ESTIMASI POPULASI GASTROPODA DAN MAKROBENTOS QURROTU A’INI A’INI PUTRI P UTRI 2013/350018/PN/13331 BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN
Intisari Makrob Makroben eno! o! "an #a!ro #a!ro$o" $o"aa %er&$a %er&$akan kan ke'o%$ ke'o%$ok ok or#an( or#an(!%e !%e )an# )an# $en(n $en(n# # "a'a% "a'a% eko!(! eko!(!e% e% $era(ra $era(ran n !e*&b& !e*&b&n#a n#an n "en#an "en#an $erann $erann)a )a !eba#a !eba#a(( (n"(ka (n"(kaor or "a'a% "a'a% %ene'aa %ene'aa* * k&a'(a k&a'(a!! !&a& !&a& $era(ra $era(ran+ n+ ,eba#a ,eba#a(%a (%ana na ke*("& ke*("&$an $an b(oa b(oa 'a(nn) 'a(nn)aa- $en)eb $en)ebara aran n .en(! .en(! "an $o$&'a!( or#an(!%e $era(ran "(en&kan o'e* !(a (!(ka- k(%(a- "an b(o'o#( $era(ran+ Prak Prak( (k& k&% % (n( (n( ber ber&. &.&a &an n &n& &n&k k %e%$ %e%$e'a e'a.ar .ar(( $ene $enera$ ra$an an %eo %eo"e "e "en# "en#an an $'o $'o &n& &n&k k %akro akrobe ben no! o! "an "an plotless #a!ro #a!ro$o $o"a "a #&na #&na %en#e! %en#e!(% (%a!( a!( $o$&' $o$&'a!( a!( #a!ro #a!ro$o" $o"aa%e%$ %e%$e'a e'a.ar .ar(( kore' kore'a!( a!( anar anaraa bebe bebera$ ra$aa "aa "aa $ara% $ara%e eer er '(n# '(n#k& k&n# n#an an "en# "en#an an $o$& $o$&'a 'a!( !( #a!ro$o"a "an %akrobeno!+ Prak(k&% (n( "('ak&kan $a"a *ar( Ka%(!- 10 A$r(' 201 "en#an 'oka!( $en#a%aan "( ,&n#a( (non#o- ,'e%an+ 4eb(* e$an)a $a"a ba#(an en#a* !&n#a(+,&n#a( (n( er'eak "( baa* $e%&k(%an $en"&"&k "en#an ak!e! %en&.& !&n#a( er.a' "an '(6(n+ D(!ek(ar !&n#a( er"a$a berba#a( 7e#ea!( &%b&*an %e'($&( '&%& $ak&- !e%ak be'&kar- $o*on $(!an#- *(n##a ba%b&+ e#ea!( e#ea!( ba%b& er'(*a $a'(n# r(%b&n "an "o%(na "o%(nan n *(n##a *(n##a %ena&n %ena&n#( #( ba"an ba"an !&n#a( !&n#a(++ Daa Daa $ara%e $ara%eer er )an# )an# "(a%b( "(a%b('' %e'($& %e'($&(( $ara%eer (!(ka !&*&- ke6e$aan ar&!- "eb(- $ara%eer k(%(a DO- 9O2- a'ka'(n(a!- $:"an $ara%eer b(o'o#( b(o'o#( "en!(a! "en!(a! "an "(7er!(a! %akrobeno! %akrobeno! "an "en!(a! #a!ro$o"a #a!ro$o"a++ Da'a% $en#a%b('an "aa $ara%eer !e6ara &%&% "(#&nakan %eo"e $en#a%aan 'an#!&n# "an !e6ara k*&!&! "(#&nakan %eo"e (nk'er &n&k DO- %eo"e a'ka'(%er( &n&k 9O 2 "an "an a'ka a'ka'(n '(n( (a!a!- $: "(&k "(&k&r &r "en# "en#an an $: %eer %eer-- !e"an !e"an#k #kan an "en! "en!( (a! a! "an "an "(7e "(7er!( r!(a a!! %akrobeno! "(a%b(' %en##&nakan %eo"e %eo"e $'o "an "en!(a! #a!ro$o"a #a!ro$o"a "en#an %eo"e %eo"e plotless+ plotless+ Dar( $rak(k&% (n( "a$a "(!(%$&'kan ba*a ba#(an *&'& !&n#a( %e%('(k( k&a'(a! a(r erba(k ber"a!arkan (n#ka "(7er!(a! %akrobeno!n)a+ Kaa k&n6( ;#a!ro$o"a- %akrobeno!- "(7er!(a!- !&n#a(- $ara%eer
PENDAHULUAN Makrobeno! %er&$akan !a'a* !a& ke'o%$ok er$en(n# "a'a% eko!(!e% $era(ran !e*&b&n#an !e*&b&n#an "en#an $erann)a !eba#a( !eba#a( (n"(kaor (n"(kaor "a'a% %ene'aa* %ene'aa* k&a'(a! k&a'(a! !&a& $era(ran+ ,ebab !eba#a(%ana ke*("&$an b(oa 'a(nn)a- $en)ebaran .en(! "an $o$&'a!( ko%&n(a! beno! "(en&kan o'e* !(a (!(ka- k(%(a- "an b(o'o#( $era(ran+
a an"&k &n&k %en#*an6&rkan %akanan+ ,aa 'ar7a bernaa! "en#an (n!an (n!an# # "an "an $a"a $a"a ak ak& & "ea "ea!a !a bern bernaa aa!! "en# "en#an an $ar& $ar&=$ =$ar ar&+ &+ ,(a ,(an) n)aa *er%a *er%a$r $ro" o"( (++
oobeno! a"a'a* !a'a* !a& .en(! "ar( *ean beno!+ Makro>oobeno! %er&$akan !a'a* !a& ke'o%$ok er$en(n# "a'a% eko!(!e% $era(ran !e*&b&n#an "en#an $eranann)a )an# "a$a %en.a"( (n"(kaor $en6e%aran+ :ean beno! !er(n#ka'( "(#&nakan !eba#a( $e&n.&k ba#( $en('a(an k&a'(a! a(r+ @(ka "(e%&kan '(%$e a(r aar- k(.(n#keran#- 6a6(n# $($(* !($& %e%('(k( o$erk&'&% "an !($& ("ak bero$erk&'&% )an# *("&$ "( $era(ran er!eb& %aka "a$a "(#o'on#kan ke"a'a% $era(ran )an# berk&a'(a! !e"an# Pra(( "kk- 200+ Ke$a"aan $o$&'a!( !&a& .en(! aa& ke'o%$ok *ean "a$a "(n)aakan "a'a% ben&k .&%'a* aa& b(o%a!!a $er &n(- aa& $er!a&an '&a! aa& $er!a&an 7o'&%e aa& $er!a&an $enan#ka$an+ Ke$a"aan $o$&'a!( !an#a $en(n# "(&k&r &n&k %en#*(&n# $ro"&k((a! "an &n&k %e%ban"(n#kan ke$a"aan !&a& .en(! "en#an ke$a"aan !e%&a .en(! )an# er"a$a "a'a% &n( er!eb&+ ,&(n- 1?8?+ ,eba#a(%ana ke*("&$an b(oa 'a(nn)a- $en)ebaran .en(! "an $o$&'a!( ko%&n(a! beno! "(en&kan o'e* !(a (!(ka- k(%(a "an b(o'o#( $era(ran+ ,(a (!(k $era(ran !e$er( ke"a'a%an- ke6e$aan ar&!- arnake6era*an "an !&*& a(r+ ,(a k(%(a $era(ran anara 'a(n- kan"&n#an #a! er'ar&- ba*an or#an(k- $:- kan"&n#an *ara "an akor b(o'o#( )an# ber$en#ar&* a"a'a* ko%$o!(!( .en(! *ean "a'a% $era(ran "(anaran)a a"a'a* $ro"&!en )an# %er&$akan !&%ber %akanan ba#( *ean beno! "an *ean $re"aor )an# akan %e%$en#ar&*( ke'(%$a*an beno! ,e)ob&"(an"(- 1??+ T&.&an "ar( $rak(k&% (n( a"a'a* %e%$e'a.ar( $enera$an %eo"e "en#an $'o &n&k %akrobeno! "an plotless #a!ro$o"a #&na %en#e!(%a!( $o$&'a!( #a!ro$o"a , %e%$e'a.ar( kore'a!( anara bebera$a "aa $ara%eer '(n#k&n#an "en#an $o$&'a!( #a!ro$o"a "an %akrobeno!+
METODE Prak(k&% (n( "('ak&kan $a"a *ar( Ka%(!- 10 A$r(' 201 "( !e$an.an# ba"an !&n#a( (non#o %&'a( "ar( *&'&- en#a*- *(n##a *('(r !&n#a(+ ,ebe'&%n)a- $rak(kan "(ba#( ke "a'a% 3 ke'o%$ok be!ar )an# %a!(n#=%a!(n# ke'o%$ok "(e%$akan $a"a !a& ba#(an ba"an !&n#a(+ ,e'an.&n)a 'oka!( ba"an !&n#a( er!eb& "(!eb& "en#an !a!(&n+ Dar( ke'o%$ok be!ar a"( "(ba#( 'a#( ke"a'a% 3 ke'o%$ok ke6(' )an# "(e%$akan $a"a ba#(an berbe"a "ar( !a!(&n )an# "(a%a(+ Ya(& ba#(an *&'& !a!(&n- en#a* !a!(&n- "an *('(r !a!(&n+ A'a )an# "(#&nakan "a'a% $rak(k&% (n( %e'($&( er'en%e)er- $($e ee!- $($e &k&r- ke%$o &n&k %en#*(!a$- #e'a! &k&r- boo' ok!(#en- 6aan $er(- $: %eer- e%ber boo' 6&ka- boo' a(r %(nera'- ro'' %eer- $en##ar(!- bo'a $'a!(k- on#ka ka)&- er%o%eer baan#- !o$a6* aa& ar'o.(- %(kro!ko$- kera! 'abe'- $'ankon ne- !ar(n#an ber(n#ka $'o ka)& 00 6%- "an $en!('+ ,e"an#kan ba*an )an# "(#&nakan %e'($&( !a%$e' a(r !&n#a( !e6&k&$n)a- 1/80 N Na2,2O3- 1/ N NaO:- 1/50 N :2,O- 'ar&an rea#en ok!(#en- 'ar&an Mn,O- (n"(kaor $*eno'$*a'e(n PP- (n"(kaor a%('&%- (n"(kaor MO'ar&an or%a'(n C- "an a&a"e!+
T(a$ ke'o%$ok ke6(' %en#a%b(' "aa $ara%eer "((a$ !a!(&n ke6('+ Daa $ara%eer )an# "(a%b(' %e'($&( $ara%eer (!(ka (!(ka !&*& a(r- !&*& &"ara- ke6e$aan ar&!- "eb( a(r- $ara%eer k(%(a DO- 9O 2 beba!- a'ka'(n(a!- "an P*- "an $ara%eer b(o'o#( "en!(a! "an "(7er!(a! $'ankon+ Un&k $en#a%b('an "aa !&*& a(r "an !&*& &"ara "('ak&kan "en#an er%o%eer baan#+ ,e"an#kan &n&k ke6e$aan ar&! %en##&nakan ro'' %eer )an# "(benan#kan 10 %eer !eara* ar&! a(r "an bo'a $'a!(k )an# "(b(arkan %en#a'(r %en#(k&( ar&! !e$an.an# .arak ro'' %eer+ :a!('n)a "a$a "(*(&n# "en#an "en#an %e%ba#( .arak )an# "(e%$&* bo'a ! "en#an ak& + Aa& b('a "(&'(! r&%&!%)a ! / Un&k "eb(- "('ak&kan $en#&k&ran ke"a'a%an- 'ebar- "an $an.an# !&n#a(+ :a!('n)a "a$a "(*(&n# "en#an %en#a'(kan 'ebar- ke"a'a%an- $an.an#- "an kon!ana "a!ar $era(ran kon!ana "a!ar $era(ran 4&%$&r/Pa!(r 0-? F Ba& 0-8 !ea'n.&n)a *a!('n)a "(ba#( "en#an ak&+ B('a "(&'(! r&%&!n)a R D A 4 Un&k $en#a%b('an "aa DO "('ak&kan "en#an %eo"e (nk'er )an# *a!('n)a "a$a "(*(&n# "en#an r&%&! DO 1000/50 A 0-1 %#/4 "en#an A !eba#a( 7o'&%e (ra!( 1/80 N Na2,2O3+ Meo"e $en#&k&ran 9O 2 beba! "an a'ka'(n(a! a"a'a* %eo"e a'ka'(%er(+ :a!('n)a "a$a "(*(&n# "en#an r&%&! 9O2 beba! 1000/50 Y 1%#/4 "en#an Y !eba#a( 7o'&%e (ra!( 1/ N NaO:+ ,e"an#kan ka"ar a'ka'(n(a! "a$a "(&k&r "en#an r&%&! a'ka'(n(a! 1000/50 GHY 1 %#/4 "en#an G "an Y a"a'a* 7o'&%e (ra!( 1/50N :2,O )an# "(.&%'a*kan+ ,e"an#kan &n&k $en#&k&ran "en!(a! "an "(7er!(a! %akrobeno! "('ak&kan "en#an 6ara %en##&nakan $'o &k&ran 00 6% )an# "('eakkan $a"a ((k eren& $a"a ba"an a(r+ Daera* "( "a'a% $'o (& "(a%a(- a$aka* er"a$a %akrobeno! "( "a'a%n)a+ ¿
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Den!(a! Makrobeno! ("7/4
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D(7er!(a! Makrobeno! Den!(a!
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Para$%t%r +isi, ,&*& U"ara 9
Ki$ia
Biologi
,&n#a( (non#o a"a'a* !&n#a( )an# ber'oka!( "( "aera* ,'e%an+ 4eakn)a bera"a "(baa* $e%&k(%an $en"&"&k "en#an ak!e! %en&.& !&n#a( 6&k&$ er.a' "an '(6(n+ D(!ek(ar !&n#a( er!eb& er"a$a berba#a( 7e#ea!( &%b&*an %&'a( "ar( '&%&- $ak&!e%ak be'&kar- $o*on $(!an#- *(n##a ba%b&+ e#ea!( ba%b& er'(*a $a'(n# r(%b&n "an "o%(nan *(n##a %a%$& %ena&n#( ba"an !&n#a(+ Pa"a e$(an ba"an !&n#a( er"a$a ban)ak !a%$a* )an# er!an#k& "an $a"a ba"an a(rn)a ban)ak er"a$a !a%$a*+ Pa"a &%&%n)a- !&n#a( (n( "(#&nakan %a!)araka &n&k %en&n.an# ak(7(a! !e*ar(=*ar( %ereka+ ,e$er( %an"( "an %e%an6(n#+ ,e'a(n (&- !e6ara ("ak 'an#!&n# "en#an "(e%&kann)a !a%$a*=!a%$a* )an# %en#a'(r "(!e$an.an# !&n#a(- !&n#a( (n( .&#a "(#&nakan %a!)araka &n&k %e%b&an# '(%ba* %ereka+ Karena bebera$a ak(7(a! (&'a*a(r !&n#a( er'(*a a#ak ker&* "en#an arna k*a!n)a )an# ke6ok'aan+ Na%&n $a"a ba#(an $(n##(r !&n#a(- a(r a%$ak .ern(* "en#an ke"a'a% !ek(ar 5=106%+ ,&n#a( (non#o %e%('(k( "a!ar )an# ber$a!(r *a'&! "an berba&+ Den#an &k&ran ba& )an# bera#a%+ M&'a( "ar( ker(k(' *(n##a ba&an be!ar+ ,aa "('ak&kan $en#a%aan- 6&a6a "(!ek(ar !a!(&n %en"&n# *(n##a ak*(rn)a &r&n *&.an 6&k&$ "era!+
Densitas Makrobentos vs Stasiun
Densitas Makrobentos (idv/m²)
100 50 21 0
83 42
ba(k- !e*(n##a $era(ran %en.a"( ka)a n&r(!(+ @(ka "(e'&!&r( 'eb(* .a&*- $en#a%aan %e%an# "('ak&kan !aa %&!(% *&.an+ ,e*(n##a $ro!e! &$e''(n# (n( !&"a* er.a"( berka'(= ka'( "( !a!(&n 2 "an !e6ara ("ak 'an#!&n# e'a* %e%$erka)a n&r(en $a"a !a!(&n 2+ Karena kan"&n#an n&r(en "( !a!(&n 2 "($erk(rakan 6&k&$ (n##(- %aka *a' er!eb& &r& %en(n#kakan kebera"aan $o$&'a!( %akrobeno! !ebab %ak*'&k *("&$ %e%b&&*kan n&r(!( )an# 6&k&$ &n&k %en"&k&n# "a)a *("&$n)a+ ,e'a(n (& ar&! !a!(&n 2 'eb(* 'a%ba "ara($a"a ar&! "( !a!(&n 3+ :a' er!eb& %e%b&a kebera"aan n&r(!( )an# erkan"&n# "( !a!(&n 2 er.a#a "an ("ak %&"a* 'ar& ber!a%a a(r ke !a!(&n 3- !e'a(n (& ar&! )an# 6&k&$ 'a%ba (n( %e%b&a %akrobeno! ("ak %&"a* erbaa ar&! ke !a!(&n 3+
Densitas Gastropoda 10
8 5
Densitas Gastropoda (idv/)
5 0 0 s ta siu n 1 s ta s iu n 2 s ta s iu n 3
Diversitas Makrobentos vs Stasiun
Diversitas Makrobentos (idv/m²)
2!5 2 1!5 1 0!5 0
1!"2 0!"1
1!2"
KESIMPULAN Dar( !eran#ka(an ke#(aan $en#a%aan "an ana'(!(! er*a"a$ %akrobeno! "an #a!ro$o"a %e'a'&( %eo"e $'o %akrobeno! "an plotless #a!ro$"a- "a$a "(!(%$&'kan ba*a !a!(&n 1 a"a'a* !a!(&n erba(k ber"a!arkan (n#ka "(7er!(a! %akrobeno!n)a+
Me!k($&n (n#ka "en!(a!n)a ren"a*+ :a' er!eb& "($en#ar&*( o'e* (n#ka DO )an# $a'(n# (n##( "(anara !a!(&n 'a(n "an (n#ka 9O2 )an# %a!(* "(baa* a%ban# baa! !)ara ber'an#!&n#n)a ke*("&$an or#an(!%e $era(ran+ Na%&n n&r(!( )an# erkan"&n# ren"a* karena a"an)a $en6e%aran !a%$a* "( *&'& !&n#a(+ ,e*(n##a "en!(a!n)a ren"a* karena er.a"( ko%$e(!( %en"a$akan n&r(!( $a'(n# ban)ak "( !a!(&n (n(+
DA+TAR PUSTAKA A!"ak- 9+ 200+ :("ro'o#( "an Pen#e'o'aan Daera* A'(ran ,&n#a(+ oobeno!+ IPB+ Bo#or+ ar"*ana- e+ a'+ 1??0+ Tak!ono%( A7erebraa Pen#anar Prak(k&% 4aboraor(&%+ UI Pre!!+ @akara+
