg/$5-50;&--&/prmcrga"pojgygbgb" porsgjdbgb"crgtds"aujgd"5;$$ porsgjdbgb"crgtds"aujgd"5;$ $ !# !# Foeu Foeuao aob, b, 5;$; 5;$;,, [rm`dj )uagn "gfdt
53
YDB&#GY #O[_G%GB [G%DOB $GA#O%AG% IGB [G%DOB _A_A YO4NGIG[ YO4NGIG [ A_Y_ [OJG8GBGB [OJG8GBGB ID DB%YGJG%D 4G6G 4G6GY IG4_4GY 4_AGN %G#DY [#_ A_NGAAGID8GN A_NGAAGID8GN &*AE*B&
_%_JGB [OBOJDYDGB
Idsusub (jon
N#L K339 AC 5::1:7:5::71
NF!L' [1?* [K4A A*?<' !*>< ' A!8AA#9 A!8AA# 98 8 9K49F' 9K49F'
5>
4!'! 5;$;
54
