PRODUCCIÓN DE HARINA DE POTA

Estudio del Proceso Proceso Industrial Industrial de la Harina de pota. pota.

ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL PROCESO INDUSTRIAL DE LA HARINA DE POTA Procesos Industriales II Equipo de Trabajo: Trabajo:

•

Aguilar Llontop; Dionne Dionne Connie.

•

Estrada Hurtado; Hurtado; Alejandro Jess. Jess.

•

Hidalgo Palacios; !olando !olando !a"ael.

•

Torres #la$a; Junior Ale%is.

•

Toro &uill'n; !icardo !e$.

Docente:

Ing. Al(a)ora !o)an* Her)er. Her)er.

Noviemre !" # $"%!&

CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013







Estudio del Proceso Industrial de la Harina de pota.

A todos aquellos que contribuyen en nuestra realización como profesionales. A las futuras generaciones que serán los pilares del desarrollo industrial en nuestro país.



INTRODUCCI'N En la última !"aa# la im$orta"i%n m&nial e "e'al%$oo( "on)elao( *a mo(trao &n "om$ortamiento "re"iente $&e( *a $a(ao e 1+30 millone( e %lare( en 1,,0 a -2.0 millone( en 200/ entre ello(# el "alamar  la $ota re$re(entan m( e la mita el total "omer"ialiao4 La $ota e( &n "alamar )i)ante 5&e (e en"&entra i($onible en el litoral e 6!7i"o# Co(ta Ri"a# Perú  el norte e C*ile4 En "&anto a la emana# C*ina e( &no e lo( $rin"i$ale( im$ortaore( e $ota# lo em$lea $ara el "on(&mo lo"al en $ro&"to( (e"o(# $&e( e( $arte trai"ional e la ieta "*ina4 En el Perú# la $ota e( &no e lo( $rin"i$ale( $ro&"to( e e7$orta"i%n4 Se)ún la Comi(i%n e Promo"i%n $ara la E7$orta"i%n  el T&ri(mo 8Pr%m$e79# el vol&men e e7$orta"i%n e $ota (e *a in"rementao en 'orma notable en lo( último( a:o( ebio a lo( ba;o( $re"io(  la )ran variea e $re(enta"ione( 5&e im$&l(an &na emana interna"ional "aa ve maor4 La $ota (e e7$orta b(i"amente en

re(i&o( e $ota )enera &n e'l&ente 5&e "ontiene $rote=na( (ol&ble(# (%lio( in(ol&ble(# minerale(  re(i&o( $roveniente( e la e("om$o(i"i%n4 El "a$=t&lo 1# >De("ri$"i%n e la materia $rima?# brina in'orma"i%n (obre la $ota 8Do(ii"&( )i)a(9 "omo re"&r(o *irobiol%)i"o# anatom=a# biolo)=a# "ara"ter=(ti"a( n&tri"ionale(# norma( $er&ana(# entre otro( $&nto(4 El "a$=t&lo 2# >A$rove"*amiento e lo( erivao(  $ro&"to 'inal?# $re(enta lo( erivao( e la $ota venta;a(  e(venta;a(# obten"i%n e $ro&"to(  e7$orta"ione(4 En el "a$=t&lo 3# >Pro"e(amiento e la $ota en Pi&ra?# $re(enta la (it&a"i%n a"t&al el $ro"e(o in&(trial e e(te re"&r(o  la evol&"i%n e (&( e7$orta"ione( a lo lar)o el tiem$o4 Tambi!n $re(enta lo( $ro"e(o( $ro&"tivo( e la *arina  "on)elao e $ota# a(= "omo el Dia)rama e Pro"e(o(4



CAPÍTULO I DESCRIPCI'N DE LA (ATERIA PRI(A

1.1.

Calamar Gigante (Pota).

Nombre: POTA Nombre Científico: Do(ii"&( )i)a(

La $ota e( &n mol&("o m& $are"io al "alamar # (e)ún la e($e"ie  la $ro"een"ia# a5&iere &n tama:o "on(ierable# e a*= 5&e (e le "ono"a "on el nombre e "alamar )i)ante4 La $ota e( &na b&ena '&ente e $rote=na( e alto valor biol%)i"o#  (& "ontenio en )ra(a( in(at&raa( a&a a re&"ir lo( nivele( e "ole(terol en (an)re4

@a o"*o e($e"ie( ienti'i"aa( entro el )r&$o e lo( "alamare( )i)ante(4 Son m& )rane( en tama:o# la( *embra( (on e a$ro7imaamente 10 $ie( m( lar)o 5&e lo( ma"*o( "on &na lon)it& e -3 $ie(4 S&( "&er$o( (on CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


(imilare( a otro( ti$o( e "alamare(# "on &n manto# o"*o brao(  o( tent"&lo(4

Tiene o;o( m& )rane(# tanto "omo $elota( e balon"e(to4 Son e7tremaamente r$io(  )ile( en el a)&a4 S& e(tr&"t&ra (in &a "on(tit&e (& bene'i"io $&e( no tienen 5&e $reo"&$ar(e $or m&"*a( "riat&ra(4

1.2.

Anatomía.

E(te animal tiene o( bran5&ia(  &n (i(tema "ir"&latorio "errao# 'ormao $or &n "ora%n (i(t!mi"o  o( "oraone( bran5&iale(4 Tiene en (& "&er$o &n manto tor$ei'orme e(tre"*o# "il=nri"o  alar)ao# "on o( aleta( "arno(a(  trian)&lare(4 En la $arte elantera (e &bi"a la $or"i%n "e'li"a# "on o( o;o( m& evol&"ionao(  5&e (e $rolon)a en ie tent"&lo(4

E(to( tent"&lo( (e e7tienen *a(ta al"anar "a(i la mi(ma lon)it& el manto# re"ibieno el nombre e brao( 8o $ata(9  $o(een "&atro *ilera( e vento(a( en lo( e7tremo( 5&e (&man 0 a 200 $are(4

La $ota "omún e( e "olor ro(ao "laro "on $e5&e:a( man"*a( ro;ia(  a&laa(# lo "&al le $ermite mimetiar(e en el a)&a marina4 C&ano e(te animal (e (iente amenaao e7$ele &na BtintaB o (e$ia e "olor marr%n m& o("&ro4

1.3.

Biología.



La $ota tiene &n "i"lo e via "orto "on &n m7imo e o( a tre( a:o(4 Por e(o# la $e("a el Do(ii"&( )i)a( ebe (er a lo( (ei( me(e( e ea4

E(ta e($e"ie $re(enta alta( ta(a( e "re"imiento# "on talla( re)i(traa( e e($e"ie( a<a( 5&e (on "la(i'i"aa( en $e5&e:a( 8130 – 3-0 mm9# meiana( 82-0– 00 mm9  )rane( 8maore( e ++0 mm94

Se e(tima 5&e la ta(a $romeio e "re"imiento men(&al e( e  "m &rante el $rimer a:o e via  e 2 "m men(&ale(# en el (e)&no a:o e via4 El "alamar )i)ante e( &n or)ani(mo mono"="li"o# e( e"ir# (e $&ee re$ro&"ir &na (ola ve en (& via4

1.4.

Composicin !"ímica# n"tricional $ mineral.

S& "om$o(i"i%n 5&=mi"a e$ene el (e7o# tama:o# alimenta"i%n# lo"alia"i%n  tem$oraa e "a$t&ra# et"4 Con re($e"to a (& "om$o(i"i%n# e( alto en $rote=na(  ba;o en )ra(a(4

I)&almente# "ontiene vitamina( "omo 3# nia"ina  124 S&( "om$onente( minerale( m( ab&nante( (on '%('oro# $ota(io# (oio  ma)ne(io4

A "ontin&a"i%n (e m&e(tran tabla( el anli(i( $ro7imal e la $ota# (&( "om$onente( minerale(  (& "om$o(i"i%n '=(i"a e manera $or"ent&al



Tabla 14-41 Anli(i( $ro7imal e la $ota4

Conteni%o Prome%io (&) @&mea /1#1 ra(a 1#1 Prote=na 1#0 Sale( 6inerale( 1#. Calor=a( 8100)9 101# 0

Tabla 14-42 6a"ro  mi"roelemento( e la $ota 8"om$onente( minerale(9

Par'metros Prome%io (&) Soio 8m)F100)9 1,/# 2 Pota(io 8m)F100)9

321 #,

Cal"io 8m)F100)9 6a)ne(io 8m)F100)9 Gierro 8$$m9

,# 1 -+#

Cobre 8$$m9

1#-

Camio 8$$m9

0#2

Plomo 8$$m9

0#2


0#/


Tabla 14-43 Com$o(i"i%n '=(i"a e la $ota

Componente Prome%io (&) C&er$o o t&bo -,#3

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Aleta

13#-

Tent"&lo(

21#-

H=("era(

1+#-

Normas *eruanas& Se)ún el Art="&lo 2 el De"reto Le 2+,.. 8Le eneral e Pe("a9# le "orre($one al E(tao $er&ano la re)&la"i%n el mane;o  la e7$lota"i%n ra"ional e lo( re"&r(o( *irobiol%)i"o( "ontenio( en (&( a)&a( ;&ri(i""ionale( 8De"reto S&$remo 0132001PE# 200194

En "&m$limiento e e(ta le (e a$rob% el Re)lamento e Orenamiento Pe(5&ero el Calamar i)ante o Pota 8Do(ii"&( )i)a(94 Lo( ob;etivo( e e(te re)lamento (on el a$rove"*amiento ra"ional  (o(tenio  el e(arrollo e la $e(5&er=a e la $ota4 En e(e (entio# el 6ini(terio e Pe(5&er=a e(table"e la "&ota e "a$t&ra $ara "aa tem$oraa4

El a""e(o e embar"a"ione( $e(5&era( na"ionale( o e7tran;era( a la e7tra""i%n e $ota  la( o$era"ione( e $e("a re($e"tiva( tambi!n (e ri)en $or e(te re)lamento4 En el "a(o e la( embar"a"ione( na"ionale(# el monto e lo( ere"*o( $or "on"e$to e e7$lota"i%n e $ota (e e(table"e en '&n"i%n e la "antia e tonelaa( e("ar)aa(4 CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


Lo( armaore( e embar"a"ione( $e(5&era( arte(anale( e *a(ta 32# m3 e "a$a"ia e boe)a e(tn e7onerao( el $a)o e ere"*o( e $e("a4 En el "a(o e la( embar"a"ione( e banera e7tran;era# el ere"*o (e 'i;a en '&n"i%n a la( &niae( e e('&ero $e(5&ero a&toriaa(  $or "aa tonelaa e "a$t&ra nominal tran(boraa4

La viabilia e la $ota (e (&(tenta en (& ab&nan"ia# valor n&tritivo  am$lia variea e &(o(4 E(ta( "ara"ter=(ti"a( "ontrib&en al "re"imiento e (& mer"ao4 Si bien e( "ierto 5&e e7i(ten iver(a( e($e"ie( 5&e $&een "om$etir ire"tamente "on la $ota# (& "a$t&ra $&ee realiar(e "a(i &rante too el a:o  e(to "on(tit&e &na venta;a4 A(imi(mo# la $ota $&ee em$lear(e "omo (&(tit&to e otro( "e'al%$oo( m( e("a(o( "omo el $&l$o  el "alamar4

En el Perú# el 6ini(terio e la Pro&""i%n e( el ente en"ar)ao e normar la e7$lota"i%n e la $ota4 En la in&(tria na"ional (e "&enta "on te"nolo)=a 5&e $ermite arle valor a)re)ao a lo( $ro&"to( e la $ota "on el 'in e (ati('a"er la( ne"e(iae( e iver(o( mer"ao(4 El e(arrollo te"nol%)i"o en el (e"tor e( im$&l(ao $or el ITP4

%&+&

H,itat& El "alamar )i)ante vive en el 'ono# "er"a el (&elo e lo( o"!ano(4 Se re)i(traron $or $rimera ve en (& *bitat nat&ral en el a:o 200- $or $er(ona( el 6&(eo Na"ional e Cien"ia( e Ja$%n4 @abitan en too( lo( o"!ano( el m&no4 Al)&no( e lo( l&)are( m( "om&ne( one (e *an ienti'i"ao in"l&en Nor&e)a# Terranova# N&eva Kelana  A&(tralia4 Tienen a i('r&tar e la( a)&a( m( 'r=a( $or la "&al rara ve (e en"&entran en la( re)ione( tro$i"ale(4



E( i'="il "ontabiliar "&nto( "alamare( )i)ante( *a ebio a la $ro'&nia el a)&a one viven# a&n5&e $are"e 5&e $or (& número no *a $eli)ro e 5&e (e e7tin)an a "orto $lao4 E(to e( &n alivio ebio al número e animale( a"&ti"o( 5&e "aen en e(a "ate)or=a4

%&-&

Com*ortamiento& @a 5&iene( $ien(an 5&e el "alamar )i)ante e( ino'en(ivo la maor $arte el tiem$o  la( *i(toria( e 5&e ata"an a la( $er(ona( e( (olo &n mito4 Son "riat&ra( 5&e tienen a )a(tar (& tiem$o a (ola(# e7"e$to &rante el a$areamiento4

%&.&

E/tracci0n& La "a$t&ra e la $ota (e realia $rin"i$almente &rante la no"*e4 La( embar"a"ione( e(tn e5&i$aa( "on &na '&ente e l& 5&e atrae a lo( "alamare( ebio al 'ototro$i(mo $o(itivo "ara"ter=(ti"o e la e($e"ie4

El a$are;o e $e("a em$leao (e "ono"e "omo $otera4 E( &n an&elo e($e"ia "on varia( *ilera( e )an"*o( i($&e(to( en 'orma e re*ilete "&o movimiento# el e'e"to e la l&  &n i($o(itivo 5&e tiene "ara"ter=(ti"a( e l&mini("en"ia eba;o el a)&a atraen al "alamar4

La 'lota arte(anal el norte el Perú 86n"ora# Talara# Paita9 em$lea embar"a"ione( arte(anale( e 2 a 10 tonelaa( e "a$a"ia e boe)a la( $er(ona( entrevi(taa( re'irieron 5&e la $ota )eneralmente e( evi("eraa $or lo( mi(mo( $e("aore(  $&ee "om$rar(e entera o $or $arte(# e a"&ero "on lo( re5&erimiento( e "aa em$re(a4 A(imi(mo# e( $o(ible ne)o"iar la entre)a en el m&elle o la $lanta4



%&1&

Dieta 2 Alimentaci0n E(te "alamar tiene a alimentar(e e lo( $e"e( e tama:o meiano el o"!ano# tambi!n "omen "alamare( m( $e5&e:o( (i no "on(i)&en otra( '&ente(4 Utilian (&( tent"&lo( $ara a'errar(e a la $re(a e7$rimirla4 Son "a$a"e( e &tiliar (&( iente( $ara trit&rar la "omia  tra)arla4

Tienen a "aar $or (& "&enta lo 5&e (i)ni'i"a 5&e tienen a""e(o a lo( alimento( 5&e e(een4 Por lo )eneral# (e me"lan "on el entorno  e($eran a 5&e ven)an# enton"e( la( (or$renen "on &n ata5&e 'ero# r$io  $otente4

%&%"& Re*roducci0n El $ro"e(o "om$leto e re$ro&""i%n el "alamar )i)ante (i)&e (ieno too &n mi(terio en e(te momento4 Lo( ma"*o( 'ertilian lo( *&evo( e la *embra#  l&e)o el na"imiento e la( "r=a(# e(ta( eben "&iar(e a (= mi(ma(4

%&%%& Conservaci0n El úni"o e$reaor nat&ral 5&e el "alamar )i)ante tiene e( el "a"*alote4 Al)&no( e('&ero( (e *an $&e(to en mar"*a en Ja$%n $ara a&ar a $rote)erlo( e lo( $e("aore(# (in embar)o# e(ta( a""ione( (on $or $arte e a"tivi(ta(  no e lo( or)ani(mo( 5&e re$re(entan al $a=(4 Dao 5&e el número e "alamare( )i)ante( no e(t en rie()o# $are"e (er e(te el motivo $or el 5&e no $are"en e(tar $reo"&$ao( "on $oner l=mite( a (& "aa4

%&%$& Interacci0n con los 3umanos CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


La intera""i%n *&mana "on el "alamar )i)ante *a e(tao ba(tante limitaa# no ob(tante *a *abio &n in"remento e la( im)ene(  'oto( tomaa( en lo( último( 10 a:o(4 El "alamar )i)ante no ata"a a lo( *&mano(4 C&ano *an (io "a$t&rao(# (e *an $&e(to en "a&tiverio $ara inve(ti)arlo( a 5&e a(= e( m( "%moo 5&e en (& *bitat nat&ral4

CAPÍTULO II APRO4ECHA(IENTO DE LOS DERI4ADOS 5 PRODUCTO 6INAL

La "arne e la $ota tiene "on(i(ten"ia (&ave  &n (abor "ara"ter=(ti"o4 P&ee a$rove"*ar(e *a(ta .+ e (& "ontenio e($&!( e retirar la( v=("era(4 El "alamar )i)ante tiene vario( &(o( en la in&(tria e alimento( $ro"e(ao( em$aniao( la in&(tria e "on(erva( e tent"&lo(# en la "&al (e em$lea la $ota $ara reem$laar al $&l$o o el "alamar "omo "om$lemento $ara alimento( $re"o"io( o anilla( o tira( "on)elaa(4 Lo( $rin"i$ale( erivao( e la $ota (e ivien $ara (& "omer"ialia"i%n en "in"o )r&$o( $rin"i$ale( 8Ibarra# 20094

$&%&

Conserva&

Un alimento enlatao 5&e "on(i(te en troo( e $ota $re(entao( en &na (alm&era (aonao "omo l=5&io e "obert&ra4 E( &n $ro&"to relativamente n&evo en el mer"ao na"ional  $&ee em$lear(e "omo (&(tit&to e la( "on(erva( e $e("ao4 El $ro"e(amiento abar"a "orte# "o"io# tratamiento $ara (abor# enva(ao# eva"&a"i%n e aire  e(terilia"i%n# entre otro(4 No re5&iere alma"enamiento en 'r=o4 De a"&ero "on lo e"larao $or H="tor Ni(*io# )erente e o$era"ione( e Pe(5&era Diamante# el "on(&mior a(iti"o tiene $re'eren"ia $or lo( $ro&"to( 're("o(# $or lo 5&e e(tinar "on(erva( a e(te mer"ao no (er=a "onveniente4 So(tiene 5&e (& "on(&mo tenr=a maor a"e$ta"i%n en l&)are( a lo( "&ale( no $&ea lle)ar el $ro&"to en e(tao 're("o o "on)elao4

$&$&

Con7elados de *ota&



El (e)&no )r&$o (on lo( "on)elao( e $ota# enomina"i%n )en!ri"a e &n )r&$o e $ro&"to( $re$arao( a $artir el manto# la "abea# lo( tent"&lo(  la( aleta(4 En (& $ro"e(amiento (e in"or$oran la( o$era"ione( b(i"a( e $re'ormao  "on)elao inivi&al# $&ieno (er reboao(  em$anao(# $re"o"io( Fo $re'rito( o li(to( $ara (& "on(&mo $revia e("on)ela"i%n  "alentamiento4 La a"e$ta"i%n e lo( $ro&"to( $re$arao( "on)elao( (e *a in"rementao en lo( último( a:o(# $rin"i$almente en lo( (e)mento( ;%vene(# $or la ra$ie e (& $re$ara"i%n4 Lo( atrib&to( valorao( (on (&( "ara"ter=(ti"a( or)anol!$ti"a(  la $ra"ti"ia en (& &(o4 En la( em$re(a( e la $rovin"ia e Paita lo( $ro&"to( "on)elao( "on(tit&=an m( e 0 e (&( e7$orta"ione( e erivao( e $ota# lo 5&e ini"a la e7i(ten"ia e &n mer"ao "on elevaa emana $ara e(to( $ro&"to(4

$&!&

Daruma&

El ter"er )r&$o e( el el "alamar )i)ante (e"o# &n $ro&"to trai"ional en C*ina# Ja$%n# Corea  el S&e(te e A(ia4 El $ro&"to "on maor $oten"ial e "omer"ialia"i%n e( el ar&ma# 5&e e( el manto "o"io# (aonao  "on)elao# lo 5&e im$li"a $ro"e(o( e "o""i%n  "on)elao4 Tambi!n (e $re(enta "omo
$&8&

Pasta de calamar&

E(t "om$&e(ta e materia $rima m( e7ible 5&e la "arne "r&a# la "&al $&ee (er &tiliaa $ara la elabora"i%n e $ro&"to( ti$o (&rimi4 A $artir e e(ta $a(ta (e $&een $re$arar otro( $ro&"to( "omo imita"i%n e "arne e "amar%n# emb&tio( "on (abor a mari("o# $ro&"to( em$aniao( "on)elao(# $ro&"to( enlatao( "omo "arne molia# imita"i%n e ab&l%n# $ro&"to( "&rao( "omo "alamar (alao# "arne a*&maa e "alamar# "arne CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


e "alamar (aboriaa# et"!tera4 El ITP *a e(arrollao la te"nolo)=a $ara elaborar (&rimi a $artir e la $ota4 En Paita e7i(ten al)&na( em$re(a( 5&e e(tn in"&r(ionano en (& elabora"i%n "omo DaeQoon S&(an  Ar"o$a4

$&+&

Harina *re*arada de desec3os&

El último )r&$o e $ro&"to( e( la *arina $re$araa e e(e"*o( e "alamar# v=("era( o "alamar entero# 5&e (e "on(iera $arte e &n $ro"e(o e re&""i%n4 E7i(te )ran "antia e $ro&"tore( arte(anale( e *arina en el norte 5&e (e aba(te"en e materia $rima e ba;a "alia4





Trans*orte

El $ro"e(amiento e la $ota "on in'rae(tr&"t&ra in(talaa en tierra $ermite tener 'le7ibilia en lo( $ro"e(o(  'a"ilita &n a$rove"*amiento inte)ral4 Sin embar)o# ao el r$io eterioro en la "alia el re"&r(o# (e re5&iere &n "&iao(o tratamiento a boro $ara (& $re(erva"i%n  e( "onveniente 5&e e7i(ta "er"an=a entre la( ona( e $e("a  lo( "entro( e $ro"e(amiento4

Anteriormente# la $re(enta"i%n el $ro&"to 'inal era en manto 're("o "on)elao  la "abea# tent"&lo(  v=("era( (e "on(ieraban re(i&o(4 En la última !"aa (e *an e(arrollao n&evo( $ro"e(o(# lo 5&e *a $ermitio &n a$rove"*amiento inte)ral e la $ota4

Re($e"to e la te"nolo)=a# la ma5&inaria em$leaa en el $ro"e(o $ro&"tivo $roviene en (& maor $arte e A(ia4 E7i(te &n or)ani(mo )&bernamental# el ITP# 5&e (e en"ar)a e e'e"t&ar inve(ti)a"i%n (obre te"nolo)=a rela"ionaa "on lo( $ro&"to( *irobiol%)i"o(  brinar el (ervi"io e tran('eren"ia te"nol%)i"a a a5&ella( em$re(a( 5&e lo (oli"iten4

C*ina "&enta "on )rane( em$re(a( 5&e brinan )arant=a  (e)&ria $ara el tran($orte e la( mer"aer=a(# entre la( 5&e (e en"&entran la em$re(a Co("o# &na e la( $rin"i$ale( em$re(a( naviera(  lo)=(ti"a( e e("ala m&nial C*ina Line( Com$an 8CSCL9# &na e la( em$re(a( lo)=(ti"a( "*ina( m( im$ortante( "on &n (i)ni<"ativo "re"imiento en lo( volúmene(# Anli(i( e mer"ao e "ar)a tran($ortaa  Sinotran( Lt4# im$ortante "om$a:=a lo)=(ti"a "*ina e($e"ialiaa en la inte)ra"i%n e la "aena lo)=(ti"a# e tran($orte intero"eni"o  $or tierra# ete a!reo# alma"enamiento# et"!tera4



El tiem$o e trn(ito $or v=a mar=tima el Perú a C*ina e( e 30 =a(  el "o(to e lo( ete( var=a en '&n"i%n el vol&men  la 're"&en"ia# $ero en $romeio e(t entre 3  + mil %lare( $or "onteneor e 20  -0 $ie(4

CAPÍTULO III PROCESA(IENTO DE LA POTA

!&%&

Proceso industrial de la 3arina de *ota&

!&%&%& Harina de *ota artesanal

A "ontin&a"i%n (e e("riben la( o$era"ione( el $ro"e(o e *arina e $ota arte(anal# 5&e (e realia a la( a'&era( e la "i&a e Paita4 E(te $ro"e(o (e realia en o( 'a(e(

A. Pro%"ctores artesanales %e %esi%rata%o

E(to( $ro&"tore( arte(anale( e e(*iratao realian o$era"ione( b(i"a( e "o""i%n  (e"ao a lo( e("arte( e $ota# $roveniente( el $ro"e(o in&(trial e "on)elao 8$arte( e $ota no (ele""ionaa( $ara el "on)elao9# "on el ob;etivo e re(tarle *&mea $ara l&e)o venerlo( a $lanta( meiana( 5&e "om$letan (& "onver(i%n 'inal a *arina e $ota arte(anal4

1. ecepcin %e la materia prima CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


Lo( e("arte( e $ota el $ro"e(o e "on)elao# (on re"e$"ionao( en la arena o (obre lmina( e $l(ti"o $ara (& $ro"e(amiento4 E(to( e("arte( *an (io tra(laao( en "mara( e(e la( $lanta( e "on)elao4

2. *rocea%o Lo( e("arte( e $ota )rane( (on "ortao( man&almente "on "&"*illo( e a"ero ino7iable# $ara 'a"ilitar el $ro"e(o e "o""i%n arte(anal4 3. Coccin artesanal La $ota tro"eaa e( "o"inaa en $aila( )rane( e 1#. m3 8a$ro7imaamente9 &tiliano le:a# $etr%leo o 5&ero(ene# "on la 'inalia e "oa)&lar la( $rote=na(  e7traer la maor *&mea $o(ible4 Con ello (e mantiene el alto valor $rotei"o  (e e7trae la )ra(a4 En $romeio# (e "o"ina a$ro7imaamente &na tonelaa e $ota $or lote  $or &n e($a"io e 3+ min&to(# en &n ran)o e tem$erat&ra 5&e o("ila entre +/  ,+ C4 En e(ta o$era"i%n (e re&"e *a(ta &n +0 la *&mea e la $ota  (e $ro&"e el e'l&ente e "o"inao# 5&e e( arro;ao a la arena4

4. +eca%o al sol



La $ota "o"inaa e( tiraa (obre $l(ti"o( o en la arena $ara (e"arla al aire libre "on lo( rao( el (ol  "on el "alor el ambiente4 E(ta o$era"i%n re&"e *a(ta &n 20 a 2+ la *&mea e la $ota4 Tiene &na &ra"i%n e &no a o( =a(4

,. -nsaca%o L&e)o e "on"l&ir el (e"ao al (ol# la $ota e( tra(laaa en "arretilla( *a"ia &na ona e en(a5&e4 En e(e l&)ar# la $ota e(*irataa (e la e$o(ita en (a"o(  "omer"ialiaa a $lanta( 5&e $&ean terminar (& $ro"e(amiento a *arina4

B. Plantas me%ianas o artesanales %e arina Planta( arte(anale( 5&e "om$ran lo( e("arte( e $ota e(*irataa $ara (& tran('orma"i%n 'inal a *arina4 La $ota e(*irataa e( (ometia a o$era"ione( e e(arenao# &n (e)&no (e"ao  moliena4 De$enieno e lo( re5&erimiento( e lo( "liente( 'inale( e e(ta( $lanta(# (e realian me"la( e *arina e $ota e ba;a  alta "alia $ara "om$en(ar  brinar el nivel e $rote=na( e(eao4 . ecepcin %e la materia prima en planta



La $ota e(*irataa en (a"o( e( re"e$"ionaa $or la $lanta arte(anal en &na ona e alma"enamiento tem$oral4 A $artir e a*=# (e ini"ian la( o$era"ione( 'inale( $ara (& "onver(i%n 'inal a *arina4 /. 0esarena%o La $ota alma"enaa e( tra(laaa *a"ia &na arana vibratoria $ara e7traer la arena "ontenia4 La( $art="&la( e arena $a(an $or lo( ori'i"io( e la( malla( e la arana  (on retiraa(4 E( ne"e(aria la o$era"i%n e e(arenao# $or5&e la $ota e(*irataa e( (e"aa en la arena o (obre $l(ti"o(  al aire libre4 . +eg"n%o trocea%o La $ota e(arenaa e( tran($ortaa *a"ia &n $i"aor in&(trial# "on la 'inalia e 5&e (ea "ortaa  trit&raa en troo(# 'a"ilitano la o$era"i%n e (e"ao4 . +eca%o Para e(ta o$era"i%n (e &tilia &n (e"aor rotatorio4 A e(te (e"aor (e le a)re)a la materia $rima $or la bo"a e entraa  $or la bo"a e (alia tiene &n 5&emaor4 E(ta o$era"i%n re&"e la *&mea e la $ota e(*irataa *a(ta &n 104 1. olien%a Se realia en &n molino in&(trial e martillo(# $ara obtener &n $olvillo m( 'ino# *omo)!neo  e &na )ran&lometr=a e($e"='i"a e a"&ero a la( e($e"i'i"a"ione( e lo( "liente(4 11. A%icin %e anti5o6i%antes La( )ra(a( e la *arina arte(anal e $ota (e e(tabilian meiante la ai"i%n e &n antio7iante# e($&!( e "on"l&ia la moliena4 12. -nsa!"e



La *arina arte(anal e $ota e( tran($ortaa *a"ia &na balana en(a"aora# la "&al $o(ee &n $antal%n e en(a5&e (obre el "&al (e vierte la *arina# (ieno re"ibia en (a"o( e $oli$ro$ileno e +0 )4 13. Almacenamiento Ginalmente# la *arina e( )&araa en &na ona e alma"enamiento# 'ormano r&ma( e mil (a"o( "aa &na4 Previamente# ante( el armao e la( r&ma( (e realia &n tratamiento al (&elo e la ona e alma"enamiento a ba(e e "al  (obre ella (e "olo"an e(tera(4 La 'i)&ra 141 m&e(tra el ia)rama e 'l&;o el $ro"e(o e *arina e $ota arte(anal



!&%&$& Harina de *ota industrial&

A "ontin&a"i%n (e e("riben la( o$era"ione( el $ro"e(o in&(trial e la *arina e $ota# realiaa $or &na em$re(a 5&e (e &bi"a a la( a'&era( e la "i&a e Paita4 1. ecepcin %e la materia prima La $ota# en 'orma e e("arte o en e(tao 're("o# e( re"e$"ionaa en la $lanta4 E(ta materia $rima lle)a a la $lanta en "mara(# la( "&ale( e("ar)an en &na $oa e "on"reto4 2. Almacenamiento %e materia prima La materia $rima (e alma"ena en &na $oa e "on"reto armao 5&e "&enta "on &na( re;illa( e($e"iale( $ara 5&e la (an)&aa (ea renaa  iri)ia a la eta$a e "o""i%n4 CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


3. Coccin La materia $rima e( tra(laaa a trav!( e &n tran($ortaor *eli"oial *a"ia &n "o"inaor mi7to# '&n"ionano a &na tem$erat&ra 5&e o("ila entre ,+ – 100 C  $or e($a"io( e 10 a 1 min&to(4 E(ta o$era"i%n (e realia "on la 'inalia e "oa)&lar la( $rote=na(  rom$er el te;io ai$o(o e la materia $rima# lo 5&e $ermite retirar el a)&a# la( )ra(a(# a"eite(  re(i&o( vi("o(o( l=5&io( "ontenio( en la materia $rima4 Con la "o""i%n (e lo)ra re&"ir la *&mea e la $ota *a(ta &n +0  (e )enera &n e'l&ente# el "&al e( iri)io *a"ia el (e$araor e (%lio( $ara a$rove"*ar la maor "antia $o(ible e re(i&o( (%lio(  $rote=na( i(&elta( "ontenia(4

4. Pre5+trainer La ma(a e "o""i%n e( e("ar)aa a la $ren(a a trav!( e &n $re(trainer4 El $re(trainer e( &n i($o(itivo renaor 5&e $ermite la elimina"i%n e re(i&o( "entr='&)o(# $art="&la( 'ina(  a"eite( e la ma(a "o"ia# $ara 'a"ilitar &na %$tima o$era"i%n e $ren(ao4 Di"*a m5&ina "on(ta e &n tambor "olaor rotatorio# $ara 5&e el li"or $er"ole a trav!( e &na malla e($e"ial  lle)&en a la (i)&iente eta$a a5&ello( (%lio( (&("e$tible( e (er $ren(ao(4 E(te li"or e( iri)io *a"ia el (e$araor e (%lio( $ara re"&$erar a5&ello( re(i&o( $ara (& $ro"e(amiento 'inal a *arina e $ota4 ,. Prensa%o E(ta o$era"i%n "on(i(te en e7$oner a la ma(a "o"inaa a alta( $re(ione(  ba;a( velo"iae( e rota"i%n# $ara lo)rar &na e'i"iente (e$ara"i%n me"ni"a e lo( (%lio(  la( )ra(a(4 Con el $ren(ao (e obtiene o( $ro&"to(  Una 'a(e (%lia llamaa torta e $ren(a4 E( &n 5&e5&e "on m=nima "antia e a)&a  )ra(a4 CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


 Una 'a(e l=5&ia enominaa li"or e $ren(a4 E( &n "alo "on (i)ni'i"ativa "antia e (%lio( re"&$erable(4 E(ta 'a(e l=5&ia (e ;&nta "on el li"or $re(trainer $ara (er tratao( en &n (e$araor e (%lio(4 La o$era"i%n (e realia en &na $ren(a me"ni"a e oble tornillo 5&e "on(i(te en o( "ilinro( *&e"o( "on"!ntri"o(4 Caa "ilinro lleva '&ertemente (&;eta( &na( $la"a( e a"ero ino7iable 5&e tienen la '&n"i%n e tami4 Lo( o( tornillo( *eli"oiale( tienen 'orma a*&(aa  '&n"ionan )irano en ire""ione( o$&e(ta(4 La ma(a "o"ia entra $or la $arte e menor imetro el "ilinro# e( "om$rimia "on )ran '&era $ara obtener la torta e $ren(a 5&e va *a"ia la $arte m( an"*a  iri)ia al rom$e5&e5&e mientra( 5&e el li"or e $ren(a e("&rre a trav!( e re;illa(  tra(laaa al (e$araor e (%lio(4 La $ren(a e oble tornillo re&"e *a(ta &n 3+ a -0 la *&mea 5&e $&ee "ontener la $ota "o"ia4

. +epara%or %e sli%os E(ta o$era"i%n "on(i(te en el em$leo el e'l&ente e "o""i%n# el "alo $re (trainer  el li"or e $ren(a# 5&e en "on;&nto "ontienen a)&a# a"eite( e $ota# $rote=na( i(&elta(# (ale(  $art="&la( 'ina( la( "&ale( (on (e$araa( en &na 'a(e (%lia  otra l=5&ia4 E(ta (e$ara"i%n (e $ro&"e $or e'e"to( e &na '&era "entr='&)a 5&e ivie lo( e'l&ente( en o( 'a(e(  Una 'a(e (%lia llamaa (%lio( re"&$erable( 8o (e$arao(94 E(to( (%lio( en "on;&nto "on la torta e $ren(a in)re(an al rom$e5&e5&e4  Una 'a(e l=5&ia enominaa li"or e (e$araora4 E( tra(laaa a la( "entr='&)a(4 E(te tratamiento (e realia $revio "alentamiento "on va$or ire"to 5&e (e le a a lo( e'l&ente( a &na tem$erat&ra e ,+ C obtenieno &na %$tima (e$ara"i%n4 /. Centrif"gacin CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


El li"or e (e$araora e( "alentao en &n tan5&e "on va$or inire"to # e($&!(# e( llevao a &na "entr='&)a e i("o( "on tambor a&tolim$iante4 E(te li"or in)re(a a la "entr='&)a# obteni!no(e o( $ro&"to(  Un li"or "on ba;o $or"enta;e e )ra(a  (%lio( enominao a)&a e "ola# el "&al e( e7$&l(ao $eri%i"amente  e( llevao a la $lanta eva$oraora e a)&a e "ola4  Un a"eite 5&e (e env=a a &n tan5&e e alma"enamiento4 Por e'e"to( e la alta '&era "entr='&)a# tambi!n (e $ro&"en al)&no( (%lio( (e$arao( 5&e (on "om$a"tao( '&ertemente "ontra la $are el tambor4 6eiante &n (i(tema *ir&li"o en el 'ono el tambor# e(to( (%lio( (on e("ar)ao( a )ran velo"ia4 . -7aporacin (concentracin %e ag"a %e cola) El a)&a e "ola (e "on"entra $ara (er in"or$oraa en la torta e $ren(a4 E(ta o$era"i%n (e realia en eva$oraore( e tre( e'e"to(# "on va$or e a)&a a tem$erat&ra( e 120# 100  .0 C4 El a)&a e "ola a tratar "ontiene entre .  / e (&(tan"ia( (%lia( i(&elta(  e(t "om$&e(ta $rin"i$almente e amino"io(# $rote=na(  (ale( minerale(4 Al llevar(e a "abo la eva$ora"i%n# el a)&a e "ola a&menta (& "on"entra"i%n e (%lio( *a(ta (ei( ve"e( (& "on"entra"i%n ini"ial4 Con la in"or$ora"i%n e e(te "on"entrao a la torta e $ren(a (e enri5&e"e n&tri"ionalmente la *arina# a&menta el renimiento el $ro"e(o  (i)ni'i"a &n maor a$rove"*amiento e la materia $rima4 El "on"entrao e a)&a e "ola (e obtiene a &na tem$erat&ra e 2 C  en "on;&nto "on la torta e $ren(a (on tran($ortaa( al rom$e5&e5&e4 . ompe!"e!"e E( &n molino e(inte)raor  "om$a"to# 5&e (e en"ar)a e e(men&ar Fo e(*ila"*ar la torta e $ren(a# a(= "omo al)&no( (%lio( re"&$erable( 5&e (e obt&vieron el (e$araor e (%lio(  el "on"entrao e a)&a e "ola $roveniente e la eva$ora"i%n4



1. +eca%o E(ta o$era"i%n (e realia en &na (ola eta$a meiante &n (e"aor rotatorio e aire "aliente4 En e(ta eta$a (e re&"e la *&mea e la torta e $ren(a e 3+ – -0 *a(ta . – 10# obteni!no(e &na ma(a (e"a e $ota a &na tem$erat&ra a$ro7imaa e /+ C4 11. olien%a Se realia "on el ob;etivo e &ni'ormiar el $ro&"to# &tiliano &n molino e martillo( m%vile(4 La $ota (e"a (e e(inte)ra $or el im$a"to e lo( martillo(# 5&e )iran r$iamente en torno a &n e;e *oriontal tran('ormano la ma(a (e"a en &n $olvillo m( 'ino enominao *arina4 El molino lleva &na re;illa 5&e retiene la *arina e $ota# *a(ta 5&e (ea lo (&'i"ientemente 'ina "omo $ara $oer $a(ar lo( ori'i"io(4 Con e(te ti$o e molino (e obtiene &n $ro&"to *omo)!neo  e )ran&lometr=a &ni'orme4 12. -nfriamiento El $ro&"to 'inal (e en'r=a e(e &na tem$erat&ra a$ro7imaa e /+ C *a(ta lo( 32 C# $or meio e &n (i(tema e en'riamiento ne&mti"o "on'ormao $or &n ventilaor "entr='&)o  &n &"to 5&e la lleva *a(ta &n "i"l%n 5&e (e &bi"a '&era e la (ala e en(a5&e4 En e(ta ona (e "ole"ta el $ro&"to 'inal  $or meio e &n tran($ortaor *eli"oial e( enviao a la tolva e ai"i%n e antio7iante(4 13. A%icin %e anti5o6i%antes La *arina en'riaa (e e(tabilia meiante &na ai"i%n e antio7iante 8Eto7i5&ina9 a ra%n e 00 a +0 $$m4 E(te "om$&e(to (e me"la "on la *arina en &n tran($ortaor me"laor# $a(ano a &n tran($ortaor alimentaor e la tolva e en(a5&e4 14. -nsa!"e La *arina e $ota e( $e(aa en &na balana a&tomti"a  en(a"aa en (a"o( e $oli$ro$ileno# (ieno "erraa( "on m5&ina e "o(er e "abeal 'i;o o e mano4 Lo( $e(o( e lo( (a"o( e *arina (on e 2+ o +0 ) "aa &no4



1,. Almacenamiento Lo( (a"o( e *arina e $ota (on e(tibao( en el alma"!n e la $lanta# $ara (& $erioo e e(tabilia"i%n  anli(i( $ara (& $o(terior e($a"*o4 La 'i)&ra 142 $re(enta el ia)rama e 'l&;o el $ro"e(o e *arina e $ota in&(trial



An,lisis 6ODA de la *ota&

8ortale9as

 E( &no e lo( $rin"i$ale( $ro&"to( e e7$orta"i%n no trai"ional el territorio $er&ano4  Pro&"to e banera4  Po(ee &n vol&men e e7$orta"i%n 5&e (e *a io in"rementao en 'orma notable ebio a lo( ba;o( $re"io(4  ran variea e $re(enta"ione( 5&e im$&l(an &na emana interna"ional "aa ve maor4  G&ente e alimento n&tritivo $ara animale( $e"e(  $ara la a)ri"<&ra4  Di($onibilia e (ervi"io( e tran($orte4  Ubi"a"i%n e(trat!)i"a e n&e(tro( $&erto( $ara lo( mer"ao( a(iti"o(4 CURSO – PROCESOS INDUSTRIAL II TALARA – Noviembre 2013


port"ni%a%  Derivao( "on maor $oten"ial e emana4  La e7$lota"i%n e la $ota e7$lotan el $oten"ial e e(arrollo e la( ona( one (e en"&entran e(to( $ro&"to(4  La "re"iente emana $or $ro&"to(4  Alto valor $rotei"o 5&e var=a entre el /0/- 4  Se e(t ini"iano el $ro"e(o $ara in"l&irlo en alimento( $ara la( $er(ona(4  a;o "o(to4  In"remento el "on(&mo interno4  Inter!( e n&evo( inver(ioni(ta(4  A$oo el E(tao $ara $romo"i%n interna# TLC "on C*ina# UE  otro(4 0ebili%a%es  Lo( meio( e e7$orta"i%n no (on lo( me;ore(# lo 5&e o"a(iona &na emora en el env=o  5&e (e a&menten lo( )a(to( e e(ta4  Lo( mer"ao( e e(tino no (e e(tn in"rementano4  Tailania liera el mer"ao e e7$orta"i%n e $ota a nivel m&nial4  Co(to( e e7tra""i%n "om$etitivo(4  In'ormalia en la $e("a arte(anal4  H&lnerabilia en la( "oni"ione( "limatol%)i"a(4  a;o nivel te"nol%)i"o  Caena e 'r=o $o"o e(arrollaa4  a;o $oer e ne)o"ia"i%n en la( em$re(a( e7$ortaora(4

Amena9as  Problema( en Paita# ebio a la "on"e(i%n e (& n&evo terminal# a'e"tano ire"tamente al $ro&"to# a 5&e# en e(ta ona (e en"&entra m&"*o e e(te $ro&"to4  La( e7$orta"ione( a lo( $rin"i$ale( $a=(e( vienen i(min&eno4  El +0 e la( e7$orta"ione( (e "on"entra en , em$re(a(4  Ale;amiento e la e($e"ie4  Debilia el %lar4  a;a e lo( $re"io( e e7$orta"i%n



Conclusiones&

La viabilia e la $ota (e (&(tenta en (& ab&nan"ia# valor n&tritivo  am$lia variea e &(o(4 E(ta( "ara"ter=(ti"a( "ontrib&en al "re"imiento e (& mer"ao4

Si bien e( "ierto 5&e e7i(ten iver(a( e($e"ie( 5&e $&een "om$etir ire"tamente "on la $ota# (& "a$t&ra $&ee realiar(e "a(i &rante too el a:o  e(to "on(tit&e &na venta;a4 A(imi(mo# la $ota $&ee em$lear(e "omo (&(tit&to e otro( "e'al%$oo( m( e("a(o( "omo el $&l$o  el "alamar4

La *arina e $ota (e "on(tit&e en &no e lo( $ro&"to( e maor emana interna"ional  "&a $ro&""i%n "re"e "aa a:o4 De la( a&toriae( e in(tan"ia( (&$eriore( e$ene a (&$ervi(i%n "on(tante  vi)ilan"ia e lo( $ro"e(o(# lo( "&ale( ebern emo(trar &n "orre"to "ontrol e "alia  (in alterar a:o( en la( e($e"ie( *irobiol%)i"a(  en el meio ambiente en )eneral4



ANE9OS




PRODUCCIÓN DE HARINA DE POTA

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