LABORATORIUM LABORATORIUM PILOT PLANT P LANT SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
MODUL
: Destilasi Batch
PEMBIMBING
: D! I! Ah"a# Ri$a%#i& MSc
Praktikum
: 26 N'(e")e 2015
Penyerahan (Laporan) :1* Dese")e 2015
+leh : Keompok
: 5 #a% 6
Nama
: 1! ,e% -.ti ,i%a%ti
NIM!11*2*01
2! L.h$iah Si%ata
NIM!11*2*01*
Kea!
! Na)ila i#iat N'(ea
NIM!11*2*015
*! Na#hia Ri$a%i
NIM!11*2*016
: A T,-B
PROGRAM "TUDI DIPLOMA I# TEKNIK KIMIA PRODUK"I BER"I$ %URU"AN TEKNIK KIMIA POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANDUNG
&'
Kata Pen*antar
Se3ala 4.i #a% s.. 4e%.lis 4a%ata% eha#iat Allah S7t! ,ae%a #e%3a% i8i% #a% a.%ia9Na 4e%.lis #a4at "e%elesaia% la4'a% i%i #e%3a% la%ca! La4'a% i%i #is.s.% .%t. "e"e%.hi salah sat. t.3as "ata .liah -ati." La)'at'i." Te%i ,i"ia 4a#a se"este li"a ..sa% Te%i ,i"ia 4'3a" st.#i D9I Te%i ,i"ia -'#.si Besih -'lite%i Ne3ei Ba%#.%3! A#a4.% .#.l #ai la4'a% i%i a#alah La4'a% -ati." Destilasi Batch;! Dala" "e%.s.% la4'a% i%i& 4e%.lis "e"4e'leh )a%a )i")i%3a% #ai )e)a3ai 4iha! U%t. it.& 4e%.lis i%3i% "e%3.ca4a% tei"aasih e4a#a: 1! D! I! Ah"a# Ri$a%#i& MSc& sela. #'se% Te%i ,i"ia -'lite%i Ne3ei Ba%#.%3 a%3 telah "e")i")i%3 4e%.lis #ala" "e%.s.% la4'a% i%i! 2! Sel..h ea% #i elas A9T,-B a%3 telah "e")a%t. #a% "e")eia% aaha% .%t. 4e%.s.%a% la4'a% i%i! ! +a%3 t.a a%3 telah "e")eia% #''%3a% "'il #ala" ela%caa% 4e%.s.%a% la4'a% i%i! *! Se".a 4iha a%3 telah "e")a%t.& "e")i")i%3 #a% "e")eia% aaha% #ala" 4e%.s.%a% la4'a% i%i! Se"'3a )a%t.a% #a% )i")i%3a% seta #''%3a% #i)alas 'leh Allah S7t! -e%.lis "e%a#ai )ah7a #ala" 4e%.s.%a% la4'a% i%i te#a4at )a%a e.a%3a% ae%a ete)atasa% e"a"4.a% 4e%.lis! +leh ae%a it.& 4e%.lis "e%3haa4a% saa% #a% iti a%3 si$at%a "e")a%3.% #ai se".a 4iha a3a 4e%.lis #a4at "e"4e)aii #a% "e%i%3ata% e"a"4.a% #ii #i "asa a%3 aa% #ata%3! Se"'3a la4'a% i%i #a4at "e")eia% "a%$aat h.s.s%a )a3i 4e%.lis #a% "e%a")ah 4e%3etah.a% ."."%a )a3i el.a3a )esa -'lite%i Ne3ei Ba%#.%3!
Ba%#.%3& 26 N'(e")e 2015
-e%.lis
BAB I PENDA$ULUAN
+ Latar Beakan*
-e"isaha% '"4'%e% a%3 "e"ilii si$at $isi ata. i"ia7i "e.4aa% salah sat. 4'ses a%3 sei%3 #i."4ai 4a#a 4'ses te%i i"ia selai% 4e%ca"4.a%& e(a4'asi #ll! Distilasi ata. #ie%al .3a 4e%.li%3a% )et..a% .%t. "e%i%3ata% '%se%tasi ata. e".%ia% sat. ata. le)ih '"4'%e% a%3 )iasa%a 4'#.%a "e"ilii titi #i#ih le)ih e%#ah <4'#. atas=! Se#a%3a% a%3 "e"ilii titi #i#ih le)ih ti%33i aa% #i4e'leh 4a#a 4'#. )a7ah #a% ia le)ih #ai #.a '"4'%e% aa% "e.4aa% esi#.! -e%33.%aa% 4e"a%as )iasa%a ..s ata. stea" sa%3at )esa 4e%3a.h%a teha#a4 a%ca%3 )a%3.% #ai 4ealata%%a se%#ii! Dala" 4ate%a
#istilasi #ilasa%aa% "e%..t salah9sat. #ai #.a "et'#a .ta"a!
Met'#a 4eta"a )e#asaa% atas 4e")e%t.a% .a4 #e%3a% "e%#i#iha% 8at cai a%3 aa% #i4isaha% e".#ia% "e%3e").%a% .a4 ta%4a a#a 8at cai a%3 e")ali e )ea%a #i#ih! Met'#a i%i "e.4aa% "et'#a #istilasi a%3 ti#a "e"aai e$l.>! Met'#a e#.a )e#asaa% atas 4e%3e")alia% se)a3ia% #ai '%#e%sat e )ea%a #i#ih #ala" s.at. '%#isi tete%t. sehi%33a 8at cai a%3 #ie")alia% i%i #a4at )e'%ta #e%3a% )ai #e%3a% .a4 a%3 "e%3ali e atas "e%.. '%#e%s'! Masi%39"asi%3 "et'#a i%i #a4at #ila.a% #ala" 4'ses '%ti%. "a.4.% 4'ses t."4a! +& Tu,uan
Setelah "ela.a% 4ec')aa% i%i& a%#a #ihaa4a% #a4at • • •
Me%ala%a% 4ealata% .%it #estilasi #e%3a% a"a% #a% )e%a Ma"4. "e%elasa% $l'7 #ia3a" .%it #estilasi secaa )ai #a% )e%a Me"4eiaa% e).t.ha% ..s
BAB II TIN%AUAN PU"TAKA
&+ Lan-a!an Teori
Destilasia#alahs.at. "et'#e4e"isaha%H.."Ra'.lt)e#asaa%4e)e#aa% titi6 #i#ih!U%t."e")ahas#estilasi4el.#i4elaai4'ses eseti")a%3a%i%i
eseti")a%3a%$asa.a49cai?
te3a%t.%34a#atea%a%.a4la.ta%!H.."Ra'.lt#i3.%aa%.%t.6
"e%elasa% $e%'"e%a a%3 tea#i 4a#a 4'ses 4e"isaha% a%3 "e%33.%aa% "et'#e #estilasi? "e%elasa% )ah7a tea%a% .a4 s.at. '"4'%e% a%3 "e%3.a4 #ala" la.ta% sa"a#e%3a%tea%a%.a4'"4'%e%".%i#ialia%$asi"'l
'"4'%e%a%3
"e%3.a4
#ala"la.ta%4a#as.h.a%3sa"a
tecatat4a#ate"'"etea%3
#ite"4ata%4a#ate"4at
tea#i%a4'ses#estilasia#alahsa"a#e%3a%titi#i#ih#estilat
Di!tia!i Berke!inam.un*an ( %eni! /rak!iona!i)
Distilasi )eesi%a").%3a% "e.4aa% e%is .%it #istilasi a%3 4ali%3 sei%3 #i3.%aa% 'leh i%#.sti i"ia! De%3a% caa "e"4e)a%a taha4 4e".aa% )i#a%3 se%t.h a%ta $asa se4a%a%3 'l'"& 4e"isaha% a%3 #ihasila% aa% a.h le)ih )ai #i)a%#i%3a% #e%3a% '4easi taha4 t.%33al! Casi'%asi it. se%#ii )ela%3s.%3 #ala" 'l'" $asi'%asi& se).ah sili%#e te3a #i#ala"%a #ile%3a4i )ai .%33.% ata. seat a%3 #i).at .%t. "e"ac. 4ese%t.ha% a%ta $asa cai #a% $asa .a4! U"4a% 4a#a taha4 a7al 4e%3."4a%a% )e7..# cai #i"as.a% e#ala" 'l'" teleta 4a#a 4ete%3aha% atas 'l'"! -'#. atas aa aa% '"4'%e% a%3 le)ih ".#ah te.a4a% #i4e'leh 4a#a 4.%ca 'l'" #a% 4'#. )a7ah aa aa% '"4'%e% a%3 s.lit te.a4a% #i4e'leh 4a#a )a3ia% #asa 'l'"! Ba3ia% 'l'" #i atas titi 4e%3."4a%a% #ise).t )a3ia% 4e%i%3ata%
< stripping section ata. exhausting section=! Casa .a4 #ihasila% 'leh ea 4e"a%as .la%3 a%3 teleta 4a#a )a3ia% #asa 'l'"! Casa cai #i#ala" )a3ia% 4e%i%3ata% #ihasila% 'leh ea 4e%#i%3i% a%3 teleta #eat )a3ia% 4.c. 'l'" te"4at 4a%as a%3 "e%etai 4'ses #ile%a4a%! -a#a setia4 seat/4elat #i #ala" 'l'" .a4 )ese%t.ha% #e%3a% caia% #a% "assa #i4et.aa%? ait. "assa 4e%s.s.% a%3 le)ih s.a #i.a4a% #i4i%#aha% #ai $asa .a4 e $asa cai #a% "assa 4e%s.s.% a%3 le)ih ".#ah #i.a4a% #i4i%#aha% #ai $asa cai e $asa .a4! Di si%i ta"4a tea#i 4e%..%a% s.h. se4a%a%3 'l'" #ai )a3ia% )a7ah e atas a%3 )eai)at tea#i 4e%3e").%a% se)el." ca"4.aa% .a4 "e%ca4ai 4.c. 'l'" #a% 4e%#i%3i%& te%t. saa )etiti e").% le)ih ti%33i aa% tee").%a% tele)ih #ah.l.!
BAB III METODOLODI PER0OBAAN
1+ Aat -an Bahan
1! U%it Destilasi
Ga")a 1! Cl'7sheet Distilati'% 2! ! *! 5! 6! !
Eta%'l9ai #." Ai 4e%#i%3i% Stea" St'47atch Sela%3 -'"4a ta%3a% 4'ta)le
1+& 0ara Ker,a 1+&+ Tahap "tart2Up
a! -e%3isia% ."4a% U"4a% #i"as.a% e #ala" la).
3! -e%3alia% stea" -e%3alia% stea" #i)eia% a3a tea#i 4'ses 4e"a%asa% 4a#a )a3ia% 4e"a%as! -e%3isia% stea" #ila.a% #e%3a caa "e").a (al(e stea" 4a#a 4i4a )e7a%a a).9 a). #e%3a% la. ali .a4 a%3 ha.s te'%t'l #a% #a4at telihat 4a#a CI 2*! -a#a '4easi #istilasi ali i%i ti#a #ila.a% 4e%3alia% stea" e 4eheate& sehi%33a ti#a a#a%a 4e"a%asa% a7al teha#a4 ."4a%!
1+&+& Tahap Opera!i
-a#a taha4 i%i #ila.a% 4'ses #istilasi setelah .%it #istilasi #i4esia4a% #e%3a% "ela.a% stat9.4 tele)ih #ah.l.! -a#a taha4 i%i ."4a% "e%3ala"i s.at. a%3aia% 4ela.a% .%t. #i".%ia%!-a#a 4ec')aa% i%i la. ."4a% 1*0 l/a"! ,e".#ia% ."4a% aa% "as. e#ala" ta%3i 4e%a"4.%3a% T! De%3a% 4'"4a - ."4a% t'tal!
1+&+1 Tahap "hut Do3n
a! Me"atia% la. ali stea" Setelah '4easi selesai .%t. "e%3ahii 4'ses #istilasi "aa 4a#a taha4 sh.t #'7% hal .ta"a a%3 ha.s #i"atia% a#alah la. ali stea"! Hal i%i #ila.a% a3a s.h. 4a#a .%it #istilasi te'%t'l secaa )ai #a% ti#a aa% tea#i '(e9heati%3!
)! Me"atia% 4'"4a - -'"4a - #a4at #i"atia% "elal.i '%t'l 4a%el ia te"4eat. 4a#a ta%3i 4e%a"4.%3a% s.#ah "e%ca4ai 50F! Hal i%i #ila.a% a3a s.h. ahi ti#a telal. ti%33i sehi%33a 4ealata% aa% a"a% 4a#a 4'ses 4e%3's'%3a% <4e").a%3a%= .3a #i"as.#a% .%t. esela"ata% '4eat'!
c! Me"atia% t'")'l 4'7e 4a#a '%t'l 4a%el Me"atia% '%t'l 4a%el #ila.a% ia s.#ah ti#a a#a i%st."e% lai% a%3 #i3.%aa%
#! Me%.t.4 (al(e .#aa tea%
1+&+4 Pa-a Pane Pen*en-ai -'ses -e"a%asa% • 1! Tea% t'")'l hia. 4a#a 4'"4a ."4a% -2 #a% al. la. 150 lt a"
hi%33a ."4a% "as. e 4eheate! 2! B.a at.4 ..s stea" eaah 4e"a%as ".la 4eheate <at.4 ..s e aah Re)'ile/CCE "asih tet.t.4=& #i4eiaa% ti#a sa"4ai telal. )esa ta4i s.#ah "e%#i#ih te"4eat. ."4a% "as. 5 95 ' ! -ehatia% a%3a% sa"4ai 4e"a%as ".la/4eheate #ala" ea#aa% 's'%3/ ta%4a ."4a% sela"a "asih a#a 4e"a%asa% / ..s! *! Setelah ."4a% 4a#a ta%3i ."4a% ha)is& "atia% 4'"4a ."4a% -2 #a% t.t.4 at.4 ..s stea" eaah 4e"a%as ".la 4eheate! 5! M.lai st'4 7atch se)a3ai t 0 6! Setelah 5 "e%it s.#ah a#a hasil #ai ."4a% #i ta%3i s."4 a")il 4e")acaa% 4a#a TR 2& TI 25& TR 26! ! Tea%/ %alaa% 4'"4a s."4/ ta"4.%3 - at. la. *00 lt/a" 4a#a CI2 ! B.a at.4 ..s a%3 "e%.. e)'ile T112* 4a#a te"'"ete l'al setelah i%te(al 0 "e%it! @! A")il 4e")acaa% 4a#a TR 2! TI 25& TR 26 setia4 i%te(al 5 "e%it sela"a 0 "e%it!
/o35hart
BAB I# M.lai $A"IL DAN PENGAMATAN
4+ Data Per5o.aan
-esia4a% '
Te"4eat. ai 4e%#i%3i% #i set;
:
-e)e#aa% tea%a% 'l'" #i set;
: 11 c"H3 -'ses
No+
6aktu
/I &4
/I &8
TR &
TR &1
(menit)
(k*7h)
(L7,am
(o0)
(o0)
-'#. @ 10 @ 10 @@ 12
(o0) @6 @ @
@0 @2&5 @2&5
@@ 12 @@ 1 @&* 11&* -'#.
@ @@ @&6
@ @ @2&2
@ @ &*
1! 2! !
0 5 10
56 56 5
) 00 00 00
*! 5!
15 20 Rata 9 ata
5 5 5
00 00 00
4+& $a!i Pen*amatan Unit De!tia!i
TR
TI &
&9 Re$l.> (o0)
TI && (o0)
Destilat
Selesai
U%it Destilasi
U%it #estilasi i%i #i)a3i #ala" 5 set' #a" 1 siste" '%t'l 4e%3e%#ali se)a3ai )ei.t :
1! 2! ! *! 5! 6!
Set' 1 a#alah set' 4e%3."4a%a% / $ee# aea! Set' 2 a#alah set' al. 8at a%3 #i4a%asa%! Set' a#alah set' al. 4e"a%as! Set' * a#alah set' 'l'" $asi'%asi! Set' 5 a#alah set' siste" 4e%#i%3i%! Siste" '%t'l 4e%3e%#ali!
4+&+& Pen,ea!an
1! Set' 1
Set' 1 "e.4aa% set' a%3 "e%..a% 4e%3alia% ."4a%!-a#a set' i%i te#a4at 4e%a"4.%3 ."4a% T1 #a% 4'"4a a%3 "e%3alia% ."4a% "e%.. 4eheate! Setelah it. ."4a% aa% "as. e#ala" 'l'" $asi'%asi!A#a4.% etea%3a% alat 4a#a 3a")a #iatas a#alah se)a3ai )ei.t : a= T1
$=TR91
2! Set' 2
Set' 2"e%.%.a% e)'ilea%3 )e$.%3si .%t. "e"a%asa% e")ali ."4a%! U"4a% i%i aa% teta"4.%3 4a#a s."4ta% ! U"4a% a%3 teta"4.%3 4a#a "e.4aa% ."'a% a%3 aa% #a% s.#ah #i4a%asa% 4a#a CCE! -'ses 4e"a%asa% a%3 tea#i ait. ."4a% aa% #ialia% 'leh - #a% caia% aa% "e%3ali #i )a3ia% atas CCE <2=! Lal.& caia% 4a%as aa% t..% #a% "as. e s."4ta%! aia% 4a%as aa% '%ta #e%3a% caia% #i%3i% #ala" s."4ta% sehi%33a caia% #ala" s."4ta% aa% "e%3ala"i e%aia% s.h.! ,e%aia% s.h. i%i aa% "e.)ah $asa caia% "e%a#i .a4! Ua4 aa% "e%3.a4 #a% "e"as.i 'l'" $asi'%asi! A#a4.% etea%3a% alat 4a#a sect' 2 a#alah se)a3ai )ei.t : a= - <-'"4a Si.lasi= U%t. "e%3alia% caia% #ai ta%3i 4e%a"4.%3
c= 2
Set' "e%.%.a% alia% stea" a%3 aa% #i3.%aa% .%t. "e"a%asa% e)'ile! -'ses )ela%3s.%3 #e%3a% "e").a alia% stea"& lal. "e").a alia% .#aa tea% 4a#a 4a%el c'%t'l! ,e".#ia% c'%t'l (al(e aa% te).a 4a#a ).aa% tete%t. a%3 "e%3at. la. ali stea" a%3 aa% "as. e CCE! A#a4.% etea%3a% alat 4a#a sect' a#alah se)a3ai )ei.t : a= 2
)= A2
Sect' * "e%.%.a% 'l'" $asi'%asi& #i"a%a te a#i '%ta A%taa $l.i#a 4a%as #a% $l.i#a #i%3i%! Cl.i#a 4a%as "e.4aa% .a4 #ai hasil 4e"a%asa% ."4a% a%3 aa% "e%3.a4 eatas #a% '%ta #e%3a% $l.i#a #i%3i% a%3 "e%3ali #ai atas e)a7ah! Ua4 a%3 te'%#e%sasi aa% "e%3ali "elal.i le"4e%3 "e")e%t. $il" ti4is a%3 aa% e")ali '%ta #e%3a% .a4 4a%as! A#a4.% etea%3a% alat a%3 te#a4at 4a#a set' * a#alah se)a3ai )ei.t : a= TR
#= -R 1 <'l."% B'tt'" A)s'l.te -ess.e= U%t. "e%3.. tea%a% 4a#a 'l'" )a3ia% )a7ah! e= -R 6 <'l."% T'4 A)s'l.te -ess.e= U%t. "e%3.. tea%a% 4a#a )a3ia% atas 'l'" #istilasi! 5! Set' 5
Set' 5 "e%.%.a% sste" 4e%#i%3i%a%! Di"a%a ."4a% a%3 telah #i4a%asa% aa% "e%a#i .a4 #a% "as. e 'l'" $asi'%asi! Lal. .a4 aa% #i#i%3%a% 'leh '%#e%s' #a% aa% te'%#e%sasi lal. #ita"4.%3 #ala" 4e%a"4.%3 #estilat se)a3ai 4'#.! A#a4.% etea%3a% alat 4a#a set' 5 a#alah se)a3ai )ei.t : a= 1 <'%#e%se= Se)a3ai te"4at tea#i%a 4e.)aha% .a4 #istilat "e%a#i caia% #iae%aa% a#a%a 4e%ea4a% 4a%as 'leh ai 4e%#i%3i% a%3 "as. )= 1 <'%#e%se ''li%3 ate= U%t. "e%3at. la. ali ai 4e%#i%3i% a%3 "as. e '%#e%s' c= C1* <'%#e%s' ''li%3 ate= U%t. "e%3.. la. ali ai 4e%#i%3i% a%3 "as. e '%#e%s' #= C5 <'%#e%s' ''li%3 ate $l'7 ')se(e= U%t. "e%3at. la. ali ai 4e%#i%3i% secaa 't'"atis ae%a #ih.).%3a% #e%3a% la. stea" a%3 "as. e CCE! e= TR 1 <'%#e%s' 7ate S.44l Te"4eat.e= U%t. "e%3.. te"4eat. ai 4e%#i%3i% a%3 "as. e '%#e%s' $= TR Te"4eat.e at 'l."% E%t= U%t. "e%3.. te"4eat. caia% a%3 #ie$l.>! 3= TI 22 <'%#e%s' +.tlet Distilate Te"4at.e= U%t. "e%3.. te"4eat. #istilat a%3 el.a #ai '%#e%s'
h= TIA 21 <'%#e%s' e%t Hi3h Ala"= U%t. "e%3... te"4eat. 4a#a '%#e%s' #i"a%a ia s.h.%a telal. ti%33i "aa ala" aa% "e%ala! i= TR <'%#e%s' ate +.tlet= U%t. "e%3.. s.h. ai 4e%#i%3i% a%3 el.a #ai '%#e%s'!
6! Siste" '%t'l 4e%3e%#ali Set' 6 "e%.%.a% 4a%el 4e%3'%t'l #ai sel..h '4eas i #estilasi! A#a4.% alat a%3 teli)at #ala" siste" c'%t'l 4e%3e%#ali a#alah se)a3ai )ei.t : a= 2 '%t'lle ait. -ess.e '%t'lle
,al' a%3 #ile4as 'leh stea" 4e"a%as #i.".sa% se)a3ai )ei.t! ,al' le4as stea" ,al' a7al stea" ,al' ,'%#e%sat ,al' ,'%#e%sasi ,al' stea" sisa
Q1=[ m1 × hg ] −[ m1 a × hf ]+ [ m1 a ×h fg ]− [ m 1 b × hgb ] De%3a% h3 E%e3i #ala"
h3) E%e3i #ala" e%tal4i ..s sisa 4a#a te"4eat. ..s el.a Keterangan, bisa diasumsikan semua kukus mengalami kondensasi. m 1b = 0 dan m1a = m1 Men*hitun* kaor a3a !team Q awal steam =[ m1 × h g ]
m atau /I &4 (k*7,am) 56
TR &1 ( '0) 10
h* (k,7k*) 26&
: (k,7,am) 1550*&2
h< (k,7k*) 6&@2
: (k,7,am) 2110&52
Men*hitun* Kaor kon-en!at Q kondensat =[ m 1 a × hf ]
m atau /I &; (k*7,am) 56
TI & ( '0) @0
Men*hitun* Kaor Kon-en!a!i Q kondensasi= [ m1 a ×h fg ]
h fg=hg −h f m atau /I &; (k*7,am) 56
h<* (k,7k*) 2@1&
: (k,7,am) 1@@&6
Men*hitun* Kaor epa! !team Q1=Q awal steam−Q ko ndensat + Q kondensasi
%eni! Kaor a7al stea" ,'%#e%sat ,'%#e%sasi
Niai : (k,7,am) 1550*&2 2110&52 1@@&6
: epa! !team (k,7,am) 26@&6
Kaor Diterima ,al' a%3 #itei"a 'leh ."4a% #a4at #i.".sa% se)a3ai )ei.t! Q 2 =[ m3 × Cp2 × dT 2 ] + [ m 4 × λ ] + [ m4 × Cp3 × dT 3 ]
De%3a%& " "* 42 4 #T2 #T
la. "assa 4'#. #ala" <3/a"= la. "assa '%#e%sat <3/a"= ,a4asitas 4a%as ."4a% 4a#a te"4eat. TI22 ,a4asitas 4a%as ."4a% a%3 aa% te.a4a% 4a#a te"4eat. ."4a% TI22 Selisih te"4eat. ."4a% #a% 4'#. TI229TR21 Selisih te"4eat. 4'#. #a% 4e%3.a4a% TR219TR26
Qa=[ m3 ×Cp2 × dT 2 ]
/I &8 (L7,am)
= (k*7m1)
La,u air ma!!a /I
0p& (k,7k*+K
00
@@&5
TR & ('0)
-T& ('K)
:a (k,7h)
88
97
@
0&@15
)
&8 (k*7h) (m1) 2@@&55
TI && ('0)
&2
Q b=[ m4 × λ ]
La,u air ma!!a kon-en!at /I
> Pa-a TI & (k%7k*)
:. (k,7h)
226@&1@
1@&6
&; (k*7h) (m4) &2
Q c =[ m4 ×Cp3 ×dT 3 ]
La,u air ma!!a kon-en!at /I &; (k*7h)
0p1 (k,7k*+K)
TR & ('0)
TR &9 ('0)
-T1 ('K)
2,11
97
96
1
:5 (k,7h)
(m4) 87,2
Q 2 =Qa+ Qb+ Qc
:a (k,7h) 0&@15
:. (k,7h) 1@&6
:5 (k,7h)
204,03
%umah pana! !team yan* -i.utuhkan (: !e) Qse =Q 1 −Q 2 ? 26@&6 9 2066&565 ? 521@&555
:& (k,7h) 2066&565
204,03
BAB # PEMBA$A"AN DAN KE"IMPULAN
+ Pem.aha!an
-ec')aa% ali i%i "e.4aa% 4ec')aa% #e%3a% "'#.l Distilasi #e%3a% t..a% a3a 4atia% #a4at "e%ala%a% 4'ses #istilasi #a% "a"4. "e"4eiaa% e).t.ha% stea" 4a#a .%it #istilasi! Destilasi a#alah caa 4e"isaha% 8at cai #ai ca"4.a%%a )e#asaa% 4e)e#aa% titi #i#ih ata. )e#asaa% e"a4.a% 8at .%t. "e%3.a4! Di"a%a 8at cai #i4a%asa% hi%33a titi #i#ih%a& seta "e%3alia% .a4 e #ala" alat 4e%#i%3i% <'%#e%s'= #a% "e%3."4.la% hasil 4e%3e").%a% se)a3ai 8at cai! -a#a '%#e%s' #i3.%aa% ai a%3 "e%3ali se)a3ai 4e%#i%3i%! Ai 4a#a '%#e%s' #ialia% #ai )a7ah e atas& hal i%i )et..a% s.4aa ai tese).t #a4at "e%3isi sel..h )a3ia% 4a#a '%#e%s' sehi%33a aa% #ihasila% 4'ses 4e%#i%3i%a% a%3 se"4.%a! Saat s.h. #i%aia% cai a% a%3 titi #i#ih%a le)ih e%#ah aa% "e%3.a4 tele)ih #ah.l.! Ua4 i%i aa% #ialia% #a% e".#ia% #i#i%3i%a% sehi%33a e")ali "e%a#i caia% a%3 #ita"4.%3 4a#a 7a#ah te4isah! at a%3 titi #i#ih%a le)ih ti%33i "asih teti%33al 4a#a 7a#ah se".la! -i%si4 #ai #estilasi a#alah 4e%3.a4a% #a% 4e%3e").%a% e")ali .a4%a #ai tea%a% #a% s.h. tete%t.! T..a% #ai #estilasi a#alah 4e".%ia% 8at cai 4a#a titi #i#ih%a #a% "e"isaha% caia% #ai 8at 4a#at! Ua4 a%3 #iel.aa% #ai ca"4.a% #ise).t se)a3ai .a4 )e)as! ,'%#e%sat a%3 at.h se)a3ai #estilat #a% )a3ia% cai a%3 ti#a "e%3.a4 se)a3ai esi#.! A4a)ila a%3 #ii%3i%a% a#alah )a3ia% )a3ia% ca"4.a%%a a%3 ti#a te.a4a% #a% ).a% #estilat%a "aa 4'ses tese).t #i%a"aa% 4e%3e%tala% #e%3a% e(a4'asi! Destilasi a#alah se).ah a4liasi a%3 "e%3i.ti 4i%si494i%si4 ;Jia s.at. 8at #ala" la.ta% ti#a sa"a9sa"a "e%3.a4& "aa .a4 la.ta% aa% "e"4.%ai '"4'%e% a%3 )e)e#a #e%3a% la.ta%asli%a;! Jia salah sat. 8at "e%3.a4 #a% a%3 lai% ti#a& 4e"isaha% #a4at tea#i se"4.%a! Teta4i ia e#.a 8at "e%3.a4 teta4i ti#a sa"a& "aa 4e"isah%a ha%a aa% tea#i se)a3ia%& aa% teta4i #estilat ata. 4'#. aa% "e%a#i aa 4a#a s.at. '"4'%e% #ai 4a#a la.ta% asli%a! Destilasi #a4at #i)e#aa% "e%a#i )e)ea4a "aca"& ait.: •
Destilasi )iasa& ."."%a #e%3a% "e%aia% s.h.! Tea%a% .a4%a #iatas caia% ata.
•
tea%a% at"'s$e
•
Destilasi )eti%3at ata. #estilasi te$asi ait. 4'ses a%3 '"4'%e%9'"4'%e%%a secaa )eti%3at #i.a4a% #a% #ie").%a%! -e%.li%3a% Te$asi )e)e#a #ai #istilasi )iasa& ae%a a#a 'l'" $asi%asi #i "a%a a#a 4'ses e$l.s! Re$l. 4'ses 4e%.li%3a% #ila.a% .%t. 4e"isaha% ca"4.a% eta%'l9ai #a4at tea#i #e%3a% )ai! C.%3si 'l'" $asi%asi sehi%33a '%ta a%taa caia% #e%3a% .a4 se#iit le)ih la"a! Sehi%33a '"4'%e% a%3 le)ih i%3a% #e%3a% titi #i#ih a%3 le)ih e%#ah )e%#.%3a% aa% te.s "e%3.a4 e '%#e%s'! Le)ih '"4'%e% Se#a%3a%a% #istilat )esat aa% e")ali "e%a#i la).! Destilasi i%i )iasa%a #i3.%aa% .%t. "e"isaha% ca"4.a% 8at cai a%3 "e"4.%ai 4e)e#aa% titi #i#ih ti#a )e)e#a )a%a! Distilasi e%is i%i #a4at #i3.%aa% .%t. "e"isaha% 8at a%3 "e"4.%ai e%ta%3 4e)e#aa% titi #i#ih hi%33a #i )a7ah 00! Destilasi i%i .3a #ilasa%aa% 4a#a tea%a% teta4! -a#a 4ec')aa% a%3 #ila.a% sa"4le a%3 #i3.%aa% a#alah ca"4.a% ai #a% eta%'l! a"4.a% i%i )esi$at a8e't'$ ae%a e#.a la.ta% tese).t "e"4.%ai titi #i#ih a%3 ha"4i sa"a sehi%33a aa% s.lit .%t. #i4isaha% a%taa 8at a%3 sat. #e%3a% 8at a%3 lai%%a! hal i%i #iae%aa% 4a#a saat 4e%a"4.%3a% #istilat aa% s.lit #ii#e%ti$iasi 4e3a%tia% $asi%a ae%a titi #i#ih%a )e#eata%
•
sa"4le a%3 #a4at "e%3ai)ata% #istilat "e%a#i ti#a ".%i! Destilasi a8e't'4 ait. #estilasi #e%3a% "e%3.a4a% 8at cai ta%4a 4e.)aha% '"4'sisi! Ja#i a#a 4e)e#aa% '"4'sisi a%taa $ase cai #a% $ase .a4& #a% hal i%i "e.4aa%
saat .ta"a s.4aa 4e"isaha% #e%3a% #istilasi #a4at #ila.a%! Jia '"4'sisi $ase .a4 sa"a #e%3a% '"4'sisi $ase cai& "aa 4e"isaha% #e%3a% ala% #istilasi ti#a #a4at #ila.a%! Destilasi sei%3 #i3.%aa% #ala" 4'ses is'lasi '"4'%e%& 4e"eata% la.ta%& #a% .3a 4e".%ia% '"4'%e% cai! -a#a 4ati." i%i 4atia% "e%c')a 2 e%is #estilasi! Oait. #estilasi )iasa #a% #estilasi e$l.s se"4.%a& #i"a%a t..a% #ai 4'ses e$l.s i%i a3a easi le)ih ce4at #e%3a% se#iit esi' ehila%3a% 8at a%3 a#a! U%t. "e"4e".#ah 4'ses #estilasi #a% "ela.a% 4ati."%a& #i la)'at'i." 4il't 4la%t .%it #estilasi #ise#iaa% #ia3a" $l'7 a%3 )e3.%a .%t. "e"4e".#ah 4atia% "e")aca alia% 4'ses #ai a7al "e"as.a% ."4a% hi%33a "e%3hasila% 4'#.! Di #ala" $l'7 #ia3a"& 'l'" #estilasi #i)a3i e #ala" 6 set' #e%3a% $.%3si a%3 )e)e#a9 )e#a! Set' 1
"e"a%asa%=& set' *
,al' a7al stea"
m atau /I &4 (k*7,am) 56 9
TR &1 ( '0) 10
h* (k,7k*) 26&
: (k,7,am) 1550*&2
h< (k,7k*) 6&@2
: (k,7,am) 2110&52
,al' '%#e%sat
m atau /I &; (k*7,am) 56 9
TI & ( '0) @0
,al' '%#e%sasi
m atau /I &; (k*7,am) 56 9
h<* (k,7k*) 2@1&
: (k,7,am) 1@@&6
,al' le4as stea"
%eni! Kaor a7al stea" ,'%#e%sat ,'%#e%sasi 9 ,al' a%3 #itei"a
/I &8 (L7,am)
= (k*7m1)
Niai : (k,7,am) 1550*&2 2110&52 1@@&6
La,u air ma!!a /I
0p& (k,7k*+K
@@&5
TI && ('0)
TR & ('0)
-T& ('K)
:a (k,7h)
88
97
@
0&@15
)
&8 (k*7h)
00
: epa! !team (k,7,am) 26@&6
(m1) 2@@&55
&2
La,u air ma!!a kon-en!at /I
> Pa-a TI & (k%7k*)
:. (k,7h)
226@&1@
1@&6
&; (k*7h) (m4) &2
La,u air ma!!a kon-en!at /I &; (k*7h)
0p1 (k,7k*+K)
TR & ('0)
TR &9 ('0)
-T1 ('K)
2,11
97
96
1
:5 (k,7h)
(m4) 87,2
:a (k,7h)
:. (k,7h)
:5 (k,7h)
:& (k,7h)
204,03
0&@15
1@&6
204,03
2066&565
Dai hasil tese).t #i#a4ata% %ilai ."lah 4a%as stea" a%3 #i).t.ha% a#alah se)esa 521@&555 J/h!
+& Ke!impuan
DA/TAR PU"TAKA A%'%i"! 201! -et.%. -ati." +4easi Te%i ,i"ia -il't -la%t Penyulingan/Distilasi: Bubble Cap Distillation Column”! Ba%#.%3: J..sa% Te%i ,i"ia -'l)a%! Mca)e& ae% L! #! 1@@@! Operasi e!ni! "imia #ilid $ ! Jaata : -T! Ela%33a!
