Cdvjrdo Auchdm Pejrh Eajojlh Lharj 4
Doggjpd Aecjlvja Xuohpd Vuodrh{ld -44444==67( Irdo{h{ad Md{pho Wucdo`drh -44444=7=7( Vhvhp Ead [dvuprh -44444=7=;(
4
@dipdr H{h>
Veogerphdo Lharj Lharj Eajojlh //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 4
[pruapur Vd{dr //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 2
Pejrh Verhcdau Ajo{uleo /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ;
Ecd{ph{hpd{ /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 0
Veo`eadpdo Pejrh verhcdau Ajo{uleo /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =
2
Pejrh Ide`dm Adr`hodc /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =
Pejrh Id`dm Jr`hodc ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 46
Veogdrum Cudr permd`dv Ajo{uleo /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////40
Iuog{h Cdogrdoge //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////4=
Kjopjm [jdc /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////48
D/ Veogerphdo Lharjeajojlh
Hclu eajojlh lharj - lharjeajojlh ( d`dcdm kdbdog `drh hclu eajojlh xdog lelvecdndrh {dpudo eajojlh {ekdrd ho`hyh`udc xdog lechvuph > pejrh verhcdau ajo{uleo –@“# pejrh verhcdau vrj`u{eo –[“# `do [pruapur vd{dr/ Eajojlh lharj leoechph leoech ph bdgdhldod berbdgdh aevupu{do `do verhcdau ajo{uleo Eajojlh lharj leoechph bdgdhldod berbdgdh aevupu{do `do verhcdau per{ebup leleogdrumh veodwdrdo `do verlhopddo dpd{ bdrdog `do nd{d# xdog dado leoeopuado mdrgd1 `do bdgdhldod mdrgd# vd`d ghchrdooxd# leoeopuado veodwdrdo `do verlhopddo bdrdog `do nd{d {ecdonupoxd/ Ho`hyh`u xdog lecdauado ajlbhod{h ajo{ul{h dpdu vrj`ua{h {ekdrd jvphldc# ber{dld,{dld ho`hyh`u cdhooxd `h vd{dr# dado lelbeopua {udpu ae{ehlbdogdo `dcdl {adcd ldarj1 `eogdo d{ul{h bdmwd {elud mdc cdho pepdv {dld - keperh{ vdrhbu{ (/ Aebdchado `drh eajojlh lharj hdcdm eajojlh ldarj# xdog lelbdmd{ daphyhpd{ eajojlh {ekdrd ae{ecurumdo# perupdld leogeodh verpulbumdo eajojlh# hoicd{h# veogdoggurdo# berbdgdh aebhndado vereajojlhdo xdog bermubuogdo# {erpd `dlvda dpd{ berdgdl pho`dado velerhopdm -lh{dcoxd verubdmdo phogadp vdnda (permd`dv mdc,mdc per{ebup/ Eajojlh ldarj lelvecdndrh ydrhdbec,ydrhdbec eajojlh {ekdrd dgregdp - a e{ecurumdo (/ Ver{dlddo `do Verbe`ddo Ldarjeajojlh `do Lharjeajojlh
Ver{dlddo >
Ae`udoxd bdghdo `drh hclu eajojlh
Ae`udoxd mdru{ d`d vhchmdo - `dcdl lelupu{ado {e{udpu (
Verbe`ddo > Verbe`ddo Mdrgd
Uohp dodch{h{
Punudo dodch{h{
Kjopjm
;
Lharjeajojlh Mdrgd hdcdm ohcdh `drh {udpu ajlj`hpd{ -bdrdog perpeopu {dnd( Velbdmd{do peopdog aeghdpdo eajojlh {ekdrd ho`hyh`udc/ Kjopjmoxd verlhopddo `do `do veodwdrdo# verhcdau ajo{uleo# verhcdau vrj`u{eo# vd{dr# veoerhlddo# bhdxd `do cdbd dpdu rugh veru{dmddo Cebhm lelijau{ado vd`d dodch{h{ peopdog kdrd leogdcjad{hado {ulber `dxd dgdr `dvdp `hkdvdh ajlbhod{h xdog pevdp mdrgd vd{dr# ld{dcdm ajlj`hpd{ perpeopu# `do {egdcd mdc xdog beradhpdo `eogdo bdghdo aekhc vereajojlhdo
Ldarjeajojlh Mdrgd d`dcdm ohcdh `drh ajlj`hpd{ {ekdrd dgregdp -ae{ecurumdo( Velbdmd{do peopdog aeghdpdo eajojlh{ekdrd ae{ecurumdo/ Kjopjmoxd veo`dvdpdo od{hjodc# verpulbumdo eajojlh# hoicd{h# veogdoggurdo# hoye{pd{h `do aebhndado eajojlh Cebhm lelijau{ado vd`d dodch{h{ peopdog veogdrum aeghdpdo eajojlh permd`dv vereajojlhdo {ekdrd ae{ecurumdo bdoxdaoxd veogdoggurdo# arh{h{ eajojlh# cdvdogdo aernd xdog {elvhp# arh{h{ ohcdh puadr ldpd udog# mupdog cudr oegerh# aelh{ahodo# `cc
B/ [pruapur Vd{dr
Lharjeajojlh nugd lelvecdndrh leogeodh vd{dr/ Xdog `hlda{u` `eogdo vd{dr d`dcdm hoperda{h dopdrd ajo{uleo –@“ `do vrj`u{eo –[“/ Kjopjm > uopua ajlj`hph ]
-nulcdm verlhopddo ](
mdrgd(
( 1 {ekdrd ldpeldph{ -xdog leoeopuado leoeopuado
Mhvjpe{h{oxd >
1 V ber{cjve oegdphi
d`d `ud ydrhdbec
, ,
>
{ebdgdh `eveo`eop ydrhdbce -xdog `hveogdrumh(
{ebdgdh ho`eveo`eop ydrhdbce -xdog lelveogdrumh(
kjopjm `dcdl grdih{ >
< i-
( kv
idapjr cdhooxd dopdrd cdho
> geo`er# veo`dvdpdo# {ecerd# `do v{hajcjgh{ ajo{uleo
mhvjpe{h{ >
< I-
( kv
grdiha
<
T ]
0
dado perbeopua
#
Vrj{e{ perbeopuaoxd mdrgd -vrhke( `hveogdrumh jcem {pruapur vd{droxd/ D`d `ud {pruapur vd{dr > d/ Vd{dr ver{dhogdo {elvurod -veriekp kjlvepdphjo( kjopjm bdrdog `dcdl vd{dr ver{dhogdo {elvurod {uchp `hpeluado `dcdl aemh`uvdo {emdrh, mdrh -upjvhd(# odluo {ekdrd pejrhph{ pejrhph { d`d# `hguodado uopua lelvecdndrh vd{dr ver{dhogdo ph`da {elvurod/ b/ Vd{dr ver{dhogdo ph`da {elvurod -hlveriekp kjlvepdphjo( ,ljojvjch
,jchgjvjch
,ver{dhogdo ljojvjch{pha
K/ Pejrh Verhcdau Ajo{uleo
. Ajo{uleo d`dcdm jrdog xdog lelvuoxdh veogmd{hcdo `do leogdcjad{hado veogmd{hcdooxd per{ebup uopua lecdauado ajo{ul{h/ H -hokjle( K -bdrdog1 nd{d( . Punudo leogajo{ul{h d`dcdm uopua lelverjcem aevud{do xdog lda{hlul -lda{hlh{d{h aevud{do( . Verld{dcdmdo
>
, lda{hlh{d{h aevud{do , kjo{prdhop* bdpd{do > hokjle -veo`dvdpdo( @dcdl {hpud{h {everph hoh ajo{uleo `hmd`dvado vd`d
@eldo` -@( * verlhopddo# xdhpu berbdgdh,bdgdh nulcdm bdrdog dpdu nd{d xdog bh{d `hguodado jcem ajo{uleo vd`d berbdgdh,bdgdh phogadp mdrgd/ j j
nulcdm bdrdog mdrgd bdrdog dado lelbeopua {udpu dru{* {kme`uce* auryd xdog `h{ebup auryd verlhopddo -`eldo` kurye(
@dpd mhvjpe{h{
2 0 9 42 46 = auryd verlhopddo >
= 9
46 0
42 2
42 ,,,,,,,,,,,,
46 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
=
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
9
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
0 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
6
5
2
0
9
=
46
42
Lj`ec Verlhopddo Bdrdog –]“ -{e`ermdod(
< I-
mhvjpe{h{ >
( kv
Nhad mdrgd bdrdog –]“ -
( berubdm ldad nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd nugd dado berubdm/
@/ Ecd{ph{hpd{
4/ Ldkdl Ecd{ph{hpd{
Ecd{ph{hpd{ Verlhopddo -@eldo` Ecd{phkhpx( D`dcdm re{vjo dpdu pdoggdvdo `erdndp verubdmdo bdrdog xdog `hlhopd {ebdgdh dahbdp verubdmdo mdrgd bdrdog per{ebup/
<
< < <
recdphi be{dr
–DRK ECD[PHKHPX“ kjopjm > phpha D
vrhke 42 46
T@ ;6 56
40 42 46
;6
9
56
ad{u{ 4 mdrgd puruo `drh D B
< < < <
< ,0
ad{u{ 2 mdrgd odha `drh B D
< < < <
<
,2 , ,
<
{emdru{oxd md{hcoxd {dld `eogdo ad{u{ 4# ldad velekdmdooxd >
7
@
<
mdrgd puruo `drh D ae B
< ,2#75
mdrgd odha `drh B ae D
< ,2#75
Pdo`d oegdphi mdoxd leouonuaado `dcdl auryd @ ber{cjve -,(1 drphoxd bhcd pernd`h aeodhado mdrgd {ebe{dr 4% ldad dado pernd`h verubdmdo bdrdog xdog `hlhopd puruo
{ebe{dr 2#75%# `do {ebdchaoxd/
Ecd{ph{phpd{ Mdrgd -Vrhke Ecd{phkhpx(
D`dcdm re{vjo dpdu pdoggdvdo verubdmdo nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd {ebdgdh dahbdp d`doxd verubdmdo bdrdog per{ebup/ ojpd{h
>
rulu{
>
<
Ecd{ph{hpd{ Veo`dvdpdo -Hokjle Ecd{phkhpx(
D`dcdm re{vjo dpdu pdoggdvdo verubdmdo nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd {ebdgdh dahbdp verubdmdo veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo/
ojpd{h
>
rulu{
>
<
Ecd{ph{hpd{ [hcdog -Krj{{ Ecd{phkhpx(
D`dcdm re{vjo dpdu pdoggdvdo `erdndp verubdmdo nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd {ebdgdh dahbdp verubdmdo mdrgd bdrdog xdog cdho/
ojpd{h
>
rulu{
>
<
Ecd{phkhpd{ Phpha -Vjhop Ecd{phkhpx(
chlhp
=
<
iuog{h verlhopddo >
‛
T < 205
;#5 V
(
{cjve -,(
kdrhcdm ecd{ph{hpd{ mdrgd verlhopddo vd`d {ddp mdrgd {ebe{dr 46 `do `haepdmuh T< 205
;#5 V
T < 205 ‛ ;#5 V < 205
‛
< ,;#5
;#5 -46(
< 246
<
< ,;#5 }
<,
< ,6#497
2
`haepdmuh V < 806 , 0=T ! T `do
<
kdrhcdm ecd{ph{hpd{ mdrgd `drh verlhopddo vd`d {ddp jupvup -T( {ebe{dr 46 uohp $ ndwdb T<46
‛
< 806 < 596
>
V < 806
< ,2 8
2
0=-46( ! -46(
0=6 ! 466
< ,0= ! 2T < < < < < <, <, ]]
‛
2/ Mubuogdo Dopdrd Ecd{ph{hpd{ `eogdo Pjpdc Reyeoue
kjopjm > V
T @
426 446 466 86 =5 =6 76 96
466 266 276 ;;6 ;56 ;76 066 025
Pjpdc Reyeoue 42/666 22/666 27/666 28/766 28/756 28/966 2=/666 25/566
]]
,7#97 ,;#4; ,4#86 ,4#6; ,6#84 ,6#5= ,6#;8
Aeecd{phado
Ecd{phk Ecd{phk Ecd{phk Ecd{phk Hoecd{phk Hoecd{phk Hoecd{phk
aeperdogdo >
PR < V/T
]]?
4# ecd{phk
]]<
4# berecd{ph{hpd{ 4
]] 3
4# hoecd{ph{> drphoxd nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd cebhm be{dr `drh % verubdmdo mdrgd/
;/ Verubdmdo Mdrgd# Ecd{ph{hpd{ Mdrgd# Pjpdc Reyeoue
]]
V V
4
PR PR
]]
PR PR
E/ Veo`eadpdo Pejrh Verhcdau Ajo{uleo
Uopua lelvecdndrh pejrh verhcdau ajo{uleo `hguodado `ud veo`eadpdo dpdu pejrh# xdhpu pejrh ide`dm adr`hodc -kdr`hodc uphchpx( `do pejrh ide`dm jr`hodc -jr`hodc uphchpx(/ Ide`dm `dvdp `hdrphado
{ebdgdhaeldlvudo {udpu bdrdog uopua lelud{ado ajo{uleo/ 4/ Pejrh Ide`dm Adr`hodc
Pejrh hoh ber{hidp {ubneaphi {emhoggd `h{ebup nugd pejrh ohcdh {ubneaphi/ Leourup pejrh ide`dm adr`hodc hoh# ide`dm -uphchpx( per{ebup bh{d `huaur bdmado `hnulcdmado/ kjopjmoxd >
4 bdpdog kjacdp 26 uphc{
4 bdpdog rjaja 06 uphc{
4 vhrhog od{h
4 bjpjc dhr aeld{do 46 uphc{ Nulcdm
;6
uphc{
> 466 uphc{
Uphchpx - (
Uphchpx - ( leruvdado iuog{h `drh nulcdm `do neoh{ bdrdog/
< i -] 4# ]2# ];#///#]o(
]4 ]2 ];
]4 ]2 ];
]o 46
PU <
]o
]4 !
]2 !
]; ! /// !
]o
Ajo{uleo leogmd`dvh `ud ldkdl bdrdog xdhpu ] `do X ldad ojpd{h iuog{hoxd d`dcdm
< i -}#x(
Ajo{uleo mdoxd leogmd`dvh {dpu ldkdl bdrdog xdhpu ] ldad ojpd{h iuog{hoxd d`dcdm
< i -}(
}
Pjpdc Uphchpx -Uphc{(
Ldrghodc Uphchpx -Uphc{(
6
6
4
45
45
2 ;
2= ;8
4; 44
0
0=
8
5 9
55 96
7 5
7
9;
;
=
90
4
8
9;
,4
46
96
,;
< <4
U} <
Veouruodo U} {erhog `h{ebup – Pme Vrhokhvce ji @hlhoh{mhog Ldrghodc Uphchpx/“ grdiha > 2
PU < 49] ‛ 49] ‛ ]
< i-}(
-
(
U} <
2
< 49} ‛ 49} ‛ }
U} <
U} < 49 ‛ 49 ‛ 2}
U} < 49 ‛ 49 ‛ 2-=( <6
44
1 }<=
PU
< 49],]
2
2/ Veo`eadpdo Ide`dm Jr`hodc d/ Veo`eadpdo auryd ho`eiereo -ho`hiereoke kurye * HK (
Leourup veo`eadpdo hoh# ide`dm ph`da vercu `huaur bdmado `hnulcdmado/ Kuauv `hneondogado ber`d{drado vreiereo{hoxd/ [xdrdpoxd ajo{uleo ldlvu leoneondogado `eogdo ajo{h{peo/ Kjopjm> Buo`ec D B K @
Ajo{uleo D V B B V K K V @ D V @
Nhad ajo{h{peo jrdog cebhm {uad buo`ec D `drhvd`d @ Kjopjm> ] X
40 2 D
42 0 B
46 9 K
= = @
9 46 E
0 42 I
2 40 G
l eouonuaado berbdgdh @drh md{hc per{ebup `hverjcem bdmwd auryd ho`hiereo > auryd xdog leouonuaado ajlbhod{h bdrdog ] `do X xdog bh{d `hajo{ul{h jcem ajo{uleo `eogdo aeo`dcd veo`dvdpdo xdog per{e`hd `do `hverjcem aevud{do aevud{do xdog {dld/ 49 40 42 46 =
Auryd Ho`eiereo
9 0 2 6 2
0
9
=
46
42
40
Auryd Ho`eiereo 06 ;5 ;6 X
26
HKJ
V -]V>XV( T -]T >X >XV(
46
7
6 2
42
5
=
44
µj < i -}#x(
Cdnu xdog leoeopuado berdvd bdoxda ajo{ul{h xdog mdru{ `hajrbdoado uopua leodlbdm ajo{ul{h bdrdog xdog cdho dgdr lelverjcem aevud{do xdog {dld `h{ebup Cdnu [ub{phpu{h xdog ldrnhodc -ldrghodc rdpe ji {ub{phpuphjo < LR[( Ajo{uleo leogmd`dvh 2 bdrdog>
LR[]X > bdgdhldod bdrdog } leo{ub{phpu{hado bdrdog x/
LR[]X<
LR[X] > bdgdhldod bdrdog x leo{ub{phpu{hado bdrdog }/ LR[X]<
µ < i-}#x(
Rulu{>
LU < LU / ∉] < LU /∉X < < LU] < X
]
X
LU]/ ∉] < ∉µ LUX/ ∉X < ∉µ
< < LR[x} LR[}x
b/ Adrdaperh{pha Ho`hiereoke Kurye Auryd ho`eiereo {ecdcu bercereog oegdphi -,(
Auryd Ho`eiereo 5 0/5 0 ;/5 x ∉
; 2/5 2 4/5 4 6/5 6
HKj→ HKj→ µj < ]v
]t
i -}/x(
µ < i -}#x( nhad ajo{uleo bergerda vd`d {dpu auryd/ [dpu HK < verubdmdo uphchpd{ ∉µ < 6 -nulcdm {dld vd`d {ephdv ajlbhod{h(
4;
@eogdo `hiereo{hdc pjpdc >
/ `} ! / `x /`} ! /`x 6< /`} < /`x <
|
`µ<
bergerda vd`d {dpu HK -
<
(
<
)
<
Ph`da bervjpjogdo 9 5 0 ; 2 4 6 Kdpegjrx 4
Kdpegjrx 2
Kdpegjrx ;
Kdpegjrx 0
Verpeludo `ud phpha dopdrd HKj `do HK4 pepdvh ph`da bervjpjogdo/ HK ph`da luogaho bervjpjogdo# mdoxd leouonuaado `ud aed`ddo veo`dvdpdo `dcdl 4 auryd/ [eldaho ae adodo dpd{# {eldaho be{dr uphchpd{oxd/ @do {eldaho `h{uadh ajo{uleo/ 45
46
5
6 ]d
–Ljre h{ Bepper“
40
]b
]k
µj 3 µ4 3 µ2
[cjve HK d`dcdm oegdphi -,( xdog odoph dado leouonuaado LR[/ Ho`hiiereoke Kurye Kurye > µ < i -}#x( Ajo{uleo ph`da bh{d lelhchm {elbdrdog ajlbhod{h/ Mdoxd d`d 4 ajlbhod{h/ Lelbdmd{ peopdog lda{hlh{d{h uphchpd{ ajo{uleo odluo `hbdpd{h jcem aeldlvudo ajo{uleo -BC(/ Mdc hoh pergdopuog `drh bdgdhldod ajo{uleo leogmd`dvh 2 ldkdl bdrdog/ ] →V}
H < ]/ V} ! X/ Vx
X → Vx
H , ]/ V} < X/ Vx
X<
Ver{dlddo Gdrh{ Doggdrdooxd -Bu`gep Choe(
X<
Pdo`d lhou{ -,( leodo`dado bdmwd auryd ber{cjve oegdphi V}*Vx < aelhrhogdo gdrh{ doggdrdo dpdu grd`heo < pg δ
Kdrd leogmhpuog> 49 40
B
42 46 = 9 0
D
2 6 H*V}
,2 ,0
Pg δ < JB * JD
< <
phpha D < eih{heo# ph`da lda{hldc phpha B < ph`da p h`da eih{heo# `dod becul per{e`hd
H < ]/ V} ! X/ Vx Lh{dc > X<6 → ] // ] < H*V} → hoperkevp# phpha vjpjog dopdrd BC `eogdo {ulbu mjrh~jopdc/
45
Lh{dc> ] < 6 → X // X< H*Vx → hoperkevp# phpha vjpjog dopdrd BC `eogdo {ulbu yerphadc/ 7 9 5 0 ; 2 4 6 ]{
k/ Veogdrum cudr permd`dv permd`dv verhcdau ajo{uleo> 4/ Nhad pernd`h verubdmdo veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo/
Lucd,lucd veo`dvdpdo Hj cdcu `hdcjad{hado {elud uopua leogajo{ul{h bdrdog ] `do X>
Mdrgd bdrdog ] → V}
Mdrgd bdrdog X → Vx Ver{dlddo BC 6 = 7 9
Hoperkevp verpdld
5
Hoperkevp ae`ud
0 ;
Hoperkevp aephgd
2 4 6
Ad{u{ 4> Nhad Veo`dvdpdo odha `drh Hj ae H4# {eleopdrd V} `do Vx ajo{pdo ldad>
Dodcjg -ver{dlddo BC4( <
Ad{u{ 2> veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo odha leond`h H2 {e`dog V} `do Vx ajo{pdo
Dodcjg -ver{dlddo BC4( <
49
X<
X<
...Nhad veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo odha ldad BC dado ae dpd{ `do {endndr ...Nhad veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo puruo ldad BC dado ae bdwdm `do {endndr/
Phpha ae{ehlbdogdo ajo{uleo per{ebup nhad `hmubuogado dado `hverjcem auryd ajo{ul{h veo`dvdpdo dpdu Hokjle Kjo{ulvphjo Kurye -HKK(/
H6 [ -][ 1 X[(
H odha `drh H6 ae H4
H odha
, ajo{ul{h bdrdog ] odha `drh > ][ ae ][‘
H6 H4 [‘ -][‘ 1 X[‘(
X
>
}
Bh{d pernd`h >
X<
4
X
4 ecd{ph{hpd{ veo`dvdpdo reo`dm
X
4 ecd{ph{hpd{ veo`dvdpdo phoggh
@drh HKK bh{d `hpuruoado dpdu `hverjcem {ebudm auryd xdog leouonuaado mubuogdo dopdrd veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo `eogdo nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd# `h{ebup eogec kurye -auryd eogec(/ Beopua eogec kurye d`d phgd xdhpu >
4/
eogec kurye
HB
H<
HD ]D
]B
Verubdmdo nulcdm xdog `hlhopd < verubdmdo Hokjle
47
H<
4
HD odha ae HB jHB < 2 jHD ]B j]B < 2j]D 2/
HB
H3
4
Veo`dvdpdo reo`dm
eogec kurye
HD ]D ]B
Drphoxd# vrj{eopd{e veo`dvdpdo odha `ud adch -2}( pepdvh nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd ph`da odha `ud adch -2}(/ Kjopjmoxd vd`d {eapjr verpdohdo/ ;/
eogec kurye
HB
HD ]D
H?
4
Veo`dvdpdo phoggh
]B
Drphoxd# vrj{eopd{e veo`dvdpdo odha `ud adch -2}( pepdvh nulcdm bdrdog xdog `hlhopd odha cebhm `drh `ud adch -2](/ 2/ Nhad pernd`h pernd`h verubdmdo verubdmdo mdrgd
lucd,lucd
> Hj
] V] X VX
BCj X<
ad{u{ 4 mdrgd bdrdog ] puruo `drh V} ae V} 4 H `do VX pepdv BC4 X <
pg
pg
BCj BC4 BC2
4=
ad{u{ 2 V} puruo cdgh leond`h V] 2 Mdrgd bdrdog ] puruo cdgh leond`h V] 2 BC2 X<
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48
I/ Iuog{h Cdgrdoge
Punudo ajo{uleo d`dcdm lda{hlh{d{h aevud{do -
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( xdog
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26
Bu`gep Choe
Uopua leokdvdh punudo eajojlh per{ebup ajo{uleo leoeluh berbdgdh aeo`dcd dpdu kjo{prdhop xdaoh veo`dvdpdo -H(
@hpuonuaado jcem bu`gep choe -BC( > [emhoggd `hverjcem auryd
>
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[ubnekp pj Kjo{prdhop -{pk(
!
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aehoghodo ajo{uleo
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aeldlvudo ajo{uleo
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Nhad veo`dvdpdo ajo{uleo d`dcdm H `do `hdc jad{hado {elud uopua leogajo{ul{h bdrdog # mdrgd bdrdog
`do mdrgd bdrdog
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d/ Iuog{h verlhopddo uopua ajlj`hph b/ Iuog{h verlhopddo uopua ajlj`hph k/
Ecd{ph{hpd{ mdrgd `do ecd{ph{hpd{ veo`dvdpdo uopua ajlj`hph
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2/ Veo`dvdpdo {ejrdog ajo{uleo `haepdmuh {ebe{dr 9 `do `hdcjad{hado {elud uopua
leogajo{ul{h ajlj`hph Mdrgd uopua ajlj`hph 24
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ldad kdrhcdm >
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22
{ub{phpu{hado ae ver{dlddo ;
Iuog{h Verlhopddo ajlj`hph b/
Iuog{h Verlhopddo ajlj`hph
2;
k/ Ecd{ph{hpd{ mdrgd
- ( Ecd{ph{hpd{ Veo`dvdpdo
20
- ( - ( - ( - ( - ( - ( - (
`/ Ecd{ph{hpd{ mdrgd
25
Ecd{ph{hpd{ Veo`dvdpdo
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29
d`dcdm buo`ce dpdu uopdhdo bdrdog
`do
xdog bh{d
`hajo{ul{h ajo{uleo `eogdo aeo`dcd `dod xdog per{e`hd -xdhpu {ebe{dr 9( dgdr `hverjcem aevud{do xdog lda{hlul/
D 4#5 9
B 4#= 5
K 2#25 0
@ ; ;
E 0 2#25
I 5 4#=
G 9 4#5
@ -;#;(
Uopdhdo {ecdho @ vd{ph dado lelbupumado `dod dpdu Hokjle cebhm be{dr `drh 9/ Velbuaphdo > lh{dcoxd uopdhdo D -4#5 1 9(
27
cebhm `drh 9
Kdrd vdondog -`eogdo iuog{h Cdogrdoge(
Iuog{h →
< ]4/]2
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!
2=
]2/V2 < ]4/V4
Leoggdbuogado `ud ajlbhod{h>
]4 ]2
4/5 9
4/= 5
2/25 0
; ;
0 2/25
5 4/=
9 4/5
Auryd>
[ecdho `h phpha lda{hldc# ldad `dvdp `hvd{phado `dod xdog dado `hbupumado dado cebhm `drh 9/ Lh{dc ahpd dlbhc kjopjm ] 4 < 4/5 `do ]2 < 9 /
28
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