Percobaan I - Lipid

LAPORAN TERBAIK  PRAKTIKUM BIOKIMIA

PERCOBAAN I LIPID : ANALISA KUALITA KUA LITATIF TIF DAN KUANTITATIF KUANTITATIF KELOMPOK II

Irma Eviana

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Hanan

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Shelly Wi Wiarsih

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M Sa Samsul Ar Arifin

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Mich Michel elle le l!r l!ria ia S

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"elian iana Musan san#i

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Syar Syariifah 'a(hilah

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JURUSAN KIMIA FAKULTAS SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2014

ABSTRAK 

+elah (ila,u,an -erc!.aan yan/ .eru(ul i-i( ) Analisa $uali#a#if (an $uan#i#a#if yan/ .er#uuan un#u, mela,u,an analisa li-i( secara ,uali#a#if (an ,uan#i#a#if Analisa ,uali#a#if li-i( meli-u#i ui -er!,si(a ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in ui ,!les#er!l se(an/,an analisa ,uan#i#a#if meli-u#i -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan (an -enen#uan an/,a i!( rinsi- ui -er!,si(a yai#u rea,si !,si(asi yan/ (ii,u#i (en/an -em.e.asa I2  ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in yai#u rea,si hi(r!lisis mena(i asam lema,  /liser!l /liser!l (an asam f!sfa# f!sfa# ui ,!les#er!l yai#u -emu#usan -emu#usan i,a#an es#er -a(a asam lema, -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan yai#u rea,si sa-!nifi,asi -enen#uan an/,a i!( yai#u rea,si hal!/enasi Me#!(e yan/ (i/una,an -a(a analisa ,uali#a#if  yai#u -en/!m-le,san (an -en/en(a-an se(an/,an -a(a analisa ,uan#i#a#if yai#u #i#rasi i!(!me#ri (an #i#rasi asam .asa Hasil yan/ (i-er!leh yai#u -a(a analisa ,uali#a#if ui -er!,si(a -a(a minya, /!ren/ .aru laru#an .er7arna un/u (an #er(a-a# ,!l!i( minya, -a(a .a/ian a#as #en/ah (an .a7ah minya, /!ren/ #en/i, laru#an .er7arna se(i,i# un/u (an #er(a-a# ,!l!i( minya, -a(a .a/ian a#as (an .a7ah minya, ai#un laru#an .er7arna un/u  minya, minya, mie laru#an .er7arna .er7arna se(i,i# un/u ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in men/hasil,an ui -!si#if (en/an #er.en#u,  7arna laru#an ,eruh ,e,unin/an (en/an #er.en#u,nya en(a-an ui ,!les#er!l -a(a minya, ai#un men/hasil,an 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/ minya, i,an #er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana la-isan a#as a(alah minya, (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna merah  -u#ih #elur .e.e, #er.en#u, laru#an .er7arna -u#ih ,unin/ #elur .e.e, #er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana .a/ian a#as .er7arna !ran/e (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna -u#ih ,eruh mar/arine #er.en#u, 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/ (imana la-isan a#as a/a,  ,eruh a(a analisa ,uan#i#a#if an/,a -enya.unan -a(a minya, /!ren/ .aru (an #en/i, masin/  masin/ se.esar :308 (an :364 (en/an ;M ra#a:ra#a minya,  /!ren/ .aru (an #en/i, se.esar : 54545 /r
$a#a ,unci ) i-i( An/,a -enya.unan =i ,!les#er!l =i er!,si(a

ABSTRACT

Have Have

-erf -erf!r !rme me( (

e>-e e>-eri rime men# n#s s

en#i en#i#l #le( e(

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*uan#i#a#ive *uan#i#a#ive Analysis? Analysis? #ha# aims #! analye #he @uali#a#ive an( @uan#i#a#iv @uan#i#a#ivee li-i( *uali#a#ive analysis !f li-i( -er!>i(es inclu(e #es# #es# -h!s-ha#e in leci#hin ch!le ch!les# s#er! er!ll

#es# #es# 7her 7herea eass

@uan @uan#i# #i#a# a#iv ivee analy analysis sis inv! inv!lv lves es (e#er (e#ermi mini nin/ n/ #he #he

sa-!nifica#i! sa-!nifica#i!n n num.er num.er an( (e#ermina#i!n (e#ermina#i!n !f i!(ine i!(ine num.er num.er +he -rinci-le !f #he #es# -er!>i(e !>i(a#i!n reac#i!n is f!ll!7e( .y -em.e.asa I2 -h!s-ha#e #es# in 7hich 7hich hy(r! hy(r!lys lysis is !f leci#h leci#hin in in#! in#! fa##y fa##y aci(s aci(s /lycer! /lycer!ll an( -h!s-h!s-h!r h!ric ic aci( aci( ch!les#er!l #es# #ha# is .rea,in/ #he es#er .!n( in #he fa##y aci( namely #he (e#ermina#i!n !f sa-!nifica#i!n num.er sa-!nifica#i!n reac#i!n #he (e#ermina#i!n !f i!(ine i!(ine num.er num.er !f reac#i! reac#i!ns ns hal!/e hal!/ena# na#e( e( +he +he me#h!( me#h!( use( use( in @uali#a @uali#a#iv #ivee analy analysi siss c!m-l c!m-le> e>in in/ / an( an( -reci -reci-i -i#a# #a#i! i!n n 7her 7hereas eas #he #he @uan @uan#i #i#a# #a#iv ivee analy analysis sis i!(!me#ric #i#ra#i!n an( aci(:.ase #i#ra#i!n +he resul#s !.#aine( are in @uali#a#ive analysis #he -er!>i(e #es# !n a ne7 c!!,in/ !il -ur-le s!lu#i!n an( c!ll!i(al !il c!n#aine( in #he u--er mi((le an( .!##!m ranci( c!!,in/ !il sli/h#ly -ur-le c!l!re( s!lu#i!n an( c!ll!i( c!n#aine( !il !n #he #!- an( .!##!m !live !il s!lu#i!n  -ur-le !il n!!(les sli/h#ly -ur-le c!l!re( s!lu#i!n -h!s-ha#e #es# !n leci#hin  -r!(uce a -!si#ive #es# 7i#h mur,y yell!7ish c!l!r !f #he s!lu#i!n f!rme( f !rme( .y #he f!rma#i!n f!rma#i!n !f (e-!si#s (e-!si#s ch!les#er!l ch!les#er!l #es# in !live !il -r!(uces -r!(uces #7! layers !f yell!7 fish !il f!rme( #7! layers 7here #he u--er layer is a layer !f !il an( un(er #he re( 7hi#e (uc, e// 7hi#e s!lu#i!n is f!rme( (uc, e// y!l, f!rme( #7! layers 7here #he u--er an( l!7er layers !f !ran/e 7hi#e #ur.i( mar/arine f!rme( #7! layers !f  yell! yell!7 7 7here 7here #he #he #!#!- layer layer is ra#h ra#her er mur,y mur,y In #he #he @uan @uan#i #i#a# #a#iv ivee analy analysis sis sa-!n sa-!nif ifica ica#i! #i!n n num. num.er erss !n ne7 ne7 an( an( ranci( ranci( c!!, c!!,in in/ / !il !il resres-ec# ec#iv ively ely : each each am!un#in/ #! :308 an( :364 7i#h an avera/e ;M ne7 an( ranci( c!!,in/ !il f!r : 54545 / < m!l an( : 46154 / < m!l

$ey7!r(s) i-i(s 'i/ures sa-!nifica#i!n ch!les#er!l #es# +es# +es# er!>i(e

PERCOBAAN 1 LIPID : ANALISA KUALITA KUA LITATIF TIF DAN KUANTITATIF KUANTITATIF I. TUJUAN TUJUAN PERCOB PERCOBAAN AAN

Mela,u,an analisa li-i( secara ,uali#a#if (an ,uan#i#a#if  II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

21 "efinisi i-i( i-i( meru-a,a meru-a,a salah sa#u ,el!m-!, ,el!m-!, senya7a senya7a !r/ani, !r/ani, yan/ #er(a-a# #er(a-a# (alam #um.uhan he7an a#u manusia (an san/a# .er/una .a/i ,ehi(u-an manusia ema, (an senya7a !r/ani, yan/ mem-unyai sifa# fisi,a se-er#i lema, (imasu,,an (alam sa#u ,el!m-!, yai#u ,el!m-!, li-i( Sifa# fisi,a yan/ (ima,su( a(alah #i(a, laru# (alam air #e#a-i laru# (alam sa#u a#au le.ih -elaru# !r/ani, !r/ani, se-er#i e#er ase#!n ,l!r!f!rm ,l!r!f!rm a(a hu.un/anny hu.un/annyaa (en/an asam  asam lema, a#au es#ernya (an mem-unyai ,emun/,inan (i/una,an !leh ma,hlu, hi(u- !e(ia(i 1994B 22 'un/si 'un/si i-i( i-i(a i-i(a mem-unyai mem-unyai .e.era-a .e.era-a fun/si (ian#aranya (ian#aranya a(alah ,!m-!nen s#ru,#ural mem.ran .ahan .a,ar la-isan -elin(un/ vi#amin (an h!rm!n Selain i#u se.a/ai -enyim-an ener/i (an #rans-!r# ,!m-!nen (in(in/ sel (an -enyam-ai ,imia a/e 1981B Menuru# 'essen(en 1981B fun/si li-i( yai#u a +ri/li i/lise seri ri( (a +ri/l +ri/liser iseri(a i(a meru-a meru-a,an ,an .en#u, .en#u, lema, lema, yan/ yan/ -alin/ -alin/ efisien efisien un#u,  un#u,  menyim-an ,al!r  ,al!r yan/ -en#in/ un#u, -r!ses yan/ mem.u#uh,an ener ener/i /i (alam (alam #u.u #u.uh h +ri/ +ri/li lise seri( ri(aa u/a u/a memmem-uny unyai ai fun/ fun/si si se.a/ se.a/ai ai  .an#alan #ulan/ (an !r/an vi#al yan/ melin(un/i !r/an:!r/an !r/an:!r/an (ari /!ncan/an  . '!sf!li-i( '!sf '!sf!l !lii-i( i( a(al a(alah ah li-i li-i( ( yan/ an/ men/a en/an( n(un un/ / /u/u /u/uss es#e es#err f!sf f!sfa# a# f!sf!/liseri(a yan/ .erhu.un/an (en/an lema, (an minya, Senya7a

ini .iasa men/an(un/ es#er asam lema, -a(a (ua /liser!l (en/an sua#u es#er f!sfa# -a(a -!sisi ,e#i/a '!sf!/liseri(a mem-unyai sifa# hi(r!f!. (an hi(r!fil 24 Sifa# : Sifa# ema,  Menuru# !e(ia(i 1994B sifa#:sifa# fisi, lema, a(alah #i(a, laru# (alam air #e#a-i laru# (alam sa#u a#au le.ih (ari sa#u -elaru# !r/ani,  misalnya e#er ase#!n ,l!r!f!rm .enena yan/ mem-unyai ,emun/,inan (i/una,an !leh ma,hlu, hi(u- Se(an/,an sifa#:sifa# ,imia lema, a(alah ) lema, ne#ral (en/an uni# -enyusunnya asam lema, yan/ ran#ai ,ar.!nnya  -anan/ #i(a, laru# (alam air laru# (en/an -elaru# !r/ani, +i#i, le.ur  lema, (a-a# (i-en/aruhi !leh .anya, se(i,i#nya i,a#an ran/,a- (ari asam lema, yan/ mena(i -enyusunnya

25 $!m-!nen enyusun ema,  251 liser!l a(a suhu ,amar /liser!l a(alah a# cair yan/ #i(a, .er7arna ne#ral #erha(a- la,mus ,en#al (an rasanya manis "alam ,ea(aan murni .ersifa# hi/r!s,!-is "ehi(rasi /liser!l (a-a# #era(i ,arena  -enam.ahan $HSC 4 -a(a suhu #in//i Hasil (ehi(rasi a(alah al(ehi( alifa#i, yan/ mem-unyai ar!ma ,has Dea,si ini serin/ (i-a,ai un#u,  i(en#ifi,asi /liser!l H 2C

OH

HC

OH

H 2C

OH

 

liser!l Sumar(!1998B

252 Asam:asam ema,  1 $e.era(aan Asam ema, 

Menuru# a/e 1981B asam lema, aran/ #er(a-a# .e.as (ialam #e#a-i #er(a-a# se.a/ai es#er (alam /a.un/an (en/an fun/si al,!h!l Asam lema, -a(a umumnya a(alah asam m!n!,ar.!,sila#  .eran#ai lurus Asam lema, -a(a umumnya mem-unyai umlah a#!m ,ar.!n /ena- ini .erar#i .anya, ,arena asam:asam lema,  (isin#esa #eru#ama (ua ,ar.!n se#ia- ,aliB Asam lema, (a-a# (ienuh,an a#au (a-a# mem-unyai sa#u a#au le.ih i,a#an ran/,a- ;en#u, sesun//uhnya (ari sua#u asam lema, .er,em.an/ (ari  .en#u, hi(r!,ar.!n in(u, $!nfi/urasi i,a#an ran/,a- (ari asam: asam lema, yan/ #er(a-a# (ialam -a(a umumnya a(alah cis R

C

C

C

C

R

R

cis

R

#rans

$enya#aan .ah7a alam le.ih menyu,ai asam:asam lema, #a,   enuh cis mun/,in .er#alian (en/an -en#in/nya senya7a:senya7a ini (alam s#ru,#ur mem.ran .i!l!/i a/e1981B 2 $lasifi,asi Asam ema, a $lasifi,asi asam lema, .er(asar,an i,a#annya ) 1 Asam lema, enuh Asam lema, enuh #i(a, mem-unyai i,a#an ran/,a(alam s#ru,#urnya ;e.era-a c!n#!h -en#in/ an#ara lain ) 3H& CCH 5H11 CCH &H15 CCH 11H23 CCH 13H2& CCH 1&H35 CCH 93H39 CCH 2 Asam lema, #a, enuh

) asam .u#ira# ) asam ,a-r!a# ) asam ,a-rila# ) asam laura# ) asam miris#a# ) asam s#eara# ) asam arachi(a#

Asam lema, #a, enuh a(alah asam lema, yan/ mem-unyai se.uah a#au le.ih i,a#an ran/,a- 2 (alam s#ru,#ur m!le,ulnya ;e.era-a c!n#!h asam lema, #a, enuh )

AEH2B5

H3 C

C H

AEH2B&

C H

CH2OOH

asam lema, -almi#!lea#B

EH2B&

H 3C

C H

C H

EH2B&

 

COOH

asam !lea#B H 3C

H2 C

C H

C H

H2 C

C H

C H

H2 C

C H

C H

H2B &

 

COOH

asam lin!lea#B  . $lasifi,asi asam lema, .er(asar,an (a-a# a#au #i(a,nya (isin#esis !leh #u.uh ) •

Asam lema, esensial Asam esensial yai#u asam lema, yan/ (i.u#uh,an !leh #u.uh #e#a-i #u.uh sen(iri #i(a, (a-a# mensin#esisnya Asam lema, ini (i-er!leh (ari luar yai#u (ari lema, ma,anan Asam ini mem-unyai 2 .uah a#au le.ih i,a#an ran/,a- (ua (i(alam s#ru,#ur m!le,ulnya !n#!h ) asam lin!lea# asam arachi(a#

•

Asam lema, n!nesensial Asam lema, n!nesensial yai#u asam lema, yan/ (i.u#uh,an

!leh

#u.uh

(an

#u.uh

sen(iri

(a-a#

mensin#esisnya Sumar(! 1998B 26 $lasifi,asi ema, 261 ;er(asar,an .en#u,nya -a(a suhu #er#en#u lema, (i.e(a,an ) a ema, -a(a# yai#u lema, yan/ a(a -a(a #em-era#ur u(ara  .iasanya .er7uu( -a(a !n#!h ) /aih  . ema, cair yai#u lema, yan/ -a(a suhu u(ara .iasa .er.en#u,  cair !n#!h ) e#an!l minya, ,ela-a 262 ;er(asar,an asal (arimana lema, (i(a-a# lema, (i.e(a,an )

a ema, he7ani yai#u lema, yan/ (i(a-a# (ari he7an  . ema, na.a#i yai#u lema, yan/ (i(a-a# (ari #um.uhan 263 ;er(asar,an i,a#an ran/,a- yan/ #er(a-a# (i s#ru,#ur m!le,ul lema,  (i.e(a,an) a ema, #a, enuh yai#u lema, yan/ mem-unyai 1 a#au le.ih i,a#an ran/,a . ema, enuh yai#u #ermasu, lema, yan/ #i(a, memili,i i,a#an ran/,a- -a(a asam lema, -enyusunnya 264

;er(asar,an lema, -enyusunnya lema, (i.e(a,an mena(i ) a

ema, se(erhana

 . ema, .erasam (ua c

ema, .erasam #i/a Har# 1983B

2& I(en#ifi,asi ema,  2&1 =i ,!les#er!l Menuru# !e(ia(i 1994B a(anya ,!les#er!l (a-a# (i#en#u,an (en/an men//una,an .e.era-a rea,si 7arna Salah sa#u (i an#aranya ialah rea,si Sal,!7s,i A-a.ila ,!les#er!l (ilaru#,an asam sulfa#  -e,a# (en/an ha#i:ha#i ma,a .a/ian asam .er7arna ,e,unin/an (en/an flu!resensi hiau .ila (i,enai cahaya ;a/ian ,l!r!f!rm a,an  .er7arna .iru (an yan/ .eru.ah mena(i mena(i merah (an un/u aru#an ,!les#er!l (alam ,l!r!f!rm .ila (i#am.ah anhi(ri(a asam ase#a# (an asam sulfa# -e,a# ma,a laru#an #erse.u# mula:mula a,an  .er7arna merah ,emu(ian .iru (an hiau Ini (ise.u# rea,si ie.erman ;urchar( Warna hiau yan/ #era(i ini #ernya#a se.an(in/ (en/an ,!nsen#rasi ,!les#er!l

CH3

CH CH3

CH2

CH2

CH2

CH

CH3

CH3 CH3

HO

S#ru,#ur ,!les#er!l !e(ia(i 1994B 2&2 =i -er!,si(a =i ini un#u, menen#u,an (eraa# ,e#i(a, enuhan asam lema, I!(ium (a-a# .erea,si (en/an i,a#an ran/,a- (alam asam lema, +iam!le,ul i!(ium men/a(a,an rea,si a(isi -a(a sua#u i,a#an ran/,a- Cleh ,arenanya ma,in .anya, i,a#an ran/,a- ma,in .anya, -ula i!(ium yan/ (a-a# .erea,si C

C

F

I2

C

C

I

I

!e(ia(i 1994 B ara yan/ serin/ (i/una,an un#u, menen#u,an an/,a -er!,si(a a(alah (en/an me#!(a #i#rasi i!(!me#ri "alam me#!(a ini minya,  (ilaru#,an ,e (alam laru#an asam ase#a# /lasial  ,l!r!f!rm 3)2B yan/ ,emu(ian (i#am.ah,an $I "alam cam-uran #erse.u# a,an #era(i rea,si $I (alam suasana asam (en/an -er!,si(a yan/ a,an mem.e.as,an I2 $emu(ian I 2 yan/ (i.e.as,an selanu#nya (i#i#rasi (en/an laru#an s#an(ar na#rium #i!sulfa# An7ar 1996B

2&3 =i f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in '!sfa#i(i,!lin a#au lesi#in .eru-a a# -a(a# luna, se-er#i lilin  .er7arna -u#ih (an (a-a# (iu.ah mena(i c!,la# .ila #er,ena cahaya (an .ersifa# hi/r!s,!-i, (an .ila (icam-ur (en/an air mem.en#u,  ,!l!i( esi#in laru# (alam semua -elaru# lema, ,ecuali ase#!n ;ila

lesi#in (i,!c!, (en/an asam sulfa# a,an #era(i asam f!sfa#i(a# (an ,!lin "an (i-anas,an (en/an asam a#au .asa a,an men/hasil,an asam lema, ,!lin /liser!l (an asam f!sfa# O

O

R2

C

H2C

O

O

EH H2C

C

R1

O

O

P

CH3 O

H2

H2

C

C

OH

N

+

CH3 CH3

'CS'A+I"I$CIG  6!e(0ia(i5 1994 B

28 Dea,si ema,  281 Dea,si Hi(r!lisa Menuru# Sumar(! 1998B rea,si hi(r!lisa a(a 3 macam) a Hi(r!lisa (en/an ,a#alis enim Enim li-ase (an -an,reas se.a/ai s#ea-sin (a-a# men/,a#alis hi(r!lisa lema, mena(i /liser!l (an asam:asam lema,  . Hi(r!lisa (en/an ,a#alis !,si(a in, !,si(a a#au ,alsium !,si(a men/hi(r!lisa lema, mena(i asas:asam lema, (an /liser!l c Hi(r!lisa (en/an .asa -enya.unan a#au sa-!nifi,asiB Dea,si lema, (en/an laru#an .asa ,ua# a,an men/hasil,an /liser!l (an sa.un 282 Dea,si hi(r!/enasi Hi(r!/enasi lema, #i(a, enuh (en/an a(anya ,a#alisa#!r  (i,enal se.a/ai -en/erasan secara ,!rmesial (i/ua,an un#u,  men/u.ah lema, cair mena(i lema, -a(a# Mayers 1992B 283 Dea,si hi(r!/er!lisis ema, .ila (irea,si,an (en/an hy(r!/en -a(a suhu #er#en#u a,an #er.!n/,ar mena(i /liser!l (an al,!h!l alifa#i, Sumar(! 1998B

284 Dea,si hal!/enasi Dea,si ini meru-a,an rea,si a(isi ;iasanya (i/una,an  .r!mium a#au i!(ium Sumar(! 1998B 285 Dea,si ,e#en/i,an Menuru# Sumar(! 1998B fa,#!r yan/ (a-a# mem-erce-a# rea,si ini a(alah !,si/en suhu cahaya (an l!/am:l!/am se.a/ai ,a#alisa#!r $e#en/i,an -a(a lema, enuh #eran#ai -en(e, #era(i ,arena -en/aruh hi(r!lisa -a(a u(ara lem.a. Se(an/,an -a(a lema,  #a, enuh .eran#ai -anan/ #era(i (alam 2 #in/,a# ) a +in/,a# I ) Hi(r!lisa lema, #a, enuh mena(i /liser!l (an asam: asam lema, #a, enuh  . +in/,a# II ) C,si(asi asam lema, #a, enuh !leh !,si/en mena(i asam ,ar.!,sila# .er.au #en/i, 29 Sa-!nifi,asi Sa.un meru-a,an /aram al,ali .iasanya /aram na#riumB (ari asam   asam lema, sa.un men/an(un/ #eru#ama /aram  16 (an 18 Gamun (a-a#  u/a men/an(un/ .e.era-a ,ar.!,sila# (en/an .!.!# a#!m le.ih ren(ah Dea,si -enya.unan H2C2H2B16H3 HC2H2B16H3

H2CH F 3GaCH

H2C2H2B16H3

: F HCH F3H3H2B16CC Ga

H2CH

$e/unaan sa.un a(alah ,emam-uannya men/emulsi ,!#!ran  .erminya, sehin//a (a-a# (i.uan/ (en/an -em.ilasan $emam-uan ini (ise.a.,an (ua sifa# sa.un er#ama ran#ai hi(r!,ar.!n se.uah m!le,ul sa.un laru# (alam a#:a# n!n-!lar $e(ua uun/ ani!n m!le,ul sa.un yan/ #er#ari, (alam air (i#!la, uun/ ani!n m!le,ul sa.un yan/ muncul (ari #e#esan minya, lain 'essen(en 1999B

210 Analisa $uan#i#a#if ema,<i-i( 2101 An/,a Asam

enen#uan me#!(e analisa ,uan#i#a#if lema, (en/an an/,a asam (en/an menam.ah,an umlah milli/ram rea/en yan/ (i/una,an yai#u $CH un#u, mene#ral,an asam lema, .e.as yan/  .erasal (ari 1 /ram lema, An/,a asam #erse.u# un#u,  menen#u,an .era# m!le,ul lema, < minya, 2102 An/,a enya.unan An/,a -enya.unan (i/una,an me#!(e ,uan#i#a#if (ari -r!ses  -enya.unan (en/an menam.ah,an umlah milli/ram $CH un#u,  menya.un,an 1 /ram minya,
212 +i#i, E,uivalen (an +i#i, A,hir +i#rasi !lume (alam umlah #er#en#u yan/ (i#am.ah,an #e-a# sama (en/an yan/ (i-erlu,an un#u, .erea,si sem-urna !leh a# yan/ (ianalisis (ise.u# se.a/ai #i#i, e,uivalen !lume (imana -eru.ahan 7arna in(i,a#!r  nam-a, !leh -en/ama# a(alah meru-a,an #i#i, a,hir +i#i, e,uivalen (an #i#i, a,hir #i(a, sama -a(a -ra,#i,nya #i#i, a,hir #erca-ai se#elah #i#i,  e,uivalen er.e(aan an#ara #i#i, a,hir (an #i#i, e,uivalen a(alah ,asalahan #i#i, a,hir yai#u ,esalahan aca, yan/ .er.e(a un#u, se#iasis#em $esalahan ini .ersifa# a(i#if (an (e#erminan (an nialinya (a-a# (ihi#un/ $h!-,ar 1990B

213

Analisa ;ahan 2131 A@ua(es H 2CB Sifa# fisi,

)mem-unyai .era# m!le,ul 18 /
Sifa# ,imia ).ersifa# -!lar laru# (alam (ime#il al,!h!l (an e#il e#an!a# mem-unyai i,a#an hi(r!/en mem-unyai #e#a-an (iele,#ri, #in//i ;asri  1996B 2132 hen!l-h#alein Sifa# fisi,

) ,ris#al #a, .er7arna (alam .en#u, cairan .er7arna  -u#ih ,e,unin/an

Sifa# ,imia ) mem-unyai rumus m!le,ul 20H14C4 laru# (alam al,!h!l (an -elaru# !r/ani, lainnya  #a, .er7arna (alam laru#an asam (an .er7arna merah mu(a (alam

laru#an

Muly!n! 2001B

2133 Asam ni#ra# HGC 3B

.asa  -eru.ahan

-H

82:100

Sifa# fisi,

) a# cair #i(a, .er7arna a#au a/a, ,e,unin/an mem-unyai #i#i, leleh  410 #i#i, (i(ih 830 (ensi#as 15 /
Sifa# ,imia ) asam an!r/ani, .erasa- (an ,!r!sif se.a/ai !,si(a#!r ,ua# Muly!n! 2001B 2134 Hl Sifa# fisi,

) #i#i, leleh 1140 #i#i, (i(ih :85 0 (ensi#as 12& u(ara J 1B /as #a, .er7arna .er.au #aam

Sifa# ,imia ) asam ,ua# san/a# laru# (alam air meru-a,an hasil rea,si an#ara Gal (an H2SC4 Muly!n! 2001B 2135 Am!nium m!li.(a# GH 4B2M!C4B Sifa# fisi,

) .er.en#u, cairan .enin/

Sifa# ,imia ) senya7a ini meru-a,an /aram (ari am!nia (an asam m!li.(a# rumus m!le,ul

GH4B2M!C4B

Muly!n! 2001B 2136 Asam Sulfa# H2SC4B Sifa# fisi,

) a# cair ,en#al #a, .er7arna #i#i, leleh 100 #i#i,  (i(ih 315:338 0 massa enis 18

Sifa# ,imia ) menyeru-ai minya, (an .ersifa# hi/r!s,!-is (alam laru#an cair .ersifa# asam ,ua# (alam ,ea(aan -e,a#  .ersifa# !,si(a#!r (an a# -en(ehi(rasi Muly!n! 2001B 213& $I Sifa# fisi,

) #i(a, .e7arna ,ris#al -u#ih #i#i, leleh 6800 (ensi#as 312

Sifa# ,imia ) laru# (alam air (an al,!h!l ran# 198&B 2138 $l!r!f!rm Hl 3B Sifa# fisi,

) cairan ernih #i(a, .e7arna .er.au menyen/a# rasa manis mem-unyai #i#i, leleh :1620 .era# enis 149 /
Sifa# ,imia ) mu(ah men/ua- -elaru# yan/ .ai, un#u, lema, #i(a, laru# (alam air Arsya( 2001B 2139 Amilum  6H10C5Bn Sifa# fisi,

) .er7arna -u#ih #an-a .au (an #an-a rasa

Sifa# ,imia ) #er(iri a#as ran#ai .erca.an/ m!le,ul m!le,ul /lu,!sa (ihasil,aan -a(a -r!ses f!#!sin#esis (alam #um.uh #um.uhan -enam.ahaan i!(in men/asil,an 7arna hi#am u(aa#ma,a 2003B 21310 E#an!l  2H5CHB Sifa# fisi,

) .eru-a cairan encer #a, .er7arna mem-unyai #i#i,  le.ur :11&0 #i#i, (i(ih &8 0

Sifa# ,imia ) (a-a# .ercam-ur (en/an e#er .enena /liser!l (an air .ersifa# hi(r!f!. (an hi(r!fil mu(ah #er.a,ar mu(ah #ercam-ur (an/an air (i/una,an un#u,   -elaru# ;asri 1996B 21311 Minya, ai#un Sifa# fisi,

) .er.au amis yan/ (ise.a.,an !leh #er.en#u,nya #rime#il amin (ari lesi#in mem-unyai #i#, leleh :60! (an #i#i, (i(ih 300 !

Sifa# ,imia ) men/an(un/ senya7a se-er#i fen!l #!,!fer!l s#er!l -i/men s@ualen (an #riasil /liser!l ;asri 1996B 21312 +elur ;e.e,  a(a -u#ih #elur a# yan/ #er,an(un/ -alin/ .anya, a(alah  -r!#ein al.umin (an yan/ -alin/ se(i,i# a(alah lema, ;asri 1996B 21313 esi#in Sifa# fisi,

) #ermasu, (alam /!l!n/an f!sf!li-i( .er7arna c!,la# cerah hin//a c!,la#

Sifa# ,imia ) se.a/ian laru# (alam air (an ase#!n laru# (alam ,l!r!f!rm (an .enena .iasa (i#emu,an -a(a ,acan/ ,e(elai (an #elur Willey 2001B 21314 Asam ase#a# /lasial Sifa# fisi,

) .eru-a cairan #a, .er7arna mem-unyai .era# m!le,ul 10209 /< #i#i, (i(ih 1396 ! (an #i#i,   .e,u :290!

Sifa# ,imia ) asam !r/ani, hasil fermen#asi al,!h!l .erfun/si se.a/ai -enyam.un/ /as ase#il (imana /u/us ini #i(a, (i-er!leh !leh asam ase#a# /lasial Muly!n! 2001B 21315 aru#an Hu.l Sifa# fisi,

) laru#an yan/ (i.ua# (en/an melaru#,an 25 /ram i!(in (an 3 /ram ra,sa IIIB ,l!ri(a (alam 100 cm 3 e#an!l 95K

Sifa# ,imia ) (i-a,ai se.a/ai -en/ui a(anya lema, #a, enuh Muly!n! 2001B 21316 Ga 2S2C3 Sifa# fisi,

) laru#an #a, .er7arna

Sifa# ,imia ) san/a# melaru#,an hali(a -era, yan/ san/a# laru# meru-a,an l!/am yan/ men/an(un/ i!n S 2C32: Muly!n! 2001B 2131& $CH Sifa# fisi,

) .eru-a a# cair #i(a, .er7arna mem-unyai #i#i,  (i(ih 34!

Sifa# ,imia ) mu(ah men/ua- mu(ah #er.a,ar se.a/ai -elaru# (an a# anes#esi (alam me(is Muly!n! 2001B 21318 Minya, i,an Sifa# fisi,

) .eru-a cairan .enin/ .er7arna ,unin/ mu(a .er.au amis .er.en#u, cair (en/an .era# enis se,i#ar 092 /
/<100/ an/,a -enya.unan 185:195 m/
#eru#ama

(imanfaa#,an

se.a/ai

sum.er 

vi#amin A (an " (an /!l!n/an lainnya a(alah minya, #u.uh i,an .!(y !ilB se-er#i halnya minya,  i,an lemuru Muly!n! 2001B 21319 Minya, !ren/ Minya, /!ren/ a(alah minya, yan/ .erasal (ari lema,  #um.uhan a#au he7an yan/ (imurni,an (an .er.en#u, cair (alam suhu ,amar (an .iasanya(i/una,an un#u, men//!ren/ .ahan ma,anan Minya, /!ren/ .erfun/si se.a/ai -en/an#ar -anas  -enam.ah rasa /urih (an -enam.ah nilai ,al!ri .ahan -an/an

Muly!n! 2001B

21320 Mar/arine Mar/arin ialah men#e/a .ua#an ;isa (i.ua# (ari minya, na.a#i a#au minya, he7ani ;isa u/a men/an(un/ susu sarin/an /aram (an  -en/emulsi Mar/arin men/an(un/ le.ih se(i,i# lema,   (ari-a(a men#e/a sehin//a mar/arin .anya, (i/una,an se.a/ai -en//an#i men#e/a A(a  u/a

mar/arin

ren(ah ,al!ri

yan/

men/an(un/

lema,

le.ih

se(i,i#Muly!n! 2001B

21321 Minya, Mie Ins#an Mie ins#an a(alah sum.er ,ar.!hi(ra# yan/ .u,an ,!m-le, ;ahannya #er.ua# (ari #eri/u #e-un/ yan/ (i-r!ses Ma,in (i-r!ses sum.er ,ar.!hi(ra# a(i ma,in ,uran/ seha# Selain i#u (i (alam ,emasan mie ins#an #er(a-a# #er(a-a# .um.u (an minya, ;um.u (an minya, ini

yan/ .i,in mie ins#an a(i ena, ,arena .anya, /aram -enye(a- (an lema,  (ari minya,Muly!n! 2001B

III. METODE PERCOBAAN 31 Ala# (an ;ahan 311 Ala# : elas .e,er enan/as air   : +a.un/ rea,si +erm!me#er   : elas u,ur i-e# #e#es : emanas Erlenmeyer   : en/a(u, ene-i# : ;ure# $lem : S#a#if +im.an/an anali#is

312 ;ahan : : : : : : : : : : : :

Minya, ai#un Asam ase#a# /lasial esi#in Amm!nium m!li.(a# Hu.l A Ga2S2C3 01 G E#an!l $CH In(i,a#!r -Mar/arine Minya, /!ren/ Minya, i,an

32 am.ar Ala# a elas ;e,er

. elas =,ur

$l!r!f!rm $I 10K (an 30K Asam ni#ra# -e,a# H2SC4 -e,a# Hu.l ; Amilum E#er   Al,!h!lis 05M A@ua(es Minya, Mie ins#an

c +a.un/ Dea,si

( i-e# +e#es

e ;ure#

/ s#a#if -ene-i# (an ,lem

f Erlenmeyer  

h en/a(u, 

33S,ema $era 331 Analisa $uali#a#if  3311 =i er!,si(a 1 m minya, /!ren/ .aru +a.un/ rea,si elaru#an ,e(alam 1 m ,l!r!f!rm enam.ahan 2 m asam ase#a# /lasial enam.ahan 1 #e#es laru#an $I 10K en/a(u,,an (an .iar,an selama 5 meni# Hasil 1 m minya, /!ren/ #en/i,  +a.un/ rea,si elaru#an ,e(alam 1 m ,l!r!f!rm enam.ahan 2 m asam ase#a# /lasial enam.ahan 1 #e#es laru#an $I 10K

en/a(u,,an (an .iar,an selama 5 meni# Hasil 1 m minya, ai#un +a.un/ rea,si elaru#an ,e(alam 1 m ,l!r!f!rm enam.ahan 2 m asam ase#a# /lasial enam.ahan 1 #e#es laru#an $I 10K en/a(u,,an (an .iar,an selama 5 meni# Hasil 1 m minya, mie +a.un/ rea,si elaru#an ,e(alam 1 m ,l!r!f!rm enam.ahan 2 m asam ase#a# /lasial enam.ahan 1 #e#es laru#an $I 10K en/a(u,,an (an .iar,an selama 5 meni# Hasil

3312 =i '!sfa# -a(a esi#in 2 m esi#in yan/ #elah laru# (alam al,!h!l +a.un/ rea,si

 

enam.ahan asam ni#ra# -e,a# emanasan (alam air men(i(ih enam.ahan laru#an am!nium m!li.(a# emanasan sam-ai 600  en/ama#an Hasil

3313 =i $!les#er!l i.erman:;uchar(B 2 m minya, i,an +a.un/ rea,si

enam.ahan 3 #e#es H2SC4 encam-uran hin//a mera#a   en/ama#an Hasil

2 m minya, ai#un +a.un/ rea,si enam.ahan 3 #e#es H 2SC4 encam-uran hin//a mera#a   en/ama#an Hasil

2 m laru#an ,unin/ #elur .e.e,  +a.un/ rea,si enam.ahan 3 #e#es H 2SC4 encam-uran hin//a mera#a   en/ama#an Hasil

2 m laru#an -u#ih #elur .e.e,  +a.un/ rea,si enam.ahan 3 #e#es H 2SC4 encam-uran hin//a mera#a   en/ama#an

Hasil

2 m mar/arin +a.un/ rea,si enam.ahan 3 #e#es H 2SC4 encam-uran hin//a mera#a en/ama#an Hasil 332 Analisa $uan#i#a#if  3321 enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan 1 /ram minya, /!ren/ .aru Erlenmeyer I enam.ahan 95 m e#an!l F 05 m e#er  enam.ahan 25 m $CH emanasan F 20 meni# en(iaman -a(a suhu ruan/ enam.ahan 3 #e#es in(i,a#!r -eni#rasian (en/an Hl Hasil

1 /ram minya, /!ren/#en/i,  Erlenmeyer II enam.ahan 95 m e#an!l F 05 m e#er  enam.ahan 25 m $CH emanasan F 20 meni# en(iaman -a(a suhu ruan/ enam.ahan 3 #e#es in(i,a#!r -eni#rasian (en/an Hl Hasil

1 /ram .lan,! a@ua(esB Erlenmeyer III enam.ahan 95 m e#an!l F 05 m e#er  enam.ahan 25 m $CH emanasan F 20 meni# en(iaman -a(a suhu ruan/ enam.ahan 3 #e#es in(i,a#!r -eni#rasian (en/an Hl Hasil IV. DATA PENGAMATAN

 G!

erla,uan

1

Analisa ,uali#a#if   a =i er!,si(a : -emasu,,an 1 m minya, sam-el minya, /!ren/ .aru < minya, /!ren/ #en/i, < minya,  ai#un < minya, mieB F 1 m ,l!r!f!rm F 2 m asam ase#a# /lasial F 1 #e#es laru#an $I 10K -en/a(u,an -en(iaman selama 5 meni#

Hasil

$e#

Minya, /!ren/ .aru ) laru#an  .er7arna un/u (an #er(a-a# ,!l!i( minya, -a(a .a/ian a#as #en/ah (an .a7ah Minya, /!ren/ #en/i, ) laru#an  .er7arna se(i,i# un/u (an #er(a-a# ,!l!i( minya, -a(a  .a/ian a#as (an .a7ah Minya, ai#un ) laru#an  .er7arna un/u Minya, mie ) laru#an .er7arna se(i,i# un/u

F

 . =i '!sfa# -a(a esi#in : lesi#in yan/ #elah (i laru#,an +er.en#u, laru#an .er7arna (alam al,!h!l F HGC 3 -e,a# ,unin/ -a(a .a/ian a#as (an  -emanasan -a(a -enan/as air  -u#ih ,eruh -a(a .a/ian .a7ah F laru#an amm!nium m!li.(a#  -emanasan ,em.ali sam-ai suhu 60L -en/ama#an -a(a  -eru.ahan  c =i $!les#er!l i.ermann: ;uchar(B : #a.un/ 1) 2 m minya, ai#un  .aru F 3 #e#es H2SC4 : #a.un/ 2 ) 2 m minya, i,an F

F

F F

F

+er.en#u, 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/

:

+er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana

F

3 #e#es H2SC4

: #a.un/ 3 ) 2 m -u#ih #elur  .e.e, F 3 #e#es H2SC4

+er.en#u,  -u#ih

.er7arna

:

: #a.un/ 4 ) 2 m ,unin/ #elur  .e.e, F 3 #e#es H2SC4

+er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana  .a/ian a#as .er7arna !ran/e (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna  -u#ih ,eruh

F

+er.en#u, 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/ (imana la-isan a#as a/a, ,eruh

:

:

2

la-isan a#as a(alah minya, (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna merah

#a.un/ 5 ) 2 m mar/arin F 3 #e#es H2SC4

laru#an

Analisa ,uan#i#a#if  aenen#uan an/,a -enya.unan Minya, /!ren/ .aru aru#an sam-el mena(i : 1 /ram minya, /!ren/ .aru F  .er7arna ,unin/ (an se(i,i# 95 m e#an!lF05 m e#er F 25 a(a ,!l!i( minya,  m $CH 05 M -emanasanF 20 meni# : enam.ahan 3 #e#es -aru#an sam-el mena(i se(i,i#  .er7arna !ran/e : eni#rasian(en/anHl Se#elah #i#rasi 7arna laru#an sam-el ,em.ali se-er#i a7al yai#u ,unin/ !lume Hl un#u, #i#rasi yai#u 255 m Minya, /!ren/ #en/i,  : 1 /ram minya, /!ren/ #en/i, F aru#an sam-el mena(i 95 m e#an!lF05 m e#er F 25  .er7arna ,unin/ ,ec!,la#an m $CH 05 M -emanasanF (an se(i,i# a(a ,!l!i( minya,  20 meni# : enam.ahan 3 #e#es -aru#an sam-el mena(i se(i,i#  .er7arna !ran/e : eni#rasian(en/anHl Se#elah #i#rasi 7arna laru#an sam-el ,em.ali se-er#i a7al yai#u ,unin/ !lume Hl un#u, #i#rasi yai#u 2&5 m ;lan,! a@ua(esB : 1 /ram .lan,! a@ua(esB F 95 aru#an sam-el mena(i m e#an!lF05 m e#er F 25 m  .er7arna ,unin/ $CH 05 M -emanasanF 20 meni# : enam.ahan 3 #e#es -aru#an sam-el mena(i se(i,i#  .er7arna !ran/e : eni#rasian(en/anHl Se#elah #i#rasi 7arna laru#an

sam-el ,em.ali se-er#i a7al yai#u ,unin/ !lume Hl un#u, #i#rasi yai#u 145 m

V. HIPOTESIS

erc!.aan ini .eru(ul i-i( ) Analisa $uali#a#if (an $uan#i#a#if yan/  .er#uuan un#u, mela,u,an analisa li-i( secara ,uali#a#if (an ,uan#i#a#if Analisa ,uali#a#if li-i( meli-u#i ui -er!,si(a ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in ui ,!les#er!l se(an/,an analisa ,uan#i#a#if meli-u#i -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan (an  -enen#uan an/,a i!( rinsi- ui -er!,si(a yai#u rea,si !,si(asi yan/ (ii,u#i (en/an -em.e.asa I2  ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in yai#u rea,si hi(r!lisis mena(i asam lema,  /liser!l (an asam f!sfa# ui ,!les#er!l yai#u -emu#usan i,a#an es#er -a(a asam lema, -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan yai#u rea,si sa-!nifi,asi -enen#uan an/,a i!( yai#u rea,si hal!/enasi Me#!(e yan/ (i/una,an -a(a analisa ,uali#a#if yai#u -en/!m-le,san (an -en/en(a-an se(an/,an -a(a analisa ,uan#i#a#if yai#u #i#rasi i!(!me#ri (an #i#rasi asam .asa Hasil yan/ a,an (i-er!leh yai#u -a(a analisa ,uali#a#if ui -er!,si(a -a(a minya, ai#un #i(a, men/an(un/ -er!,si(a ui -!si#if -er!,si(a yai#u a,an mem.en#u, 7arna un/u ,ehi#aman (en/an amilum ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in a,an menunu,,an hasil -!si#if (en/an #er.en#u, 7arna laru#an yan/ ,eruh (an ,unin/ ui ,!les#er!l -a(a minya, ai#un #i(a, men/an(un/ ,!les#er!l ui -!si#if ,!les#er!l yai#u #er.en#u, laru#an (en/an (ua la-isan (imana la-isan a#as .er7arna merah a(a analisa ,uan#i#a#if -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan -a(a minya, ai#un .esar (an -enen#uan an/,a i!( -a(a minya, ai#un a,an menunu,,an hasil yan/ ,ecil

VI. PEMBAHASAN

erc!.aan ini .eru(ul i-i( ) Analisa $uali#a#if (an $uan#i#a#if yan/  .er#uuan un#u, mela,u,an analisa li-i( secara ,uali#a#if (an ,uan#i#a#if Analisa ,uali#a#if li-i( meli-u#i ui -er!,si(a ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in ui ,!les#er!l se(an/,an analisa ,uan#i#a#if meli-u#i -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan (an  -enen#uan an/,a i!( rinsi- ui -er!,si(a yai#u rea,si !,si(asi yan/ (ii,u#i (en/an -em.e.asa I2  ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in yai#u rea,si hi(r!lisis mena(i asam lema,  /liser!l (an asam f!sfa# ui ,!les#er!l yai#u -emu#usan i,a#an es#er -a(a asam lema, -enen#uan an/,a -enya.unan yai#u rea,si sa-!nifi,asi -enen#uan an/,a i!( yai#u rea,si hal!/enasi Me#!(e yan/ (i/una,an -a(a analisa ,uali#a#if yai#u -en/!m-le,san (an -en/en(a-an se(an/,an -a(a analisa ,uan#i#a#if yai#u #i#rasi i!(!me#ri (an #i#rasi asam .asa 61 Analisa $uali#a#if i-i( 611 =i er!,si(a =i -er!,si(a ini .er#uuan un#u, men/e#ahui a(a #i(a,nya -er!,si(a (alam sam-el ui .eru-a minya, ai#un (en/an in(i,a#!r amilum rinsi -erc!.aan ini a(alah rea,si hi(r!lisis (an rea,si re(!,s i-i(
men/!,si(asi $I sehin//a mem.e.as,an I2 $e.era(aan I2  ,emu(ian (ianalisis (en/an amilum Me#!(e yan/ (i/una,an -a(a ui ini a(alah  -en/en(a-an (an -en/!m-le,san Sam-el yan/ (i/una,an -a(a ui ini a(alah minya, ai#un .aru (an minya, ai#un yan/ su(ah (i.iar,an #er.u,a #en/i,B +uuan (ari variasi sam-el a(alah un#u, men/e#ahui  -er.an(in/an a(anya -er!,si(a yan/ #er,an(un/ (i (alamnya a(a ui ini #a.un/ 1 .erisi minya, .aru (an #a.un/ 2 .erisi minya,  lama yai#u minya, elan#ah lama #a.un/ 3 .erisi minya, mie (an #a.un/ 4 .erisi minya, ai#un $emu(ian ,e(uanya (ilaru#,an (alam 1 ml ,l!r!f!rm +uuan (ari -en//unaan ,l!r!f!rm a(alah a/ar minya, (a-a# laru# (en/an sem-urna Sesuai (en/an -rinsi- li,e (iss!lves li,eN (imana senya7a (en/an ,e-!laran yan/ sama a,an salin/ melaru#,an Minya,  yan/ .ersifa# n!n -!lar (a-a# laru# -a(a ,l!r!f!rm yan/ u/a .ersifa# n!n  -!lar $emu(ian (i#am.ah,an (en/an asam ase#a# /lasial (an 3 #e#es laru#an $I 10 K +uuan (ari -enam.ahan asam ase#a# /lasial a(alah un#u,  men/hi(r!lisis lema, mena(i /liser!l (an asam lema, Se(an/,an  -enam.ahan $I .er#uuan se.a/ai !,si(a#!r %i,a #er(a-a# -er!,si(a (i (alam minya, ma,a -er!,si(a #erse.u# a,an mere(u,si $I sehin//a mem.e.as,an I2 rea,si hi(r!lisis) O H 2C

HC

O

O

C O C O

H 2C

O

C

R1

R2

+ +F3 H 2C

R3

#ri/liseri(a

 

H 2C

OH

D 1

HC

OH

F 3 D 2

H 2C

OH

D 3

/liser!l

CHOOH

COOH

CHOOH

'essen(en 1999B

asam lema, 

Hi(r!-er!,sia yan/ #er.en#u, a,an .erea,si (en/an $I (an mem.e.as,an I2 $e.era(aan i!(in ini (iui (en/an in(i,a#!r  amilum Amilum (i/una,an se.a/ai in(i,a#!r ,arena saa# amilum  .erea,si (en/an I2 a,an mem.eri,an -eru.ahan 7arna mena(i un/u ,ehi#aman Menuru# Halli7el 2000B rea,si hi(r!-er!,si(a (en/an  -enam.ahan $I .erle.ih)

HF hea# DCH F 2 $CH : F I2

DCCH F 2$I F H2C

(an me,anisme #er.en#u,nya -er!,si(a (an ra(i,al .e.as -a(a li-i( meli-u#i 3 #aha- rea,si) 1 Inisiasi H F O• ='A 1 ra(i,al

• F OH li-i( ra(i,al n!n ra(i,al

2 r!-asi • F C2 CC• Da(i,al i-i( 1 Da(i,al -er!,si(a li-i( • CC F H CCH F • Da(i,al -er!,si(a li-i( ='A 2 Hi(r!,si(a li-i( ra(i,al li-i( 2 3 +erminasi • F CC•  • F vi# E • i# E F • er!,si(a li-i( a(alah rea,si

CCH H F vi# E• H F vi# E!,s -enyeran/an ra(i,al .e.as

#erha(a- asam lema, #i(a, enuh ama, ='AB yan/ men/an(un/ se(i,i#nya #i/a i,a#an ran/,a- Dea,si ini (a-a# #era(i secara alami (i(alam #u.uh yan/ men/a,i.a#,an !leh -em.en#u,an ra(i,al  .e.as secara en(!/en (ari -r!ses me#a.!lisme er!,si(asi li-i( (i inisiasi !leh ra(i,al .e.as se-er#i ra(i,al ani!n su-er!,si(a ra(i,al hi(r!,sil (an ra(i,al -er!,sil Da(i,al .e.as a(alah m!le,ul yan/ ,ehilan/an sa#u .uah ele,#r!n (ari -asan/an ele ,#r!n .e.asnya a#au meru-a,an hasil -emisahan h!m!li#i, sua#u i,a#an ,!valen Da(i,al  .e.as secara .er,esinam.un/an (a-a# (i.ua# !leh #u.uh ,i#a Se#iara(i,al .e.as yan/ #er.en#u, !leh #u.uh (a-a# memulai sua#u rea,si  .eran#ai yan/ a,an #erus .erlanu# sam-ai ra(i,al .e.as ini (ihilan/,an !leh ra(i,al .e.as lain (an !leh sis#em an#i!,si(an #u.uh Murray 2003B

am.ar 1 ) er!,si(a li-i( -a(a asam lema, #a, enuh ran#ai  -anan/ Murray e# al2003B Hasil yan/ (i(a-a# (ari -erc!.aan ini a(alah ui -!si#if -a(a semua minya, yai#u minya, .aru yan/ masih #erse/el minya,   elan#ah lama minya, mie (an minya, ai#un yan/ (i#an(ai (en/an  -eru.ahan 7arna mena(i un/u hal ini men/in(i,asi,an .ah7a minya, .aru minya, elan#ah lama minya, mie (an minya, ai#un men/an(un/ -er!,si(a ,arena a(a rea,si (en/an in(i,a#!r amilum Seharusnya hasil -!si#if #i(a, (i#unu,,an -a(a minya, .aru yan/ masih #erse/el (an minya, ai#un (an hal ini mun/,in #era(i ,arena sam-el minya, .aru men/alami rea,si !,si(asi (en/an u(ara sehin//a men/alami ,e#en/i,an (an u/a cara -enyim-anan sam-el yan/ ,uran/ .ai, (a-a# mem.ua# minya, #erse.u# men/alami !,si(asi (an -a(a minya, ai#un mun/,in #era(i ,arena minya,  #erse.u# serin/ #er.u,a (an men/alami rea,si !,si(asi i,a#an ran/,a-

!leh

!,si/en

mem.e#u,

senya7a:senya7a

yan/

menim.ul,an .au #i(a, ena, se-er#i ,e#!n al(ehi(a (an -er!,si(a em.en#u,,an -er!,si(a a,an .er#am.ah (en/an .er#am.ahnya (eraa# ,eenuhan

612 =i '!sfa# -a(a esi#in erc!.aan ini .er#uuan un#u, men/e#ahui a(anya f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in Me#!(e -erc!.aan ini a(alah -en/en(a-an (an -rinsi- yan/ (i/una,an a(alah rea,si hi(r!lisis f!sf!li-i( mena(i asam lema,  /liser!l (an asam f!sfa#

'!sf!li-i( a(alah li-i( yan/ men/an(un/ /u/us es#er f!sfa# f!sf!/liseri(a

yan/

.erhu.un/an

(en/an

lema,

(an

minya,se(an/,an esi#in meru-a,an /!l!n/an f!sf!li-i( yan/ (ise.u# f!sfa#i(il,!lin yan/ .ersifa# laru# (alam al,!h!l e#er ,l!r!f!rm (an .ila .ercam-ur (en/an air mem.en#u, al,!h!l !e(ia(i 1994B  a(a ui f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in menyia-,an laru#an lesi#in yan/ #elah (ilaru#,an (alam al,!h!l $emu(ian (i#am.ah,an HGC3  -e,a# +uuan (ari -enam.ahan HGC 3 -e,a# ini a(alah un#u,  men/!,si(asi lesi#in yan/ #elah (ilaru#,an (alam al,!h!l #erse.u# $emu(ian (ila,u,an -emanasan +uuan (ari -emanasan ini a(alah un#u, mem-erce-a# rea,si (an a/ar laru#an #erse.u# (a-a# #erhi(r!lisis mena(i asam f!sfa# (an ,!lin Hasil yan/ (i-er!leh a(alah laru#an yan/ .er7arna ,unin/ Se#elah i#u (i#am.ah,an (en/an amm!niun m!li.(a# +uuan (ari -enam.ahan ini a(alah un#u,

mem-erce-a#

rea,si

,a#alisB

$emu(ian

(ila,u,an

 -emanasan ,em.ali "ari -erc!.aan ini (i-er!leh laru#an ,eruh yan/ .er7arna ,eruh ,unin/an Hal ini menunu,,an ui -!si#if   .ah7a (i (alam lesi#in men/an(un/ f!sfa#  Dea,si ,imia yan/ #era(i ) O O

R2

C

H2 C O

O

CH

C

H 2C

HO

H2 C

O

P

esi#in H 2C

H 36C4

O

N

H 3C

$!lin

613 =i $!les#er!l

CH 3

CH 2 N

O H 3C

CH 3

CH 2

HO

Asam '!sfa#

R1

CH 3

ASAM EMA$ 

CH 3

HGC 3 Asam Gi#ra#

erc!.aan ini .er#uuan un#u, men/e#ahui a(anya ,!les#er!l (i(alam li-i( Me#!(e yan/ (i/una,an a(alah -en/en(a-an (an  -rinsi- yan/ (i/una,an a(alah -emu#usan i,a#an es#er -a(a asam lema, $!les#er!l menuru# e(ar et al   2000B meru-a,an al,!h!l s#er!i( yan/ .er.en#u, -a(a suhu #u.uh .er.en#u, ,ris#al -u#ih (en/an #i#i, le.ur 145:150 0 yan/ #i(a, laru# (alam air #e#a-i laru# (alam -elaru# !r/ani, se-er#i e#er ,l!r!f!rm .enena (an ase#!n S#ru,#ur $!les#er!l menuru# e(ar et al  2000B se-er#i .eri,u# ini )

=i ini mema,ai #i/a sam-el yai#u minya, ai#un #elur   .e.e, -u#ih (an ,unin/ #elurB minya, i,an minya, he7aniB (an mar/arine +ia- sam-el (ilaru#,an (en/an ,l!r!f!rm fun/si (ari ,l!r!f!rm a(alah un#u, melaru#,an lema, ,arena sifa# (ari lema,  a#au li-i( a(alah n!n -!lar Sesuai (en/an -rinsi- li,e (iss!lves li,e ma,a senya7a n!n -!lar a,an laru# -a(a -elaru# n!n -!lar $emu(ian (i#am.ah,an (en/an asam sulfa# -e,a# H 2SC4B 'un/si H2SC4 un#u, memu#us,an i,a#an es#er -a(a lema, %i,a a(a ,!les#er!l a,an #er.en#u, la-isan merah -a(a -ermu,aan laru#an (an H2SC4 .er7arna ,unin/ Hasil yan/ (i-er!leh ialah -a(a sam-el minya, ai#un men/hasil,an 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/ yan/ menunu,,an hasil ne/a#if minya, i,an #er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana la-isan a#as a(alah minya, (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna merah yan/ menunu,,an

hasil -!si#if  -u#ih #elur .e.e, #er.en#u, laru#an .er7arna -u#ih y/ menunu,,an hasil ne/a#if ,unin/ #elur .e.e, #er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana .a/ian a#as .er7arna !ran/e (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna  -u#ih ,eruh yan/ menunu,,an hasil -!si#if  mar/arine #er.en#u, 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/ (imana la-isan a#as a/a, ,eruh yan/ menunu,,an hasil ne/a#if Hal #erse.u# menunu,,an ui ne/a#if  ,arena menuru# e(ar et al  2000B ,!les#er!l meru-a,an hasil me#a.!lisme in#erme(ier (ari he7an #er(a-a# (i arin/an he7anB !leh ,arena i#u .anya, #er(a-a# (alam .ahan ma,anan asal he7ani se-er#i (a/in/ #elur ha#i !#a, (an susu sehin//a (a-a# (isim-ul,an .ah7a minya, ai#un #i(a, men/an(un/ senya7a s#er!l al,!h!l Se(an/,an -a(a -u#ih #elur .e.e, menuru# $haan 1986B un#u, semua enis #elur -u#ih #elur #i(a, men/an(un/ ,!les#er!l ,arena -u#ih #elur men/an(un/ 8&K air (an 13K .ahan -a(a# n!n ,!les#er!l se(an/,an -a(a .a/ian ,unin/ #elur #er(iri (ari 50K  -a(a#an (an (ari seumlah ,unin/ se-er#i/anya a(alah -r!#ein (an (ua -er#i/anya a(alah li-i( s e r # a .anya, men/an(un/ ,!les#r!l (i.an(in/,an (en/an -u#ih #elur +a.el ,a(ar ,!les#er!l (a-a# (iliha# (i.a7ah ini )

Menuru# $haan 1986B ,e#i,a

(irea,si,an (en/an .e.era-a ui (a-a# (iliha# -a(a #a.el .eri,u# ini ) Sum.er $unin/ #elur i#i,

erea,si i.erman: ;urchar( F

erea,si S!l,!7s,i F

$unin/ #elur ayam ras $unin/ #elur ayam

F F

F F

 .uras $unin/ #elur -uyuh

F

F

a(a sam-el minya, i,an menunu,,an ui -!si#if yan/ men/hasil,an 7arna un/u (an .eru.ah mena(i c!,la# ,emerahan yan/ menunu,,an ,!les#er!l -a(a minya, i,an hal ini (i(u,un/  u/a !leh

M!n#es@ri# (an A(rial 2009B .ah7a minya, i,an

meru-a,an salah sa#u sum.er asam lema, #a, enuh ran/,a .anya, #eru#ama asam lema, P:3 yan/ (a-a# menin/,a#,an asam lema, P:3 (alam #u.uh #erna, =n#u, men/e#ahui ,an(un/an ,!les#er!l (alam .er.a/ai  .ahan ma,anan (a-a# (ila,u,an (en/an men//una,an .er.a/ai me#!(e -en/u,uran .ai, secara ,uali#a#if mau-un ,uan#i#a#if (ari me#!(e yan/ se(erhana sam-ai me#!(e yan/ ,!m-le,s +en#u saa se#ia- me#!(e memili,i ,ele.ihaan (an ,e,uran/an !leh ,arena i#u (alam #ulisan ini a,an (isai,an -en/u,uran ,a(ar ,!le#er!l (en/an me#!(e ie.erman:;urchar(s yan/ men//una,an ala# s-esifi,   .eru-a s-e,#r!f!#!me#er As#u#i 2010B

614

enen#uan An/,a enya.unan erc!.aan ini .er#uuan un#u, menen#u,an .era# m!le,ul ;MB -a(a minya, < lema, rinsi- yan/ (i/una,an a(alah rea,si  -enya.unan hi(r!lisis (en/an .asaB se(an/,an me#!(e yan/ (i/una,an a(alah #i#rasi asam .asa An/,a -enya.unan a(alah  umlah mili/ram $CH yan/ (i-erlu,an un#u, menya.un,an 1 /ram lema,
mem-erce-a#

-r!ses

-elaru#an

cam-uran

e#an!lFe#erFsam-el Se#elah i#u laru#an (i#am.ah,an (en/an $CH

al,!h!lis sehin//a #im.ul .asa +uuan (ari -enam.ahan $CH al,!h!lis a(alah un#u, menya.un,an minya, yai#u men/hi(r!lisis lema, sehin//a men/hasil,an /liser!l (an /aram asam lema, a#au sa.un Menuru# $e#aren 1986B rea,si yan/ #era(i )

C H2C D C HC2H2B16H3 C H2C2H2B16H3

H2CH

F$CH

HCH F 3DCC$ 

H2CH

Se#elah i#u (ila,u,an -emanasan (ia#as -enan/as air un#u,  mem-erce-a# rea,si -enya.unan Hal ini (a-a# #era(i ,e#i,a #em-era#ur nai, ma,a -ar#i,el:-ar#i,el m!le,ul yan/ #er(a-a# (alam laru#an .er/era, (en/an ce-a# sehin//a a,an le.ih serin/ #era(i #um.u,an an#ar -er#i,el (an rea,si (alam laru#an #erse.u# le.ih ce-a# $emu(ian laru#an (i(in/in,an yan/ .er#uuan a/ar saa# #i#rasi v!lume Hl yan/ (i-er!leh le.ih a,ura# (i.an(in/,an saa# laru#an sam-el masih -anas $emu(ian (i#am.ah,an (en/an  yan/  .erfun/si se.a/ai in(i,a#!r a/ar (a-a# menen#u,an #i#i, a,hir #i#rasi sehin//a #era(i -eru.ahan 7arna (ari laru#an .er7arna !ran/e mena(i ,unin/ Menuru# $e#aren 1986B me,anisme yan/ #era(i  -a(a saa# -eru.ahan 7arna in(ica#!r  yai#u)

=n#u, #i#rasi Hl (an $CH (ia#as (i/una,an in(ica#!r  ,arena #raye, -H in(ica#!r  a(alah se,i#ar 80:96 (imana -a(a #raye,  #erse.u# (e,a# (en/an #i#i, e,uivalen Hl (an $CH yai#u -a(a -H &0 %i,a (i/una,an in(ica#!r lain se-er#i MC ma,a #i#i, a,hir #i#rasi a,an #era(i le.ih (ahulu se.elum #i#i, e,uivalen Hal ini (a-a# mem.ua# -erhi#un/an analisis auh (ari a,ura# Dea,si an#ara $CH (en/an Hl ) $CH F Hl

$l F H2C

$l a,an #erhi(r!lisis mena(i Hl (an i!n CH : sehin//a mem.ua# laru#an mena(i .asa $ F F H2C l: F H2C

Hl F CH:

;era# m!le,ul ra#a:ra#a lema, un#u, minya, .aru se.esar  :54545 /r
Sema,in enuh sua#u ran#ai ,ar.!n (ari minya, ma,a i,a#an yan/ #er.en#u, a,an sema,in -en(e, ,arena a(anya i,a#an ran/,asehin//a .ilan/an -enya.unan yan/ (i(a-a#,an a,an sema,in ,ecil se(an/,an sema,in #i(a, enuh sua#u ran#ai ,ar.!n -a(a minya, ma,a ran#ai a,an sema,in -anan/ (an .ilan/an -enya.unan yan/ (i(a-a#,an -un a,an sema,in -anan/ Salira7a#i et al 200&B

VII. PENUTUP

&1 $esim-ulan &11 Analisa ,uali#a#if &111 =i -er!,si(a -a(a minya, /!ren/ .aru laru#an .er7arna un/u (an #er(a-a# ,!l!i( minya, -a(a .a/ian a#as #en/ah (an .a7ah minya,  /!ren/ #en/i, laru#an .er7arna se(i,i# un/u (an #er(a-a# ,!l!i( minya, 

 -a(a .a/ian a#as (an .a7ah minya, ai#un laru#an .er7arna un/u  minya, mie laru#an .er7arna se(i,i# un/u &112 =i f!sfa# -a(a lesi#in -!si#if men/an(un/ f!sfa# (en/an men/hasil,an laru#an .er7arna ,unin/ ,eruh (an #er.en#u,nya en(a-an &113 =i ,!les#er!l -a(a minya, ai#un men/hasil,an 2 la-isan  .er7arna ,unin/ minya, i,an #er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana la-isan a#as a(alah minya, (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna merah -u#ih #elur .e.e,  #er.en#u, laru#an .er7arna -u#ih ,unin/ #elur .e.e, #er.en#u, 2 la-isan (imana .a/ian a#as .er7arna !ran/e (an la-isan .a7ah .er7arna -u#ih ,eruh mar/arine #er.en#u, 2 la-isan .er7arna ,unin/ (imana la-isan a#as a/a, ,eruh

&12 Analisa ,uan#i#a#if &121 a(a analisa ,uan#i#a#if an/,a -enya.unan -a(a minya, /!ren/  .aru (an #en/i, masin/  masin/ se.esar :308 (an :364 (en/an ;M ra#a: ra#a minya, /!ren/ .aru (an #en/i, se.esar : 54545 /r
&2 Saran &21 Se.ai,nya

se.elum

(an

sesu(ah

-ra,#i,um ala#ala#

(i/una,an (icuci #erle.ih (ahulu a/ar s#eril &22 Se.ai,nya #i#rasi (ila,u,an (en/an #eli#i (an ha#i ha#i a/ar #i(a, #era(i ,esalahan

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Arsya( MG 2001 Kamus Kimia + rame(ia us#a,a =#ama %a,ar#a ;asriS 1996 , Kamus Kimia Dine,a i-#a %a,ar#a ;ra(y %ames 199& Kimia Universitas ;inaru-a A,sara %a,ar#a 'essen(en D 1982 , Organic Chemistry, Willar( ran# ress u.lisher =SA 'essen(en D 1999 , Organic Chemistry, Willar( ran# ress u.lisher =SA

yan/

ran# 198& Chemical Dictionary Mc ra7 Hill =SA Halli7ell an( u##eri(/e 1999  Free Radiack And In Biology and Medicine, C>f!r( =niversi#y ress Har#H 1983 , Organic ChemistryA !hort Course e(isi ,e 5 H!u/h#!n Miffin !m-any ;!s#!n $e#aren 1986 Minyak dan "emak #angan =I ress %a,ar#a $h!-,ar 1990 Konse$ Dasar Kimia Analitik  =I ress %a,ar#a $us7a#i(,, 2001 !ains Kimia ;umi A,sara %a,ar#a MayersA 1992 Biokimia %ar$er  ener.i# ;u,u $e(!,#eran %a,ar#a Muly!n! 2001 Kamus Kimia rasin(! ;an(un/ a/e"S 1981 #rinsi$$rinsi$ Biokimia Erlan//a %a,ar#a !e(ia(i 1994 Dasardasar Biokimia =niversi#as In(!nesia %a,ar#a u(aa#ma,a H 2003 Kamus Kimia Org ani, "e-(i,.u( %a,ar#a Sumar(!" 1998 Kimia Kedokteran Undi$ e(isi ,e 3 =niversi#as "i-!ne/!r! Semaran/ Willey % 2001  %a&ley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary e(isi ,e 14 %!hn Willey an( S!ns Inc Ge7 Q!r, 

EM;AD

EGESAHAG Semaran/ 1 2014

"esem.er

ra,#i,an

Irma Eviana 24030112120006

Hanan 24030112130045

Shelly Wiarsih 24030112130048

M Samsul Arifin 24030112130049

Michelle l!ria S 24030112130050

"eliana Musan#i 24030112130054

$a#erina % $ W 2403011213005&

Syarifah 'a(hilah G 24030112130058

Men/e#ahui Asis#en

*is#hy Hanifa#i H   24030111130066

LAMPIRAN Per!"#$%&$

Minya, lama #en/i,B An/,a -enya.unan

J

( b −a ) × [ KOH ] × 56

J 145:2&5B m > 05 M > 56 J :364 3 × 56 × 1000

;M ra#a:ra#a lema,

J

angka penyabunan 3 × 56 × 1000

(−364 )

J

J : 46154 /r
J

( b −a ) × [ KOH ] × 56

J 145:255B m > 05 M > 56 J :308 3 × 56 × 1000

;M ra#a:ra#a lema,

J

angka penyabunan 3 × 56 × 1000

J

(−308 )

J : 54545 /r
am.ar hasil -erc!.aan )