JOIOAO@
\cnhcabaoon ]ono` Icrknh Josoj
Bac`
7
Voy`on Ojomkus NKJ \6M6?5<<6
ICJCN]CVKON VKTC], ]CINBABHK MON \CNMKMKION ]KNHHK SNKUCVTK]OT GOJFK EOISA]OT \CV]ONKON GOJFK 6
K.
\CNMO@SASON O. Aotor Fcaoionh
Auos ao`on pcrtonkon pbtcnskoa scjoikn fcriuronh iorcno mkhunoion untui icpcrauon nbn pcrtonkon scpcrtk7 knmustrk, pcjuikjon mon knerostruitur. Krowon (6<<3) jcnyotoion fo`wo ibnvcrsk ao`on sowo` jcndopok ?00 rkfu `citor pcr to`un, scfcsor 30.50% untui icpcrauon nbn pcrtonkon. Bac` iorcno ktu, pcjoneooton ao`on jorhknoa scpcrtk ao`on icrknh jcngomk oatcrnotke pkak`on. Ao`on icrknh yonh duiup auos mk Knmbncsko fcrpbtcnsk fohk pcnhcjfonhon ibjbmktos ponhon scpcrtk tonojon icmcaok. Juayonk ct oa. (6<<;) jcnyotoion fo`wo auos ao`on icrknh josoj sciktor ?<6 guto `o mon sciktor 35.4 guto `o mkontoronyo omoao` ao`on yonh scsuok untui uso`o pcrtonkon (pomo wkaoyo` motorfcrfuikt mcnhon acrcnh 14<%) 14<%) ]ono` jkncroa josoj fonyoi mkgujpok mk wkaoyo` fcrkiakj trbpkio foso`, tcrjosui Knmbncsko. Auos orcoa tono` fcrcoisk osoj scpcrtk pbmsbaki, uatksba, bxksbas mon spbmbsba, josknh-josknh sciktor =8,3, ?0,=, 3,< mon 35,= guto `o otou scauru`nyo sciktor 58% mork auos tbtoa tono` mk Knmbncsko (Nursyojsk ct oa, ?;;5). Auosnyo tono` josoj tcrscfut scfcnornyo jcjpunyok pbtcnsk yonh fcsor untui pcnhcjfonhon uso`o pcrtonkon, tctopk sojpok scioronh josk` fcauj mopot mkjoneootion scdoro joiskjoa jcnhknhot fcfcropo icnmoao yonh tcrmopot pomo tono` josoj.]ono` brmb aokn yonh fcrskeot josoj omoao` knscptksba mon cntksba. Icosojon tono` mktcntuion bac` iomor otou icpcioton kbn `kmrbhcn mk moaorn tono` tcrscfut. Fkao icpcioton kbn `kmrbhcn mk moaoj tono` tcraoau tknhhk joio tono` oion fcrcoisk osoj. Tcfoakinyo, fkao icpcioton kbn `kmrbhcn tcrKoau rcnmo` joio tono` oion fcrcoisk foso. \omo ibnmksk knk iomor iotkbn B@- acfk` rcnmo` mork kbn @+.
F. Vujuson Josoao`
Fcfcropo `oa yonh jcngomk sujfcr pbibi pcrjosoao`on, ontoro aokn7 ?. Opo \cnhcrtkon ao`on icrknh josoj2 6. Opo \crjosoao`on yonh mkoaojk tono` icrknh josoj 4. Fohokjono
pcnhcabaoon
ao`on
icrknh
josoj
moaoj
jcnknhiotion
prbmuitkvktos pcrtonkon
D. ]uguon \cnuakson
?. Jcnhcto`uk \cnhcrtkon mon Icnmoao ao`on icrknh josoj 6. Jcnhcto`uk pcrjosoao`on yonh mkoaojk tono` icrknh josoj 4. Jcnhcto`uk tcinki pcnhcabaoon ao`on icrknh josoj moaoj jcnknhiotion
prbmuitkvktos pcrtonkon
KK.
\cjfo`oson
O. \cnhcrtkon ]ono` Icrknh Josoj
]ono` josoj omoao` tono` mcnhon p@ rcnmo` iorcno ionmunhon @+ yonh tknhhk. \omo tono` josoj ao`on icrknh fonyoi mktcjuion kbn Oa4+ yonh fcrskeot josoj iorcno mcnhon okr kbn tcrscfut mopot jcnh`oskaion @+. Moaorn icomoon tcrtcntu, yoktu opofkao tcrdopok idgcnu`on kbn Oa4+ tcrtcntu, tcrmopot guho kbn Oa`kmrbiskmo ,mcnhon mcjkikon mopot jcnkjfuaion vorkosk icjosojon tono`. Mk mocro` rowo-towo, tono` josoj ujujnyo mkscfofion bac` ionmunhon osoj suaeot yonh tknhhk. Mk mocro` knk scrknh mktcjuion tono` suaeot josoj iorcno jcnhonmunh, aopkson dot daoy yonh jcngomk sonhot josorn fkao rowo mkicrknhion oikfot suaekmo jcngomk suaeot. Icfonyoion portkica acjpunh fcrkntcroisk mcnhon kbn @+. Acjpunh gcnu` `kmrbhcn jcnhoaojk mcibjpbsksk spbnton. Kbn `kmrbhcn jcncrbfbs aopkson bito`cmroa mon jcnhhontkion otbj Oa. Oaujknkuj yonh mkacposion icjumkon mkgcrop bac` ibjpacis acjpunh mon suotu ibjpacis acjpunh-Oa-@ tcrfcntui mcnhon dcpot kbn. Oa4+ mopot tcr`kmrbaksks mon jcnh`oskaion kbn @. Vcoisk tcrscfut jcnyujfonh pomo pcnknhioton ibnscntrosk kbn @+ moaoj tono`. Tujfcr icosojon otou yonh fcrpcron moaoj jcncntuion icosojon pomo tono` hojfut omoao` pkrkt (scnyowo suaeur) mon osoj-osoj brhonki. ]knhiot icosojon hojfut jcjpunyok iksoron yonh sonhot acfor. Icosojon tono` hojfut dcnmrunh scjoikn tknhhk gkio hojfut scjoikn tcfoa. Osoj-osoj brhonki yonh tono` hojfut tcrmkrk mork otos osoj `ujot, osoj euavot, mon osoj `ujkn. \cnhoru` pkrkt yoktu pomo biskmo pkrkt yonh oion jcnkjfuaion icosojon tono` `knhho jcndopok p@ 6 - 4. \omo icomoon knk `ojpkr tkmoi omo tonojon fumkmoyo yonh mopot tujfu` foki. Tcaokn jcngomk pcnh`ojfot pcrtujfu`on tonojon, pkrkt jcnycfofion tcrgomknyo ioroton (dbrrbskbn) sc`knhho jcjpcrdcpot icrusoion oaot-oaot pcrtonkon yonh tcrfuot mork abhoj. ]crmopot muo gcnks rcoisk tono` otou icjosojon tono`, yoink icjosojon (rcoisk tono`) oitke mon pbtcnskoa. Vcoisk tono` oitke koao` yonh mkuiurnyo ibnscntrosk `kmrbhcn yonh tcrmopot fcfos moaoj aoruton tono`. Vcoisk tono` knkao` yonh mkuiur pomo pcjoiokonnyo sc`ork-`ork. Vcoisk tono` pbtcnskoa koao` fonyoinyo
iomor `kmrbhcn mopot tuior foki yonh tcrgcrop bac` ibjpacis ibabkm tono` joupun yonh tcrmopot moaoj aoruton (@onoeko`, 6<<8). Kbn-kbn @+ tcrtuiorion tcrscfut fcrmksbskosk jcngomk kbn-kbn @+ fcfos. Mdrogot kbnksosk mon mksbskosk ic moaoj aoruton tono` jcncntuion i`uaui icjosojon tono`. Kbn-kbn @+ yonh mopot mkpcrtuiorion jcrupoion pcnycfof tcrfcntuinyo icjosojon tono` pbtcnskoa otou domonhon. Fcsoron mork icjosojon pbtcnskoa knk mopot mktcntuion mcnhon tktrosk tono`. Kbn-kbn @+ fcfos jcndkptoion icjosojon oitke. Icjosojon oitke mkuiur mon mknyotoion scfohok p@ tono`. ]kpc icjosojon knkao` yonh sonhot jcncntuion mon jcjpcnhoru`k pcrtujfu`on mon pcricjfonhon tonojon. F. \crjosoao`on \crjosoao`on \omo ]ono` Icrknh Josoj
]ono` josoj mk Knmbncsko jcjkakik dkrk-dkrk tcistur acjpunhon, struitur hujpoa, pcrjcofkaktos rcnmo`, stofkaktos ohrchot foki, p@ rcnmo`, I\I rcnmo`, oros N, \, Do, Jh sonhot rcnmo`, vchctosk oaojk oaonh-oaonh (Kjpcroto dyaknmrkdo) mon `uton, eroisk acjpunh mkmbjknosk bac` jkncroa-jkncroa fcrjuoton tcrufo`ion scpcrtk iobaknkt, hkfskt mon otou hbctkt (Xkgonorib, 6<<=). ]ono` knk mk Knmbncsko tcrfcntui mk mocro` yonh fcrduro` `ugon tknhhk (63<<-4<<< jj pcr to`un), tbpbhroek fcrbjfoi `knhho fcrfuikt mcnhon ictknhhkon 3<-43< jj mk otos juio okr aout, fotuon knmui hronkt, ofu vuaion vuaion otou onmcskt . \cnhcabaoon tono`-tono` jkncroa josoj untui icpcntknhon pcrtonkon jcnh`omopk icnmoao p@ yonh rcnmo`, icrodunon Oa, Jn, mon/otou Ec, scrto icio`oton unsur-unsur `oro pcntknh scpcrtk N, \, Do, mon otou Jh mon Jb . Spoyo untui
jcnhotosk
pcrsboaon
icsufuron
tono`-tono`
josoj
omoao`
mcnhon
jcnhibjfknoskion ontoro proitci uso`o tonk mcnhon pcncropon fkbtcinbabhk tono` yonh jcncionion pomo ibjpbncn jcnhojonion supaok N mk moaoj skstcj tono`tonojon mcnhon pcnhoyoon ekisosk N6 scdoro fkbabhks. ]cinbabhk knk jcndoiup schoao upoyo untui jcjonkpuaosk gosom rcnki moaoj tono` mon prbscs jctofbaki jcrcio untui jcnhbptkjujion prbmuitkvktos pcrtonojon. Ao`on icrknh tcrhbabnh sufbptkjoa iorcno tono`nyo iuronh sufur, fcrcoisk josoj, jcnhonmunh Oa, Ec, mon otou Jn moaoj gujao` tknhhk sc`knhho mopot jcrodunk tonojon. Ao`on josoj pomo ujujnyo jksikn fo`on brhonki mon `oro
joirb N, \, I, Do, mon Jh. \cjfcrkon fo`on ojcakbrosk iopur, fo`on brhonki, mon pcjupuion N, \, mon I jcrupoion iundk untui jcjpcrfokik icsufuron ao`on icrknh josoj. Sso`o
pcrtonkon
mk
tono`
Satksba
oion
jcnh`omopk
scgujao`
pcrjosoao`on.]ono` Satksba ujujnyo jcjpunyok p@ rcnmo` yonh jcnycfofion ionmunhonOa, Ec, mon Jn tcraorut tknhhk sc`knhho mopot jcrodunk tonojon. Gcnks tono` knk fkosonyo jksikn unsur `oro cscnskoa joirb scpcrtk N, \, I, Do, mon Jh9 unsur `oro jkirb Wn, Jb, Du, mon F, scrto fo`on brhonki . Jcsikpun scdoro ujuj tono` Satksba otou \bmsbaki Jcro` Iunknh fonyoi jcnhonmunh Oa mopot mktuior (Oamm) (6<-8<%), nojun `oska pcncaktkonjcnunguiion fo`wo fcfcropo dbntb` tono` tcrscfut jcnhonmunh Oa-mm rcaotke rcnmo` (1 6<%). \omo ujujnyo ao`on icrknh josoj mkmbjknosk bac` tono` Satksba, yonh mkdkrkion bac` ioposktos tuior iotkbn (I]I) mon icjojpuon jcjchonh/jcnykjpon okr yonh rcnmo`, tctopk iomor Oa mon Jn tknhhk. Bac` iorcno ktu, icsufuron tono` Satksba scrknh ioak `onyo mktcntuion bac` iomor fo`on brhonki pomo aopkson otos, mon fkao aopkson knk tcrcrbsk joio tono` jcngomk jksikn `oro mon fo`on brhonki. Mk sojpknh ktu, icio`oton ebsebr jcrupoion soao` sotu icnmoao tcrpcntknh fohk uso`o tonk mk ao`on josoj. @oa knk iorcno scfohkon fcsor ibabkm mon jkncroa tono` yonh tcrionmunh moaoj tono` Satksba jcjpunyok icjojpuon jcnycjot ebseot duiup tknhhk, sc`knhho scfohkon fcsor ebseot moaoj icomoon tcrscjot bac` Oa mon Ec, tkmoi tcrscmko fohk tonojon joupun fkbto tono` . Icnmoao pcnhcjfonhon ao`on \bmzbaki Jcro` Iunknh fcrkiakj foso` mcnhon tbpbhropk fcrhcabjfonh duiup ibjpacis. Icsoao`on moaoj pcnhcabaoon jcrupoion pcnycfof mchromosk ao`on yonh jcnmosor. Mk mocro` trbpkio foso` yonh tbpbhroeknyo fcrvorkosk mork motor, fcrhcabjfonh `knhho fcrhununh, crbsk tono` jcrupoion soao` sotu pcnycfof mchromosk ao`on yonh mbjknon mksojpknh pcnycfof aokn scpcrtk pcndudkon `oro mon oiujuaosk unsur-unsur fcrodun. Biskmo-biskmo fcsk mon oaujknkuj joupun acjpunh oaujknbskakiot, yonh jcrupoion ibjpbncn utojo eroisk acjpunh tono`-tono` jkncroa josoj, jojpu jcngcrop \. Jcsikpun mcjkikon pcrau mksomork fo`wo tcrmopot pcrfcmoon iciuoton kioton rctcnsk yonh fcrsujfcr pomo pcrfcmoon skeot kioton ontoro onkbn ebseot mcnhon biskmo-biskmo fcsk mon acjpunh oaujknb skakiot. \crfcmoon knk oion jcnkjfuaion
pcrkaoiu mon tonhhopon yonh fcrfcmo tcr`omop pcraoiuon pcjfcrkon ebseot ic moaoj tono` scfohok pupui. Moaoj `ufunhon knk nksfo` ontoro biskmo fcsk mon acjpunh skakiot pcrau mkpcrtkjfonhion scfohok mosor pcnhcabaoon \ tcrutojo pomo tono`-tono` jkncroa josoj. \cncaktkon knk mkaoiuion untui jcncntuion icjojpuon rctcnsk \ mork iobakn mon biskmo-biskmo fcsk yonh mkpcrbac` mork tono`-tono` jkncroa josoj mk Knmbncsko. D. \cnhcabaoon tono` icrknh josoj
]knmoion yonh pcntknh untui mkaoiuion moaoj pcnhcabaoon tono` icrknh josoj
untui
ichkoton
pcrtonkon
omoao`
jcnonhhuaonhk
eoitbr
pcjfotos
pcrtujfu`on mon prbmuisk tonojon. Sntui ktu pcnhcabaoon ao`on icrknh josoj jutaoi mkpcrauion. Omopun fcfcropo upoyo pcnhcabaoon ao`on tcrscfut omoao` scfohok fcrkiut ?. \cnhcabaoon pupui
\cjupuion jcrupoion goaon tcrjumo` mon tcrdcpot moaoj jcnonhonk josoao` icio`oton `oro. @oska pcncaktkon Tutbnb ct oa. (?;;3) jcnunguiion fo`wo pcjupuion ]T\ scfcsor 6<< ih/`o, jcjfcrkion pcnhoru` pbsktke tcr`omop pcrtujfu`on vchctotke tonojon icmcaok mon jcjfcrkion `oska fkgk yonh tcrtknhhk pomo tono` \bmsbaki Jcro` Iunknh (Satksba) Gojfk. ]oioron bptkjuj pupui ebseot untui tono` \bmsbaki Jcro` Iunknh Iuojonh Iunknh mk Juoro Funhb, Gojfk omoao` =< ih \/`o. \cjfcrkon pupui N\I pomo ao`on knk mopot jcnknhiotion \tcrscmko, N-tbtoa, I-mm, ioposktos tuior iotkbn mon icgcnu`on foso (Nosutkbn mon OaGofrk ?;;;). \ tcrscmko pomo ao`on josoj Aojpunh jcnknhiot mcnhon joikn jcnknhiotnyo mbsks pupui \ yonh mkfcrkion (]ouekq ct oa. 6<<=). \cnknhioton \ tcrscmko knk fcrmojpoi pbsktke tcr`omop pcrfokion pcrtujfu`on mon prbmuitkvktos tonojon icmcaok. Mcjkikon guho pomo I. Mcnhon jcnknhiotnyo mbsks pupui I, ictcrscmkoon I tono` guho jcnknhiot yonh fcroikfot pomo pcnknhioton ionmunhon I tonojon (]ofca 4). \cnojfo`on pupui \ `knhho mbsks 86 ih \6B3/ `o tkmoi fcrpcnhoru` tcr`omop ionmunhon I tonojon, oion tctopk pomo mbsks pupui \ scfcsor ?== ih
\6B3/`o jcnurunion ionmunhon I tonojon rcaotke acfk` tknhhk mkfonmknhion pomo mbsks pupui \ yonh acfk` rcnmo`. \cjupuion I mbsks =3 ih I6B/`o tonpo mkscrtok pcjupuion \ fcrpcauonh untui jcnknhiotion ionmunhon \ tonojon. \cjupuion \ `knhho mbsks 86 ih \6B3 yonh mkscrtok pcjupuion =3 ih I6B/`o jcnknhiotion ionmunhon \ tonojon, oion tctopk pcnknhioton mbsks pupui \ jcngomk ?== ih \6B3/`o tkmoi jcnknhiotion ionmunhon \ tonojon. @oa knk jcnunguiion fo`wo pcjupuion \ mbsks mbsks acfk` mork 86 ih \6B3/`o tkmoi cekskcn \cjfcrkon I scfcsor 0< ih I/`o yonh fcrsujfcr mork IDa pomo tono` \bmsbaki osoa Tktkunh mcnhon p@ =,8 mon O-mm + @-mm scfcsor 4,55 jc/?<< ja nyoto jcnknhiotion `oska icmcaok gkio gcrojk skso tonojon pomk tkmoi mkfoior (Hkaa mon Omknknhsk` ?;05). \cnknhioton mbsks pcjupuion mork 3< ih Srco + 83 ih T\45 + 83 ih IDa/`o mon tonpo iopur jcngomk 83 ih Srco + ?<< ih T\45 + ?<< ih IDa + ? t iopur/`o pomo ao`on icrknh josoj Aojpunh ]cnho` mon Tujotcro Storo mcnhon p@ =,5 mon Oa-mm <,?; jc/?<< h jojpu jcnknhiotion `oska icmcaok mork ?,63 mon ?,=6 jcngomk ?,36 mon ?,30 t/`o, josknhjosknh mk Tujotcro Storo mon Aojpunh ]cnho` (Orsyom ct oa. 6<
duro` `ugon mk ao`on knk fkosonyo sonhot tknhhk, (f) pcncjpoton pupui `orus mkuso`oion fcromo moaoj mocro` oitkvktos pcroioron, ohor pupui mopot mkscrop bac` tonojon scdoro cecitke (sknabioaksosk), mon (d) gujao` otou toioron pupui yonh mkfcrkion `orus scsuok mcnhon icfutu`on tonojon, supoyo pupui yonh mkfcrkion tkmoi fonyoi `kaonh pcrdujo sc`knhho mopot jcncion fkoyo prbmuisk scrto jcnh`knmork tcrgomknyo pbausk mon icrodunon fohk tonojon. \cjupuion pomo ao`on icrknh josoj sonhot mkpcrauion jcnhknhot ao`on knk tcrjosui ao`on jorhknoa, mkjono stotus `oro joirb (N, \, I, Do mon Jh) mon fo`on brhonki rcnmo`. \cjupuion mcnhon mbsks 83 ih urco + ?<< ih T\-45 + ?<< ih IDa + ? t iopur/`o otou 3<< ih DoB/ `o yonh fcrsujfcr mork mbabjkt mopot mkhunoion scfohok mbsks onguron untui fumkmoyo icmcaok mk Aojpunh mon Tujotcro Storo. \cnhhunoon ebseot oaoj pomo ao`on icrknh josoj guho `orus mkpcrtkjfonhion iorcno jcjfcrkion ceci rcskmu yonh acfk` foki mkfonmknhion mcnhon T\-45. 6. \cnhopuron
Toao` sotu tuguon pcnhopuron pomo tono` josoj omoao` untui jcnknhiotion p@ tono`. Tcaokn mopot jcnknhiotion p@ tono`, pcnhopuron guho mopot jcnknhiotion ictcrscmkoon ioaskuj mon ebsebr, jcnhuronhk icrodunon Oa scrto jcnknhiotion ioposktos tuior iotkbn (I]I). \omo ujujnyo fo`on iopur untui pcrtonkon omoao` ioaskuj iorfbnot (DoDB4), ioaskuj johncskuj iorfbnot otou mbabjkt (DoJh(DB4)6) mon `onyo scmkikt yonh fcrupo DoB otou Do(B@)6. Vcoisk pcnknhioton p@ jcaoauk pcnhopuron pcnhopuron omoao` scfohok fcrkiut 7 ?. Mcnhon DoDB4 DoDB4 + @6B + DB4 Do(@DB4)6 Do fkiorfbnot jcnycfofion p@ tono` noki Do(@DB4)4 Do6+ + 6 @DB4 — Do mopot mkscrop bac` tonojon @DB4 — + + @+ @6DB4 @6B + DB6 6. Mcnhon DoB otou Do(B@)6 DoB + @6B Do(B@)6 Do(B@) + 6@6DB4 Do(@DB4)6 + @6B Do fkiorfbnot jcnycfofion p@ tono` noki. ]cao` fonyoi mkaopbrion fo`wo pcnhopuron mopot jcnknhiotion prbmuisk tonojon icmcaok. Iojprot` (?;8=) jcnhcjuioion fo`wo tonhhop tonojon icmcaok tcr`omop pcnhopuron iorcno (o) mknctroaionnyo Oa, (f) tcrscmkonyo Do mon Jh yonh
duiup, (d) pcnknhioton ictcrscmkoon Jb, (m) pcnurunon Jn yonh aorut, (c) ictcrscmkoon \ jcnknhiot, mon (e) pcnknhioton p@ aknhiunhon yonh scsuok untui pcjfcntuion fkntka mon oitkvktos V`kzbfkuj gopbnkduj. gopbnkduj. \cnojfo`on iopur sctoro mcnhon <,3 x Oa-mm (oaujknkuj mopot mkpcrtuiorion) jcnknhiotion fbfbt icrknh fkgk icmcaok mork 4,56 h jcngomk =,<3 h/tonojon (Tktbrus ?;86). \cnhopuron scfonyoi ? — 6 x Oa-mm pomo tono` \bmsbaki Tktkunh yonh jcjpunyok p@ =,4, I]I ;,? jc/?<< h mon icgcnu`on Oa 03,6% sumo` jojpu jcnurunion icgcnu`on Oa `knhho mk fowo` fotos tbacronsk icmcaok yoktu 1 6;% (@ortotki mon Omknknhsk` ?;08). @oska pcncaktkon ]ouekq ct oa. (6<<=) jcnunguiion fo`wo pcnojfo`on iopur sctoro <,63 x Oamm otou 63; ih DoB/`o jcnknhiotion `oska icmcaok scfcsor 83% mork <,0 jcngomk ?,= t/`o mk ao`on icrknh ]uaonh Fowonh, Aojpunh mon jcnknhiotion `oska scfcsor =6,0% mork ?,= t/`o jcngomk 6,< t/`o mk ao`on icrknh Aojpunh ]cnho`, Aojpunh. \cnknhioton `oska knk mkscfofion bac` pcrtujfu`on tonojon yonh acfk` foki yonh mkdcrjknion bac` pcnknhioton tknhhk tonojon mon fcrot fronhioson tonojon, 4. \cjfcrkon Fo`on Brhonki
]cao` mkicto`uk fo`wo fo`on brhonki yonh fcrupo skso poncn joupun pupui ionmonh mopot jcnknhiotion icsufuron tono`. Mktkngou mork icsufuron tono`, pcjfcrkon fo`on brhonki jcjpunyok joneoot honmo yoktu scaokn jcjpcrfokik skeot ekski tono`, `oska pcaopuion fo`on brhonki guho jcrupoion sujfcr `oro yonh duiup pbtcnskoa. \cronon fo`on brhonki yonh sonhot mkfutu`ion omoao` untui jcnojfo` unsur `oro mon jcnknhiotion ioposktos tuior iotkbn (I]I). \cnknhiotion ioposktos tuior iotkbn knk mopot jcnhuronhk ic`kaonhon unsur `oro yonh mktojfo`ion jcaoauk pcjupuion, sc`knhho sc`knhho mopot jcnknhiotion cekskcnsk pcjupuion (@okrko` ct oa. 6<<<). \cnojfo`on fo`on brhonki ibtbron sopk, gcrojk pomk mon moun Eacjknhko jcnknhiotion I]I, D-brhonki, mon NB4, scrto scropon \ mon Jh pomo tono` Satksba (Nursyojsk ct oa. ?;;8). \cnojfo`on fo`on brhonki guho jcnknhiotion ictcrscmkoon \, jcncion ekisosk \ mon jcncion icaoruton Oa4+ (\urwontb mon Tutontb ?;;8)
@oska pcncaktkon Tutbnb ct oa. (?;;3) yonh mkaoiuion mk \bmsbaki Jcro` Iunknh Fotonh`ork, Gojfk jcnunguiion fo`wo pcjfcrkon fo`on brhonki fcrupo pupui ionmonh mon ibjpbs jojpu jcnknhiotion p@ tono`, \ tcrscmko, Domm, icgcnu`on foso mon jcnurunion Oa-mm. Omonyo pcrfokion skeot ikjko tono` knk fcroikfot pomo pcnknhioton tknhhk tonojon mon `oska icmcaok. Mk sojpknh ktu pcjfcrkon fo`on brhonki fcrupo pupui ionmonh mon ibjpbs jcjpunyok ceci rcskmu yonh mktunguiion mcnhon tknhhk tonojon mon fbfbt icrknh oior yonh duiup tknhhk sojpok juskj tonoj ic-4. =. \cnonojon Uorkctos ]bacron
Uorkctos tbacron mkpcrbac` mcnhon jcndork, jcjbmkekiosk otou jcnhufo` suotu tonojon ohor mopot fcromoptosk otou tbacron tcr`omop icomoon aknhiunhon tcrtcntu. Fkosonyo tonojon `onyo tbacron tcr`omop soao` sotu pcnycfof pcnurunon `oska, mork fcrfohok jodoj pcnycfof, jksoa icrodunon Oa, icrodunon Jn, mcekskcnsk Do otou mcekskcnsk \. Jorsd`ncr (?;;?, moaoj Jycrs mon Mc \ouw ?;;3) jcnhcjuioion tcrmopot jcionksjc tcrtcntu yonh mkfutu`ion ohor suotu gcnks tonojon mopot tbacron. Jcionksjc yonh mkjoisum omoao` tbacron tcr`omop rcnmo`nyo ionmunhon unsur `oro moaoj tono`, tbacron tcr`omop unsur-unsur yonh fcrodun, icjojpuon oior tonojon moaoj jcnhuronhk icrodunon mon jcnknhiotion scropon unsur-unsur yonh jcngomk eoitbr pcjfotos. Jons`urk (6<<4) tcao` jcjpcaogork jcionksjc mctbiskekiosk Oa jcaoauk scropon Oa Tkjpaostki mon Opbpaostki, mon scdoro ekskbabhks mopot mkortkion fo`wo vorkctos/hoaur yonh jcjkakik scropon Oa Tkjpaostki rcnmo` jcjpunyok jcionksjc mctbiskekiosk Oa yonh acfk` foki mkfonmknhion hoaur/ vorkctos yonh jcjkakik scropon Oa Tkjpaostki tknhhk, scfof oaujknkuj yonh josui ic moaoj sca mopot mkdcho` scjknkjoa
junhikn
pcncaktkonnyo
ohor
jcnunguiion
tkmoi
jcnhhonhhu
fo`wo
Uorkctos
jctofbaksjc Jcrofu,
tonojon.
@oska
Abjpbfotonh,
Iowk,
Hoaunhhunh, mon hoaur M4388-68 jcjkakik scropon Oa skjpaostki rcnmo` mkfonmknhion Uorkctos Furonhronh mon ]ojpbjos. @oa knk fcrortk vorkctos tcrscfut jcjkakik icjojpuon mctbiskekiosk Oa yonh foki.
@oska pcncaktkon ]ouekq ct oa. (6<<4) jcnunguiion fo`wo pcrfcmoon vorkctos icmcaok yonh mkugk (vorkctos ]onhhojus, Tkfoyoi mon Xkaks) pomo ao`on josoj ]uaonh Fowonh jcnycfofion pcrfcmoon icrohoon tknhhk tonojon soot fcrfunho mon gujao` pbabnh ksk, tknhhk tonojon soot poncn, fcrot oior, fcrot ?<< fkgk, `oska fkgk, fcrot fronhioson mon tkmoi fcrpcnhoru` tcr`omop gujao` pbabnh `ojpo. Nojun mcjkikon, pcrfcmoon gujao` pbabnh ksk tkmoi jcnycfofion pcrfcmoon `oska. 3. \cnhcabaoon ao`on scdoro tcrpomu
\cnhcabaoon tono` josoj tkmoi mopot mkaoiuion scdoro scnmkrk-scnmkrk oion tctopk `orus mkaoiuion scdoro tcrpomu ortknyo fo`wo pcnhcabaoon tono` josoj tkmoi `onyo mkaoiuion mcnhon pcnhopuron, pcjupuion, pcjfcrkon fo`on brhonki otou pcnhhunoon vorkctos tbacron sogo oion tctopk pcrpomuon mork iccjpot tcinbabhk tcrscfut. Vujfokno ct oa. (6<<=) jcnhcjuioion fcfcropo tcinbabhk fumkmoyo yonh pcrau mkpcr`otkion moaoj pcnhcjfonhon icmcaok mk ao`on icrknh josoj, yoktu7 ?. ]ono` mkbao` `knhho hcjfur. 6. \cnhhunoon vorkctos unhhua noskbnoa tbacron josoj (]onhhojus, Nontk otou Tkfoyoi). 4. Tkstcj tonoj forks mcnhon goroi tonoj =< dj x ?< dj, muo fkgk/aufonh. =. \cjupuion mosor 83 ih Srco + ?<< ih T\45 + ?<< ih IDa/`o. 3. Ojcakbrosk ao`on mcnhon 3<< ih DoB (fcrsujfcr mork mbabjkt)/`o. 5. \cnhcnmoakon brhonksjc pcnhhonhhu tonojon (B\]) mkaoiuion fcrmosorion pcjontouon. 8. \cnykonhon mkaoiuion pomo ujur ?3 mon 4< `ork. 0. \oncn mkaoiuion pomo soot tonojon josoi ekskbabhks.
@oska pcncaktkon Vujfokno ct oa. (6<<=) jcnhhunoion ic-0 tcinbabhk tcrscfut mk otos jcaoauk hcaor tcinbabhk icmcaok mk ao`on icrknh josoj jcnunguiion fo`wo icrohoon tonojon icmcaok mk ao`on icrknh josoj Mcso Xotuohunh, Icd. Ioakrcgb, Iof. Aojpunh ]cnho` pomo JI 6<<= duiup foki, `oska icmcaok fcriksor <,0? — 6,43 6,43 t/`o, mcnhon roto-roto ?,=3 t/`o. \omo ibnmksk tcrscfut, erciucnsk tknhiot `oska yonh acfk` rcnmo` mork nkaok roto-roto scfonyoi 3 pctonk (63%), yoktu ontoro <,0? — ?,?; ?,?; t/`o, scmonhion yonh acfk` tknhhk mork nkaok roto-roto scfonyoi = pctonk (6<%), yoktu ontoro ?,54 — 6,43 6,43 t/`o. @oa tcrscfut jcnunguiion fo`wo poict tcinbabhk fumkmoyo icmcaok yonh mkcvoauosk fcrpcauonh untui mopot mktcropion
KKK.
Icskjpuaon
?. \cjoneooton ao`on icrknh josoj untui icpcrauon pcrtonkon jcjcrauion pcnhcabaoon yonh tcpot, `oa knk fcr`ufunhon mcnhon tknhiot icsufuronnyo yonh rcnmo` (io`ot \, Do, Jh, I mon Fo`on brhonki scrto tknhhknyo Oa-mm, Ec mon Jn tcrscmko). 6. \cnhcabaoon tono` untui jcnknhiotion `oska icmcaok pomo tono` josoj mopot mktcjpu` mcnhon doro (?) jcnduiupk icfutu`on `oro yonh fcromo pomo stotus io`ot mcnhon doro jcnojfo`ion josuion pupui (6) jcnhuronhk pcnhoru` nchotke mork skeot ekski mon ikjko tono` mcnhon doro jcnojfo`ion fo`on ojcakbron (4) jcnhcjfonhion vorkctos yonh omoptke aknhiunhon aknhiunhon josoj (=) ibjfknosk pcnmcioton ?, 6 mon 4 tcrscfut mk otos
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MOE]OV \ST]OIO
Ofmurod`jon, O., I. Nuhrb`b mon Tujornb. ?;;;o. \cnhcjfonhon ao`on icrknh untui jcnungonh icto`onon ponhon noskbnoa. \rbs. Tcjknor Tujfcr Mo yo Ao`on. \usaktonoi. @oa. 6? — 46. 46. Ofmurod`jon, O., K. Guorso` mon S. Iurnko. ?;;;f. \cnhoru` pcnhhunoon fcrfohok gcnks mon toioron pupui ionmonh tcr`omop prbmuitkvktos tono` Satksba mk Mcso Fotkn, Gojfk. \rbs. Tcjknor Noskbnoa Tujfcr Moyo ]ono`, Kiakj mon \upui. \usot \cncaktkon ]ono` mon Ohrbiakjot, Fbhbr. @oa 4<4 — 46<. 46<. @okrko`, I., Xkmkontb, TV. Stojk, M. Tuproybhb, Tunoryb, TJ. Tktbjpua, F. Auskono, V. Juako, JU. Nbbrmwkgi mon H. Domksd`. 6<<<. \cnhcabaoon ]ono` Josoj Tcdoro Fkbabhk 9 Vceacisk \cnhoaojon mork Aojpunh Storo. TJ] Hroekio Mcso \utcro, Goiorto. ?08 `aj. @ortotki, X. mon GT. Omknknhsk`. ?;08. \cnhoru` pcnhopuron pcnhopuron mon pupui `kgou tcr`omop `oska icmcaok pomo tono` \bmsbaki Tktkunh mk Vujo` Iodo. \cjf. \cn. ]ono` mon \upui. 87? — =. =. Jons`urk, OH. 6<<4. Ioroitcrksosk skeot-skeot ohrb-jbrebekskbabhki icmcaok tbacron tcr`omop icrodunon oaujknkuj mk ao`on a o`on \bmsbaki Jcro` Iunknh. Aopbron ]cinks ]onojon Iodonh-iodonhon mon Sjfkujfkon ]o`un Onhhoron 6<
]ouekq, O., @. Iuntyostutk, Tumorybnb, O.H. Jons`urk, Turyontknk, ]rk Xo rmonk mon Dkptb \. 6<<4. \crfokion mon pcnknhioton ceksk cnsk tcinki prbmuisk icmcaok mk ao`on icrknh josoj. Aopbron ]cinki Foaktiofk ]o`un 6<<4. Xkgonorib, O. 6<<=. \cnhhunoon Osoj Tktrot, Iopur mon Ebseot Mkioktion mcnhon Icrodunon Oaujknkuj, Tcropon @oro mon \crtujfu`on ]onojon Icmcaok. ]csks. K\F, Fbhbr, 8; `aj. (tkmoi mktcrfktion).
