Makalah Keperibadian dan Sikap Guru

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JA]A [FB@AB]AU

[von mab |~vjvu {fbvin| {aboa}jab jfgamnua} Aiiag \P] ~ab` }fiag mnind{agjab Uagdam mab Gnma~ag B~a vb}vj jn}a |fdva) mab efuja} }avgnm Baen Ef|au Dvgaddam \AP |fea`an baen ef|au jn}a mab ovbovb`ab jn}a ~ab` }fiag dfdeapa jn}a maun aiad ~ab` `fia{ `vin}a jf aiad ~ab` }fuab` efumfuab` {fbvg nidv {fb`f}agvab" \fgnb``a {fbvin| |jun{|n nbn mfb`ab ovmvi ’[fb`fu}nab Mab [fuabab Jf{funeamnab \fu}a \nja{ Mab V|aga @vuv Maiad Dfdefb}vj Mab  Dfb`fdeab`jab Jf{funeamnab [f|fu}a Mnmnj — }fiag ma{a} {fbvin| |fif|anjab" ]nmaj 

{via iv{a |gaiapa} |fu}a |aiad jf{ama ovbovb`ab jn}a Baen Dvgaddam \AP ef|fu}a jfivau`a mab |agaea} efinav |fjainab" [fbvin| dfb~amaun eagpa dajaiag nbn da|ng oavg maun jf|fd{vubaab mnjaufbajab jf}fuea}a|ab {fb`f}agvab ~ab` {fbvin| dninjn" Vb}vj n}v {fbvin| |ab`a} dfb`gaua{jab jun}njab mab |auab ~ab` efu|nha} dfdeab`vb mfdn jf|fd{vubaab {fdeva}ab dajaiag mnda|a ~ab` ajab ma}ab`" Ajgnub~a |fdc`a oa|a mab adai eanj ~ab` }fiag mn|vdeab`jab) {fbvin| |fuagjab jf{ama Aiiag \P] vb}vj dfdeaia|b~a" Gaua{ab {fbvin| |fdc`a dajaiag nbn efudabhaa} ea`n {fb`fdeab`ab {fb`fdeab`ab {fbmnmnjab jfauag ~ab` ifeng eanj" Adnb ~a uaeeai kaiadnb""

Eabma Alfg)

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MAH]AU N\N

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nn

EAE N [FBMAGVIVAB

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5

EAE NN [FDEAGA\AB

A" [fb`fu}nab Jf{funeamnab """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""" """

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L" Lnun$Lnun Jf{funeamnab Nbmnxnmv ~ab` Dfd{fb`auvgn [uc|f| Mab Ga|ni Efiaoau"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""

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M" [fb`vjvuab Jf{funeamnab """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""" """

18

F" [fuabab @vuv Maiad [uc|f| Efiaoau Dfb`aoau """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

5;

EAE NNN [FBV]V[

A" Jf|nd{viab """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""" """"

56

E" \auab """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""

58

MAH]AU [V\]AJA

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EAE N [FBMAGVIVAB

A" Ia}a Efiajab`

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1

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E" Uvdv|ab Da|aiag

1" A{a {fb`fu}nab jf{funeamnab3 5" A{a |aoa haj}cu$haj}cu ~ab` dfd{fb`auvgn jf{funeamnab3 <" Ea`andabajag Ea`andabajag lnun$lnun jf{funeamnab nbmnxnmv ~ab` dfd{fb`auvgn {uc|f| mab ga|ni efiaoau3 =" Ea`andaba laua {fb`vjvuab jf{funeamnab3 6" A{a {fuabab `vuv maiad dfdefb}vj mab dfb`fdeab`jab jf{funeamnab maiad {uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau3

5

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EAE NN [FDEAGA\AB

A" [fb`fu}nab Jf{uneamnab

Jf{uneamnab n}v dfdninjn eab~aj au}n) eagjab |ajnb` eab~ajb~a ecifg mnja}ajab ovdiag mfhnbn|n mab au}n maun jf{uneamnab amaiag |fovdiag cuab` ~ab` dfbah|nujabb~a" Gai nbn }fuoamn jaufba amab~a {fuefmaab maiad {fb~v|vbab }fcun) {fbfin}nab mab {fb`vjvuabb~a" {fb`vjvuabb~a" Jf{uneamnab amaiag jf|fivuvgab laua mn daba |fcuab` nbmnxnmv efufaj|n mab efunb}fuaj|n mfb`ab nbmnxnmv ianb" Jf{uneamnab {ainb` |funb` mnmf|jun{|njab maiad n|}niag |nha} ~ab` en|a mnvjvu ~ab` mn}vbovjjab cifg |f|fcuab`" Jf{uneamnab {ama gajnja}b~a dfuv{ajab `adeauab |nja{ mab {uniajv dabv|na |flaua vdvd ~ab` }fulfudnb maun vla{ab mab {fueva}abb~a" {fueva}abb~a" Jcb|f{ jf{uneamnab amaiag jcb|f{ ~ab` iva| |fgnb``a }nmaj dvb`jnb ma{a} dfuvdv|jab |a}v mfhnbn|n ~ab` }aoad }a{n ma{a} dfblab`jv{ jf|fivuvgabb~a" Cifg jaufba n}v) {fb`fu}nab maun |a}v agin mfb`ab ~ab` ianbb~a efuefma$efma" Badvb mfdnjnab) mfhnbn|n ~ab` efuefma$efma }fu|fev} |ainb` dfifb`ja{n mab dfd{fuja~a {fdagadab }fb}ab` jcb|f{ jf{uneamnab" 1" Jf{uneamnab |flaua vdvd

[fu|cbain}~ a}av jf{uneamnab efua|ai maun ja}a {fu|cba) ja}a {fu|cba dfuvovj {ama }c{fb` ~ab` ena|a mn`vbajab {aua {fdanb |abmnpaua mn _adab Ucdapn" \flaua vdvd jf{uneamnab dfbvbovj {ama ea`andaba nbmnxnmv }ad{ni mab dfbndevijab jf|ab ea`n nbmnxnmv$nbmnxnmv ianbb~a" [ama ma|aub~a mfhnbn|n maun jf{uneamnab |flaua vdvd nbn amaiag ifdag jaufba gab~a dfbnian {funiajv ~ab` ma{a} mnada}n |aoa mab }nmaj dfb`aeanjab jfdvb`jnbab eagpa lnun$lnun nbn en|a efuveag }fu`ab}vb` {ama |n}va|n |fjn}aub~a |fianb n}v mfhnbn|n nbn mn|fev} ifdag jaufba |nha}b~a ~ab` efu|nha} fxaiva}nh 'dfbnian.) ea`andaba{vb {ama ma|aub~a jf{uneamnab n}v }nmaj ma{a} mnbnian ’eanj— a}av ’evuvj— jaufba efu|nha} bf}uai" 5" Jf{uneamnab dfbvuv} [|njcic`n

Vb}vj

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jf{uneamnab

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ajab

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dfb``vbajab

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daj|vm

dfbvbovjjab eagpa onpa mab ua`a dabv|na amaiag |va}v |n|}fd ~ab` }fu{amv mab }nmaj ma{a} mn{n|agjab |a}v |ada ianb) |fu}a mnab}aua jfmvab~a |fiaiv }fuoamn nb}fuaj|n maiad dfb`auagjab }nb`jag iajv" \fmab`jab n|}niag jga| maiad ea}a|ab jf{uneamnab Aii{cu} n}v dfdninjn au}n eagpa |f}na{ nbmnxnmv dfdninjn jf{uneamnabb~a |fbmnun" ]nmaj ama mva cuab` ~ab` efujf{uneamnab |ada) jaufba n}v }nmaj ama mva cuab` ~ab` efu{funiajv |ada" \n`dvbm Hufvm dfdabmab` jf{uneamnab |fea`an |va}v |}uvj}vu ~ab` }fumnun maun }n`a |n|}fd ~an}v Nm) F`c mab \v{fuf`c" Mab }nb`jag iajv) dfbvuv} Hufvm) }nmaj ianb dfuv{ajab ga|ni maun jcbhinj mab ufjcb|nina|n jf}n`a |n|}fd jfu{neamnab }fu|fev}" Maun |fea`nab ef|au }fcun jf{uneamnab mna}a|) ma{a} jn}a adeni jf|adaab |ee 'F" Jc|paua.? a" \fea`nab ef|au ea}a|ab dfivjn|jab jfu{neamnab |fea`an |va}v |}uvj}vu a}av cu`abn|a|n gn{c}f|n|) mab }nb`jag iajv mninga} |fea`an |f|va}v ~ab` mncu`abn|a|n mab mnnb}f`ua|njab cifg jf{uneamnab" A}av mfb`ab ja}a ianb jf{uneamnab mn{abmab` |fea`an ’cu`abn|a|n— ~ab` dfboamn {fbfb}v a}av {fb`auag }nb`jag iajv jn}a" e" \fea`nab ef|au ea}a|ab dfbfjabjab {fuivb~a dfdagadn au}n {fuefmaab$  {fuefmaab nbmnxnmvai" Mfb`ab n|}niag ’jf{uneamnab—) jfvbnjab maun |f}na{ nbmnxnmv }fub~a}ajab" Mab dfiaivn |}vm~ }fb}ab` jf{uneamnab) |nha}$|nha} a}av jvd{viab |nha} nbmnxnmv ~ab` dfdefmajabb~a mfb`ab nbmnxnmv ianb mngaua{jab ma{a} dfboamn ofia| a}av ma{a} mn{agadn" [aua }fcun| jf{uneamnab dfdabmab` jf{uneamnab |fea`an |f|va}v ~ab` vbnj mab a}av jga| {ama mnun |f}na{ cuab`" l" \fea`nab ef|au ea}a|ab dfbfjabjab {fb}nb`b~a dfinga} jf{uneamnab maun |vmv} ’|foauag gnmv{—) {fujfdeab`ab) mab {fu|{fj}nh" Jf{uneamnab)

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dfbvuv} }fcun| jf{uneamnab) dfuf{uf|fb}a|njab dfuf{uf|fb}a|njab {uc|f| jf}fuinea}ab |ve~fj  a}av nbmnxnmv a}a| {fb`auvg${fb`auvg nb}fubai mab fj|}fubai ~ab` dfblajv{ hal}cu$haj}cu `fbf}nl a}av encic`n|) {fb`aiadab${fb`aiadab |clnai) mab {fuveagab inb`jvb`ab" A}av mfb`ab ja}a ianb) lcuaj mab jfvbnjab jf{uneamnab nbmnxnmv n}v mn{fb`auvgn cifg hal}cu$haj}cu eapaab mab inb`jvb`ab"

<" Efefua{a mfhnbn|n jf{uneamnab dfbvuv} {aua agin

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E" Haj}cu$Haj}cu ^ab` Dfd{fb`auvgn [fdefb}vjab Jf{uneamnab

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Paun|ab encic`n|

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1" Paun|ab Encic`n|

\fdva dabv|na ~ab` bcudai mab |fga} dfd{vb~an {fu|adaab encic`n| }fu}fb}v) |f{fu}n dfd{vb~an mva }ab`ab) {abla nbmfua) jfifboau |fj|) mab c}aj  ~ab` uvdn}" [fu|adaab encic`n| nbn dfdeab}v dfbofia|jab efefua{a {fu|adaab maiad jf{uneamnab mab {funiajv |fdva cuab`" \f}na{ paun|ab encic`n| |f|fuab` ov`a efu|nha} vbnj) ~ab` efuau}n) eagpa }nmaj |fcuab` {vb 'jflvain abaj jfdeau. ~ab` dfd{vb~an dfd{vb~an jauaj}fun|}nj hn|nj ~ab` gad{nu |ada"

8

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

Efefua{a cuab` {fula~a eagpa jf{uneamnab |f|fcuab` }nmaj ifeng maun |fjfmau {fbad{niab paun|ab encic`n|b~a" Jauaj}fun|}nj jf{uneamnab |f{fu}n jf}fjvbab) aden|n) jfovovuab) jundnbain}a|) jfianbab |fj|vai) mab lnun ~ab` ianb mnab``a{ }ndevi maun jflfbmfuvb`ab$jflfbmfuvb`ab jflfbmfuvb`ab$jflfbmfuvb`ab }vuvbab" Eagjab ama ~ab` efuab``a{ab) dfiaivn }ad{niab hn|nj ma{a} mnjf}agvn ea`andaba jf{uneamnab cuab` }fu|fev}" Lcb}cg maiad gai nbn ma{a} mninga} maiad evjv$evjv {undecb Oapa) dvian maun hn|nj) uadev}) jvin}) efb}vj dvja) gnb``a }agn iaia}" Mfpa|a nbn }nmaj eab~aj ia`n ~ab` da|ng dfd{fula~an ab``a{ab nbn" [abmab`ab |fjauab` nbn dfb~a}ajab eagpa jf{uneamnab |f|fcuab` mnefb}vj cifg {fb`aiadab" \fefbaub~a {fuefmaab nbmnxnmvai maiad jfdad{vab) {uf|}a|n) mab {funiajv gad{nu |fdvab~a efugvevb`ab mfb`ab inb`jvb`ab) mab eagpa {fuefmaab nbmnxnmv maiad paun|ab encic`n| }nmaj ef`n}v {fb}nb`" Hfbcdfba jcb}uamnj}nh nbn) ab}aua ’eapaab mab a|vgab—) efuiab`|vb` lvjv{ iada) mab da|nb`$da|nb` dfdninjn {fb`abv} ~ab` lvjv{ ef|au" \va}v {fbfin}nab }fugama{ 5"6;; abaj jfdeau |n|pa \I]A dfuv{ajab |aiag |a}v iab`jag vb}vj dfblaun mfuaoa} jfefbauab maun da|nb`$da|nb` ab``a{ab mnjfdvjajab cifg Bnlgci| '1>00.) ga|nib~a dfb~nd{vijab eagpa gad{nu |f}fb`ag xauna|n mn ab}aua cuab`$cuab` maiad |{fj}uvd lnun$lnun {|njcic`n| ~ab` iva| amaiag ajnea} maun {fuefmaab jauaj}fun|}nj `fbf}n|) |fmab`jab |f}fb`agb~a ia`n amaiag ajnea} inb`jvb`ab" [fuefmaab nbmnxnmvai maiad paun|ab encic`n| amaiag b~a}a) }fuif{a| maun a{ajag jfb~a}aabb~a mfdnjnab dfb~feaejab |f|fcuab` eaga`na a}av }nmaj" Vb}vj  efefua{a lnun) paun|ab encic`n| ifeng {fb}nb` maun{ama ~ab` ianb" Dn|aib~a) efefua{a {fbfin}nab dfbvbovjjab eagpa NQ abaj ab`ja} ifeng dnun{ mfb`ab NQ cuab` }va jabmvb`b~a maun{ama mfb`ab cuab` }va ab`ja}b~a 'Gcu}cb) 1>><." Badvb) df|jn{vb {fuefmaab nbmnxnmvai maiad NQ }ad{ajb~a ifeng eab~aj  mn}fb}vjab cifg jf}vuvbab maun{ama cifg inb`jvb`ab) eab~aj {fuefmaab ~ab` ianbb~a mn}fb}vjab cifg inb`jvb`ab" \va}v |}vmn eauv$eauv nbn dfbfdvjab evj}n eagpa haj}cu jf}vuvbab efu{fb`auvg jva} }fugama{ jfuadag$}adagab) {funiajv jcd{vi|nh 'dfdaj|a. mab jfdvmagab maiad {fu`aviab |c|nai) }f}a{n haj}cu jf}vuvbab }nmaj ef`n}v {fb}nb` maiad jf{fdnd{nbab) {fb`fbmainab mcucb`ab nd{vi|nh 'lf{a} efu}nbmaj.) |nja{) mab dnba}"

0

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

Jf|nd{viabb~a) eagpa paun|ab encic`n| {fb}nb` maiad efefua{a lnun jf{uneamnab mab jvuab` {fb}nb` maiad gai$gai ianb" ]nmaj ama ja|v| ~ab` ma{a} dfb`vjvu {fb`auvg jf}vuvbab mab inb`jvb`ab mfb`ab }f{a}) }f}a{n eab~aj  nidvpab |f{fbma{a} eagpa a{ajag {c}fb|n paun|ab |f|fcuab` efujfdeab` |f{fbvgb~a) |ab`a} mn{fb`auvgi cifg {fb`aiadab |c|nai cuab` ~ab` efu|ab`jv}ab" Efefua{a cuab` efu{abmab`ab eagpa cuab` `fdvj amaiag {funab`) eagpa cuab` mfb`ab jfbnb` ~ab` ifeau lfuma|) eagpa cuab` efuadev} dfuag efupa}aj  dvmag dfifmaj#dauag) eagpa cuab` mfb`ab uagab` ifeau dfd{vb~an jf{uneamnab ~ab` jva}" Eab~aj jf~ajnbab vdvd |f{fu}n n}v }fiag }fuevj}n }nmaj efbau jf}nja mnvon |flaua fd{nun|) df|jn{vb jamab`$jamab` mn}fdvjab efefua{a gvevb`ab ~ab` ae|ag" \fea`andaba {fbfin}nab ~ab` mniajvjab cifg Eau '1>00. mfb`ab dfdeabmnb`jab jficd{cj |ad{fi efuadev} dfuag mfb`ab |va}v jficd{cj  jfbmain ~ab` }fumnun maun cuab`$cuab` mfb`ab efuea`an pauba uadev} mab dfia{cujab eagpa pa}aj |n uadev} dfuag vdvdb~a dfdab` ifeng |funb` dfifmaj$ifmaj mab a`uf|nh" ia dfb`fdvjajab amab~a gvevb`ab `fbf}n| ab}aua jauaj}fun|}nj hn|nj 'uadev} dfuag. mfb`ab jauaj}fun|}nj jf{uneamnab 'dvmag dfifmaj) a`uf|nh." [fbofia|ab ianb dfb~a}ajab eagpa |f}na{ jauaj}fun|}nj hn|nj mnmfhnbn|njab |flaua |c|nai mab jvi}vuai maiad |f}na{ da|~auaja} 'Gcu}cb) 1>><." Dn|aijab) `amn| `fdvj mnja`vdn mn Magcdf~" \va}v jauaj}fun|}nj hn|nj ma{a} dfboamnjab |f|fcuab` lab}nj maiad |va}v da|~auaja} mab dfboamn ’abaj efefj evuvj uv{a— maiad da|~auaja} ianb" Cifg jaufba n}v) jauaj}fun|}nj hn|nj }fu}fb}v dfboamn |va}v haj}cu maiad {fujfdeab`ab jf{uneamnab |f|van mfb`ab ea`andaba na mnmfhnbn|njab mab mn{fuiajvjab maiad da|~auaja} mab cifg jficd{cj alvab |f|fcuab`" Jaiav cuab` efuadev} dfuag mngaua{jab dvmag dfifmaj mab mnefbaujab jaiav dauag) }nmaj dfb`gfuabjab enia dfufja dfboamn {fdauag" \fea`andaba mnb~a}ajab mna}a|) cuab` dfbab``a{n gaua{ab {funiajv maun cuab` ianb mab lfbmfuvb` dfboamn efu{funiajv |f{fu}n ~ab` mngaua{jab cifg cuab` ianb }fu|fev}" \fea`an jf|nd{viab) jauaj}fun|}nj hn|nj oauab` dfb`ga|nijab |nha}$|nha} {funiajv }fu}fb}v) gaua{ab |c|nai mab jvi}vuaiiag ~ab` dfb~feaejabb~a mfdnjnab"

7

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

5" Inb`jvb`ab Hn|nj

\cucjnb '1>57. dfb~nd{vijab }fcun efua}v|$ua}v| {fbvin| maun Lcbhnlnv|) Aun|}c}fif|) mab Gn{clua}f| |ad{an jf{ama agin `fc`uahn Fii|pcu}g Gvb}nb`}cb) ~ab` dfbfjabjab eagpa {fuefmaab {funiajv jficd{cj }fuv}ada mn|feaejab cifg {fuefmaab njind) }c{c`uahn) mab |vdefu aiad" ]fcun }fu|fev} |f|van efbau mfb`ab jfuab`ja f}bc|fb}un| '{abmab`ab ~ab` dfb~a}ajab ab``c}a eamab jn}a ifeng eanj  mneabmnb`jab mfb`ab ianbb~a) jaufba `fc`uahn dfdefunjab jf}fuab`ab ~ab` lvjv{ eanj mab ofia| ceofj}nh }fugama{ jfeaonjab ba|ncbai mab |nha}$|nha} evuvj  cuab` ianb" [ama vdvdb~a mnajvn eagpa inb`jvb`ab in b`jvb`ab hn|nj dfd{fb`auvgn jf{uneamnab" Eab`|a A}gaea|lab| dfdninjn jf{uneamnab ~ab` mcdnbab ~ab` dfb~feaejab dfufja ma{a} efu}agab gnmv{ maiad njind ~ab` ifeng mnb`nb maun{ama mafuag Aul}nl" Cuab` {fmaiadab Av|}uaina gauv| efuovab` mfb`ab `n`ng vb}vj }f}a{ gnmv{) {amagai eab`|a \adca gab~a dfdfuivjab |fmnjn} paj}v |f}na{ gaunb~a vb}vj dfbma{a}jab ifeng eab~aj dajabab maun{ama ~ab` en|a dfufja dajab" Daiag |fjauab` efefua{a mafuag gab~a ma{a} dfbcicb` |fea`nab jflni {fbmvmvj  ~ab` }fu|feau |ab`a} oauab`) mab jf{ama}ab {fbmvmvj dfd{fb`auvgn jf{uneamnab" \vjv Nj maun V`abma |fmab` dfb`aiadn jfia{auab |flaua {fuiagab) jaufba gniab`b~a }abag }fd{a} {fuevuvab }uamn|ncbai) mab dfbvuv} ]vubevii '1>0<. dfufja dfboamn |fjficd{cj cuab` ~ab` {ainb` }adaj) {ainb` uajv| mn mvbna: |ada |fjain }nmaj dfdninjn jfuadagab) }nmaj |vja dfbcicb` a}av }nmaj  dfd{vb~an ua|a ja|ngab) daiag dfufev} dajabab maun dviv} abaj dfufja maiad {fuovab`ab dfd{fu}agabjab gnmv{" \vjv Qvciia maun [fuv mn`adeaujab cifg ]uc}}fu '1>0<. |fea`an |fjficd{cj cuab` ~ab` {ainb` jfua| mn mvbna) mab na dfb`gvevb`jab gai nbn mfb`ab gn{c`injfdna 'dfbvuvbb~a jabmvb`ab `ivjc|a mauag. ~ab` }ndevi jaufba jfjvuab`ab dajabab" Ofia|iag eagpa inb`jvb`ab hn|nj dfd{fb`auvgn jf{uneamnab mab {funiajv" Badvb) maun inda haj}cu }fu|fev} mn a}a|) inb`jvb`ab hn|nj dfuv{ajab haj}cu ~ab` {ainb` }nmaj {fb}nb`) oavg jvuab` {fb}nb`b~a maun haj}cu jfevma~aab) {fb`aiadab jficd{cj) a}av {fb`aiadab vbnj"

>

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

<" Jfevma~aab

Efefua{a {fb`aiadab vdvd ea`n |fivuvg jfevma~aab) mndaba ea~n mn{fingaua a}av mnefun dajab cifg cuab` ~ab` ifeng }va) gnmv{ maiad jficd{cj) efiaoau efujcdvbnja|n dfiaivn eaga|a) dfb`aiadn gvjvdab mab dfbfunda ndeaiab#{vonab mab |fdaladb~a) |fu}a dfb`aiadn {fb`aiadab ianb ~ab` vdvd mnaiadn cifg ofbn| dabv|na" \f}na{ da|~auaja} |fefbaub~a dfdefunjab {fb`aiadab }fu}fb}v ~ab` }nmaj mnefunjab cifg da|~auaja} ianb jf{ama ab``c}ab~a" Maun {fb`aiadab |c|nai ~ab` |fefbaub~a ~ab` vdvd ea`n |fivuvg ab``c}a da|~auaja} }fu}fb}v) }ndeviiag jcbhn`vua|n jf{uneamnab ~ab` jga| maun ab``c}a da|~auaja} }fu|fev}" MvEcn| dfb~fev}b~a |fea`an ’dcmai {fu|cbain}~— 'mnadeni maun n|}niag |}a}n|}n| ’dcmf— ~ab` dfb`alv {ama |va}v bnian ~ab` {ainb` |funb` }ndevi maiad efuea`an |fun." Bcuda$bcuda jfevma~aab ~ab` ama maiad inb`jvb`ab da|~auaja} dfb`nja} dabv|na |foaj |aa} jfiagnuabb~a" \fcuab` abaj mn{fuiajvjab maiad laua$laua ~ab` dfdefb}vj jf{uneamnab" \f}na{ jfevma~aab dfb~fmnajab |f{fuab`ja} |f{fuab`ja} {fb`auvg vdvd) ~ab` |ab`a} efuefma maun da|~auaja} jf da|~auaja}" Inb}cb dfb`a}ajab eagpa |f}na{ jfevma~aab dfbfjabjab |fuab`janab {fb`auvg vdvd }fugama{ nbmnxnmv ~ab` }vdevg mn eapag jfevma~aab da|~auaja}" [fb`auvg${fb`auvg nbn efuefma maun |a}v jfevma~aab jf jfevma~aab ianb) }f}a{n |fdvab~a dfuv{ajab mfbcdnba}cu {fb`aiadab ea`n |f}na{ cuab` ~ab` }fuda|vj jf maiad da|~auaja} }fu|fev}" [fbfin}nab maiad |cai {fujfdeab`ab jf{uneamnab maiad jfevma~aab ov`a }fiag `a`ai maiad dfdevj}njab }fcun Hufvm }fb}ab` ga|ni laua dfb`a|vg abaj  ~ab` jgv|v|" Mndaba ga|nib~a dfbvbovjjab eagpa |va|aba inb`jvb`ab jf|fivuvgab dfuv{ajab gai {fb}nb` maiad {fujfdeab`ab jf{uneamnab) evjab laua }fu}fb}v ~ab` |{f|nhnj" A{ajag |fcuab` abaj mnefun |v|v A\N a}av |v|v ec}ci) }nmajiag {fb}nb`: ~ab` {fb}nb` amaiag a{ajag laua {fdefunab |v|v n}v mniajvjab maiad jcbmn|n ~ab` dfuv{ajab |va|aba df|ua mab {fbvg ja|ng |a~ab` maiaub mvbna ~ab` gab`a} mab adab: a}av jfoamnab ena|a ~ab` }fuevuv$evuv maiad |n}va|n ~ab` }ab{a {fua|aab) jvuab` }ab``a{ mab }nmaj ajuae" \fcuab` ea~n iagnu jf mvbna nbn |fea`an |va}v cu`abn|df jflni ~ab` f`cn| ~ab` {fbvg mfb`ab |f`aia dalad jfev}vgab hn|nj" Jfdvmnab na dfboamn |fcuab` dabv|na mfb`ab |f{fuab`ja} |nja{ mab bnian) jf|vjaab mab jf}nmaj|vjaab) }vovab

1;

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

|fu}a daj|vm) {cia ufaj|n) mab jcb|f{ ~ab` dfbmaiad |fu}a jcb|n|}fb }fb}ab` mnunb~a" \f}na{ cuab` dfd{fucifg |fdva n}v dfiaivn |va}v {uc|f| ~ab` mn|fev} |c|nain|a|n" \c|nain|a|n amaiag |va}v {uc|f| mfb`ab daba |f|fcuab` dfb`ga~a}n 'dfbmauag ma`nb`jab$nb}fubainzf. bcuda$bcbba jficd{cj mn daba na gnmv{ |fgnb``a }ndeviiag ’mnun— ~ab` vbnj"

=" [fb`aiadab Jficd{cj

[ama apai jfgnmv{ab dabv|na }nmaj mn}fdvjab a{a ~ab` mn|fev} mnun" ]fuma{a} cu`abn|df hn|nj) }f}a{n }nmaj ama ua|a {uneamn" Jfdvmnab ea~n dfblcea dfua|ajab ea}a|$ea}a| }vevgb~a) dfufja dvian dfb`fbain cuab`" Jfdvmnab efuaboaj maun bada ~ab` dfdefmajab |}a}v| dfboamn bada ~ab` dfb`nmfb}nhnja|n nbmnxnmv) }fuda|vj mnunb~a" Jfdvmnab dfufja dfb``vbajab ja}a ’|a~a— ~ab` dfuv{ajab |va}v }abma ~ab` ofia| a}a| jf|amauab mnun ~ab` {a|}n" \va}v }abma eagpa abaj }fu|fev} }fiag |fdajnb |amau |fea`an dabv|na ~ab` efuefma maun ~ab` ianbb~a" Mfb`ab jfda}ab`ab hn|nj |fu}a ajvdvia|n {fb`aiadab${fb`aiadab |c|naib~a abaj n}v dfdefb}vj |va}v `adeauab }fb}ab` mnunb~a" [fdefb}vjab `adeauab mnun |f|fcuab` dvb`jnb dfuv{ajab {uc|f| }vb``ai ~ab` |ab`a} {fb}nb` maiad {fujfdeab`ab jf{uneamnab" [fb`aiadab |c|nai dfuv{ajab |va}v gai {fb}nb` vb}vj {fu}vdevgab dabv|na" [fujfdeab`ab jf{uneamnab evjabiag gab~a |fjfmau {fdevjaab c}cda}n| {c}fb|n eapaab" ]ab{a {fb`aiadab jficd{cj) jf{uneamnab dabv|na }nmaj efujfdeab`" Eagjab ma{a} mnja}ajab eagpa dabv|na dfdev}vgjab {fb`aiadab jficd{cj ~ab` nb}nd enia dfufja nb`nb efujfdeab` |fea`an dajivj  mfpa|a ~ab` bcudai" Jfefuamaab jficd{cj maiad da|~auaja} dfuv{ajab |va}v gai {fb}nb` maiad {fujfdeab`ab jf{uneamnab |f|fcuab`) jaufba jficd{cjjficd{cj nbn dfuv{ajab dcmfi vb}vj `a`a|ab a}av bcuda$bcuda {funiajv |f|fcuab`" Jficd{cj |fdalad n}v mn|fev} jficd{cj alvab 'ufhfufblf `ucv{." Dvia$dvia jficd{cj jfivau`a amaiag jficd{cj ~ab` }fu{fb}nb`) jaufba jficd{cj nbn dfuv{ajab jficd{cj |a}v$|a}vb~a ~ab` mndninjn ea~n |fiada da|a$da|a ~ab` {ainb` {fja" \fdva ~ab` efupfbab` |f}vov eagpa lnun$lnun jf{uneamnab ma|au maun

11

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

nbmnxnmv mnefb}vj {ama }agvb$}agvb {fu}ada nbn maiad inb`jvb`ab jfivau`a" Jfdvmnab) jficd{cj |fea~a '{ffu `ucv{.) ~ajbn jficd{cj ianb ~ab` |ada v|na mab |}a}v|b~a) dfboamn {fb}nb` |fea`an |va}v jficd{cj ufhfufb|" Jf`a`aiab |fcuab` abaj vb}vj dfbma{a}jab {fb`ajvab |c|nai maiad jficd{cj |fea~a |funb` mnnjv}n cifg {cia {fbciajab |c|nai mab jf`a`aiab |c|nai |fvdvu gnmv{" A{aenia |fcuab` efivd dfdninjn vjvuab ~ab` paoau }fb}ab` {fbfundaab jficd{cj |fea~a amaiag |vin}) jaiav }nmaj ma{a} mnja}ajab dv|}agni) ea`n |fcuab` vb}vj dfb`fdeab`jab `adeauab mnun ~ab` mfpa|a |fea`an |fcuab` ~ab` efugau`a mab jcd{f}fb" Jficd{cj alvab nbn maiad {fujfdeab`abb~a dfb`aiadn {fu`ab}nab |fnunb` mfb`ab v|na mab aj}nhn}a| nbmnxnmv ~ab` efu|ab`jv}ab" Gab~a {fuivb~a mn|amaun eagpa maun ua}v|ab jfdvb`jnbab jficd{cj ufhfufb| ~ab` dfboamn {fb}nb` ea`n |f}na{ cuab` mab maun fxaiva|n jficd{cj nbn `adeauab mnun |f|fcuab` |flaua }fuv|$dfbfuv| mnefb}vj mab mn{fueagauvn" Cifg jaufba n}v) }nmajiag |aiag jaiav mnja}ajab eagpa |f}na{ nbmnxnmv en|a dfboamn alvab a}av ufhfufb| ea`n nbmnxnmv ianbb~a maiad {fdefb}vjab jf{uneamnab ~ab` efu|ab`jv}ab) mfdnjnab ov`a |feainjb~a" Da|~auaja} ~ab` jcd{ifj|#daofdvj dfdninjn eab~aj jficd{cj mab jfevma~aab jgv|v| mfb`ab |}abmau ~ab` efuefma mab jamab`jaia efu}fb}ab`ab" \f|fcuab` mngama{jab {ama dcmfi$dcmfi {funiajv ~ab` {ama |va}v |aa} mn{von |fmab` {ama |aa} ianb mnlfia a}av mn|f}vovn cifg efefua{a jficd{cj mab mnjv}vj  cifg jficd{cj ianbb~a" Mfb`ab mfdnjnab |fcuab` abaj ajab efiaoau eagpa na gauv| ’}ab``vg— mab dad{v vb}vj ’dfbf`ajjab gajb~a—) badvb {ama |aa} ~ab` |ada na {vb gauv| ma{a} efuiajv }fu}ne) {fbvg {fu}ndeab`ab mab ua|a gcuda}" Maiad |va}v da|~auaja} mn daba |f}na{ cuab` efu`fuaj maiad |fovdiag jficd{cj  mfb`ab |}abmau mab bnian ~ab` efuefma) |f}na{ cuab` gauv| dad{v dfbfb}vjab laua vb}vj dfb`a}a|n }ab}ab`ab$}ab}ab`ab }ab}ab`ab$}ab}ab`ab ~ab` |fuea efu}fb}ab`ab"

6" [fb`aiadab ~ab` Vbnj

Dfb`a{a abaj$abaj ~ab` mnef|aujab maiad inb`jvb`ab jfivau`a ~ab` |ada |fmfdnjnab efuefma |a}v mfb`ab ~ab` ianbb~a) |fjain{vb dfufja {fubag dfbma{a}jab {fb`aiadab ~ab` |ada3 Da|aiagb~a amaiag jaufba dfufja }nmaj 

15

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

dfbma{a}jab {fb`aiadab ~ab` |ada: dfufja {fubag dfbma{a}jab {fb`aiadab ~ab` |fuv{a maiad efefua{a gai mab efuefma maiad efefua{a gai ianbb~a" \f}na{ abaj dfda|vjn |va}v vbn}#jf|a}vab jfivau`a ~ab` efuefma" Abaj  ~ab` mniagnujab {fu}ada) ~ab` dfuv{ajab abaj |a}v$|a}vb~a |ad{an jfiagnuab abaj ~ab` jfmva) jfdvmnab ajab dfd{vb~an amnj iajn$iajn a}av {fufd{vab mfb`ab |na{a na ma{a} efu}fb`jau" Cuab` }va efuveag mab }nmaj dfd{fuiajvjab |ada |fdva abaj$b~a" Abaj$abaj dfda|vjn jficd{cj |fea~a ~ab` efefma) dvb`jnb dfd{vb~an `vuv ~ab` efuefma mab efuga|ni dfiad{avn {fun|}npa ~ab` efuefma {via" \f{a|ab` abaj jfdeau dfd{vb~an paun|ab 'gfufmn}~. ~ab` nmfb}nj mab 'jflvain enia mn{n|agjab. ifeng lfbmfuvb` dfd{fucifg {fb`aiadab ~ab` |ada" Dfufja efuama maiad |va}v jfivau`a efu|ada$|ada) |funb`jain dfd{vb~an jficd{cj |fea~a ~ab` |ada) mab mn{fuiajvjab jvuab` ifeng |ada cifg cuab` ianb: ajab }f}a{n eagjab abaj jfdeau {vb }nmajaiadn efu|ada |fivuvg {fun|}npa mab {fb`aiadab" Jaufba {fb`aiadab |f}na{ cuab` amaiag vbnj mab }nmaj ama {fu|adaabb~a" [fb`aiadab |fbmnun{vb }nmaj ama ~ab` |flaua |fd{vuba ma{a} dfb~adanb~a" \va}v nbxfb}aun|a|n maun {fb`aiadab |fgaun$gaun efuea`an abaj$abaj maiad |va}v jfivau`a ~ab` |ada ajab dfb`vb`ja{jab eab~ajb~a {fuefmaab" Daja |f}na{ abaj '}fujflvain abaj jfdeau ~ab` nmfb}nj. dfd{vb~an paun|ab encic`n| ~ab` vbnj) ~ab` efbau$efbau }nmaj |fcuab`{vb ma{a} dfg~adanb~a) mab mfdnjnab {via gaib~a |va}v uab`janab {fb`aiadab gnmv{ ~ab` vbnj }nmaj ma{a} efbau$efbau mn|adan cifg {fb`aiadab |na{a{vb" Oamn maiad gvevb`ab nbn mab maiad eab~aj gai ianbb~a |f}na{ {fb`aiadab gnmv{ |f|fcuab` amaiag vbnj" Vbnj maiad {fb`fu}nab }nmaj |fcuab`{vb dfb`aiadn |fuab`janab {fb`aiadab {fb`aiadab |f{fu}n nbn mfb`ab laua ~ab` {fu|n| |ada mab vbnj maiad {fb`fu}nab eagpa }nmaj |fcuab`{vb dfd{vb~an ia}au efiajab` {fb`aiadab ~ab` |ada) |f}na{ {fun|}npa eauv ajab dfbndevijab {fb`auvg ~ab` ajab ma{a} mn{fucifg |va}v dajba"

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L" Lnun$Lnun Jf{funeamnab Nbmnxnmv ~ab` Dfd{fb`auvgn [uc|f| mab Ga|ni Efiaoau 1" Jf{uneamnab [auabcnm

Jf{uneamnab {auabcnm amaiag `ab``vab jf{uneamnab mfb`ab |nha} lvun`a ~ab` dfbcboci" Cuab` ianb |fiaiv mninga} |fea`an a`uf||cu) nb`nb dfuv`njab) nb`nb dfb~ajn}n) nb`nb dfblfiajan) dfdeaga~ajab) mab |fea`anb~a) |fgnb``a na efu|nja{ |fea`an {fdefucb}aj vb}vj dfd{fu}agabjab gau`a mnunb~a" \funb` na dfb`ablad) dfdefucb}aj) dfbciaj) dfdeva} jf}fuab`ab ~ab` }aj da|vj ajai }fb}ab` jf|aiagab$jf|aiagabb~a" \funb` na efu|nja{ a{uncun) dfdxcbn| |f|va}v }ab{a dfiajvjab {fb~finmnjab }fuifeng magviv) }ab{a mvjvb`ab ma}a ~ab` ajvua}) dfifd{aujab }ab``vb` oapae mab jf|aiagabb~a {ama cuab` ianb" [fbmfun}a vdvdb~a mn}nb``aijab }fdab$}fdabb~a mab dfbma{a}jab eab~aj dv|vg" @ab``vab jf{uneamnab {auabcnm mnea`n mva) ~an}v? $

Jf{uneamnab ~ab` dvmag }fu|nb``vb`) efufaj|n }fugama{ {fb`aiadab |fgaun$gaun |flaua efuifengab mfb`ab ua|a dfb~fuag mab ufbmag mnun) |fu}a lfbmfuvb` dfb~aiagjab dfb~aiagjab cuab` ianb }fb}ab` {fb`aiadabb~a n}v"

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Jf{uneamnab ~ab` ifeng a`uf|nh) ja|au) |fu}a |ab`a} {fja }fugama{ a{a ~ab` mnab``a{ gajb~a" Lf{a} }fu|nb``vb enia gajb~a mniab``au mab |ab`a} `n`ng maiad dfd{fu}agabjab gajb~a }fu|fev}"

[fu|adaab jfmva jficd{cj }fu|fev} amaiag |nha} lvun`a ~ab` efuifengab) lf{a} dfua|ajab eagpa |f|va}v n}v }fu}vov {ama mnunb~a mab amab~a bf`a}nh) |fu}a dvmag |fjain }fu|nb``vb`" 5" Jf{uneamnab Ahfj}nh#\njic}nd

Lnun v}ada maun jf{uneamnab |njic}nd amaiag jfamaab {fua|aab mab fdc|nb~a ~ab` efuveag$veag ab}aua mf{uf|n mab fvhcuna" [fbmfun}a dvb`jnb efugaa|ni dfbaunj  eab~aj }fdab jaufba |nha}b~a ~ab` uadag) `fdenua) |fdab`a}) gab`a}) }f}a{n mnjfbai {via |fea`an cuab` ~ab` }aj ma{a} mnuadaijab" Maiad jfamaab mf{uf|n) {fbmfun}a ma{a} dfboamn |ab`a} lfda|) jgapa}nu) {f|ndn|) eagjab bngnin|}nj" <" Jf{uneamnab \jnzcnm

\nha}$|nha} jf{uneamnab nbn amaiag {fdaiv) {fua|a) {fbmnad) |vja dfb~fbmnun) dfb`gnbmaun jcb}aj |c|nai mfb`ab cuab` ianb" Lnun v}adab~a amaiag laua dfb~f|vanjab mnun mab dfd{fu}agabjab mnun mn}fd{vg mfb`ab dfbaunj mnun) dfb`a|nb`jab mnun) mab ov`a |funb` efu{funiajv abfg 'fj|}unb|nj." [fdnjnuabb~a

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av}n|}nj 'gnmv{ maiad mvbnab~a |fbmnun.) dfiadvb efuifengab) mab jf}nmadad{vab dfb~a}ajab ua|a {fudv|vgab" =" Jf{uneamnab Fj|{ic|nh 

Lnun v}ada }n{f nbn amaiag mn{fuinga}jabb~a |nha} }fu}fb}v ~ab` ianb maun {funiajvb~a |fgaun$gaun) ~an}v ifmajab$ifmajab adauag mab a`uf|nxn}a|) |fea`an ufaj|n }fugama{ |}uf| ~ab` mnaiadnb~a 'paiav{vb dvb`jnb |}uf|b~a |ab`a} jflni." \f`fua |f|vmag n}v ena|ab~a na dfb~f|ain d fb~f|ain {fueva}abb~a" {fueva}abb~a" 6" Jf{uneamnab Ababja|}nj

Lnun v}ada }n{f jf{uneamnab nbn amaiag {fuhfj|ncbn|df mab jf}fua}vuab) jajv) {fdaiv) mn|fu}an mfb`ab {fb`apa|ab mnun ~ab` }nb``n" Cuab`b~a }maj jcd{ucdn| |fu}a |ab`a} {a}vg 'eagjab efuifengab. {ama bcua$bcuda) f}nja) mab dcuai" Cuab` mfb`ab jf{uneamnab nbn |funb` }fuiadea} vbv}j dfbnjag) jaufba }vb}v}abb~a }fuiaiv }nb``n mab }ajv}#ua`v$ua`v maiad dfb`adeni jf{v}v|ab" 8" Jf{uneamnab Gn|}funj

Lnun v}ada jf{uneamnab nbn amaiag |cdecb`) f`c|fb}unj) }nmaj |aenib~a fdc|n) |vja dfbaunj {fuga}nab mfb`a ahfj ~ab` iaeni) |funb` efumv|}a mab dfbvbovjjab {|fvmcic`nja hab}a|}nja 'dfblfun}ajab |flaua iva|) }fu{funbln) mab jfinga}ab da|vj  ajai {amagai }ab{a ma|au haj}a a}av ma}a" Na ma{a} dfb~a}ajab {fua|aabb~a |flaua }f{a} mab |funb` mn|fu}an mfb`ab `fuajab eamabnag maiad efujcdvbnja|n" 0" Jf{uneamnab A|}fbnj

Lnun v}adab~a gnmv{ }nmaj efu`anuag) ifda|) if|v) if}ng) ifdag) }aj ama }fba`a |f{aboab` jfgnmv{abb~a" Cuab`b~a }nmaj }agab }fugama{ |}uf| gnmv{ ~ab` bcudai maiad jfgnmv{ab |fgaun$gaun" Xn}ain}a| mab fdc|ncbain}a|b~a |ab`a} |ab`a} ufbmag" ]fuma{a} aevina a}av jvuab` jfdavab mab abgfmcbna 'jvuab` dad{v dfbnjda}n |f|va}v." 7" Jf{uneamnab Ab}n \c|nai

Lnun v}adab~a naiag eagpa {funiajvb~a |fiaiv dfbndevijab jcbhinj mfb`ab cuba` ianb a}av inb`jvb`abb~a" ]nmaj ic~ai {ama jficd{cj mab bcuda$bcuda |c|nai) }nmaj }cifuab }fugama{ jfjflfpaab a}av huv|}a|n) |fiaiv dfb~aiagjab cuba` ianb mfb`ab ua|ncbain|a|n" Na f`c|fb}un|) nmja efu}ab`vb` oapae) nd{vi|nh) a`u|nh) jfeai }fugama{ ua|a |ajn}) mab nmaj dad{v efiaoau maun {fb`aiadab a}av{vb gvjvdab gvjvdab ~ab` mnefunjab"

16

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

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{fbab``vgab mab |nja{ jfua| a`au mn}funda mfb`ab dvuag ga}n a{a ~ab` mngaua{jabb~a mf`ab |ab`a}" ]n{f jf{uneamnab nbn mn}abman mfb`ab |nha} {a|nh mab a`uf|nh" A`uf|nhn}a| ma{a} mnb~a}ajab |flaua {a|nh mfb`ab laua efudvja da|ad) daia|) dfb~aec}) mab jfua| jf{aia" [funiajv nbn dfuv{ajab {fblfudnbab maun ua|a {fudv|vgab ~ab` mnb~a}ajab |flaua }fu}v}v{) a}av ua|a }nmaj {va| }fugama{ |f|fcuab`#|f|va}v ~ab` jf{amab~a na |ab`a} dfb``ab}vb`jab mnunb~a" 1;" Jf{uneamnab Nbamfqva}

Lnun v}ada }n{f nbn amaiag jf}nmajdad{vabb~a |flaua }fuv| dfbfuv| a}av efuviab`$viab` vb}vj dfdfbvgn gaua{ab a}av }vb}v}ab }fdab a}av |fea~ab~a a}av jfbaiabb~a" jfbaiabb~a" Eanj maiad uf|{cb fdc|ncbai) nb}fifj}vai) |c|nai) dav{vb hn|nj" [fbmfu}a |fbmnun }nmaj dfua|ajab |fea`an efefab jaufba mnab``a{b~a paoau mab gauv| mn}funda |fea`andaba amab~a" Cuab` mfb`ab }n{f nbn ena|ab~a ov`a fd{vb~an jfgnmv{ab ~ab` }aj }fu{uc`uad) }nmaj dad{v dfiaj|abajab }v`a|) |fu}a }nmaj dav mn{aj|a vb}vj dfiajvjab |f|va}v"

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\nha} jf{uneamnab ena|a mnvjvu dfiaivn ab`ja ua}a$ua}a {fia{cuab maun '|fih$ uf{cu}. jvf|ncbfu jf{uneamnab 'vb}vj |nha} jgv|v|. a}av {fbfiv|vuab jf{uneamnab |fv}vgb~a '{fu|cbain}~ nbxfb}cu~) |fuab`janab nb|}uvdfb ~ab` dfb~nb`ja{ |fovdiag |nha}." Ama efefua{a dalad laua vb}vj dfb`vjvu a}av dfb~finmnjn jf{uneamnab" Efunjv} nbn amaiag efefua{a mnab}auab~a ? 1" Ce|fuxa|n Mnufl} Ce|fuxa|n mnufj efuefma mfb`ab ce|fuxa|n ena|a" Ce|fuxa|n mnufj dfd{vb~an |a|auab ~ab` jgv|v| ) |fmab`jab ce|fuxa|n ena|a dfb`ada}n |fivuvg }nb`jag iajv |veofj" Ce|fuxa|n mnufj dfdning |n}va|n }fu}fb}v) ~an}v |aa} ma{a} mn{fujnuajab

18

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

dvblvib~a nbmnja}cu maun lnun$lnun ~ab` gfbmaj mn}fin}n) |fmab`jab ce|fuxa|n ena|a dvb`jnb }nmaj dfufblabajab vb}vj dfdning paj}v" Ce|fuxa|n mnufl} mnamajab maiad |n}va|n }fujcb}uci) ma{a} mnviab` a}av ma{a} mneva} uf{inja|nb~a" Dn|aib~a) {ama |aa} efu{nma}c) |nevj efjfuoa) mab |fea`anb~a"Ama |fea`anb~a"Ama }n`a }n{f df}cmf maiad ce|fuxa|n mnufj ~an}v? a" ]ndf \ad{inb` Df}gcm Maiad }ndf |ad{inb` df}gcm) }na{$}na{ |veofj mn|finmnjn {ama {funcmf paj}v }fu}fb}v" Gai ~ab` mnce|fuxa|n dvb`jnb |fjamau dvblvi }nmajb~a uf|{cb|) a}av a|{fj }fu}fb}v" e" Nblnmfb} \ad{inb` Df}gcm

Maiad nblnmfb} |ad{inb` df}gcm) |ad{inb` mn{ning maun efuea`an }nb`jag iajv maiad efuea`an |n}va|n" Ia{cuab ce|fuxa|nb~a dvb`jnb efuv{a la}a}ab$la}a}ab maun Nev }fb}ab` abajb~a) jgv|v| {ama paj}v dfbab`n|) {ama paj}v dc`cj dajab) mab |fe`anb~a" Maiad {fbla}a}ab }fu|fev} gai$ gai ~ab` dfboamn {fuga}nab amaiag }fb}ab` nb}fb|n}a|b~a) iadab~a) ov`a }fb}ab` fhfj$fhfj efunjv} |f}fiag uf|{cb|" l" Df}cmf Evjv Gaunab ]fujcb}uci

Df}cmf nbn mniajvjab mfb`ab laua dfbla}a} maiad evjv gaunab }fb}ab` }nb`jag iajv ~ab` jgv|v| gfbmaj mn|finmnjn cifg ~ab` efu|ab`jv}ab |fbmnun" Dn|aib~a dfb`amajab ce|fuxa|n |fbmnun {ama paj}v |fmab` dauag" \~aua} {fb``vbaab df}cmf nbn) ab}aua ianb) eagpa {fbfin}n amaiag cuab` mfpa|a ~ab` lvjv{ nb}fin`fb mab ifeng oavg ia`n amaiag efbau$efbau ama {fb`aemnab {ama {fujfdeab`ab nidv {fb`f}agvab" 5" Papablaua 'Nb}fuxnfp. Dfbnian jf{uneamnab mfb`ab papablaua 'nb}fuxnfp. efuau}n dfb`amajab }a}a{ dvja mab efuenlaua maun ga}n jf ga}n mfb`ab cuab` ~ab` mnbnian" Maiad {|njcic`n jf{uneamnab) cuab` dvian dfb`fdeab`jab mva ofbn| papablaua) ~ajbn? a" \}uf|| nb}fuxnfp \}uf|| nb}fuxnfp mn`vbajab vb}vj dfb`f}agvn |foavg daba |f|fcuab` ma{a} efu}agab }fugama{ gai$gai ~ab` ma{a} dfb``ab``v fdc|nb~a mab  ov`a vb}vj dfb`f}agvn |fefua{a iada |f|fcuab` ma{a} jfdeain dfb~fndeab`jab

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Nb}fuxnfpfu mn}v`a|jab vb}vj dfb`fuoajab |f|va}v ~ab` dvmag) jfdvmnab mniabov}jab mfb`ab |f|va}v ~ab` ifeng |vjau" e" Fwgav|}nxf Nb}fuxnfp Fwgav|}nxf Nb}fuxnfp dfuv{ajab laua nb}fuxnfp ~ab` efuiab`|vb` |ab`a} iada: mn|fifb``auajb bcb$|}c{" Laua nbn ena|a mn`vbajab vb}vj dfbfin}n {aua }fu|ab`ja mnenmab` jundnbai mab |fea`an {fdfunj|aab }auah jf}n`a" <" ]f| {uc~fj}nh  Laua ianb vb}vj dfb`a}vu a}av dfbnian jf{uneamnab amaiag mfb`ab dfb``vbajab dfb``vbajab }f| {uc~fj}nh" {uc ~fj}nh" Cuab` ~ab` mnbnian ajab dfd{ufmnj|njab mnunb~a dfiaivn `adeau a}av gai$gai ianb ~ab` mniajvjabb~a" ]f| {uc~fj}nh {ama ma|aub~a dfdefun {fivab` jf{ama }f|}ff 'cuab` ~ab` mn}f|. vb}vj  dfdefunjab dajba a}av au}n a}a| gai ~ab` mn|aonjab: }nmaj ama {fdajbaab ~ab` mnab``a{ efbau a}av |aiag" Onja jf{ama |veofj mnefunjab }v`a| ~ab` dfbvbv} {fb``vbaab ndaonba|n) jn}a ma{a} dfb`abain|n| ga|ni hab}a|nb~a vb}vj dfb`vvu laua mna dfua|a mab efu{njnu" Onja dfiajvjab jf`na}ab ~ab` efea|) cuab` lfbmfuvb` dfbvbovjjab mnunb~a) dfdab}vijab '{uc~fj|n. jf{uneamnabb~a vb}vj dfiajvjab }v`a| ~ab` jufa}nh" Ofbn| ~ab` }fuda|vj }f| {uc~fj}nh amaiag? a" ]f| Ucu|lgalg ]f| ~ab` mnjfdeab`jab cifg |fcuab` mj}fu {|njna}unj \pn||) Gfudabb Ucu|lgalg) {ama }agvb 1>5;$ab) }fumnun a}a| |f{vivg jau}v ~ab` da|nb`$ da|nb` dfbad{nijab efulaj }nb}ab ~ab` a`aj jcd{ifj|" \fea`nab efulaj  n}v efupauba: |fea`nab ia`n gn}ad {v}ng" Jau}v$jau}v }fu|fev} mn{fuinga}jab jf{ama dfufja ~ab` dfb`aiadn {fulceaab maiad vuv}ab ~ab` |ada" Dfufja mn}v`a|jab vb}vj dfblfun}ajab gai a{a ~ab` mninga}b~a }fu`adeau maiad bcma$bcma }nb}a n}v" Df|jn{vb bcma$bcma n}v |flaua ceofj}nh |ada ea`n |fdva {f|fu}a) oapaeab ~ab` dfufja efunjab efuefma |a}v |ada ianb" Nbn dfbvbovjjab eagpa dfufja ~ab` dfb`aiadn {fulceaab n}v dfd{uc~fj|njab dfd{uc~fj|njab |f|va}v maiad bcma$bcma n}v" Abain|n| maun |nha} oapaeab ~ab` mnefunjab {f|fu}a n}v dfdefunjab {f}vbovj dfb`fban |v|vbab jf{uneamnabb~a"

17

Ga}}a a}a lc~)

e" ]f| A{fu|f{|n ]fda}nj ']gfda}nl A{{fulf{}ncb ]f|}#]A]. ]f| a{fu|f{|n }fda}nj a}av ]gfda}nl A{{fulf{}ncb ]f|} ']A].) mnjfdeab`jab mn Gauxaum Vbnxfu|n}~ cifg Gfbmu~ Dvuua~ {ama }agvb 1><;$ab" ]A] dfd{fu`vbajab |va}v |fun `adeau$`adeau" \fea`nab amaiag uf{ucmvj|n ivjn|ab$ivjn|ab) |fea`nab ia`n jfinga}ab |fea`an niv|}ua|n evjv a}av daoaiag" [aua {f|fu}a mndnb}a dfb`auab` |fevag lfun}a dfb`fba }na{$}na{ `adeau ~ab` mn{fuinga}jab jf{amab~a" Dfufja mndnb}a dfdeva} |fevag lfun}a dfb`fban ia}au efiajab` maun jfoamnab ~ab` dfb`ga|nijab amf`ab {ama |f}na{ `adeau) dfb`fban {njnuab mab {fua|aab ~ab` mnaiadn cifg cuab`$cuab` mnmaiad `adeau n}v) mab ea`andaba f{n|cmf n}v ajab efuajgnu" Maiad dfb`abain|n| uf|{cb }fugama{ jau}v ]A])

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dfb`vb`ja{jab jfev}vgab) dc}nh) a}av jauaj}fun|}nj laua |f|fcuab` dfiajvjab gvevb`ab ab}au{uneamnb~a" ab}au{uneamnb~a" =" Nbxfb}cun Jf{uneamnab Nbxfb}cun jf{uneamnab amaiag jvf|ncbfu ~ab` dfbmcucb` nbmnxnmv vb}vj  dfia{cujab ufaj|n a}av {fua|aabb~a maiad |n}va|n }fu}fb}v" Jvf|ncbfu nbn dnun{ papablaua }fu|}uvj}vu mab na n a dfbab~ajab {fu}ab~aab ~ab` |ada vb}vj  |f}na{ cuab`) mab oapaeab ena|ab~a mnefunjab maiad efb}vj ~ab` dvmag mnbnian) |funb`jain mfb`ab eab}vab jcd{v}fu" Dfbvuv} A}jnb|cb mab japab$ japab) nbxf|}cun jf{uneamnab dvb`jnb mnuablab` vb}vj dfbnian mndfb|n }vb``ai jf{uneamnab 'dn|aib~a) }nb`ja} jflfda|ab. a}av efefua{a |nha} jf{uneamnab |flaua jf|fivuvgab" Nbxf|}cun jf{uneamnab ~ab` }fujfbai mab eab~aj mn`vbajab vb}vj dfbnian jf{uneamnab |f|fcuab` naiag? 'a. Dnbbf|c}a Dvi}n{ga|nl [fu|cbain}~ Nbxfb}cu~ 'DD[N.) 'e. Uculfm$Lgcnlf Nbxfb}cunf|) mab 'l. Gvdd$Pam|pcu}g ]fd{fuadfb} \laif 'G$P ]fd{fuadfb} \laif." a" Dnbbf|c}a Dvi}n{ga|nl [fu|cbain}~ Nbxfb}cu~ 'DD[N. DD[N }fumnun a}a| jnua$jnua 66; {fub~a}aab }fb}a` |nja{) ufaj|n fdc|ncbai) `foaia hn|nj mab {|njcic`n|) |fu}a {fb`aiadab da|a iaiv" \veofj dfboapae }na{ {fu}ab~aab mfb`ab m fb`ab dfboapae ’efbau—) ’|aiag—) a}av ’}nmaj ma{a} dfb`a}ajab—" [ama {unb|n{b~a) oapaeab dfbma{a} bnian dfbvuv} jf|f|vanabb~a mfb`ab oapaeab ~ab` mnefunjab cifg cuab`$cuab` ~ab` dfdninjn efuea`an dalad da|aiag {|njcic`n" DD[N mnjfdeab`jab

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`vba dfdeab}v jinbn| maiad dfbmna`bc|n| `ab``vab jf{uneamnab" [aua {fuablab` }f| }nmaj dfbfb}vjab |nha} dfb`vjvub~a) }f}a{n dfdefunjab ua}v|b {fu}ab~aab }f| vb}vj dfb`ficd{cjjab nbmnxnmv" ]na{ jficd{cj  mnjf}agvn efuefma maun bcudaib~a dfbvuv} jun}funa }fu}fb}v" Jficd{cj  jun}funa }fumnun a}a| nbmnxnmv ~ab` }fiag mnuapa} mfb`ab mna`bc|n| `ab``vab {auabcnm" Jficd{cj jcb}uci }fumnun a}a| cuab` ~ab` efivd {fubag mnmna`bc|n| dfbmfun}a da|aiag {|njna}unj) }f}a{n dnun{ mfb`b jficd{cj jun}funa maiag gai v|na) ofbn| jfiadnb) |}a}v| |c|ncfjcbcdn) mab xaunaefi {fb}nb` ianb" e" Uculfm$Lgcnlf Nbxfb}cunf| Uculfm$Lgcnlf Nbxfb}cunf| a}av Nbxfb}cun [ningab$[aj|a }fuda|vj  jia|nhnja|n }f| ~ab` xcivb}fu" \va}v }f| mnja}ajab xcivb}fu enia |veofj  ma{a} dfdning {ningab ~ab` ifeng mn|vjan) mab }agv eagpa |fdva {ningab n}v efbau) }nmaj ama ~ab` |aiag 'Dvgamonu)1>>5." \veofj) maiad gai nbn) mndnb}a dfdning {ningab ~ab` ifeng mn|vjan) ifeng |f|van) ifeng lclcj  mfb`ab dnba}b~a) |nja{b~a) a}av {abmab`ab gnmv{b~a" l" Gvdd$Pam|pcu}g ]fd{fuadfb} ]fd{fuadfb} \laif 'G$P ]fd{fuadfb} \laif. G$P ]fd{fuadfb} \laif mnjfdeab`jab maun }fcun jf{uneamnab Uc|abchh  'Dvgamonu) 1>>5." Dfbvuv} }fcun nbn) jf{uneamnab dfdninjn fbad jcd{cbfb) ~ab` ifeng eab~aj efu}ciaj maun jfua`adab aebcdai) ~an}v? 1. \lgnzcnm Av}n|}nj) dfd{vb~an }fbmfb|n }aj jcb|n|}fb) efu{njnub~a ifeng dfb`auag {ama jga~aiab" 5. \lgnzcnm [auabcnm) dfd{vb~an }fbmfb|n }aj jcb|n|}fb) mfb`ab ab`ab eagpa mnunb~a {fb}nb`" <. L~licnm Dabnj) fdc|nb~a }nmaj |}aeni mfb`ab |fdab`a} efujceau" =. L~licnm Mf{uf||) fdc|nb~a }aj |}aeni mfb`ab uf}auma|n mab {f|ndn|df" 6. G~|}fucnm) jf}vbaab pa}aj efuea}a|ab mfb`ab }fbmfb|n jundnbai" 8. F{nif{}cnm) mfb`ab ab}v|na|df mab a|{nua|n ~ab` efu`fuaj }fuv|"

F" [fuab @vuv maiad {uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau

[uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau dfuv{ajab nb}n maun {uc|f| {fbmnmnjab |flaua jf|fivuvgab mfb`ab `vuv |fea`an {fdf`ab` {fuabab v}ada" Jaufba [uc|f| efiaoau$ dfb`aoau dfb`abmvb` |fuab`janab {fueva}ab {fbmnmnj#`vuv mab |n|pa a}a| ma|au

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gvevb`ab }ndeai eainj ~ab` efuiab`|vb` maiad |n}va|n fmvja}nh vb}vj dfbla{an }vovab }fu}fb}v" Nb}fuaj|n a}av gvevb`ab }ndeai eainj ab}aua `vuv mab |n|pa n}v dfuv{ajab |~aua} v}ada ea`n efuiab`|vb`b~a {uc|f| efiaoau$dfb`aoau" Nb}fuaj|n maiad {fun|}npa efiaoau$dfb`aoau nbn dfdninjn au}n ~ab` ifeng iva|) }nmaj |fjfmau gvevb`ab ab}aua `vuv mfb`ab |n|pa) }f}a{n efuv{a nb}fuaj|n fmvja}nh" Maiad gai nbn evjab gab~a {fb~ad{anab {f|ab efuv{a da}fun {fiaoauab) dfianbjab dfbabadjab |nja{ mab bnian {ama mnun |n|pa ~ab` |fmab` efiaoau" [fuab `vuv maiad {uc|f| efiaoau$dfb`aoau ) `vuv }nmaj gab~a }ad{ni ia`n |fea`an {fb`aoau '}falgfu.) |f{fu}n hvb`|nb~a ~ab` dfbcboci |fiada nbn) dfianbjab efuaing |fea`an {fia}ng 'lcalg.) {fdendenb` 'lcvb|ficu. mab daba`fu efiaoau 'ifaubnb` daba`fu." Gai nbn |vmag |f|van mfb`ab hvb`|n maun {fuab `vuv da|a mf{ab"

Mn daba |fea`an {fia}ng) |fcuab` `vuv ajab efu{fuab dfbmcucb` |n|pab~a vb}vj  dfb`va|an aia} efiaoau) dfdc}nxa|n |n|pa vb}vj efjfuoa jfua| mab dfbla{an {uf|}a|n |f}nb``n$}nb``nb~a" Jfgamnuab `vuv maiad {uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau a}av {fb`aoauab) da|ng }f}a{ dfdf`ab` {fuabab {fb}nb`" [fuabab `vuv maiad {uc|f| {fb`aoauab efivd ma{a} mn`ab}njab cifg df|nb) uamnc) }a{f uflcumfu a}av{vb cifg jcd{v}fu ~ab` {ainb` dcmfub |fjain{vb" Da|ng }fuiaiv eab~aj vb|vu$vb|vu dabv|napn |f{fu}n |nja{) |n|}fd) bnian) {fua|aab) dc}nxa|n) jfena|aab mab Nanb$ianb ~ab` mngaua{jab dfuv{ajab ga|ni maun {uc|f| {fb`aoauab) }nmaj ma{a} mnla{an dfiaivn aia}$aia} }fu|fev}" Mn |nbniag jfifengab dabv|na maiad gai nbn `vuv maun aia}$aia} a}av }fjbcic`n ~ab` mnln{}ajab dabv|na vb}vj dfdeab}v mab dfd{fudvmag jfgnmv{abb~a" Mfb`ab mfdnjnab maiad |n|}fd {fb`aoauab daba {vb) `vuv |fiaiv dfboamn ea`nab ~ab` }nmaj }fu{n|agjab) gab~a {fuab ~ab` mndanbjabb~a ajab efuefma |f|van mfb`ab }vb}v}ab |n|}fd }fu|fev}" Maiad {fb`aoauab a}av {uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau `vuv dfdf`ab` {fuab |fea`an |v}uamaua |fjain`v| aj}cu" Au}nb~a) {ama `vuviag }v`a| mab }ab``vb` oapae dfufblabajab mab dfiaj|abajab {fb`aoauab mn |fjciag" \fea`andaba }fiag mn vb`ja{jab mna}a|) eagpa {fuab |fcuab` `vuv |ab`a}iag |n`bnhnjab maiad {uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau" [fuab `vuv maiad {uc|f| efiaoau dfb`aoau dfin{v}n eab~aj gai |f{fu}n |fea`an {fb`aoau) dabaofu jfia|) |v{fuxn|cu) dc}nxa}cu) jcb|vifu) fj|{icua}cu) m|e" ^ab` ajab mnjfdvjajab mn|nbn amaiag {fuab ~ab` mnab``a{

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51

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1" @vuv |fea`an mfdcb|}ua}cu

Dfiaivn {fuababb~a |fea`an mfdcb|}ua}cu) ifl}vufu) a}av {fb`aoau) `vuv gfbmajb~a |fbab}na|a |fbab}na|a dfb`va|an eagab a}av da}fun {fiaoauab ~ab` ajab mnaoaujabb~a |fu}a |fbab}na|a dfb`fdeab`jabb~a maiad au}n dfbnb`ja}jab jfdad{vabb~a jfdad{vabb~a maiad gai nidv ~ab` mndninjnb~a jaufba gai nbn ajab |ab`a} dfbf}vjab ga|ni efiaoau ~ab` mnla{an cifg |n|pa" \aiag |a}v gai ~ab` gauv| mn{fuga}njab cifg `vuv naiag eagpa na |fbmnun amaiag {fiaoau" Nbn efuau}n eagpa `vuv gauv| efiaoau }fuv|$dfbfuv|" Mfb`ab laua mfdnjnab na ajab dfd{fuja~a mnunb~a mfb`ab efuea`an nidv {fb`f}agvab |fea`an efjai maiad dfiaj|abajab }v`a|b~a |fea`an mfdcb|}ua}cu |fgnb``a dad{v dfd{fua`ajab a{a ~ab` mnaoaujabb~a |flaua mnmaj}n|" Daj|vmb~a naiag a`au a{a ~ab` mn|ad{anjabb~a mn|ad{anjabb~a n}v ef}vi$ef}vi mndninjn cifg abaj mnmnj" 5" @vuv \fea`an [fb`ficia Jfia|

Dfb`aoau mfb`ab |vj|f| efuau}n gauv| ama jf}fuinea}ab |n|pa |flaua aj}nh  vb}vj efiaoau" Jfmvab~a efuoaiab |fnunb`) }nmaj ama ~ab` dfbmagvivn ab}aua dfb`aoau mab efiaoau jaufba da|nb`$da|nb` dfdninjn {fuab ~ab` dfdefunjab {fb`auvg |a}v mfb`ab ~ab` ianbb~a" ianbb~a" Jfefuga|niab#jf|vj|f|ab Jfefuga|niab#jf|vj|f|ab `vuv dfb`aoau mn}fb}vjab cifg aj}nxn}a| |n|pa maiad efiaoau) mfdnjnab ov`a jfefuga|niab |n|pa maiad efiaoau mn}fb}vjab {via cifg {fuab `vuv maiad dfb`aoau" Dfb`aoau efuau}n dfb~ad{anjab a}av dfbviaujab {fb`f}agvab mab {abmab`ab 'Am" Uccnoajjfu|) 1>>;?1." Pniinad Evu}cb dfb`fdvjajab eagpa dfb`aoau mnau}njab v{a~a dfdefunjab |}ndviv|) endenb`ab) {fb`auagab) mab mcucb`ab jf{ama |n|pa a`au }fuoamn {uc|f| efiaoau" Maiad gai nbn {fuabab `vuv |ab`a} {fb}nb` maiad dfb`ficia jfia| a`au }fuoamn [ED ena| efuoaiab mfb`ab eanj" Dfb`aoau amaiag aj}nxn}a|#jf`na}ab ~ab` mniajvjab `vuv maiad jfia| a}av inb`jvb`ab |fjciag" Maiad {uc|f| dfb`aoau) {a|}niag ama }vovab ~ab` gfbmaj mnla{an cifg `vuv ~an}v a`au |n|pa dfdagadn) dfb`fu}n) mab ma{a} dfb`a{inja|njab nidv ~ab`

dfufja ma{a}jab" ma{a}jab" ]vovab dfb`aoau ov`a ov`a mnau}njab |fea`an laua vb}vj 

dfb`amajab {fuveagab ~ab` mnjfgfbmajn maiad }nb`jag iajv |fcuab` |n|pa 'Dvlg}au ( \ad|v) 5;;1?<>." Maiad gai nbn }fb}v |aoa `vuv efugaua{ |n|pa dav efiaoau) eanj maiad oad {fiaoauab }fu|fev} a}av |f|vmag da}fun maun `vuv na }funda" D fbvuv} \a`aia '5;;
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55

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efuiab`|vb` mfb`ab eanj onja `vuv mab |n|pa |ada$|ada dfb`fu}n eagab a{a ~ab` ajab mn{fiaoaun |fgnb``a }fuoamn |va}v nb}fuaj|n ~ab` aj}nh maiad [ED mn jfia| mab gai nbn dfboamn jvbln jf|vj|f|ab maiad dfb`aoau" Mfb`ab mfdnjnab {uc|f| {fdefiaoauab }fuoamn maiad mnun |n|pa" [fdefiaoauab [fdefiaoauab dfuv{ajab |va}v {uc|f| {uc|f| mn daba inb`jvb`ab |f|fcuab` |flaua mn|fb`aoa mnjficia vb}vj dfdvb`jnbjab |n|pa }vuv} dfuf|{cb |n}va|n |n}va|n }fu}fb}v ~ab` na gama{n gama{n 'Lcuf~) 1>78?1>6." 1>78?1>6." <" @vuv |fea`an dfmna}cu mab ha|nin}a}cu

\fea`an dfmna}cu `vuv gfbmajb~a dfdninjn {fb`f}agvab mab {fdagadab ~ab` lvjv{ }fb}ab` dfmna {fbmnmnjab jaufba dfmna {fbmnmnjab dfuv{ajab aia} jcdvbnja|n `vba ifeng dfb`fhfj}nhjab {uc|f| efiaoau$dfb`aoau" Mfb`ab mfdnjnab  ofia|iag eagpa dfmna {fbmnmnjab dfuv{ajab ma|au ~ab` |ab`a} mn{fuivjab ~ab` efu|nha} dfifb`ja{n mab dfuv{ajab ea`nab nb}f`uai mfdn efuga|nib~a {uc|f| {fbmnmnjab" \fea`an

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Maiad mvbna {fbmnmnjab) |f}na{ ofbn| {fbmnmnjab a}av efb}vj {fbmnmnjab {ama paj}v$paj}v }fu}fb}v |fiada |a}v {funcmf {fbmnmnjab ajab mnamajab fxaiva|n) au}nb~a {ama paj}v$paj}v }fu}fb}v |fiada |a}v {funcmf {fbmnmnjab }amn cuab` |fiaiv dfb`amajab {fbnianab }fugama{ ga|ni ~ab` }fiag mnla{an) eanj cifg {ngaj }fumnmnj  dav{vb cifg {fbmnmnj" [fbnianab {fuiv mniajvjab) jaufba mfb`ab {fbnianab `vuv ma{a} dfb`f}agvn jfefuga|niab {fbla{anab }vovab) {fb`va|aab |n|pa }fugama{ {fiaoauab) |fu}a jf}f{a}ab a}av jffhfj}nhab df}cmf dfb`aoau" \fea`an nbmnxnmv ~ab` efujflnd{vb` maiad {fbmnmnjab) `vuv gauv| dfdninjn jf{uneamnab ~ab` dfblfudnbjab |fcuab` {fbmnmnj" ]vb}v}ab ajab jf{uneamnab |fea`an {fbmnmnj jamab`$jamab` mnua|ajab ifeng efua} mneabmnb` {uchf|n ianbb~a" Jaufba ama vb`ja{ab ~ab` |funb` mnja}ajab ’`vuv mn`v`v mab mn}nuv—"  Mn`v`v daj|vmb~a eagpa {f|ab${f|ab ~ab` mn|ad{anjab `vuv en|a mn{fula~a vb}vj  mniaj|abajab mniaj|abajab mab {cia gnmv{b~a en|a mn}nuv a}av mn}fiamabn"1Z1T 1Z1TF" Dvi~a|a) Dfboamn @vuv [uchf|ncbai:Dfbln{}ajab [fdefiaoauab Jufa}nh mab  Dfb~fbab`jab) 'Eabmvb`? Ufdaoa Uc|majau~a) 5;;7.) Lf}" jf$0) g" =7

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Jaufba n}v) gai ~ab` {ainb` v}ada mniajvjab `vuv maiad v|aga dfdefb}vj  jf{uneamnab dvunmb~a dfboamn {uneamn ~ab` dvina) }fuifeng magviv |fcuab` `vuv gauv| dad{v dfboamnjab mnunb~a |fcuab` ~ab` {a}v} mn}nuv" Oab`ab |ad{an |fcuab` `vuv gab~a en|a dfdefunjab lcb}cg jfeanjab) badvb mna |fbmnun }nmaj en|a dfboamn lcb}cg maun jfeanjab n}v" Aiiag \p}" |ab`a} dfiajba} cuab`$cuab` ~ab` gab~a {abman dfdefunjab ba|fga}$ba|fga} jfeanjab }f}a{n mna |fbmnun dfb`aeanjabb~a) gai nbn |f{fu}n ~ab` mnofia|jab mn maiad hnudab$B~a?

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56

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58

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MAH]AU [V\]AJA

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50