HKH G ^D@MKBTJTK@
K. Jktkr Hdjkck`a
Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgcue kmkjkb skjkb sktu coepjgcksg edtkhojgc kcut pkmk mgkhdtds edjjgtus md`ak` pdrlkjk`k` cjg`gs yk`a hdrkt mkjke k`ack cdektgk` yk`a eksgb fucup tg`aag. Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgcue mkpkt mgtdeuck` hkgc pkmk edrdck md`ak` mgkhdtds edjgtus tgpd ; mk` tgpd 8. ]dtkpg ]dt kpg jdhgb sdrg`a pkmk mgkhdtds edjgtus tgpd ;. Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc mgsdhkhck` ojdb pd`uru`k` ckmkr g`sujg` didctgi mgsgrcujksg
yk`a
tdrckgt
md`ak`
pd`g`acktk`
sdluejkb
boreo`
sdpdrtg
ajuckao`, cktdcojkeg`, cortgsoj, mk` arowtb boreo`d. Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc (CKM) edrupkck` pd`ydhkh utkek eorhgmgtks mk` eortkjgtks pkmk k`kc md`a`k Mgkhdtds Edjgtus tgpd ; (GMME). Eortkjgtks tdrutkek hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` dmdek sdrdhrg yk`a tdrlkmg sdcgtkr 41% - 21% mkrg sdjurub cdektgk` kcghkt CKM. Xdsgco CKM pkmk GMME kmkjkb ;-;>% pdr pksgd` pdr tkbu`. Xgsgco ed`g`ackt md`ak` co`troj edtkhojgc yk`a ldjdc ktku sdhdjue`yk pdr`kb ed`akjkeg dpgsomd CKM. K`ack cdektgk` cdtoksgmosgs ed`lkmg jdhgb tg`aag pkmk hdhdrkpk cdkmkk` yk`a ed`ydrtkg, sdpdrtg < sdpsgs, syoc yk`a hdrkt, g`ikrc egockrm kcut yk`a juks, pksgd` usgk jk`lut, ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb yk`a tg`aag, urdegk, urd egk, ckmkr cdkskek` mkrkb yk`a rd`mkb. Adlkjk yk`a pkjg`a ed`o`loj pkmk cdtoksgmosgs kmkjkb bgpdrajgcdegk mk` cdtosgs. Bgpdrajgcdegk mkjke tuhub kck` ed`ydhkhck` pojgurg mk` pojgmgpsg. Vdmk`ack` cdtosgs ed`ydhkhck` hd`mk-hd`mk cdto` hdrtuepuc mkjke tuhub, pkmk sgstde rdspgrksg hd`mk cdto` ed`lkmg rdsgco tdrlkmg`yk t drlkmg`yk akakj `kiks. Ojdb
sdhkh
gtu
pd`k`ak`k`
cdtoksgmosgs
bkrus
fdpkt,
tdpkt
mk`
tk`aakp. Ed`ag`akt eksgb sdmgcgt`yk pdekbkek` ed`ad`kg cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc mk` prosdmur ktku co`sd`sus yk`a tdrus hdrcdehk`a mkjke pd`ktkjkcsk`kk` cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc. Ekck, pdrju kmk`yk pdehkbksk` ed`ad`kg hkakgek`k edtomd tktkjkcsk`k tdrcg`g mkjke ed`k`ak`g cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc.
H. Xueusk` Ekskjkb
;. Kpkckb pd`adrtgk` mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? 8. Kpk sklk dtgojoag mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? 6. Kpk sklk ek`gidstksg cjg`gs mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? =. Hkakgek`k pktoigsgojoag mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ?
;
8
4. Kpk sklk pdedrgcskk` pd`u`lk`a mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Cdtoks gmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? 9. Kpk sklk mgka`osgs hk`mg`a mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? 1. Kpk sklk coepjgcksg mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? 2. Hkakgek`k pd`ktkjkcsk`kk` mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue ? 7. Hkakgek`k kscdp pkmk cjgd` md`ak` Cdto Ksgmosgs ?
F. ]uluk`
;. ]uluk` Teue Kmkpu` tuluk` ueue mkrg pd`ujgsk` g`g kmkjkb kakr ekbksgswk ekepu ed`drkpkck` ksubk` cdpdrkwktk` pkmk pksgd` pd`mdrgtk Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue. 8. ]uluk` Cbusus Kmkpu` tuluk` cbusus mkjke pd`ujgsk` g`g kmkjkb sdhkakg hdrgcut < k. T`tuc ed`adtkbug td`tk`a Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue h. T`tuc ed`adtkbug dtgojoag mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue f. T`tuc ed`adtkbug ek`gidstksg cjg`gs mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Cdtoks gmosgs Mgkhdtgcue m. T`tuc ed`adtkbug pktoigsgojoag mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue d. T`tuc ed`adtkbug pdedrgcskk` pd`u`lk`a mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue i.
T`tuc ed`adtkbug mgka`osgs mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue
a. T`tuc ed`adtkbug coepjgcksg mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue b. T`tuc ed`adtkbug pd`ktkjkcsk`kk` mkrg Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue g.
T`tuc ed`adtkbug kscdp pkmk cjgd` md`ak` Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue
HKH GG JK^OXK@ ^D@MKBTJTK@ CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM)
K. ^D@ADX]GK@ CD]OKVGMOVGV ^D@ADX]GK@ CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc (CKM) kmkjkb cdkmkk` mdcoepd`sksg edtkhojgc yk`a mgtk`mkg ojdb bgpdrajgcdegk, ksgmosgs mk` cdtosgs, tdrutkek mgsdhkhck` ojdb mdigsgd`sg g`sujg` khsojut ktku rdjktgi. CKM mk` bgpoajgcdegk edrupkck` coepjgcksg kcut mgkhdtds edjgtus yk`a sdrgus mk` edehutubck` pd`adjojkk` akwkt mkrurkt. Kcghkt mgurdsgs oseotgc, CKM hgksk`yk ed`akjkeg mdbgmrksg hdrkt mk` hkbck` mkpkt skepkg ed`ydhkhck` syoc. Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc (CKM) edrupkck` coepjgcksg kcut mgkhdtds edjgtus yk`a mgtk`mkg md`ak` mdbgmrksg, cdbgjk`ak` djdctrojgt mk` ksgmosgs. Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc edrupkck` edrupkck`
kcghkt mkrg mdigsgd`sg mdigsgd`sg hdrkt g`sujg` mk` mgsdrtkg ak`aauk`
edtkhojgsed protdg`, ckrhobgmrkt mk` jdekc. Cdkmkk` g`g edrupkck` ak`aauk` edtkhojgsed yk`a pkjg`a sdrgus pkmk mgkhdtds cdtdrak`tu`ak` g`sujg`. CKM kmkjkb cdkmkk` yk` a mgtk`mkg md`ak` md `ak` ksgmosgs ks gmosgs edt khojgc kcghkt pdehd`tuck` cdto` yk`a hdrjdhgbk`, sdmk`ac k` VBB mgtk`mkg md`ak` bgpdros eojkjgtks hdrkt md`ak` ckmkr ajucosk sdrue yk`a hgksk`yk jdhgb jdhgb tg`aag mkrg CKM eur`g (Kedrgfk` Mgkhdtds Kssofgktgo`, 8>>=) Cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgcue kmkjkb edrupkck` trgks mkrg bgpdrajgcdegk, ksgmosgs, mk` cdtosgs yk`a tdrjgbkt tdrutkek pkmk pksgd` md`ak` mgkhdtds tgpd-;. (Vkegldk` @ormekrc, 8>>2) Vkjkb sktu skt u cd`mkjk mkjke jkpork` ed`ad`kg g`sgmd`sg, dpgmd egojoag mk` k`ack cdektgk` CKM kmkjkb hdjue mgtdeuck``yk cdsdpkcktk` td`tk`a mdig`gsg CKM.Vg`mroek g`g ed`ak`mu`a trgkm yk`a tdrmgrg mkrg bgpdrajgcdegk, cdtosgs mk` ksg mdegk. Co`sd`sus mgk`tkrk pkrk kbjg mghgmk`a m ghgmk`a g `g ed`ad`kg crgtdrgk cr gtdrgk mgka`ost gc u`tuc CKM kmkjkb pB krtdrgkj kr tdrgkj : 1,6, ckmkr hgckrho`kt : ;4 eDq/J, m k` ckmkr
ajufosk
mkrkb
0
84>
e a/mJ
mgsdrtkg
cdto`degk
mk`
cdto`urgk
eomdrktd(Cgtkhfbg mcc, ;77=). Mgkhdtgf Cdto Kfgmosgs (MCK) kmkjkb coepjgcksg kcut yk`a ed`ak`fke lgwk sdork`a pd`mdrgtk mgkhdtds edjjgtus yk`a tgmkc tdrco`troj. Co`mgsg cdbgjk`ak` urg`, kgr, ckjgue, keo`gue, mk` `ktrgue ed`ydhkhck` bgpovojdegk, cdtgmkcsdgehk`ak`
6
=
djdctrojgt, ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb sk`akt tg`aag, mk` pdedfkbk` kske jdekc hdhks ed`ydhkhck` ksgmosgs mk` sdrg`a mgsdrtkg coek.
H. D]GOJOAG CD]OKVGMOVGV CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) Kmk sdcgtkr 8>% pksgd` CKM yk`a hkru mgcdtkbug ed`mdrgtk ME u`tuc pdrtkek ckjg. ^kmk pksgd` yk`a sumkb mgcdtkbug ME sdhdjue`yk, 2>% mkpkt mgcd`kjg kmk`yk ikctor pd`fdtus. Ed`aktksg ikctor pd`fdtus g`g pd`tg`a mkjke pd`aohktk` mk` pd`fdakbk` cdtoksgmosgs hdrujk`a. ]gmkc kmk`yk g`sujg` ktku tgmkc fucup`yk luejkb g`sujg` yk`a yk`a `yktk, yk`a yk`a mkpkt mgsdhkhck` mgsdhkhck` ojdb < ;. G`sujg` tgmkc mghdrgck` ktku mghdrgck` md`ak` mosgs yk`a mgcurk`ag 8.
Cdkmkk` skcgt ktku g`idcsg
6. Ek`gidstksg pdrtkek pkmk pd`ykcgt mgkhdtds yk`a tgmkc tdrmgka`osgs mk` tgmkc mgohktg Hdhdrkpk pd`ydhkh tdrlkmg`yk CKM kmkjkb< k.
G`idcsg < p`dueo`gk, g`idcsg trkctus urg`krgus, mk` sdpsgs. mgcdtkbug hkbwk luejkb sdj mkrkb putgb eu`acg` ed`g`ackt tk`pk g`mgcksg yk`a ed`mkskrg g`idcsg.
h. Cdtgmkcpktubk`< ckrd`k cdtgmkcpktubk` mkjke mosgs f. ^d`aohktk`< o`sdt hkru mgkhdtds ktku mosgs g`sujg` tgmkc kmdcukt m. Ckrmgovkscujdr < g`ikrc egockrmgue d. ^d`ydhkh
jkg`
<
bgpdrtgrogmgsed,
pk`crdktgtgs,
cdbkegjk`,
pd`aohktk`
cortgcostdrogm k`m kmrd`dragc. (Vkegldk` @ormekrc,8>>2) Crgsgs bgpdrajgcdegk pkmk mgkhdtds tgpd t gpd 8
hgksk`yk tdrlkmg ckrd`k kmk
cdkmkk` yk`a ed`fdtusck``yk. ed`fdtusck``yk. Ikctor pd`fdtus crgsgs bgpdrajgcdegk bgpdrajgcdegk g`g k`tkrk jkg` < ;. G`idcsg < edjgputg edjgputg 8> ‖ 44% 44% mkrg cksus crgsgs bgpdrajgcdegk mgfdtusck` ojdb G`idcsg. G`idcsg`yk mkpkt hdrupk < ^`dueo`gk, G`idcsg trkctus urg`krgus, Khsds, Vdpsgs, Jkg`-jkg`. 8. ^d`ykcgt vkscujkr kcut< ^d`ykcgt sdrdhrovkscujdr, G`ikrc egockrm kcut, Dehojg pkru, ]broehosgs Y.Edsd`tdrgck Y.Edsd`tdrgck 6. ]rkuek, juck hkckr, bdektoe suhmurkj. =. Bdkt strocd 4. Cdjkg`k` akstrog`tdstg`kj< ^k`crdktgtgs kcut, Cbojdsgstgtgs kcut, Ohstrucsg g`tdstg`kj 9. Ohkt-ohktk` < Mgurdtgck, Vtdrogm, Jkg`-jkg`
4
^kmk mgkhdtds t gpd ;, crgsgs
b gpdrajgcdegk sdrg`a tdrlkmg t drlkmg ckrd`k yk`a
hdrsk`acutk` ed`abd`tgck` su`tgck` g`sujg` ktkupu` pd`aohktk``yk tgmkc km dcukt. Cdkmkk` g`g tdrlkmg pkmk 8>-=>% cksus CKM. ^kmk pksgd` eumk md`ak` ME
tgpd ;, pdrekskjkbk` psgcojoag yk`a mgpdruegt md`ak` ak`aauk` ekck`
hdrpdrk` sdhdskr 8>% mk rg sdjurub ikctor yk`a ed`fdtusck` cdtoksgmosgs. Ikctor yk`a hgsk ed`moro`a pd`abd` tgk` su`tgck` g`sujg` pkmk pksgd` eumk edjgputg edjgput g cdtkcutk` kck` `kgc`yk hdrkt hkmk` pkmk cdkmkk` co`troj edtkhojgsed yk`a hkgc, cdtkcut k` kck` lktub mkjke bypoajgcde bypoajgcde gk, pdehdro`tkck` tdrbkmkp otorgtks, mk` strds kcghkt pd`ykcgt cro`gs (Akajgk mcc, 8>>=)
F. ]K@MK MK@ ADLKJK CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) Adlkjk cjg`gs hgksk`yk hdrjk`asu`a fdpkt mkjke wkctu curk`a mkrg 8= lke. ^ojgurg, pojgmgpsg mk` pd`uru`k` hdrkt hkmk` yk`a `yktk hgksk`yk tdrlkmg hdhdrkpk bkrg ed`ldjk`a CKM, mk` sdrg`a mgsdrtkg eukj-eu`tkb mk` `ydrg pdrut. @ydrg pdrut sdrg`a mgskjkb-krtgck` sdhkakg 'kcut khmoed`'. Ksgmosgs edtkhojgc mgmuak ed`lkmg pd`ydhkh utkek adlkjk `ydrg khmoed`, adlkjk g`g kck` ed`abgjk`a md`ak` sd`mgrg`yk sdtdjkb ksgmosgs`yk tdrktksg. Vdrg`a mgluepkg pd`uru`k` cdskmkrk`, hkbck` coek (;>% cksus), mdbgmrksg mk` syoc bgpovojdegk (cujgt/eucosk cdrg`a mk` pd`uru`k` turaor, bgpotd`sg mk` tkcgckrmg). ]k`mk jkg` kmkjkb `kpks fdpkt mk` mkjke (Cussekuj) yk`a edrupkck` coepd`sksg bgpdrvd`tgjksg kcghkt ksgmosgs edtkhojgc, mgsdrtkg hku ksdto ` pkmk `kpks`yk. ;. Vdcgtkr 2>% pksgd` ME ( coepjgcksg kcut ) 8. ^dr`kiksk` fdpkt mk` mkjke ( Cussekuj ) 6. Mdbgmrksg ( tdck`k` turaor cujgt ed`uru`, jgmkb mk` hghgr cdrg`a ) =. Ckmk`a-ckmk`a bgpovojdeg mk` syoc 4. Hku ksdto` mk` bkwk `kpks tgmkc tdrjkju tdrfgue 9. Mgmkbujug ojdb pojgurgk, pojgmgpsg 1. Xgwkykt hdrbd`tg ed`yu`tgc g`sujg` 2. Mdeke, g`idcsg, eu`tkb, mk` `ydrg pdrut (Mr. EBM. Vykbputrk. Mgkhdtgf cdtosgmosgs)
D. ^K]OIGVGOJOAG CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) Cdtoksgmogs tdrlkmg hgjk tuhub sk`akt cdcurk`ak` g`sujg`. Ckrd`k mgpkckg`yk lkrg`ak` jdekc u`tuc eded`ubg cdhutubk` d`drag, ekck kck` tdrhd`tuc cdto`. Hgjk
9
bkj g`g mghgkrck` tdrkcueujksg, mkrkb kck` ed`lkmg kske sdbg`aak lkrg`ak` tuhub kck` ruskc mk` hgsk ed`mdrgtk coek. Bkj g`g hgksk`yk tdrlkmg ckrd`k tgmkc edektubg pdrd`fk`kk` ekck`, ed`abd`tgck` sd`mgrg su`tgck` g`sujg`, g`su jg`, tgmkc t gmkc tkbu tk bu hkbwk mgrg`yk skcgt mgkhdtds edjjgtus, ed`mkpkt g`idcsg ktku pd`ykcgt hdrkt jkg``yk sdpdrtg cdektgk` otot lk`tu`a, strocd, mk` sdhkakg`yk. Ikctor ikctor pdegfu yk`a pkjg`a ueue mkjke pdrcdehk`ak` cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc (CKM) kmkjkb g`idcsg, g`ikrc egockrmgkj, trkuek, ktkupu` cdbgjk`ak` g`sujg`. Vdeuk ak`aauk` ak`aauk` edtkhojgc yk`a mgtdeuck` pkmk cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc (CKM) kmkjkb tdraojo`a co`sdcud`sg jk`asu`a ktku tgmkc jk`asu`a mkrg cdcurk`ak` g`sujg`. Ed`uru``yk trk`sport ajucosk cdmkjke lkrg`ak` lkrg`ak` tuhub kck` ed`gehujck` bgpdrajgcdegk yk`a ed`g`acktck` ajucosurgk. Ed`g`ackt`yk jgpojgsgs kck` ed`ydhkhck` cdjdhgbk` promucsg kske kske jdekc, yk`a sdhkagk` mgk`tkrk`yk kck` mgco`vdrsg (mguhkb) ed`lkmg cdto`, ed`gehujck` cdto`kdegk, ksgmosgs edtkhojgc mk` cdto`urgk. Ajgcosurgk kck` ed`ydhkhck` mgurdsgs oseotgc, yk`a ed`gehujck` cdbgjk`ak` kgr mk` djdctrojgt sdpdrtg somgue, potkssgue, ckjsgue, eka`dsgue, iosikt mk` cjorgmk. cjorgmk. Mdbgmrsg tdrlkmg hgjk tdrlkmg sdfkrk bdhkt, kck` ed`gehujck` ed`gehujck` urdegk prk rd`kj mk` mkpkt ed`gehujck` syoc bgpovojdegc. Ksgmomgs edtkhojgc yk`a bdhkt sdhkagk` kck` mgcoepd`sksg ojdb pd`g`acktk` mdrklkm vd`tgjksg (pdrk`iksk` Cussekuj). Eu`tkb-eu`tkb luak hgksk`yk sdrg`a tdrlkmg mk` kck` edepdrfdpkt cdbgjk`ak` kgr mk` djdctrojgt. Vdbg`aak, pdrcdehk`ak` CKM kmkjkb edrupkck` rk`ackgk` mkrg sgcjus g`tdrjofcg`a vgfgous yk`a sdjurub`yk bkrus mgputusck` u`tuc edehk`tu pdeujgbk` edtkhojgsed ckrhobgmrkt mk` jgpgm `orekj. Kpkhgjk luejkb g`sujg` hdrcurk`a, luejkb ajucosk yk`a edeksucg sdj kck` hdrcurk`a luak . Mgskepg`a gtu promucsg ajucosk ojdb bktg ed`lkmg tgmkc tdrcd`mkjg. Cdmuk ikctor g`g kck` ed`gehujck` bgpdrajgcdeg. Mkjke upkyk u`tuc ed`abgjk`ack` ajucosk yk`a hdrjdhgbk` mkrg mkjke tuhub, ag`lkj kck` ed`adcscrdsgck` ajucosk hdrskek-skek kgr mk` djdctrojgt (sdpdrtg `ktrgue mk` ckjgue). Mgurdsgs oseotgc yk`a mgtk`mkg ojdb urg`ksg yk`a hdrjdhgbk` (pojgurg) kck` ed`ydhkhck` mdbgmrksg mk` cdbgjk`a`k djdctrojgt. ^d`mdrgtk cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc yk`a hdrkt mkpkt cdbgjk`ak` cgrk-cgrk 9,4 J kgr mk` skepkg =>> bg`aak 4>> eDq `ktrgue, ckjgue sdrtk cjorgmk sdjkek pdrgomd wkctu 8= lke.Kcghkt mdigsgd`sg g`sujg` yk`a jkg` kmjkb pdedfkbk` jdekc (jgpojgsgs) ed`lkmg kske-kske jdekc hdhks mk` ajgsdroj. Kske jdekc hdhks
1
kck` mguhkb ed`lkmg hkmk` cdto` ojdb bktg. ^kmk cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc tdrlkmg promucsg hkmk` cdto` yk`a hdrjdhgbk` sdhkakg kcghkt mkrg cdcurk`ak` g`sujg` yk`a sdfkrk `orekj kck` ed`fdakb tgehuj`yk cdkmkk` tdrsdhut. Hkmk` cdto` hdrsgikt kske, mk` hgjk hdrtuepuc mkjke sgrcujksg mkrkb, hkmk` cdto` kck` ed`gehujck` ksgmosgs edtkhojgc
^ktbopbysgojoay oi MCK kmkptdm iroe Trmd`< ]bdjk`‗s Frgtgfkj Fkrd @ursg`a< Mgka`osgs k`m Ek`kaded`t. 4tb dm.Fgtdm g` @ursg`a Fo`sujt. Fo`sujt.
2
^kmk cdkmkk` `orekj curk`a jdhgb 4> % ajucosk yk`a mgekck` ed`akjkeg edtkhojgsed sdepur`k ed`lkmg FO 8 mk` kgr, ;> % ed`lkmg ajgcoad` mk` 8> % skepkg => % mguhkb ed`lkmg jdekc. ^kmk Mgkhdtds Edjjgtus sdeuk prosds tdrsdhut tdrak`aau ckrd`k tdrmkpkt mdigsgd`sg g`sujg`. ^d`ydrkpk` ajucosk cdmkjke sdj ekfdt mk` edtkhojgsed`yk tdrak`aau. Cdkmkk` g`g ed`ydhkhck` sdhkagk` hdskr ajucosk tdtkp hdrkmk mkjke sgrcujksg mkrkb sdbg`aak tdrlkmg bgpdrajgcdegk. ^d`ykcgt Mgkhdtds Edjjgtus mgsdhkhck` ojdb ckrd`k akakj`yk boreo` g`sujg`. Kcghkt cdcurk`ak` g`sujg` ekck ajucosk tgmkc mkpkt mguhkb ed`lkmg ajgcoad` sdbg`aak ckmkr aujk mkrkb ed`g`ackt mk` tdrlkmg bgpdrajgcdeg. Ag`lkj tgmkc mkpkt ed`kbk` bgpdrajgcdeg g`g, ckrd`k kehk`a hktks u`tuc aujk mkrkb kmkjkb ;2> ea% sdbg`aak kpkhgjk tdrlkmg bgpdrajgcdeg ekck ag`lkj tgmkc hgsk ed`ykrg`a mk` ed`akhsorhsg sdluejkb ajucosk mkjke mkrkb. Vdbuhu`ak` md`ak` sgikt aujk yk`a ed`ydrkp kgr ekck sdeuk cdjdhgbk` mgcdjukrck` hdrskek urg`d yk`a mgsdhut ajucosurgk. Hdrskekk` cdkmkk` ajucosurgk ekck sdluejkb kgr bgjk`a mkjke urg`d yk`a mgsdhut pojgurgk. ^ojgurgk ed`akcghktck` mdbgmrksg g`trksdjjujdr, bkj g`g kck` edrk`ask`a puskt bkus sdbg`aak pksgd` kck` edrkskck` bkus tdrus ed`drus sdbg`aak pksgd` kck` eg`ue tdrus yk`a mgsdhut mgsdhut pojgmgpsg. ^romucsg g`sujg` yk`a curk`a kck` ed`ydhkhck` ed`uru``yk trk`sport ajucosk cd sdj-sdj sdbg`aak sdj-sdj cdcurk`ak` ekck`k` mk` sgepk`k` ckrhobgmrkt, jdekc mk` protdg` ed`lkmg ed`gpgs. Ckrd`k mgau`kck` u`tuc edjkcuck` pdehkckrk` mkjke tuhub, ekck cjgd` kck` edrksk jkpkr sdbg`aak ed`ydhkhck` hk`ykc ekck` yk`a mgsdhut pojgpbkagk. ]drjkju hk`ykc jdekc yk`a mghkckr ekck kck` tdrlkmg pd`uepuck` ksdtkt ksdt kt mkjke mkrkb yk`a ed`ydhkhck` cdkskek` c dkskek` mkrkb ed`g`ackt ktku ksgmosgs. \kt g`g kck` edrkfu`g tuhub hgjk tdrjkju hk`ykc bg`aak tuhub hdruskbk ed`adjukrck` edjkjug urg`d mk` pdr`kpksk`, kcghkt`yk hku urg`d mk` `kpks pd`mdrgtk hdrhku ksdto` ktku hku hukb-hukbk`. Cdkmkk` ksgmosgs g`g kpkhgjk t gmkc sdadrk mgohktg kck` tdrlkmg coek yk`a yk`a mgsdhut coek coek mgkhdtgc (^rgfd, ;774). ;774).
7
^ktbwky CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM)
^ktbwky Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgc
I. ^DEDXGCVKK@ ^D@T@LK@A CD]OKVGMOVGV ^D@T@LK@A CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) k. ^dedrgcskk` Jkhorktorgue ;. Ajucosk. Ckmkr ajucosk mkpkt hdrvkrgksg mkrg 6>> bg`aak 2>> ea/mj. Vdhkagk` pksgd` eu`acg` edepdrjgbktck` ckmkr aujk mkrkb yk`a jdhgb rd`mkb mk` sdhkagk` jkg``yk eu`acg` edegjgcg ckmkr skepkg sdtg`aag ;>>> ea/mj ktku jdhgb yk`a hgksk`yk hdrak`tu`a pkmk mdrklkt mdbgmrksg. Bkrus mgskmkrg hkbwk cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc tgmkc sdjkju hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb. Vdhkagk` pksgd` mkpkt ed`akjkeg ksgmosgs hdrkt mgsdrtkg ckmkr ajucosk yk`a hdrcgskr mkrg ;>> ‖ 8>> ea/mj, sded`tkrk sdhkagk` jkg``yk eu`acg` tgmkc
;>
edepdrjgbktck` cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgcue sdckjgpu` ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb`yk ed`fkpkg =>>-4>> ea/mj. 8. @ktrgue Didc bgpdrajgcdegk dcstrkvkscujdr hdradrkc kgr cd ruk`a g`trkvkscujdr. T`tuc sdtgkp ;>> ea / mJ ajucosk jdhgb mkrg ;>> ea / mJ, tg`ackt `ktrgue sdrue mgturu`ck` ojdb sdcgtkr ;,9 eDq / J. Hgjk ckmkr ajucosk turu`, tg`ackt `ktrgue sdrue ed`g`ackt md`ak` luejkb yk`a sdsukg. 6. Ckjgue G`g pdrju mgpdrgcsk sdrg`a, sdhkakg `gjkg-`gjkg mrop sk`akt fdpkt md`ak` pdrkwktk`. DCA mkpkt mgau`kck` u`tuc ed`gjkg didc lk`tu`a dcstrde mg tg`ackt potksgue. =. Hgckrho`kt Ckmkr hgckrho`kt sdrue kmkjkb rd`mkb, ykgtu >- ;4 eDq/J mk` pB yk`a rd`mkb (9,2-1,6). ]g`ackt pFO 8 yk`a rd`mkb ( ;>- 6> eeBa) ed`fdreg`ck` coepd`sksg rdspgrktorgc (pdr`kpksk` cussekuj) tdrbkmkp ksgmosgsg edtkhojgc. Kcueujksg hkmk` cdto` (yk`a ed`fdtusck` ksgmosgs) mgfdreg`ck` ojdb bksgj pd`aucurk` cdto` mkjke mkrkb mk` urg`. Au`kck` tg`ackt g`g mkjke buhu`ak``yk buhu`ak``yk md`ak` cdsd`lk`ak` k`go` u`tuc ed`gjkg mdrklkt ksgmosgs. 4. Vdj mkrkb jd`ackp (FHF) ]g`aag sdj mkrkb putgb (QHF) ed`abgtu`a (0 ;4 R ;>7 / J) ktku mgtk`mkg pdradsdrk` cgrg eu`acg` ed`ykrk`ck` ed`ykrk`ck` ed`mkskrg g`idcsg. 9. Aks mkrkb krtdrg (KHA) pB
sdrg`a
:1.6.
Yd`k
pB
mkpkt
mgau`kck`
u`tuc
ed`aujk`a ed`aujk`a
pB edksurded`ts. edksurded`ts. Hrk`md`hura mk` Mgrd ed`deuck` hkbwk pB pkmk tg`ackt aks mkrkb vd`k pkmk pksgd` md`ak` CKM kmkjkb jdhgb rd`mkb mkrg pB >,>6 pkmk KHA. Ckrd`k pdrhdmkk` g`g rdjktgi mkpkt mgk`mkjck` mk` huck` mkrg sga`gigck`sg cjg`gs, bkepgr tgmkc kmk kjksk` u`tuc edjkcuck` jdhgb ed`ykcgtck` KHA. Kcbgr FO8 pksk`a surut tdjkb mgjkporck` sdhkakg fkrk u`tuc ed`gjkg ksgmosgs luak. 1. Cdto` Mgka`osgs edekmkg cdto`urgk ededrjuck` iu`asg ag`lkj. Vdjkg` gtu, cdto`urgk mkpkt hdrjk`asu`a jdhgb jkek mkrg ksgmosgs lkrg`ak` yk`a ed`mkskrg`yk. 2. θ-bgmrocsghutgrkt
;;
Vdrue ktku bgmrocsghutgrkt θ ckpgjdr mkpkt mgau`kck` u`tuc ed`agcutg r dspo`s r dspo`s tdrbkmkp pd`aohktk`. ]g`ackt yk`a jdhgb hdskr mkrg >,4 eeoj / J mgk`aakp `orekj, mk` tg`ackt mkrg 6 eeoj / J hdrcordjksg md`ak` cdhutubk` u`tuc cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc (CKM). 7. Trg`kjgsgs (TK) Fkrg ajgcosurgk mk` urg` cdtosgs. Bkj g`g mgau`kck` u`tuc ed`mdtdcsg g`idcsg skjurk` cd`fg`a yk`a ed`mkskrg. ;>. Oseojkjgtks Mgucur sdhkakg 8 (@k +) (eDq / J) + ajucosk (ea / mJ) / ;2 + HT@ (ea / mJ) / 8.2. ^ksgd` md`ak` mgkhdtds cdtoksgmosgs yk`a hdrkmk mkjke cdkmkk` coek hgksk`yk edegjgcg oseojkjgtgs 0 66> eOse / ca B8O. Lgck oseojkjgtks curk`a mkrg 0 66> eOse / ca B 8O g`g, ekck pksgd` lktub pkmk co`mgsg coek. ;;. Iosior Lgck
pksgd`
hdrgsgco
bgpoiosiktdegk
(egskj`yk,
stktus
agzg
huruc,
kjcobojgsed cro`gs), ekck tg`ackt iosior sdrue bkrus mgtd`tuck`. ;8. ]g`ackt HT@ ed`g`ackt K`go` akp yk`a jdhgb tg`aag mkrg hgksk`yk. ;6. Ckmkr crdktg`g` Cd`kgck` ckmkr crdktg`g`, urdk `gtroad` mkrkb (HT@) mk` Bh luak mkpkt tdrlkmg pkmk mdbgrksg. Vdtdjkb tdrkpg rdbgmrksg mgjkcuck`, cd`kgck` ckmkr crdktg`g` mk` HT@ sdrue yk`a tdrus hdrjk`lut kck` mgluepkg pkmk pksgd` yk`a ed`akjkeg g`suigsgd`sg rd`kj. ]khdj Vgikt-sgikt pd`tg`a mkrg tgak hd`tuc mdcoepd`sksg (pdrurkgk`) edtkhojgc pkmk mgkhdtds.
Vgikt-sgikt
Mgkhdtgf
Bypdroseojkr
cdtokfgmosgs
`o` cdtotgffoek
(CKM)
(BO@C)
Ksgmosgs jkctkt
Ajucosk pjksek ]g`aag
Vk`akt tg`aag
Hdrvkrgksg
Cdto`d
Kmk
]gmkc kmk
Hdrvkrgksg
Ksgmosgs
Vdmk`a/bdhkt
]gmkc kmk
Bdhkt
Mdbgmrksg
Moeg`k`
Moeg`k`
Hdrvkrgksg
Bgpdrvd`tgjksg
Kmk
]gmkc kmk
Kmk
;8
h. ^dedrgcskk` Mgka`ostgc ^dedrgcskk` mgka`ostgc u`tuc cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgc mkpkt mgjkcuck` md`ak` fkrk< ;. ]ds tojdrk`sg Ajucosk (]]A) edek`lk`a (jdhgb hdskr mkrg 8>>ea/mj). Hgksk`yk tds g`g mgk`lurck` u`tuc pksgd` yk`a ed`u`lucck` ckmkr ajucosk ed`g`ackt mghkwkb co`mgsg strdss. 8. Aujk mkrkb puksk `orekj ktku mgktks `orekj. 6. Dssdg bdeoajohg` ajgcojgskt mgktks rd`tk`a `orekj. =. Trg`kjgsgs posgtgi tdrbkmkp ajucosk mk` cdto`. 4. Cojdstdroj mk` ckmkr trgajgsdrgmk sdrue mkpkt ed`g`ackt ed`k`mkck` cdtgmkckmdcuktk` co`troj ajgcdegc mk` pd`g`acktk` propd`sgtks pkmk tdrlkmg`yk ktdroscjdrosgs. 9. Ksdto` pjksek< ^osgtgi sdfkrk ed`fojoc 1.
Ks. Jdekc hdhks< ckmkr jgpgm mk` cojdstdroj ed`g`aackt
2. Djdctrojgt< @k `orekj/ed`uru`3 C `orekj/ed`g`ackt sdeu3 I turu` 7. Bdeoajohg` ajgcosgjkt< Ed`g`ackt 8-= ckjg `orekj ;>. Aks Mkrkb Krtdrg< pB rd`mkb, pd`uru`k` BFO6 (ksgmosgsedtkhojgc) md`ak` coepd`sksg kjckjosgs rdspgrktorgc ;;. ]roehosgt mkrkb< Bt eu`acg` ed`g`ackt, jducosgtosgs, jducosgtosgs, bdeoco`sd`trksg ;8. Trdue/frdktg`g`< ed`g`ackt/`orekj ;6. Kegjksd mkrkb< ed`g`ackt ed`ag`mgcksgck` pk`frdktgtgs kcut
A. MGKA@OVGV HK@MG@A CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) Mgmkskrck` ktks kmk`yk "trgks hgocgegk" ykc`g < bgpdrajgcdegk, cdto`degk, mk` ksgmosgs. Crgtdrgk mgka`osgs`yk kmkjkb sdhkakg hdrgcut < k. Bgpdrajgcdegk, hgjk ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb 0 ;; eeoj/J (0 8>> ea/mJ). h. Ksgmosgs, hgjk pB mkrkb : 1,6. f. ckmkr hgckrho`kt : ;4 eeoj/J). Mdrklkt hdrkt-rg`ak``yk ksgmosgs mgcjksgigcksgck` sdhkakg hdrgcut < ;. Xg`ak`< hgjk pB mkrkb 1,84-1,6, hgckrho`kt ;>- ;4 eeoj/J. eeoj/J. 8. Vdmk`a< hgjk pB mkrkb 1,;-1,8=, 1,;- 1,8=, hgckrho`kt hgckrho`kt 4-;> 4 -;> eeoj/J. 6. Hdrkt< hgjk pB mkrkb : 1,;, hgckrho`kt : 4 eeoj/J.
B. COE^JGCKVG COE^JGCKVG CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) Coepjgcksg mkrg cdtoksgmogsgs mgkhdtgcue mkpkt hdrupk<
;6
;. Cdjkg`k` Bgpdrajgcdegk k. Coek bgpdroseojkr bgpdrajgcdegc `o`cdtotgc (CB@C) gkjkb suktu sg`mroe yk`a mgtk`mkg md`ak` bgpdrajgcdegk hdrkt, bgpdroseojkr, mdbgmrksg hdrkt tk`pk cdtoksgmosgs, mgsdrtkg pd`uru`k` cdskmkrk`. h. Mgkhdtds edjjgtus kmkjkb pd`ykcgt yk`a mgsdhkhck` ojdb tg`aag`yk ckmkr aujk mkjke mkrkb kcghkt ak`aauk` sdcrdsg g`sujg`. Mgkhdtds edjjgtus mg sdhut luak pd`ykcgt cd`fg`a ek`gs. f. ]ojdrk`sg Ajucosk ]drak`aau (]A]) kmkjkb gstgjkb yk`a mgpkckg u`tuc ed`yktkck` kmk`yk mgsajgcdeg ykgtu cd`kgck` ajucosk pjksek 8 lke sdtdjkb hdhk` 14 arke ajucosk pkmk pdedrgcskk` tds tojdrk`sg ajucosk orkj (]]AO) ykgtu k`tkrk ;=> ea/mj skepkg md`ak` ;77 ea/mj. Cdkmkk` g`g mgsdhut luak sdhkakg prdmgkhdtds ojdb ckrd`k rgsgco u`tuc ed`mkpkt mgkhdtds edjgtus tgpd 8 mk` pd`ykcgt ckrmgovkscujdr sk`akt hdskr. 8. Ag`lkj mgkhdtgc ( @diropktg Mgkhdtgc ) @diropktg mgkhdtgc ktku ag`lkj mgkhdtgc mkpkt mgmdtdcsg fucup mg`g. Hgjk pd`mdrgtk ed`fkpkg stkmgue `diropktg mgkhdtgc, mgmkjke kgr cd `fg`a`yk tdrmkpkt protdg`. Md`ak` ed`uru``yk iu`asg ag`lkj kck` mgsdrt kg `kgc`yk tdck`k` mkrkb. ^kmk curu` wkctu yk`a jkek pd`mdrgtk `diropktg mgkhdtgc kck` hdrkcbgr md`ak` akakj ag`lkj mk` bkrus edjkcuck` fufg mkrkb. Vdjkg` gtu `diropktg mgkhdtgc hgsk ed`gehujck` akakj lk`tu`a co`adsgi. 6. Cdhutkk` ( Xdtg`opktg Mgkhdtgc ) Ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb yk`a tg`aag hgsk ed`ydhkhck` sdehkh pkmk jd`sk ektk. ^d`ajgbktk` ed`lkmg ckhur mk` mkpkt hdrkcbgr md`ak` cdhutkk`. =. Vykrki ( @duropktg Mgkhdtgc ) @duropktg mgkhdtgc kmkjkb kcghkt cdruskck` pkmk skrki. ^d`mdrgtk hgsk strds, pdrkskk` hdrcurk`a sdbg`aak kpk yk`a mgpdak`a tgmkc mkpkt mgrkskck` (ektg rksk). 4. Cdjkg`k` Lk`tu`a. ]drak`aau`yk ckmkr jdekc mkrkb kmkjkb sktu ikctor tgehuj`yk ktdroscjdrosgs pkmk pdehujub mkrkb lk`tu`a. Hgjk mgkhdtdsg edepu`ykg coepjgcksg lk`tu`a coro`dr mk` ed`mkpkt sdrk`ak` cdektgk` otot lk`tu`a kcut, ekck sdrk`ak` tdrsdhut tgmkc mgsdrtkg rksk `ydrg. G`g edrupkck` pd`ydhkh cdektgk` ed`mkmkc. 9. Bgpoajgcdegk.
;=
Bgpoajgcdegk tdrlkmg hgjk ckmkr aujk mkrkb sk`akt rd`mkb. Hgjk pd`uru`k` ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb tdrlkmg sk`akt fdpkt, bkrus mgktksg md`ak` sdadrk. Cdtdrjkehktk` mkpkt ed`ydhkhck` cdektgk`. Adlkjk yk`a tgehuj eujkg mkrg rksk adjgskb skepkg hdrupk coek mk` cdlk`a-cdlk`a. 1. Bgpdrtd`sg. Ckrd`k bkrus edehuk`a cdjdhgbk` ajocosk mkrkb edjkjug kgr sd`g, ag`lkj pd`mdrgtk mgkhdtds bkrus hdcdrlk dcstrk hdrkt. Vdjkg` gtu tg`ackt cdcd`tkjk` mkrkb pkmk mgkhdtgsg luak jdhgb tg`aag. Mgtkehkb md`ak` cdruskck`-cdruskck` pdehujub ckpgjdr ckp gjdr sdrtk pd`ydepgtk` pd`ydepgtk` yk`a tdrlkmg, sdfkrk otoektgs sykrki kck` ed`agrgeck` sga`kj cd otkc u`tuc ed`kehkb tkck`k` mkrkb.
G. ^D@K]KJKCVK@KK@ ^D@K]KJKCVK@KK@ EDMGV CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) ]uluk` pd`ktkjkcsk`kk` < k) Edepdrhkgcg sgrcujksg mk` pdriusg lkrg`ak` (rdsusgtksg mk` rdbgmrksg) h)
Ed`abd`tgck` cdtoad`dsgs (g`sujg`),
f)
Cordcsg ak`aauk` djdctrojgt,
m) Ed`fdakb coepjgcksg, d) Ed`ad`kjg mk` ed`abgjk`ack` ikctor pd`fdtus. ;. Kgrwky mk` Hrdktbg`a Ocsgad`ksg / vd`tgjksg < Lkjk` Lkjk ` `kpks mk` pdr`kpksk` tdtkp prgorgtks utkek. Lgck pksgd` md`ak` cdskmkrk` / coek (AFV (AFV :2) edepdrtgehk`ack` g`tuhksg g`tuhksg mk` vd`tgjksg. ^kmk pksgd` tsh sded`tkrk skjurk` `kpks mkpkt mgpdrtkbk`ck` ojdb pd`ygsgpk` Audmdj's skjurk` `kpks. ^ksk`a ocsgad` edjkjug ekscdr ekscdr Bumso` ktku `o`-rdhrdktbdr ekscdr lgck mgtu`lucck`. m gtu`lucck`. Eksucck` tkhu`a `ksoakstrgc mk` hgkrck` mrkg`ksd lgck pksgd` eu`tkb ktku lgck pksgd` tdjkb t djkb eu`tkb hdrujk`a. Kgrwky, pdr`kiksk` mk` tg`ackt cdskmkrk` bkrus mgeo`gtor mgeo`gtor mg sdeuk trdkted`t MCK. 8. Fgrfujktgo` ^d`aak`tgk` fkgrk` < Vgrcujksg kmkjkb prgorgtks cdmuk. MCK pkmk pksgd` yk`a ed`mdrgtk mdbgmrksg hdrkt hgsk hdrjk`lut pkmk sbofc bgpovojdegc. Ojdb sd hkh gtu, fkgrk` pd`aak`tg bkrus mgeujkg sdadrk. Fkgrk` rdsus gtksg hdrtuluk` u`tuc ed`aurk`ag bgpdrajgcdegk, bypdroseojkjgty, mk` fo u`tdrrdaujktory boreo`, tdrutkek mkjke hdhdrkpk lke pdrtkek, sdbg`aak ed`aurk`ag rdsgstd`sg tdrbkmkp g`sujg`. ]drkpg G`sujg` pkjg`a didctgi lgck mgmkbujug md`ak` fkgrk` kwkj mk` pd`aak`tgk` djdctrojgt. Mdigsgt Mdigsgt fkgrk` fkgrk ` tuhub ;>% ;>% mkrg hdrkt hkmk` totkj ekck jdhgb
;4
mkrg 9 jgtdr fkgrk` eu`acg` bkrus mgak`tg. Xdsusgtksg fkgrk` sdadrk hdrtuluk` u`tuc ed`adehkjgck` vojued g`trkvkscujkr mk` edepdrhkgcg pdriusg ag`lkj md` ak` sojusg crgstkjogm, cojogm mk` hgsk mgau`kck` lgck pksgd` mkjke syoc bgpovojdegc. @orekj skjg`d (@kFj >,7%) yk`a yk`a pkjg`a sdsukg. Gmdkj`yk 4>% mkrg totkj mdigsgt kgr tuhub bkrus mgak`tg mgak`tg mkjke 2 lke pdrtkek mk` 4>% jkg` jkg` mkjke 8= lke lke hdrgcut`yk. Bktg-bktg pdek`tkuk` stktus bdeomg`kegc sdfkrk tdjgtg (pkmk pksgd` yk`a tgmkc stkhgj sdtgkp ;4 ed`gt), iu`asg ag`lkj, stktus ed`tkj mk` cdsdgehk`ak` fkgrk` mgpdrjuck` u`tuc ed`abg`mkrg ed`abg`mkrg ovdrjokm fkgrk`. (Djgskhdtb Dvk Okcds, X@. 8>>1. Mgkhdtgf Cdtokfgmosgs MCK)
HKH GGG CO@VD^ KVTBK@ CD^DXKQ C D^DXKQK]K@ K]K@ CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM)
K. ^D@ACKLGK@ ;. Hgomktk < tdrmgrg mkrg `kek, ueur (Tsgk < k`kc-k`kc fd`mdru`a ed`akjkeg GMME ]gpd G) tk`aakj jkbgr, ld`gs cdjkeg`, kakek. 8. Xgwkykt pd`ykcgt sdckrk`a < mktk`a md`ak` ktku tk`pk cdjubk` ^ojgurgk, ^ojgpbkag , jdeks, juck suckr sdehub ktku kmk`yk coek ktku pd`uru`k` cdskmkrk` cdskmkrk ` md`ak` sdhkh tgmkc mgcdtkbug. ^kmk jk`sgk mkpkt tdrlkmg `dpropktg, `duropbktg ktku rdtg`opbktg sdrtk pd`ykcg pd`ykcgtt pdehujub pd ehujub mkrkb. 6. Xgwkykt pd`ykcg pd`ykcgtt sdhdjue`yk < eu`acg` cjgd` tdjkb ed`mdrgtk pd`ykcgt sdlkc hdhdrkpk jkek md`ak` ktku tk`pk ed`lkjk`g proarke pd`aohktk`. ^d`ykcgt pkru, ak`aauk` ckrmgovkscujdr sdrtk pd`ykcgt `durojoags sdrtk g`idcsg ktku kmk`yk juck mkpkt edepdrhdrkt co`mgsg cjg`gs. =. Xgwkykt pd`ykcg pd`ykcgtt cdjukrak < pd`ykcg pd`ykcgtt mgkhdtgc mgcd`kj sdhkakg pd`ykcgt yk`a mgturu`ck` (bdrdmgtdr) wkjkupu` adlkjk tgmkc sdjkju eu`fuj pkmk sdtgkp cdturu`k` ktku tgehuj sdlkc cdfgj (co`ad`gtkj). Ad`oarke eu`acg` mgpdrjuck` u`tuc ed`auktck` mgka`osgs. 4. Vtktus edtkhojgc < G`tkcd ekck`k` yk`a edjdhgbg cdhutubk` ckjorg, g`idcsg ktku pd`ykcgt-pd`ykcgt pd`ykcg t-pd`ykcgt kcut jkg`, strdss yk`a hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` ikctor-ikctor psgcojoags mk` sofgkj, ohkt-ohktk` ktku tdrkpg jkg` yk`a edepd`akrubg ajucosk mkrkb, pd`abd`tgk` g`sujg` ktku ohkt k`tg bgpdrajgcdegc orkj. 9. Kctgvgtks / Gstgrkbkt Adlkjk < Jdekb, jdtgb, sujgt hdradrkc /hdrlkjk`, Crke otot, to`us otot ed`uru`, ed`uru`, ak`aauk` gstgrkbkt/tgmur ]k`mk < ]kcgckrmgk mk` tkcgp`dk pkmk cdkmkk` gstgrkbkt ktku kctgigtks, Jdtkrag / mgsorgd`tksg, coek mgsorgd`tksg, coek , ^d`uru`k` cdcuktk` otot. 1. Vgrcujksg Adlkjk < Kmk`yk rgwkykt bgpdrtd`sg, rgwkykt bgpdrtd`sg, GE kcut, Cjkumgcksg, cdhks mk` cdsdeutk` pkmk dcstrdegtks, Tjcus dcstrdegtks, Tjcus pkmk pkmk ckcg, pd`ydehubk` pd`ydehubk` yk`a jkek, ]kcgckrmgk ]k`mk < ^druhkbk` tdck`k` tdck`k` mkrkb posturkj, posturkj, bgpdrtd`sg, @kmg bgpdrtd`sg, @kmg yk`a ed`uru`/tgmkc kmk, Mgsrgtegk, Crdcdjs,
Mgstd`sg
vd`k
cdedrkbk`, hojk ektk fdcu`a
;9
luaujkrgs, Cujgt
pk`ks,
cdrg`a,
mk`
;1
2. G`tdargtks/ Dao Adlkjk < Vtrdss, tdrak`tu`a pkmk ork`a jkg`, Ekskjkb ig`k`sgkj yk`a hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` co`mgsg ]k`mk < K`sgdtks, pdck rk`ask`a 7. Djgeg`ksg Adlkjk< ^druhkbk` pojk po jk hdrcdegb (pojgurgk), (po jgurgk), `octurgk, Xksk `ydrg / tdrhkckr , cdsujgtk` hdrcdegb (g`idcsg), GVVC hkru/hdrujk`a, @ydrg tdck` khmoed`, Mgkrd ]k`mk
hku husuc
(g`idcsg), Khmoed` cdrks, kmk`yk ksgtds, Hgsg`a usus jdekb mk` ed`uru`, bgpdrkctgi (mgkrd) ;>. @utrgsg/Fkgrk` ;>. @utrgsg/Fkgrk` Adlkjk < Bgjk`a `kisu ekck`, ekck`, Eukj/eu`tkb, Eukj/eu`tkb, ]gmkc edektubg mgdt, pd`g`ackttk` pd`g`ackttk` eksuck`
ajucosk/ckrhobgmrkt,
^d`uru`k` hdrkt
hkmk` jdhgb
mkrg
hdhdrkpk
ldjdc, Cdckcuk`/mgstd`sg
khmoed`,
bkrg/eg`aau, Bkus, pd`aau`kk` mgurdtgc (]bgkzgm) ]k`mk
<
Cujgt cdrg`a/hdrsgsgc, t uraor
eu`tkb, ^dehdskrk`
tgrogm
(pd`g`acktk`
cdhutubk`
edtkhojgc
md`ak`
pd`g`acktk` aujk pd`g`acktk` aujk mkrkb), mkrkb) , hku bkjgsgtosgs/ek`gs, hku hukb (`kpks ksdto`) ;;. @durosd`sorg ;;. @durosd`sorg Adlkjk < ^usg`a/pd`g`a, skcgt cdpkjk, Cdsdeutk`, cdhks, cdjdekbk` pkmk otot, pkrdstdsgk, Ak`aauk` pd`ajgbktk`. ]k`mk
<
Mgsorgd`tksg,
ed`ak`tuc,
kjdrag, stupor/coek stupor/coek
(tkbkp
jk`lut).
Ak`aauk`edeorg (hkru, eksk jkju), ckfku ed`tkj, Xdijdcs td`mo` mkjke ed`uru` (coek), Kctgigtks cdlk`a (tkbkp jk`lut mkrg MCK). ;8. @ydrg/cd`ykek`k` ;8. @ydrg/cd`ykek`k` Adlkjk < Khmoed` yk`a tdak`a/`ydrg (sdmk`a/hdrkt) ]k`mk < Qklkb edrg`ags md`ak` pkjpgtksg, tkepkc sk`akt hdrbktg-bktg ;6. ^dr`kpksk` Adlkjk
<
Edrksk
cdcurk`ak` ocsgad`, cdcurk`ak` ocsgad`,
hktuc
md`ak`/ tk`pk
sputue
purujd`(tdrak`tu`a kmk`yk g`idcsg/tgmkc) ]k`mk
<
Jkpkr
umkrk,
purujd`, Irdcud`sg pdr`kpksk` Irdcud`sg pdr`kpksk` ed`g`ackt ;=. Cdkek`k` Adlkjk < Cujgt Cujgt cdrg`a, cdrg`a, aktkj, ujcus cujgt
hktuc
md`ak`/tk`pk
sputue
;2
]k`mk < Mdeke, mgkiordsgs, Cujgt Cujgt ruskc, jdsg/ujsdrksg, Ed`uru``yk cdcuktk` ueue/rd`tk`a drkc, ^krdstdsgk/pkrkjgsgs otot tdreksuc otot-otot pdr`kpksk` (lgck ckmkr ckjgue ed`uru` md`ak` fucup tklke) ;4. Vdcsukjgtks Adlkjk < Xkhks vkag`k (fd`mdru`a g`idcsg), Ekskjkb gepotd` pkmk prgk, cdsujgtk` oraksed pkmk wk`gtk ;9. ^d`yujubk`/pdehdjklkrk` Adlkjk < Ikctor rdsgco cdjukrak ME, lk`tu`a, strocd, bgpdrtd`sg. ^d`ydehubk` yk`a, Jkehkt, pd`aau`kk` ohkt sdpdrtgg stdrogm, mgurdtgc (tbgkzgm), mgjk`tg` mk` id`ohkrhgtkj (mkpkt ed`g`acktck` ckmkr ajucosk mkrkb). Eu`acg` ktku tgmkc ededrjuck` ohkt mgkhdtgc sdsukg pdsk`k` Xd`fk`k pdeujk`ak` < Eu`acg` ededrjuck` hk`tuk` mkjke pd`aktuk` mgdt,pd`aohktk`, pdrkwktk` mgrg, pdek`tkuk` tdrbkmkp ajucosk mkrkb.
H. MGKA@OVK CD^DXKQK]K@ CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) ;. Mdigsgt vojued fkgrk` hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` mgurdsgs oseotgc kcghkt bgpdrajgcdek, pd`adjukrk` fkgrk` hdrjdhgbk`< mgkrd, eu`tkb, pdehktksk` g`tkcd kcghkt eukj, ckfku ed`tkj 8. ^ojk `kiks tgmkc didctgi hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` coepd`sksg ksgmosgs edtkhojgc 6. Xdsgco tg`aag tdrbkmkp g`idcsg (sdpsgs) hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` pd`g`acktk` ckmkr ajucosk =. Cdtgmkcsdgehk`ak` `utrgsg
F. XD@FK@K CD^DXKQK]K@ CD]OKVGMOVGV MGKHD]GCTE (CKM) @O
;
MGKA@OVK CD^DXKQK]K@
]TLTK@ MK@ CXG]DXGK BKVGJ
Mdigsgt Yojued Fkgrk` Mdig`gsg fkgrk`
<
@OF<
G@]DXYD@VG
@GF <
^d`uru`k`
Ijugm hkjk`fd
Ijugm ek`kaded`t
g`trkvkscujdr,
Bymrktgo`
;. ^drtkbk`ck` fktktk` g`tkcd
mk`/ktku
@utrgtgo`kj
g`tdrstgsgkj, g`trksdjjujkr.
G`g
mk` output yk`a kcurkt
Vtktus < Ioom k`m 8. Eo`gtor stktus bgmrksg
;7
ed`akrkb cd mdbgmrksg, cdbgjk`ak` fkgrk` md`ak` pd`adjukrk` somgue
Ijugm G`tkcd
(cdjdehkhk` edehrk`
Crgtdrgk Bksgj <
eucosk, `kmg kmdcukt,
Edepdrtkbk`ck`
tdck`k` mkrkb ortostktgc), lgck
Hktksk` Ckrkctdrgstgc <
urg`d
mgpdrjuck`
Cdjdekbk`
sdsukg
Bkus
usgk mk` HH, HL =. Eo`gtor eksuck` ekck`k` /
^d`uru`k`
turaor
cujgt/jgmkb
Edehrk`
`orekj
ckjorg bkrgk`
]dck`k`
mkrkb, 4. Cojkhorksgck` pdehdrgk`
mkjke
md`yut
pd`uru`k` mkrkb,
hktks 9. Eo`gtor stktus `utrgsg 1. Hdrgck` fkgrk` GY pkmk subu
`orekj
fkgrk` GY
]gmkc kmk tk`mk
ruk`ak`
pd`uru`k`
tk`mk
vojued/tdck`k` `kmg
Djkstgsgtks turaor 7. Hdrgck` pd`aak`tgk`
^d`agsgk`
cujgt
vd`k
mdbgmrksg, 2. Moro`a eksuck` orkj
hkgc,
^druhkbk`
stktus
eucosk jdehkh, tgmkc
Co`sd`trksg
urg`d
ed`g`ackt
kmk
bkus hdrjdhgbk`
]depdrktur
tuhub
`ksoaktrgc sdsukg output ;>. Moro`a cdjukrak u`tuc
edehrk`
ed`tkj
fkgrk` mk` bgtu`a g`tkcd
^d`g`acktk`
ed`uru`
urg`d `orekj, B]
`kmg, subu tuhub
tdck`k`
md`ak` 6. Eo`gtor vgtkj sga`
eucosk/cujgt eucosk/cujgt cdrg`a
`kmg,
output
edehk`tu pksgd` ekck`
rksk ;;. ]kwkrck` s`kfc ( lus hukb, yk`a
hukb sdakr ) ;8. Cojkhorksg moctdr lgck tk`mk fkgrk` hdrjdhgb eu`fuj
ed`g`ackt
;6. Ktur cdeu`acg`k` trk`iusg
Bdektocrgt ed`g`aag
;=. ^drsgkpk` u`tuc trk`iusg
Cdbgjk`ak` hkmk`
hdrkt sdcdtgck
(cdfukjg pkmk tbgrm spkfg`a)
Ikctor-ikctor yk`a hdrbuhu`ak`<
Cdbgjk`ak`
vojued
fkgrk` sdfkrk kctgi
Cdakakjk`
8>
edck`gsed pd`akturk`
8
^ojk @kiks tgmkc didctgi Mdig`gsg
<
^drtuckrk`
@OF <
@GF < Kgrwky Ek`kaded`t
Xdspgrktory
umkrk g`spgrksg mk`/ktku
stktus
dcspgrksg tgmkc kmdcukt
Yd`tgjktgo`
tdc`gc fbg` jgit ktku lkw tbrust
Xdspgrktory
hgjk pdrju
Hktksk` ckrkctdrgstgc <
^d`uru`k`
tdck`k`
stktus < Kgrwky 8. ^osgsgck`
g`spgrksg/dcspgrksg
^d`uru`k` pdrtuckrk`
Ed`aau`kck`
Ygtkj sga` Vtktus
u`tuc
6. Gmd`tgigcksg pksgd` pdrju`yk pdeksk`ak` kjkt lkjk` `kiks
Crgtdrgk Bksgj < otot
pksgd`
edekcsgekjck` vd`tgjksg
pktd`fy
umkrk pdr ed`gt
< ;. Huck lkjk` `kiks, auk`kck`
Ed`mdeo`strksg
huktk`
pdr`kiksk` tkehkbk`
ck` hktuc didctgi =. ^ksk`a ekyo hgjk pdrju
@kskj ijkrg`a
mk` sukrk `kiks 4. Jkcuck` igsgotdrkpg mkmk lgck
Mysp`dk
yk`a
Ortbop`dk
tgmkc
kmk 9. Cdjukrck`
^druhkbk`
sgk`osgs
mk`
pd`ygepk`ak` mkmk mkmk
mysp`du (ekepu 1. Kuscujtksg sukrk `kiks, fktkt
@kiks pd`mdc
ed`adjukrck`
Kssueptgo`
oi
6-
hdrsgb,
pdrju
kmk`yk sukrk tkehkbk`
sputue, ekepu 2. Jkcuck` suftgo` pkmk ekyo hdr`kiks md`ak` 7. Hdrgck`
^dr`kiksk` pursdm-jgp
eumkb, tgmkc kmk
]kbkp
pursdm jgps)
dcspgrksg sk`akt
jkek
pdjdehkh
k`tdrgor-postdrgor
edrksk tdrfdcgc, grkek
`kiks, ;8. Eo`gtor rdspgrksg mk` stktus O8
irdcud`sg
-
Hkyg < : 84 ktku 0
pdr`kiksk` mkjke ]drkpg ocsgad`
9>
rd`tk`a
Tsgk ;-= < : 8>
fkgrk`
cdsdgehk`ak`.
rktk/eg`gekj
-
umkrk
Ckssk hkskb @kFj Jdehkh
^d`g`acktk` mgkedtdr
rktk-
hgjk
pdrju ;>. Hdrgck`
Ed`u`lucck`
hro`comgjktor
lkjk` `kiks yk`a ;;. Ktur g`tkcd u`tuc ed`aoptgekjck` pktd` (cjgd` tgmkc
^dr`kiksk`
md`ak`
hktuc ktku suftgo`
pog`t posgtgo`
hdrjk`asu`a
sdcrdt
`orekj, ;. Hdrsgbck` eujut, bgmu`a mk` sdfrdt trkcdk tgmkc kmk sukrk
8;
ktku 0 6> -
-
`kiks kh`orekj)
Tsgk 4-;= < : ;=
pktd`
]k`mk
]k`mk
ktku 0 84
vgtkj
mkjke 6. Ktur pdrkjktk` ocsgad`ksg
Tsgk 0 ;= < : ;;
rd`tk`a
ktku 0 8=
(tdck`k`
Cdmkjkek`
Mdwksk
`orekj =. Eo`gtor kjgrk` ocsgad` mkrkb, 4. ^drtkbk`ck` posgsg pksgd`
`kmg, pdr`kiksk`) 9. Ohsdrvksg kmk`yk tk`mk tk`mk
pdr`kiksk` -
8. ^drtkbk`ck` lkjk` `kiks yk`a
bgpovd`tgjksg vojued
tgmkj`yk 4>> ej
1. Eo`gtor kmk`yk cdfdeksk` pksgd` tdrbkmkp ocsgad`ksg
skkt gstgrkbkt -
Hkyg
vojued
tgmkj`yk
9-2
ej/Ca
Ygtkj sga` Eo`gtorg`a ;. Eo`gtor ]M, `kmg, subu, mk` XX
]geg`a rksgo
^d`uru`k` ckpksgtks
8. Fktkt
vgtkj
kmk`yk
ijuctuksg
tdck`k` mkrkb 6. Eo`gtor
YV
skkt
pksgd`
hdrhkrg`a, mumuc, ktku hdrmgrg hdrmgrg Ikctor yk`a hdrbuhu`ak` <
=. Kuscujtksg ]M pkmk cdmuk jd`ak` mk` hk`mg`ack`
Bgpdrvd`tgjksg
Mdioregtks tujk`a
sdhdjue, sdjkek, mk` sdtdjkb
Cdjkg`k`
kctgvgtks
4. Eo`gtor
hd`tuc
^d`uru`k`
1. Eo`gtor irdcud`sg mk` grkek pdr`kpksk`
^druskck`/pdjdekbk`
2. Eo`gtor sukrk pkru
euscujo-scdjdtkj
7. Eo`gtor
Ohdsgtks
^osgsg tuhub
Cdjdjkbk`
XX,
9. Eo`gtor cukjgtks mkrg `kmg
`kmg,
mg`mg`a mkmk
d`drag/cdjdjkbk`
]M,
pojk
pdr`kpksk`
kh`orekj ;>. Eo`gtor subu, wkr`k, mk` otot
cdjdehkhk` cujgt
pdr`kiksk`
;;. Eo`gtor sgk`osgs pdrgidr
Bgpovd`tgjksg
;8. Eo`gtor kmk`yk fusbg`a trgkm
sg`mroe
(tdck`k` `kmg yk`a edjdhkr,
@ydrg
hrkmgckrmg,
pd`g`acktk`
88
Cdfdeksk`
Mgsiu`asg
sgstojgc) ;6. Gmd`tgigcksg
@duroeuscujdr
pd`ydhkh
mkrg
pdruhkbk` vgtkj sga`
Cdruskck` pdrsdpsg/coa`gtgi
^drjuckk`
pkmk
lkrg`ak` sykrki sykrk i tujk`a tu jk`a hdjkck`a
6
Gekturgtks @durojoags
Xdsgco G`idcsg
Mdig`gsg
^d`g`acktk` eksuc`yk
<
rdsgco
@OF <
@GF <
Geeu`d Vtktus
G`idftgo`
C`owjdmad
orak`gsed pktoad`
Fo`troj
(Co`troj
< g`idcsg)
G`idftgo` fo`troj
;. Hdrsgbck` jg`acu`ak` sdtdjkb
Ikctor-ikctor rdsgco <
Xgsc fo`troj
^rosdmur G`iksgi
Crgtdrgk Bksgj <
Cdtgmkcfucupk`
Cjgd` hdhks mkrg 6. Hktksg pd`au`lu`a hgjk pdrju
pd`adtkbuk`
u`tuc
]rkuek
Cdruskck` mk`
lkrg`ak`
pd`g`acktk`
pkpkrk` jg`acu`ak` jg`acu`ak`
Xuptur
Kad`
edehrk`
ikreksg
g`idcsg
pd`au`lu`a u`tuc ed`fufg
Ed`u`lucck`
tk`ak` skkt hdrcu`lu`a mk`
cdekepuk`
sdtdjkb
u`tuc ed`fdakb
ed`g`aakjck` pksgd`
Luejkb mkjke
hdrcu`lu`a
jducosgt
u`tuc fufg tk`ak`
hktks 9. Fufg tk`ak` sdtgkp sdhdjue
`orekj
mk`
Ed`u`lucck`
cdpdrkwktk`
(geu`osuprdsk`)
pdrgjkcu
Ekj`utrgsg
sdbkt
^d`g`acktk` pkpkrk` jg`acu`ak` pktoad`
pkmk
tgehuj`yk g`idcsg 4. Au`kck` skhu` k`tgegcrohgk
ke`go`
8. ^drtkbk`ck` tdc`gc gsojksg
tk`mk mk` adlkjk =. G`strucsgck`
ed`abg`mkrg pkpkrk` pktoad`
mgpkckg pksgd` jkg`
sdsumkb
tg`mkck`
bgmup 1. Au`kck` hklu, skru`a tk`ak` sdhkakg kjkt pdjg`mu`a 2. ^drtkbk`ck`
jg`acu`ak`
ksdptgc sdjkek pdeksk`ak`
86
Geo`usuprdsg
Cdtgmkckmdcuktk`
kjkt 7. Ak`tg jdtkc GY pdrgidr mk`
geue huktk`
]gmkc
jg`d kmdcukt
sdsukg
pdrtkbk`k` sdcu`mdr
ueue
(pd`uru`k`
Bh,
Jducopd`gk, rdspo`
g`ijkeksg) ]gmkc
kmdcukt tuhub
(cujgt
md`ak`
pdtu`luc
ed`uru`ck`
g`idcsg
ck`mu`a cd`fg`a
;8. Hdrgck` tdrkpg k`tghgotgc hgjk pdrju
tgmkc
utub, trkuek lkrg`ak`,
G`idftgo`
pd`uru`k` cdrlk sgjgk,
tdrbkmkp g`idcsg)
fkgrk` tuhub stktgs,
;. Eo`gtor tk`mk mk` adlkjk
pdruhkbk` pB,
sdcrdsg pdruhkbk`
pdrgstkjtgc)
mrdssg`a
;;. ]g`acktck` g`tkcd `utrgsg
pdrtkbk`k` prgedr
mk`
;>. Au`kck` cktdtdr g`tdregtd` u`tuc
pd`dck`k`
fd`trkj
^d`ykcgt cro`gc
^rotdftgo`
(protdcsg
g`idcsg sgstdegc mk` jockj 8. Eo`gtor
bgtu`a
ark`ujosgt,
QHF 6. Eo`gtor cdrd`tk`k` tdrbkmkp g`idcsg =. Hktksg pd`au`lu`a 4. Vkrg`a pd`au`lu`a tdrbkmkp pd`ykcgt ed`ujkr 9. ^drtkbk`ck` tdc`gc kspdsgs pkmk pksgd` yk`a hdrdsgco 1. ^drtkbk`ck` tdc`gc gsojksg c/p 2. Hdrgck` pdrkwktk` cujgt pkmk krdk dpgmdrek 7. G`spdcsg cujgt mk` edehrk` eucosk tdrbkmkp cdedrkbk`, pk`ks, mrkg`ksd ;>. G`spdcsg co`mgsg juck / g`sgsg hdmkb ;;. Moro`a
eksucck`
`utrgsg
8=
yk`a fucup ;8. Moro`a eksuck` fkgrk` ;6. Moro`a gstgrkbkt ;=. G`strucsgck`
pksgd`
u`tuc
eg`ue k`tghgotgc sdsukg rdsdp ;4. Klkrck` pksgd` mk` cdjukrak tk`mk mk` adlkjk g`idcsg ;9. Klkrck`
fkrk
ed`abg`mkrg
g`idcsg ;1. Jkporck` cdfurgakk` g`idcsg ;2. Jkporck` cujtur posgtgi =
Cdtgmkcsdgehk`ak` `utrgsg
curk`a
@OF < mkrg
@GF < @utrgtgo` Ek`kaded`t
@utrgtgo`kj
cdhutubk` tuhub
Vtktus < ioom k`m ;. Cklg kmk`yk kjdrag ekck`k`
Mdig`gsg < G`tkcd `utrgsg
Ijugm G`tkcd
tgmkc
fucup
cdpdrjuk`
u`tuc
edtkhojgsed
tuhub.
@utrgtgo`kj
u`tuc
ed`d`tuck`
Vtktus < `utrgd`t
ckjorg
mk`
G`tkcd
mghutubck` pksgd`.
Hktksk` ckrkctdrgstgc <
6. K`lurck`
Hdrkt hkmk` 8> %
Crgtdrgk Bksgj <
ktku jdhgb mg hkwkb
gmdkj
Mgjkporck`
kmk`yk
(Xdfoed`mdm
Mkgjy
Kjjowk`fd)
Edehrk` mk`
eucosk co`lu`atgvk
=. K`lurck`
u`tuc
pksgd`
hdrkt
vgtkeg` F
tuluk`
yk`a
pksgd`
ed`g`acktck`
curk`a
XMK
`utrgsg
pd`g`acktk`
sdsukg
luejkb
ed`g`acktck` g`tkcd Id
Kmk`yk
g`tkcd ekck`k` yk`a mkrg
8. Cojkhorksg md`ak` kbjg agzg
hkmk`
u`tuc
protdg`
mk`
md`ak` 4. Hdrgck` suhstk`sg aujk 9. Wkcg`ck` mgdt yk`a mgekck`
Hdrkt hkmk` gmdkj
ed`ak`mu`a
sdsukg
u`tuc ed`fdakb co`stgpksg
md`ak`
tg`aag hkmk`
1. Hdrgck`
tg`aag
ekck`k`
sdrkt
yk`a
Ekepued`agmd
tdrpgjgb
pufkt
`tgigcksg
mgco`sujtksgck` md`ak` kbjg
Cdjdekbk` otot yk`a
cdhutubk` `utrgsg
agzg)
mgau`kck`
u`tuc
ed`djk`/ed`au`ykb
(sumkb
]gmkc kmk tk`mk 2. Klkrck` pksgd` hkakgek`k edehukt fktktk` ekck`k` tk`mk ekj`utrgsg
84
Juck, g`ijkeksg pkmk
ro`aak eujut
Eumkb
sdtdjkb
tdrlkmg ;;. Cklg
cdekepuk`
pksgd`
pd`uru`k` hdrkt
u`tuc ed`mkpktck` `utrgsg
kmk`yk
hkmk`
yk`a mghutubck`
cdcurk`ak`
yk`a
hdrkrtg
Mgjkporck`
kmk`yk
@utrgtgo` Eo`gtor Eo`gtorg`a g`a
pdruhkbk`
sd`sksg
;. HH
pksgd`
mkjke
hktks
`orekj
^drkskk`
8. Eo`gtor kmk`yk pd`uru`k`
cdtgmkcekepuk` u`tuc
hdrkt hkmk`
ed`au`ykb
6. Eo`gtor
ekck`k`
kctgvgtks
Egsco`sdpsg
mgjkcuck`
Cdbgjk`ak` md`ak`
HH ekck`k`
fucup
td`tk`a
Mgjkporck` ktku ikctk
rksk
]gmkc
g`ioreksg
cdhutubk` `utrgsg
ed`djk`
ekck`k`
pd`adfkpk` mkrg ;>. Hdrgck`
ed`au`ykb
ekck`k`
ck`mu`ak` ckjorg
iu`asg
sdskkt
bkrgk`. 7. Eo`gtor luejkb `utrgsg mk`
pd`g`acktk` edrksk
cd`yk`a,
Ed`u`lucck`
tgpd
mk`
luejkb
yk`a
hgksk
=. Eo`gtor g`tdrkcsg k`kc ktku ork`atuk sdjkek ekck` 4. Eo`gtor jg`acu`ak` sdjkek
Cdd`aak`k`
u`tuc
ekck`
ekck` 9. Lkmwkjck` pd`aohktk`
mk`
Crke pkmk khmoed`
tg`mkck` tgmkc sdjkek lke
]o`us otot ldjdc
ekck`
@ydrg md`ak`
khmoeg`kj ktku
tk`pk
pktojoag
Curk`a
hdreg`kt
^dehujub
mkrkb
ckpgjdr eujkg rkpub
Mgkrd
mk`
ktku
stdktorrbdk
cujgt
cdrg`a
mk`
pdruhkbk` pgaed`tksg 2. Eo`gtor turaor cujgt
tdrbkmkp ekck`k`
1. Eo`gtor
Cdbgjk`ak`
7. Eo`gtor cdcdrg`ak`, rkehut cuske, mk` eumkb pktkb ;>. Eo`gtor eukj mk` eu`tkb ;;. Eo`gtor ckmkr kjhueg`, totkj protdg`, Bh, mk` ckmkr Bt ;8. Eo`gtor ekck`k` cdsuckk`
rkehut
;6. Eo`gtor
pdrtuehubk`
mk`
89
yk`a fucup hk`ykc
pdrcdehk`ak`
(ro`toc)
;=. Eo`gtor pufkt, cdedrkbk`,
Vukrk usus bgpdrkctgi
mk`
Curk`a`yk g`ioreksg,
co`lu`atgvk
egsg`ioreksg
cdcdrg`ak`
lkrg`ak`
;4. Eo`gtor ckjorg mk` g`tkcd `u`trgsg
Ikctor-ikctor
yk`a
;9. Fktkt
kmk`yk
dmdek,
hdrbuhu`ak` <
bgpdrdegc, bgpdrto`gc pkpgjk
Cdtgmkcekepuk`
jgmkb mk` fkvgtks orkj.
pdeksuck`
ktku
;1. Fktkt lgck jgmkb hdrwkr`k
ed`fdr`k ekck`k` ktku
ekad`tk, sfkrjdt
ed`akhsorpsg zkt-zkt agzg hdrbuhu`ak`
md`ak`
ikctor
hgojoags,
psgcojoags ktku dco`oeg. dco`oeg.
4
Curk`a pd`adtkbuk`
@OF <
Mdig`gsg < ]gmkc
kmk`yk
curk`a`yk coa`gtgi
ktku
g`ioreksg
Hktksk`
ckrkctdrgstgc
< ]dkfbg`a < mgsdksd ^rofdss
C`owjwmad
;.
mgsdksd profdss
sdbuhu`ak`
md`ak` topgf spdsgigc.
@GF <
< tg`ackt pd`adtkbuk` pksgd`
C`owjdmad bdkjtb Hdbkvgor
^ksgd`
td`tk`a prosds pd`ykcgt yk`a spdsgigc
Crgtdrgk Bksgj < <
Hdrgck` pd`gjkgk` td`tk`a
mk` 8.
Ldjksck` pktoigsgojoag mkrg
edevdrhkjgsksgck`
cdjukrak
pd`ykcgt mk` hkakgek`k bkj g`g
kmk`yk
ed`yktkck`
hdrbuhu`ak` md`ak` md`ak` k`ktoeg
pdekbkek`
mk` igsgojoag, md`ak` fkrk yk`a
ekskjkb,
cdtgmkckcurktk` ed`agcutg
g`strucsg,
pdrgjkcu tgmkc sdsukg.
td`tk`a pd`ykcgt, tdpkt. 6.
co`mgsg, proa`osgs
mk`
Akehkrck` tk`mk mk` adlkjk
yk`a hgksk eu`fuj pkmk
Ikctor yk`a hdrbuhu`ak`
proarke
pd`ykcgt, md`ak` fkrk yk`a tdpkt
< cdtdrhktksk` coa`gtgi,
pd`aohktk`
=.
Akehkrck` prosds pd`ykcgt, pd`ykcgt,
81
g`tdrprdtksg g`ioreksg
tdrbkmkp yk`a
curk`a`yk
skjkb,
mk` md`ak` fkrk yk`a tdpkt
^ksgd`
cdjukrak ekepu 4.
cdg`ag`k`
edjkcsk`kck`
pd`ydhkh, md`a`k fkrk yk`a yk`a
u`tuc ed`fkrg g`ioreksg,
prosdmur
tgmkc
mgldjksck` sdfkrk 9.
ed`adtkbug
suehdr-suehdr g`ioreksg.
yk`a tdpkt
mk` fkrk yk`a tdpkt
^ksgd`
cdjukrak ekepu 1. ed`ldjksck` cdehkjg yk`a
Vdmgkck` g`ioreksg pkmk
pksgd` td`tk`a co`mgsg, md`ak` md`ak`
hd`kr
Gmd`tgigcksg cdeu`acg`k`
Bg`mkrg lkeg`k` yk`a
coso`a kpk 2.
Vdmgkck` hkag cdjukrak ktku
mgldjksck` VO g`ioreksg td`tk`a cdekluk`
pdrkwkt/tge
pksgd` md`ak` fkrk yk`a tdpkt
cdsdbktk`
7.
jkg``yk.
bgmup yk`a eu`acg` mgpdrjuck`
Mgscusgck` pdruhkbk` akyk
u`tuc ed`fdakb coepjgcksg mg eksk yk`a kck` mktk`a mk` ktku prosds pd`ao`trojk` pd`ykcgt pd`ykcgt ;>. Mgscusgck` pgjgbk` tdrkpg ktku pd`k`ak`k` ;;. Mucu`a pksgd` u`tuc ed`adcspjorksg ktku ed`mkpktck` sdfo`m o opg`g pg`go` o` md`ak` fkrk yk`a tdpkt ktku mgg`mgcksgck` ;8. Dcspjorksg cdeu`acg`k` suehdr ktku mucu`ak`, mucu`ak`, md`ak` fkrk yk`a tdpkt ;6. Xuluc pksgd` pkmk arup ktku kad`sg mg coeu`gtks jockj, md`ak` fkrk yk`a tdpkt ;=. G`strucsgck` pksgd` ed`ad`kg tk`mk mk` adlkjk u`tuc edjkporck` pkmk pdehdrg pdrkwktk` cdsdbktk`, md`ak`
82
fkrk yk`a tdpkt
HKH GY ^D@T]T^
K. Cdsgepujk`
Cdto Ksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue (CKM) edrupkck` skjkb sktu coepjgksg kcut ME kcghkt mdigsgd`sg boreo`d g`sujg` yk`a tgmkc mgcd`kj mk` hgjk tgmkc ed`mkpkt pd`aohktk` sdadrk kck` ed`ydhkhkck` cdektgk`. Dtgojoag mkrg CKM kmkjkb G`sujg` tgmkc mghdrgck` md`ak` mosgs yk`a curk`a, cdkmkk` skcgt ktku g`idcsg pkmk ME, ek`gidstksg pdrtkek pkmk pd`ykcgt mgkhdtds yk`a tgmkc tdrmgka`osgs mk` tgmkc mgohktg. Kmk tgak akehkrk` cjg`gcs yk`a pd`tg`a pkmk mgkhdtds cdtoksgmosgs ykgtu mdbgmrksg, cdbgjk`ak` djdctrojgt mk` ksgmosgs. Mdbgmrksg mgsdhkhck` edck`gsed ag`lkj mgek`k tuhub tdrlkmg bgpdrajgcdegk, sdbg`aak ag`lkj ed`sdcrdsgck` md`ak` `ktrgue mk` kgr yk`a mgsdhut pojgurg. Cdbgjk`ak` djdctrojgt edrupkck` coepd`sksg mkrg mdigsgd`sg g`sujg`. Vdmk`ack` ksgmosgs kmkjkb pd`g`acktk` pB mk` mggrg`ag ojdb pd`uepuck` hd`mk cdto` mkjk` tuhub. Cdkmkk` cdtoksgmosgs edrupkck` cdkmk` yk`a ededrjuck` hk`ykc pd`ao`trojk` mk` pdek`tkuk` g`sujg` mk` fkgrk` djdctrojgt, ckrd`k hgjk cdcurk`ak` ktku ekjkb tdrlkmg cdjdhgbk` kck` ed`akcghktck` coepjgcksg yk`a sujgt u`tuc mgtk`aaujk`ag.
H. Vkrk`
Hgjk ed`deuck` cjgd` yk`a ME tdtkpg hdjue tdrlkmg CKM hdrgck` g`ioreksg td`tk`a CKM mk` pd`fdakbk` tdrbkmkp CKM. Hgjk ed`deuck` cjgd` md`ak` CKM, sdhkgc`yk sdjkju co`troj pdehdrgk` g`sujg` mk` fkgrk` djdctrojgt sdbg`aak edeg`gekjck` tdrlkmg`yk coepjgcksg yk`a tgmkc mgg`ag`ck`.
87
MKI]KX ^TV]KCK
Akajgk LJ, Qyfcoii L, Khrkbkeso` EL . Kfutd bypdrajyfdegf fr gsgs g` djmdrjy. djmdr jy. Edm Fjg @ Ke 22< ;>96-;>2=, ;>96-;> 2=, 8>>=. Bypdrajyfdegf fr gsds
g` pktgd` ts
wgtb mgkhdtds
edjjgtus. Kedrgfk` Mgkhdtds M gkhdtds
Kssofgktgo`.Mgkhdtds Fkrdvoj81 suppjded`t; 8>>=, V7=-V;>8. Cgtkhfbg KD, Igsbdr L@, Eurpby EH , Xuehkc EL < Mgkhdtgf cdtokfgmosgs k`m tbdbypdrajyfdegf bypdroseojkr `o`cdtotg f stktd. G` Losjg`‗s Losjg`‗s Mgkhdtds Edjjgtus . ;6tb dm. Ckb` FX, Qdgr AF, Dms. ^bgjkmdjpbgk, Jdk & Idhgadr, Idhgadr, ;77=, p.162 ‖ p.162 ‖ 11> Eubkeekm Ikgzg, @dtty D^. IC T@KGX XV Mr Vodtoeo Vurkhkyk. Cujgkb tktkjkcsk`k cdtoksgmosgs mgkhdtgf.8>;8. mgkhdtgf.8>;8. Vkegldk` @ormekrc. Frgtgfkj Fkrd @ursg`a Bk`mhooc . bttp;8 Vgcbk`. 8>>7. Cdtoksgmosgs 8>>7. Cdtoksgmosgs Mgkhdtgcue. Mgkhdtgcue. bttp;8. Qkjjkfd ]E, Ekttbdws MX. Xdfd`t Kmvk`fd g` ]bd Eo`gtorg`a k`m ek`kaded`t oi Mgkhdtgf Cdtokfgmosgs. [L Edm 8>>=3 71 < 116-2>.
