Pa Encode Maam

“DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH”  “All  “ All terms of English” Engli sh” “PROPER AND COMMON NONS” Noun – is  nme of !erson" !l#e" things" nimls n$ i$es% Noun – Pro!er Noun – hs t&o $istin#ti'e fetures% Common Noun – refers to generl nmes for !eo!le" !l#es n$ things%

“CO(NT AND MASS NO(NS” Count Nouns – re nouns &hi#h #n )e #ounte$% Mss Nouns – re un#ount)le%

“A*STRACT AND CONCRETE NO(NS” A)str#t Nouns – re intngi)le t+!es of nouns% Con#rete Nouns – re nouns tht #n )e !er#ei'e$ )+ the senses%

“,ENDER OF NO(NS” ,en$er of Nouns – there re four $i-erent gen$ers of nouns. Ms#uline" Feminine" Feminine" Common" n$ neuter% Ms#uline –  noun tht refers to mle% Ms#uline – Feminine – Feminine  –  noun tht refers to femle% Common – Common  –  noun tht #n )e either mle or femle% Neuter – Neuter  –  noun tht refers to n+ li'ing or nonli'ing o)/e#t or things% things% Posse Pos ses ssi si' 'e Form of Nou ouns ns – in sho& sho&in ing g the the !oss !osses essi si'e 'e fo form rm of noun nouns" s" n !ostro!he 012 n$ –s re $$e$ t the en$ of  noun%

“F(NCTIONS OF NO(NS” Su)/e#t – it refers to the !erson" thing" !l#e or i$e tht the senten#e is tl3ing Su)/e#t – )out% Su)/e#t Su)/ e#t Com!lement Com!lement – it is  noun tht #omes fter the lin3ing 'er) n$ &hi#h re!l#es or mens the sme thing s the su)/e#t% A!!ositi'e – A!!ositi'e  – it is  &or$ or !hrse tht #omes fter the su)/e#t% Dire#t O)/e#t – it is  noun tht $ire#tl+ re#ei'es the #tion of the 'er)% In$ire#t O)/e#t – it is  noun tht in$ire#tl+ re#ei'es the #tion of the 'er)% O)/e#t O)/ e#t of the !re!osi !re!ositi tion on – it is  noun tht #omes fter the !re!osition in  !re!ositionl !hrse%

“4INDS OF PRONO(NS” Personl Pronouns – it is  3in$ of !ronoun tht re!l#es the nme of  !erson% Demonstrti'e Demonstrti 'e Pronouns – $es#ri)es  lo#tion or  !osition of  su)/e#t% Interrogti'e Pronouns – usull+ intro$u#es  5uestion% Relti'e Pronouns – is  !ronoun &hi#h lin3s )#3 to its nte#e$ent% In$e6nite Pronouns – refers to one or more uns!e#i6e$ )eings" o)/e#ts" or !l#es% Re#i!ro#l Pronouns – e7!resses mutul #tions or reltionshi!% reltionshi!% Re8e7i Re8 e7i'e 'e n$ Int Intens ensi'e i'e Pro Pronou nouns ns – refers )#3 to the su)/e#t of the senten#e &hile &hile n intens intensi'e i'e !ronou !ronoun n em!h em!hsi si9es 9es its nte#e nte#e$en $ent" t" or the the su)/e# su)/e#tt of the senten#e% Pronoun – Ante#e$ent Agreement – tht !ronouns fun#tion s  su)stitute for  noun% The nte#e$ent is the &or$ to &hi#h the !ronoun refers% Pronoun Determiners – is  !ronoun in form tht fun#tions not s  su)stitute )ut s  mo$i6er%

“4INDS OF :ER*S” :er) – is the !rt of s!ee#h tht e7!resses n #tion or stte of )eing% A#tion :er) – e7!resses  !h+si#l or mentl #tion% ;in3ing :er) – tells &ht the su)/e#t is or is li3e% Hel!ing :er) – is  'er) tht hel!s the min 'er) tell )out n #tion or m3e  sttement% Di-erent Forms of :er)s –  'er) hs 'rious form. the !resent" the !resent !rti#i!le" the !st" n$ the !st !rti#i!le%

“TRANSITI:E AND INTRASITI:E :ER*S” Trnsiti'e :er) – hs  $ire#t o)/e#t% Intrnsiti'e :er) – $oes not h'e  $ire#t o)/e#t%

“THE SIMP;E TENSES” Sim!le Pst Tense – e7!resses n #tion $one in the !st% Sim!le Present Tense – form of the 'er) e7!resses !resent #tion" h)itul #tion" f#ts" generl or uni'ersl truths" n$ s#he$ule$ future e'ents% Sim!le Future Tense – $enotes n #tion tht is +et to )egin or n #tion tht &ill t3e !l#e in the future%

“PRO,RESSI:E TENSES OF :ER*S” Progressi'e Tense – refers to #tion tht is ongoing% Pst Progressi'e Tense – $enotes  #ontinuing #tion in the !st% Present Progressi'e Tense – $enotes n ongoing or #ontinuing #tion h!!ening in the moment% Future Progressi'e Tense – $enotes  #ontinuing #tion in the future%

“PERFECT TENSES OF :ER*S” Perfe#t Tense of :er)s – in$i#tes tht in #tion &s #om!lete$" 6nishe$" or “!erfe#te$” t  #ertin !erio$ of time% Pst Perfe#t Tense – in$i#tes n #tion tht strte$ n$ en$e$ in the !st% Present Perfe#t Tense – in$i#tes n #tion tht &s strte$ in the !st n$ #ontinues until the !resent% Future Perfe#t Tense – in$i#tes n #tion tht &ill )e #om!lete$ t  #ertin time in the future%

“ACTI:E AND PASSI:E :OICE” A#ti'e :oi#e – the su)/e#t !erforms n #tion or #ts u!on the 'er)% Pssi'e :oi#e – the su)/e#t is no longer #ti'e n$ it is inste$ )eing #te$ u!on )+ the 'er)% Su)/e#t – :er) Agreement – the su)/e#t n$ the 'er) in  senten#e re essentil elements in grmmr%

“AD” ;imiting A$/e#ti'e – ns&ers the follo&ing 5uestion? “Which one?”" “Whose?”" “How many?”" “How much?”" “What position in a series?”% Com!ring A$/e#ti'es – $/e#ti'es h'e three $egrees of #om!rison. !ositi'e" #om!rti'e" n$ su!erlti'e%

Or$er of A$/e#ti'es – the !ro!er or$er of $/e#ti'es re Determiner, Ordinal, Cardinal, Size, Shape, Age, Color, Origin, aterial, !uali"er or #urpose$

“4INDS OF AD:ER*S” A$'er) – mo$i6es  'er)" on $/e#ti'e" or nother $'er)% A$'er) of Mnner – $es#ri)es ho& something h!!ens% A$'er) of Pl#e – tells &here something h!!ens% A$'er) of Time – tells &hen something h!!ens% A$'er) of Fre5uen#+ – tells ho& fre5uent or ho& often something h!!ens% A$'er) of Degree – tells the $egree or e7tent to &hi#h something h!!ens%

“POSITION OF AD:ER*S” Front – )efore the su)/e#t% Mi$ – )et&een the su)/e#t n$ the 'er)% En$ – fter the 'er) or o)/e#t%

“DE,REE OF AD:ER*S” Positi'e Degree – is the )se form of the $'er)% In the !ositi'e $egree" no #om!rison is m$e%

“SENTENCE PATTERNS” Su)/e#t @ Intrnsiti'e :er) 0S=I:2 – this senten#e !ttern in#lu$es the su)/e#t n$ n intrnsiti'e 'er)% Intrnsiti'e :er) – $oes not re5uire to re#ei'er on the #tion% Su)/e#t @ ;in3ing :er) @ Com!lement 0S=;:=C2 – this senten#e !ttern in#lu$es the su)/e#t"  lin3ing 'er)" n$  #om!lement% Com!lement – follo&s  lin3ing 'er) n$ renme or $es#ri)es the su)/e#t% Su)/e#t @ Trnsiti'e :er) @ Dire#t O)/e#t 0S=T:=DO2 – this senten#e !ttern in#lu$es the su)/e#t"  trnsiti'e 'er)" n$  $ire#t o)/e#t% Dire#t O)/e#t – is  noun or !ronoun tht re#ei'es the #tion of the trnsiti'e 'er)% Su)/e#t @ Trnsiti'e :er) @ In$ire#t O)/e#t @ Dire#t O)/e#t 0S=T:=IO=DO2 – this senten#e !ttern in#lu$es the su)/e#t"  trnsiti'e 'er)" n in$ire#t o)/e#t" n$  $ire#t o)/e#t% In$ire#t O)/e#t – is  noun or !ronoun tht !re#e$es the $ire#t o)/e#t n$ tells to &ht or &hom or for &ht or &hom the #tion of the 'er) is $one n$ &ho is re#ei'ing the $ire#t o)/e#t% Su)/e#t @ Trnsiti'e :er) @ Dire#t O)/e#t @ O)/e#t Com!lement 0S=T:=DO=OC2 – this senten#e !ttern in#lu$es the su)/e#t"  trnsiti'e 'er)"  $ire#t o)/e#t" n$ n o)/e#t #om!lement% O)/e#t Com!lement – is  noun" !ronoun" or $/e#ti'e tht follo&s  $ire#t o)/e#t n$ renmes or $es#ri)es it%

“4INDS OF SENTENCES ACCORDIN, TO P(RPOSE” De#lrti'e Senten#es – is use$ to m3e  sttement of f#t" &ish" intent or feeling% This senten#e n$ &ith  !erio$ 0%2% Im!erti'e Senten#e – is use$ to stte  #ommn$ or re5uest% This senten#e usull+ en$s &ith  !erio$ 0%2 or in some #ses" n e7#lmtion !oint 02% Interrogti'e Senten#e – is use$ to s3 5uestion% It en$s &ith  5uestion mr3 0>2% E7#lmtor+ Senten#e – is use$ to e7!ress  strong feeling or emotion% It en$s &ith n e7#lmtor+ 02%

“4INDS OF CON<(NCTIONS” Con/un#tion – is  &or$ tht #onne#ts" lin3s" or reltes #luses &ith e#h other% Coor$inting – these #on/un#tions re use$ to /oin t&o or more &or$s" !hrses" or in$e!en$ent #luses of e5ul grmmti#l #onstru#tion% Su)or$inting  – these #on/un#tions re use$ to /oin n in$e!en$ent #luse to  $e!en$ent #luse% Correlti'e – these #on/un#tion re use$ in !irs%

“SIMP;E AND COMPO(ND SENTENCES” Sim!le Senten#e – hs onl+ one #om!lete thought% Com!oun$ Senten#e – #onsists of t&o or more in$e!en$ent #luse n$ one or more $e!en$ent #luses%

“COMP;EB AND COMPO(ND SENTENCES” Com!le7 Senten#e – m$e u! of one in$e!en$ent #luse n$ one or more $e!en$ent #luses% Com!oun$ – Com!le7 Senten#e – #ontins t&o or more in$e!en$ent #luses n$ one or more $e!en$ent #luses%