OMEMCMF EANWLR HMN JORCLOLNXMWJ WJWXLO ARLPMWJ \NJV
ELCAORAE = NMOM 4
NRO 4
MFOMH PJT]J MCIM
=2==97:;
IMPFMN PJT]J R
=0==99<9
FMIJT OM‚P\I
=7==9=8;
JCFMO MNHJEM W
=7==98=9
PJMN @\HJ F
=9==90:<
W\PZM XM@MF RMNKLWX\
=;==902=
RPAKPMO WX\HJ W= WJWXLO JNIAPOMWJ \NJYLPWJXMW K\NMHMPOM XMF\N MDMPMN 02=9/02=;
EMXM RLNKMNXMP
Hlnkmn olnyl`ut nmom Mccmf W[X ymnk Omfm Rlnkmsjf cmkj Omfm Rlnymymnk. Emoj pmndmtemn pudm hmn pudj syueur mtms elfmhjrmt-Nym, ymnk tlcmf olcjopmfemn rmfomt, fjhmymf, hmn jnmymf-Nym elpmhm emoj, slfjnkkm emoj hmpmt olnylclsmjemn omemcmf tlntmnk Eanslp hmn Jopclolntmsj Wjstlo Aplrmsj \NJV. Omemcmf jnj jn j emoj susun hlnkmn slomesjomc ounkejn hmn emoj plraclf hmrj `l`lrmpm rlilrlnsj `ueu-`ueu ymnk hjtucjs aclf taeaf plntjnk mtmu taeaf ymnk suhmf `lrplnkmcmomn hmcmo hunjm tlenacakj efususnym tlenacakj jniaromsj, slfjnkkm
omemcmf
jnj
olojcjej
mgumn
efusus
hmcmo
plnyusunmn omtlrjnym. Xlrclpms hmrj sloum jtu, emoj olnymhmrj slplnufnym `mfwm omsjf mhm eleurmnkmn `mje hmrj slkj susunmn emcjomt omupun tmtm `mfmsmnym. Aclf emrlnm emrln m jtu hlnkmn tmnkmn t mnkmn tlr`uem tlr `uem emoj olnlrjom slkmcm smrmn s mrmn hmn erjtje hmrj plo`mgm mkmr emoj hmpmt oloplr`mjej omemcmf jnj. Mefjr emtm emoj `lrfmrmp sloakm omemcmf jnj hmpmt `lrkunm untue elfjhupmn omsymrmemt olnhmtmnk.
@lemsj, =2 Aeta`lr 02=9
Rlnyusun
HMIXMP JWJ EMXM RLNKMNXMP ............................................................... ................................................................................. .................. j HMIXMP JWJ .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ................................. ........... jj @M@ J
RLNHMF\C\MN
M. Cmtmr @lcmemnk ...................................................... ................................................................. ........... = @. Raeae Omsmcmf ........................................... ................................................................. ...................... 0 G. Xudumn ............................................................................... 0 @M@ JJ
RLO@MFMWMN OMXLPJ
M. Eanslp Wjstlo Aplrmsj \NJV ....................................... ....................................... 7 @. Gjrj-gjrj Wjstlo Aplrmsj \NJV \NJV ....................................... ....................................... 7 G. Wflcc hmn Elrnlc ............................................. ............................................................... .................. 8 H. Oloucmj \NJV .................................... .......................................................... ............................. ....... < L. Wjstlo Ijcl ............................................. .................................................................... ............................. ...... < I. Dlnjs Ijcl ......................................... ............................................................... ..................................... ............... 9 K. Rlnmommn Hjrletarj hmn Ijcl .......................................... .......................................... 9 F. Jzjn Olnkmesls Ijcl ........................... .................................................. .............................. ....... ; J. Olcjfmt Hjrletarj Ijcl ...................................................... ...................................................... 6 D. Olo`umt Hjrletarj .......................................... ............................................................ .................. : E. Olnku`mf Hjrletarj ...................................... ........................................................ .................. : C. Olnkfmpus Hjrletarj ........................................... ...................................................... ........... =2 O. Olnmopjcemn Jsj Hjrletarj .......................................... ............................................. ... =2 N. Olo`umt Ijcl ................................................. ................................................................... .................. =2 A. Olnymcjn Ijcl ................................... ......................................................... ................................. ........... == R. Olnkfmpus Ijcl ........................................... ................................................................. ...................... == ]. Olnkkmntj Nmom Ijcl ........................................... ...................................................... ........... == P. Olnku`mf Oahl Mesls hmn Elplojcjejemn ................ == W. Rlnkmturmn Wlssjan ............................................ ........................................................... ............... =0
@M@ JJJ
ELWJOR\CMN
Elsjopucmn ............................................................................ =7 PLILPLNWJ
@M@ J RLNHMF\C\MN
M. Cmtmr @lcmemnk
Wjstlo aplrmsj mtmu hmcmo `mfmsm Jnkkrjs4 aplrmtjnk systlo mtmu AW mhmcmf plrmnkemt cunme sjstlo ymnk `lrtukms untue olcmeuemn eantrac hmn omnmdloln plrmnkemt elrms slrtm aplrmsj-aplrmsj hmsmr sjstlo, tlromsue olndmcmnemn prakrmo mpcjemsj slplrtj sprllhsfllt , plnkacmf emtm, `rawslr hmn cmjn sl`mkmjnym. Wjstlo Aplrmsj slgmrm uouo tlrhjrj hmrj `l`lrmpm `mkjmn 4 =. @aat Olgfmnjso Olgfmnjso, ymjtu olcltmemn elrnlc el hmcmo oloary elrnlc, elrnlc hmpmt hjemtmemn sl`mkmj jntj hmrj Wjstlo Aplrmsj. 0. Gaoomnh Jntlrprltlr mtmu mtmu Wflcc , `lrtukms untue olo`mgm jnput `lrupm plrjntmf hmn olnylhjmemn oln ylhjmemn `l`lrmpm iunksj iun ksj stmnhmr hmn iunksj iun ksj hmsmr ymnk hmpmt hjpmnkkjc aclf mpcjemsj/prakrmo omupun pjrmntj cunme cmjn. Gantaf hmrj Wflcc mhmcmf 4 Gaoomnh praopt pmhm [jnhaws Vp (HAW pmhm [jnhaws :6), Vtlro hmn Eansacl hj Olsjn Cjnux (\njx). 7. Plsaurgl Mccagmtar , Wjstlo Aplrmsj `lrtukms olnkmtur hmn olnkmcaemsjemn suo`lr hmym hmrj plrmnkemt. 8. Fmnhclr . Fmnhclr `lrplrmn `lrplrmn hmcmo olnklnhmcjemn sjstlo plrmnkemt mkmr tlrfjnhmr hmrj elelcjrumn (lrrar ) hmn plnkkunmmn suo`lr hmym ymnk tjhme plrcu. <. Hrjvlr, untue `lrjntlrmesj hlnkmn fmrhwmrl slemcjkus olnkantrac ejnlrdm fmrhwmrl. Wljrjnk hlnkmn plrelo`mnkmn zmomn, sjstlo aplrmsj ymnk `lrlhmr hj cjnkeunkmn elrdm omsymrmemt pun `lrmnlemrmkmo. Mhm ymnk olnyuemj sjstlo aplrmsj ymnk `lr`msjs Xlxt @mslh hmn hmn `mnyme pucm ymnk olnyuemj sjstlo aplrmsj `lr`msjs K\J (Krmpfjgmc \slr Jntlrimgl). Rlrcunym
oloplcmdmrj plnkltmfumn tlntmnk sldmrmf sjstlo aplrmsj tlrhmfucu dukm olndmhjemn sl`umf rlilrlnsj hmcmo olnkjeutj plru`mfmn jnavmsj-jnavmsj sjstlo aplrmsj tlr`mru. \NJV sl`mkmj sjstlo aplrmsj tlrtum hmcmo sldmrmf olo`lrjemn plnkmruf ymnk smnkmt `lsmr hmcmo plnklo`mnkmn sjstlo aplrmsj. @mnyme sjstlo aplrmsj ymnk ejtm eltmfuj olrupmemn turunmn hmrj \NJV. Aclf emrlnm jtu untue olnmo`mf plnkltmfumn hmsmr olnklnmj sjstlo aplrmsj, ejtm plrcu olomfmoj eanslp hmn plnkkunmmn sjstlo aplrmsj \NJV.
@. Raeae Omsmcmf
Hmrj slejmn `mnyme omtlrj ymnk mhm hmcmo sjstlo aplrmsj, hmcmo Omemcmf jnj plnyusun olnga`m olnkurmjemn fmnym olnklnmj 4 =. Eanslp hmn eaopanln hmsmr pmhm sjstlo aplrmsj \NJV. 0. Aplrmsj hmsmr pmhm sjstlo aplrmsj \NJV. 7. Wjstlo omnmdloln ijcl pmhm sjstlo aplrmsj \NJV.
G. Xudumn
Mhmpun tudumn plo`umtmn omemcmf jnj mhmcmf untue ololnufj tukms Omtm Eucjmf Rlnkmntmr Xlenacakj Wjstlo Jniaromsj. Wlcmjn jtu, mkmr ejtm hmpmt olnkltmfuj cl`jf hltmjc `mkmjomnm eanslp sjstlo aplrmsj \NJV hmn plnkkunmmnnym.
@M@ JJ RLO@MFMWMN OMXLPJ
M. Eanslp Wjstlo Aplrmsj \NJV
\NJV mhmcmf smcmf smtu AW ymnk tlrslhjm untue hjkunmemn hj eaoputlr prj`mhj, slrvlr & dmrjnkmn. @l`lrmpm emcmnkmn olnkmnkkmp \NJV rjnkmn ijtur & elomopumn untue olnkjntlkrmsjemn hlnkmn cmngmr hlnkmo AW cmjn. \NJV dukm hjkunmemn pmhm slrvlr, warestmtjan & eaoputlr prj`mhj. \NJV mhmcmf prakrmo `lrhmsmremn gcjlnt-slrvlr oahlc ymnk olounkejnemn untue ouctj-uslr jntlrimgl ouctj-uslr jntlrimgl mtmu dmrjnkmn.
@. Gjrj-Gjrj Wjstlo \NJV
=. Ouctjuslr Wlduocmf
armnk
(plomemj)
hmpmt
olnkkunmemn
sjstlo
slgmrm
`lrsmommn. Eluntunkmn mhmnym mhmn ym ouctjuslr mhmcmf4 m. Hmtm hmpmt hjmesls aclf `mnyme armnk `. Rlnkflomtmn plrmnkemt elrms
0. Rartm`jcjtms Ouhmf hjmhmptmsjemn el sjstlo eaoputlr ymnk cmjn. Hlnkmn sjimt jnj \NJV hmpmt ouhmf hjpmemj. \ntue pmrm plomemj fmc jnj smnkmt olnkuntunkemn sl`m` partm`jcjtms `lrmrtj eltjhme `lrkmntunkmn pmhm sumtu plrmnkemt elrms, plomemj tjhme plrcu tlrpmeu pmhm sumtu vlnhar smdm untue `lrmcjf hmrj sjstlo \NJV el sjstlo cmjnnym. Rrakrmo mpcjemsj ymnk `lrdmcmn pmhm sumtu sjstlo \NJV hmpmt hjpjnhmfemn el sjstlo \NJV cmjnnym.
7. Ouctj Xmsejnk
Wlslarmnk plomemj hmpmt olcmeuemn `l`lrmpm plelrdmmn hmcmo wmetu ymnk `lrsmommn hmrj sl`umf tlrojnmc.
8. Wjstlo @lrems Fjlrmrej
Olounkejnemn plomemj olnkarkmnjsmsjemn jniaromsj mtmu hmtm hmcmo `lntue ymnk ouhmf untue untu e hjjnkmt & ouhmf untue olnkmeslsnym. oln kmeslsnym.
<. \tjcjtms Wlduocmf prakrmo ymnk mntmrm cmjn `lrupm utjcjtms ymnk tlrslhjm pmhm \NJV.
G. Wflcc hmn Elrnlc
=.
Wflcc Rrakrmo ymnk olndlo`mtmnj uslr hlnkmn hlnk mn AW hmcmo fmc jnj Elrnlc (jntj
hmrj AW), uouonym Wflcc olnylhjmemn praopt sl`mkmj uslr jntlrimgl, tlopmt hjomnm uslr hmpmt olnkltjeemn plrjntmf-plrjntmf ymnk hjjnkjemn `mje `lrupm plrjntmf jntlrnmc Wflcc (jntlrnmc gaoomnh ) mtmupun plrjntmf lesleusj ijcl prakrmo (lxtlrnmc gaoomnh ). ).
0.
Elrnlc Dlo`mtmn mntmrm fmrhwmrl hmn mpcjemsj-mpcjemsj ymnk olnlrdlomfemn
`mfmsm saitwmrl slfjnkkmn omopu hjolnklrtj aclf fmrhwmrl. Mhm `l`lrmpm fmc ymnk hjcmeuemn hjcmeu emn aclf Elrnlc 4 m. Jntlrrupt fmnhclr `. Oloary Omnmklolnt
H. Oloucmj \NJV
=. \ntue oloucmj \NJV, tlemn tao`ac hmym ymnk `lrmhm hj `lcmemnk eaoputlr. 0. Wjstlo memn olcmeuemn `aatstrmp. 7. Wltlcmf slclsmj memn ounguc praopt – praopt –#‟ pmhm cmymr. 8. Emcmu suhmf dmcmnemn prakrmo ijcl sjstlo gle hlnkmn olnkltjeemn IWGE/Igflge hmcmo Ylnjx2=<. <. Rrakrmo IWGE memn ololrjesm jntlkrjtms sjstlo ijcl. 9. Omsueemn tmnkkmc & wmetu sjstlo, eltjeemn 4 hmtl oohhffooyy gantaf 4 –=229=8=2=9‟ Eltlrmnkmn 4 oo
4 `ucmn
hh 4 tmnkkmc ff 4 dmo oo
4 olnjt
yy 4 tmfun
L. Wjstlo Ijcl
Oltahl untue olnyjopmn & olnkmtur ijcl-ijcl hmn hmtm ymnk tlrsjopmn hj hmcmo untue olo`umtnym ouhmf hjtlouemn & hjmesls. Ijl Wjstlo hmpmt olnkkunmemn olhjm plnyjopmnmn hmtm slplrtj Fmrhhjse mtmu mtmu GHPAO.
I. Dlnjs Ijcl
Hj hmcmo AW \NJV tlrhmpmt `l`lrmpm dlnjs ijcl, ymjtu 4 =. Plkucmr Ijcl / Naromc Ijcl Ijcl ymnk slfmrj-fmrj ejtm kunmemn untue olnyjopmn haeuoln, prakrmo mtmupun hmtm. 0. Hjrlgtary Ijcl ymnk `lrjsj hmitmr ijcl (ijcl `jmsm mtmumpun su` hjrletarj). Hjrletarj `jmsmnym hjpmemj untue olnkarkmnjsjr ijcl.
7. Wplgjmc Ijcl Ijcl ymnk olnymtmemn pjrmntj ijsje slplrtj hjse, tmpl, icaapy, hmn prjntlr. Rmhm \NJV plomemj `lrfu`unkmn hlnkmn sloum pjrmntj ijsje olcmcuj ijcl efusus ymnk `jmsmnym mhm hj hjrletarj.
K. Rlnmommn Hjrletarj hmn Ijcl
Hjrletarj mhmcmf ijcl ymnk `lrjsj euopucmn ijcl, euopucmn ijcl hmpmt `lrupm ijcl `jmsm mtmu ijcl efusus, `mfemn hmpmt pucm `lrjsj hjrletarj slfjnkkm olounkejnemn `lrjsj hjrletarj, sl`mkmj fmsjcnym \NJV olojcjej sjstlo hjrletarj ymnk `lr`lntue trll. Wlhmnkemn ijcl mhmcmf jhlntjtms hmrj hmtm ymnk hjsjopmn hj hmcmo sjstlo `lrems ymnk hmpmt hjmesls hmn hjmtur aclf plnkkunm. pln kkunm. Wl`umf `lrems oljcjej nmom ymnk unje hmcmo hjrletarj hjomnm jm `lrmhm. Mcmomt hjrletarj hjomnm sumtu `lrems hjtlopmtemn hjjstjcmfemn hlnkmn pmtf. Nmom ymnk hjkunmemn untue sumtu hjrletarj mtmu ijcl, fmrus ololnufj `l`lrmpm mturmn ymnk `lrcmeu 4 =. Wloum emrmetlr slcmjn scmsf (/), >, *, (, ), U, _, {, }, Q `aclf hjkunmemn. 0. Furui `lsmr & furui elgjc `lr`lhm mrtj. 7. Rmndmnk omesjouo mhmcmf 0<< emrmetlr.
8. Nmom ijcl ymnk hjmwmcj hlnkmn sl`umf tjtje (.) memn olnyl`m`emn ijcl tlrsl`ut hjslo`unyjemn hmrj hmitmr ijcl.
F. Jzjn Olnkmesls Ijcl
=. \NJV olo`mkj 7 elcms ymnk `lrfme olnkmesls sl`umf ijcl4 m. Awnlr , ymjtu plomemj ymnk olngjptmemn ijcl `. Kraup, elcaopae hmrj slduocmf plomemj (sltjmp plomemj olopunymj kraup ojsmcnym slduocmf armnk ymnk tlrcj`mt hmcmo sl`umf prayle olopunymj kraup ymnk smom hmn `lrfme olnkmesls sumtu ijcl hlnkmn fme mesls ymnk smom). g. Atflr , plomemj hjcumr awnlr hmn kraup. 0. \NJV dukm olo`lrjemn 7 dlnjs oahlc mesls tlrfmhmp sl`umf ijcl, ymjtu4 m. Plmh mhmcmf jzjn untue olo`mgm ijcl mtmu nmom ijcl ymnk mhm pmhm sl`umf hjrletarj. `. [rjtl mhmcmf jzjn untue oloahjijemsj, olngjptmemn mtmu olnkfmpus lntrj hj hjrletarj. g. Lxlgutl, mhmcmf jzjn untue olnklesleusj ijcl ( ijcl ijcl lxlgutm`cl slplrtj wfa, gmc, mtmu ijcl sflcc sgrjpt ). ). Xmnhm ymnk hjkunmemn untue olnkmesls ijcl mhmcmf 4 r
? fme rlmh
w ? fme wrjtl x ? fme lxlgutm`cl lxlgutm`cl -
J.
? tme mhm jzjn
Olcjfmt Hjrletarj Ijcl
Rlrjntmf ‖cs‚ untue olcjfmt hmitmr ijcl hmrj hjrletarj metji, hmn (slgmrm pjcjfmn) olnmopjcemn emrmetlrjstje-emrmetlrjstjenym. emrmetlrjstje-emrme tlrjstjenym. Gantaf 4
$ cs prakrmo/g
fmsjc hmrj plrjntmf jnj mhmcmf 4
omel`ax.g groahl.g tprjnt.g
? Olnmopjcemn hmitmr nmom ijcl pmhm hjrletarj metji.
cs
cs ‗ c (cank ) ? Olnmopjcemn hmitmr nmom ijcl hlnkmn emrmtlrjstje-
emrmetlrjstjenym (ueurmn, elplojcjemn, prjvmsj, hmn cmjn sl`mkmjnym). cs ‗ ca ca ? Olnmopjcemn hmitmr nmom ijcl pmhm hjrletarj metji hlnkmn
mtrj`ut icmk-nym pmhm tmopjcmn tmo`mfmn apsj ‗ c. c. cs ‗ m
? Olnmopjcemn sloum ijcl pmhm hjrletarj metji.
cs ‗ I
? Olnmopjcemn nmom-nmom ijcl hlnkmn splgjmc emrmetlr pmhm
mefjr `mrjs ymnk olo`lrjtmfu mnhm dlnjs hmrj ijcl tlrsl`ut (ojsmcnym 4 –/‟ untue hjrletarj, –*‟ untue ijcl ymnk –unjx lxlgutm`cl‟, –B‟ untue mcjms
mtmu sjo`acje cjne, hs`). cs *.dpk ? Olnmopjcemn sloum nmom ijcl ymnk `lrmefjrmn hlnkmn –.dpk‟ . cs m*
? Olnmopjcemn sloum nmom ijcl ymnk `lrmwmcmn hlnkmn –m‟.
cs *mtt* ? Olnmopjcemn sloum nmom ijcl ymnk olnkmnhunk irmsl –mtt‟.
D.
Olo`umt Hjrletarj
Hat (.) olnunduemn hjrletarj jtu slnhjrj hmn hat hat (..) olnundueemn hjrletarj armnk tumnym ( pmrlnt pmrlnt ) ymjtu hjrletarj ymnk hj `mwmfnym ounguc gurrlnt hjrletarj.
Rlrjntmf4 oehjr Iunksj4 Olo`umt smtu mtmu cl`jf hjrletarj `mru (slsumj jzjn uslr ) Gantaf4 $ oehjr tukms
Mrtj 4 olo`umt struetur hjrletarj slplrtj pmhm plrjntmf tlrsl`ut.
E. Olnku`mf/Rjnhmf Hjrletarj
Rlrjntmf ‖gh‚ mkmr hmpmt `lrklrme hjmntmrm systlo ijcl. Rlrjntmf gh tmnpm splsjijemsj pmtfnmol hjsltlc el hjrletarj cakjn. Gantaf4 - $ pwh Nmom gurrlnt hjrletarj /usr/faol/uslr2= - $ gh prakrmo/`msjg Olnku`mf hjrletarj $ pwh /usr/faol/uslr2=/prakrmo/`msjg Nmom gurrlnt hjrletarj hjrletarj `mru - $ gh Olnku`mf elo`mcj el faol hjrletarj $ pwh Nmom systlo hjrletarj slemrmnk /usr/faol/uslr2= - $ gh .. Olnku`mf el pmrlnt hjrletarj hjrletarj $ pwh Nmom gurrlnt hjrletarj hjrletarj /usr/faol - $ gh Elo`mcj el faol hjrletarj $ pwh Nmom gurrlnt hjrletarj /usr/faol/uslr2=
C. Olnkfmpus Hjrletarj
\ntue olnkfmpus sumtu hjrletarj, uslr fmrus fmrus olojcjej plrjzjnmn ymnk olounkejnemn (wrjtl) slsumj oahl pratlesj. Rlrjntmf ‖rohjr ‚ memn olnkfmpus hjrletarj ymnk hjtundue. Hjrletarj ymnk memn hjfmpus fmrus ‖tjhme ‚ olnkmnhunk ijcl-ijcl mtmu su`hjrletarj. (Wlcuruf ijcl fmrus hjfmpus
tlrcl`jf hmfucu, sltlcmf jtu `mru hjrletarj hmpmt hjfmpus).
Rlrjntmf4 rohjr U-aptjan_ hjrlgtary… Iunksj 4 Olnkfmpus smtu mtmu cl`jf hjrletarj hmrj sjstlo. Xjhme mhm ijcl mtmu su`hjrletarj pmhm hjrletarj ymnk memn hjfmpus
Aptjan4 - p ?> Olnkfmpus hjrletarj ymnk hjsplsjijemn hmn slcuruf pmrlnt
hjrletarj hmn olndmhjemnnym easank sl`mkmj fmsjc plnkfmpusmn. Gantaf4 $ rohjr prakrmo/cmtjfmn ? Olnkfmpus hjrletarj cmtjfmn.
O. Olnmopjcemn jsj hjrletarj
Cs
4 untue olcjfmt ijcl hmcmo hjrletarj metji
Gantaf 4 cs /faol/ Olnmopjcemn jsj ijcl Gmt
4 untue olnmopjcemn jsj ijcl
Gantaf 4 gmt ijcl=.txt Jnj mhmcmf jsj hmrj ijcl=
N. Olo`umt Ijcl
Oehjr 4 untue olo`umt hjrletarj ijcl Gantaf 4 oehjr (nmomhjrletarj)
A. Olnymcjn ijcl
Gp
4 untue olnymcjn ijcl
Gantaf 4 gp /hjrletarj/ijclQsuo`lr /tudumnQijcl/ Gp /ltg/ijcl=.txt /vmr/www
R. Olnkfmpus Ijcl
Po
4 untue olnkfmpus ijcl
Gantaf 4 ro nmomQijcl
]. Olnkkmntj Nmom Ijcl
Ov
4 untue olnkkmntj nmom ijcl
Gantaf 4 ov /hjrletarj/ijclQymnkQjnkjnQhjrlnmol /nmomQ`mruQijcl (rlnmol) ov /ltg/ijcl=.txt ijcl0.txt
P. Olnku`mf Oahl Mesls hmn Elplojcjemn
Gfoah 4 untue olnku`mf oahl mesls hmn elplojcjemn Gantaf 4 Gfoah ;<7, `lrmrtj 4 ; ? 8+0+= 4 raat (plojcje ijcl) olopunymj fme untue olnklesleusj (=), olnucjs (0), hmn olo`mgm (8) sumtu hmtm mtmu hjrletarj < ? 8+= 4 uslr kraup olopunymj fme untue olo`mgm (8) hmn olnklesleusj (=) sumtu hmtm mtmu hjrletarj 7 ? 0+= 4 uslr nan kraup olopunymj fme untue olnucjs (0) hmn olnklesleusj sumtu hmtm mtmu hjrletarj 2 ? Xjhme mhm fme mesls = ? Fme mesls untue omsue hmn olnklesleusj sumtu hmtm mtmu iachlr (hjrletarj) 0 ? Fme mesls untue olnucjs/olnku`mf sumtu hmtm mtmu iachlr (hjrletarj) 8 ? Fme mesls untue olo`mgm sumtu hmtm mtmu iachlr (hjrletarj) Mtmu Gfoah rwx-rx-r, `lrmrtj 4 Pwx 4 4 raat (plojcje ijcl) olopunymj fme untue olnklesleusj (x), olnucjs (w), hmn olo`mgm (r) sumtu hmtm mtmu hjrletarj
uslr kraup olopunymj fme untue olo`mgm (r) hmn olnklesleusj (x)
sumtu hmtm mtmu hjrletarj uslr nan kraup olopunymj fme untue olo`mgm (r) sumtu hmtm mtmu
hjrletarj Gfawn 4 untue u`mf elplojcjemn ijcl Gantaf 4 gfawn uslr /faol/haeuoln
W. Rlnkmturmn Wlssjan
Cakkjnk el hmcmo sjstlo
Cak an el sjstlo ololrcuemn jh hmn pmsswarh yk hj`umt plrtmom emcj. Olnku`mf uslr jh pmsswarh pmsswarh
=. @uem tlrojnmc omsueemn 4 pmsswh uslr JH pmsswarh. 0. Cmcu omsueemn pmsswarh . 7. Wjstlo memn olnmopjcemn praopt gfmnkjnk pmsswarh iar uslr JH, cmom ) ach pmsswarh 4 .. (omsueemn pmsswarh cmom 8. Wjstlo memn olnmopjcemn praopt Nlw pmsswarh 4 ...( omsueemn `mru ). pmsswarh `mru
@M@ JJJ ELWJOR\CMN
\NJV mhmcmf smcmf smtu sjstlo aplrmsj ymnk plrjntmf-plrjntmfnym hjdmcmnemn `lr`msjs Xlxt@mslh ymnk ymnk hmpmt hjkunmemn hj eaoputlr `mje gcjlnt omupun omupun slrvlr . Gjrj-gjrj sjstlo \NJV mhmcmf olounkejnemn untue ouctjuslr, ouhmf plnkkunmmnnym, plnkkunmmnn ym, ouctjtmsejnk hlnkmn hlnkmn prasls ymnk rjnkmn (tjhme `mnyme eaopjcmsj) hmn olojcjej utjcjty (prakrmo plo`mntu) ymnk `lrsjimt lijsjln, hmn \NJV gueup ouhmf hmcmo omnmdloln ijcl.
PLILPLNWJ
Emhjr, M`huc. 02=2. Rlnklnmcmn \NJV hmn CJN\V . Zakymemrtm4 Mnhj. Wusmnta, @uhj. 0226. \NJV hmn Rlorakrmomn Wgrjpt . Dmemrtm4 Mnhj. fttps4//www.scjhlsfmrl.nlt/MclxmJtalMrjlntjm/omemcmf-unjx fttps4//www.sgrj`h.gao/hag/:096<27;/Jsj-Omemcmf-\NJV
