KOLEJ CQ BREYER NO 1C JLN SG 3/19 TAMAN SRI GOMBAK 68100 BATU CAVES SELANGOR
KERTAS PENERANGAN (Informa (I nformation tion S heet) heet) KOD DAN NAMA PROGRAM / PROGRAM / PROGRAM’S CODE AND NAME
COMPUTER SYSTEM OPERATION
TAHAP / TAHAP / LEVEL
L3
NO. DAN TAJUK UNIT KOMPETENSI / KOMPETENSI / COMPETENCY UNIT NO. AND TITLE
C01
NO. DAN PENYATAAN AKTIVITI KERJA / KERJA / WORK ACTIVITIES NO. AND STATEMENT
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
NO. KOD / KOD / CODE NO.
COMPUTER SYSTEM SET-UP
ANALYSE JOB REQUEST/CHANGE ORDER PREPARE COMPUTER SET-UP TOOLS,COMPUTER HARDWARE PART AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE SET-UP COMPUTER HARDWARE CARRY OUT COMPUTER SOFTWARE INSTALLATION SET-UP COMPUTER PERIPHERALS. CARRY OUT UNIT FUNCTIONALITY TEST PREPARE COMPUTER SYSTEMS SETUP REPORT
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
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TAJUK / TAJUK / TITLE : : PENGENALAN PENGENALAN KEPADA PERKAKASAN KOMPUTER
TUJUAN / PURPOSE : : Kertas penerangan ini bertujuan untuk menerangkan mengenai perkakasan-perkakasan perkakasan-perkakasan yang terdapat pada komputer supaya dapat memasang perkakasan-perkakasan komputer dengan kaedah dan prosedur yang betul serta mengikut spesifikasi yang ditetapkan
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 2 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
PENERANGAN / PENERANGAN / INFORMATION : PENGENALAN Sebagai langkah permulaan, kita akan berbincang mengenai komponen-komponen yang terdapat di dalam sistem unit seperti papan induk utama, pemproses mikro, RAM dan sebagainya. Sebelum memasang segala perkakasan, terlebih dahulu anda mesti mengetahui jenis-jenis perkakasan tersebut dan memahami segala arahan yang diberikan di dalam manual yang disediakan. Antara perkakasan yang penting ialah CPU (Central Processing Unit ), ), papan induk (motherboard (motherboard ), ), RAM (Random (Random Access Memory ), ), pemacu cakera liut (floppy (floppy disk drive), (hard disk drive), drive), pemacu cakera keras (hard drive), kad input/output (I/O (I/O cards), cards), kad bunyi, kotak komputer (casing ( casing ) dan pemacu CD-ROM perlu difahami terlebih dahulu supaya pemasangan perkakasan tersebut tidak mengalami masalah.
1.
PERKAKASAN KOMPUTER Berikut adalah komponen-komponen yang penting pada komputer:
1.1 Pemproses / CPU (Central Processing Unit ) CPU (Central Processor Unit) atau Unit Pemprosesan Pusat merupakan komponen utama yang mempengaruhi kelajuan memproses data. CPU boleh dianggap sebagai otak kepada keseluruhan sistem komputer. Di sinilah semua data mentah akan diproses menjadi maklumat yang dikehendaki dalam komputer. Kelajuan CPU dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor utama:
i)
Kelajuan dalaman (Internal Bus) Bus) atau dalam bahasa pasar dikenali sebagai CPU speed . Kelajuan 1GHz, 2GHz dan sebagainya merujuk kepada kelajuan dalaman. Semakin tinggi kelajuan dalaman CPU, semakin lajulah data tersebut diproses.
ii)
Kelajuan luaran (External Bus) Bus) atau dikenali sebagai Bas Luaran merupakan kelajuan di luar CPU tersebut dan mesti disokong dengan kelajuan papan induk ((motherboard ). Ia juga dikenali motherboard ).
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meningkat. Dari Jadual 1, kita dapati Pentium IV mempunyai kelajuan External Bus Bus yang paling tinggi iaitu 400MHz sehingga 533MHz. Jadi tentulah CPU Pentium IV menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk pengguna yang mementingkan kelajuan. iii) Saiz Ingatan Cache (Cache Memory ). ). Semakin besar saiz ingatan cache maka prestasi CPU keseluruhan akan meningkat. Fungsi utama ingatan cache adalah untuk menyimpan arahan yang pernah diproses oleh CPU. Sekiranya terdapat arahan yang sama, maka CPU tidak perlu memproses semula arahan tersebut. Cache juga berfungsi sebagai penimbal (buffer) di antara CPU dengan memori utama kerana kelajuan cache lebih laju. Untuk lebih mudah memahami fungsi cache kita bayangkan kita ada menerima 70 kotak berisi server. Pada kotak yang pertama kita mengambil masa yang lama untuk mengeluarkan server dari kotak kerana kita perlu memikirkan cara yang sesuai untuk membuka kotak tersebut agar tidak merosakkannya. Untuk kotak kedua dan seterusnya, kita boleh membuka kotak tersebut dengan pantas tanpa perlu memikirkan (otak = CPU) bagaimana caranya membuka kotak tersebut. Ini kerana kita telah menyimpan di dalam ingatan kita (cache) cara-cara untuk membukanya. Contoh lain yang menunjukkan fungsi cache memainkan peranan penting di dalam prestasi komputer ialah dengan mencuba lakukan pemasangan sistem operasi ( operating system) system) Windows 98 dengan ingatan cache L1 (internal ( internal cache) cache) dan L2 (external cache) cache) dimatikan. Masa pemasangan akan mengambil sekurang-kurangnya 3 jam berbanding sebelum ingatan cache dimatikan hanya mengambil masa 45 minit. Ini kerana setiap fail di dalam bentuk .cab .cab (cabinet) telah dimampatkan (compress). Fail pertama dibuka agak lambat kerana CPU perlu mengetahui caracara
untuk
uncompress
fail
tersebut
manakal
bagi
fail-fail
seterusnya, CPU tidak perlu lagi belajar cara-cara untuk uncompress kerana proses tersebut telah tersedia disimpan di dalam ingatan
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 4 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
sesuai kerana kelajuan dalaman dan luaran Pentium IV lebih dari pesaingnya.
Jenis
Internal
External
CPU
Bus
Bus
66 850MHz – 2.2GHz
Internal Kelajuan
Cache
External (L1 Cache
Cache)
Cache)
32 KB
128KB
32KB
256KB
(L2
–
100MHz
1.1/1.2A/1.3/
400MHz
1.7/1.8 GHz
(1.7GHz keatas)
450MHz
-
1.33GHz
450/500/550/
133MHz
600 MHz
1.7 – 3.06 400 – 533 GHz
1.0 1.3GHz
1700+ 2800+
MHz
–
333MHz
2.4/2.53/2.66 / 2.8/3.0 GHz
200MHz
- 266
1.7/1.8A/2A/
1/1.3 GHz
-
12k µop + 8KB
256KB
128KB
64KB
128KB
256KB
1.7/1.8/2.0/2. 1/2.2/2.4 GHz
Gambarajah 1: Perbandingan CPU bagi Internal Bus, External Bus, Kelajuan, L1 dan L2 Cache.
1.2 CPU Soket Setiap CPU memerlukan soket yang berlainan. Oleh itu kita perlu tahu CPU
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
Jenis Penyambung Soket 1 Soket 2
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 5 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Jenis CPU 486 SX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 & Over Drive 486 SX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4, Over Drive & 486 Pentium Overdrive
Soket 3
486 SX/SX2, DX/DX2, DX4 & 486 Pentium Overdrive
Soket 4
Pentium 60/66, Overdrive
Soket 5
Pentium 75-133, Pentium 75+ Overdrive, Pentium MMX 166-233, K5 PR75~PR133, 6x86L PR120+, PR166+ PR 233
Soket 6
486DX4 75-120
Soket 7
Pentium 75-200, Pentium 75+ Overdrive, Pentium MMX 166-233, K5 PR75PR200, K6 166-300, K6-2 266-550, K62+ 450-550, K6-III 400-450, K6-III+ 450500
Soket 8
Pentium Pro 150-200, Pentium II OverDrive 300-333,
SECC Slot 1 (Single Contact Card)
Celeron 266-300 (Covington) Edge Celeron 300A-433 (Mendocino) Celeron 300A-533 (Mendocino PGA) Celeron 500A-1.1GHz (Coppermine-128) Pentium Pro 150-200 Pentium II 233-300 (Klamath) Pentium II 266-450 (Deschutes) Pentium III 450-600B (Katmai) Pentium III 533EB-1.13GHz
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
Jenis Penyambung
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 6 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Jenis CPU Pentium III Xeon 600-1GHz (Cascades)
Soket 370
Celeron 300A-533 (Mendocino) Celeron 500A-1.1GHz (Coppermine-128) Celeron 1.0A-1.4GHz (Tualatin) Pentium III 500E-1.13GHz (Coppermine) Pentium III 866-1.13GHz (Coppermine-T) Pentium III 1.0B-1.33GHz (Tualatin) Cyrix III 533-667 (Samuel)
Slot A
Athlon 500-700 (K7) Athlon 550-1GHz (K75) Athlon 700-1GHz (Thunderbird)
Soket A
Duron 600-950 (Spitfire) Duron 1.0GHz (Morgan) Athlon 750-1.4GHz (Thunderbird) Athlon 4 850 (mobile Palomino) Athlon MP 1.0GHz-2100+ (Palomino) Athlon MP 2000+ (Thoroughbred) (Thoroughbred) Athlon XP 1500+-2100+ (Palomino) (Palomino) Athlon XP 1700+(Thoroughbred) 1700+(Thoroughbred) Athlon XP 2500+(Barton)
Soket 423
Pentium 4 1.3GHz-2.0GHz (Willamette) Pentium 4 1.6A (Northwood) Celeron 1.7GHz (Willamette)
Soket 478
Celeron 1.7GHz-1.8GHz (Willamette) Celeron 2.0GHz (Northwood-128) Pentium 4 1.4GHz-2.0GHz (Willamette) Pentium 4 1.6A (Northwood)
Soket 603 & 604
Xeon 1.4GHz-2.0GHz (Foster) Xeon 1.8GHz (Prestonia) Xeon MP 1.4GHz-1.6GHz (Foster MP)
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
Jenis Penyambung Soket 754
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 7 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Jenis CPU Athlon 64 1GHz+ (Clawhammer) Athlon 64 1GHz+ (San Diego) Diego)
Soket 940
Athlon 64 X2 2.7 GHz
Gambarajah 2 : Menunjukkan jenis-jenis penyambung (soket) yang sesuai untuk CPU yang berlainan. 1.3 Papan Induk (motherboard) i)
Papan induk atau motherboard berfungsi sebagai jantung bagi sesebuah komputer. Ia merupakan papan litar yang besar dan terletak di bahagian bawah casis casis bagi pengguna yang menggunakan desktop casing dan terletak menegak bagi pengguna yang menggunakan tower casing . Papan induk ini diperbuat daripada kepingan kaca serat yang berwarna hijau dan di atasnya pula dipenuhi dengan cip, perintang, kapasitor dan juga litar-litar elektronik. Secara umumnya kita boleh menganggap bahawa papan induk merupakan tempat bergantungnya segala komponen bagi sebuah komputer.
ii)
Sehingga kini ada beberapa beberapa jenama papan utama yang yang popular seperti seperti Intel, Asustech, Abit, Gigabyte, 1st Board, Octech dan berbagai-bagai jenama lain yang rata-rata mutunya mutunya sama seperti yang lain.
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
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iii) Pemilihan papan induk induk perlu disesuaikan disesuaikan dengan jenis casing yang digunakan. Jadual 3 menunjukkan jenis papan induk dan casing yang sesuai
Style
Full AT Baby AT ATX ATX Mini ATX LPX LPX Mini LPX NLX NLX
Match to Case and Power Supply Full AT, Full Tower
All but Slimline, ATX
ATX
ATX
Slimline
Slimline
Slimline
Gambarajah 4: Jenis papan induk dan casing yang yang sesuai
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
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2.2 Slot perhubungan Ianya terletak di bahagian belakang papan induk. Kad-kad komputer seperti kad grafik dan kad audio akan dimasukkan ke dalam slot perhubungan ini. Anda boleh memasangkan kad pada mana-mana slot perhubungan yang ada. Slot perhubungan ini juga dikenali sebagai bas sistem ataupun bas (bus ) sahaja. Jika anda perhatikan secara teliti, anda akan dapat melihat beberapa baris wajar atau surih pada papan induk yang menghala ke kanan dan ke kiri bermula daripada slot perhubungan. Gabungan wayar surih ini berserta dengan beberapa cip sokongan yang terletak berhampiran itulah yang dikenali sebagai bas sistem.
2.3 Cip memori ROM dan RAM Cip memori ROM ini mengandungi piawai BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). Pada sesebuah komputer peribadi (PC) biasanya terdapat satu sehingga lima cip ROM. Sesetengah komputer ada menandakan kedudukan cip ini pada papan induk. Anda boleh mengenali dengan memerhatikan cip yang bersaiz agak besar dan dipasang di bahagian tengah atau bahagian tengah kiri papan induk. Manakala cip memori (RAM) pula, boleh dikatakan paling banyak terdapat pada papan induk terutamanya pada komputer jenis Pentium.
2.4 Pelompat (Jumper ) Hampir kesemua komputer peribadi menggunakan komponen pelompat. Pelompat ini digunakan untuk menentukan jenis kad video atau kad paparan video yang anda gunakan, konfigurasi cakera keras, memori pada papan
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
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Gambarajah 5: Pemasangan kabel kuasa ke papan induk
Gambarajah 6: 7-4 Soket kuasa jenis ATX
3.
INGATAN UTAMA (RAM) 3.1 Definisi i)
Komputer memerlukan bahagian-bahagian ingatan (memory ) untuk mengingati data serta menyimpan sementara arahan dan tugas yang perlu dilaksanakan. Unit Pemprosesan Pusat (CPU) akan merujuk kepada bahagian ingatan untuk mendapatkan data serta memastikan semua tugas telah disiapkan.
ii)
Ingatan utama merupakan komponen komputer yang berperanan untuk
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NO. KOD / CODE NO. i)
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Saiz ingatan utama memainkan peranan yang penting dalam menentukan keupayaan komputer anda. Semakin tinggi saiz ingatan utama , maka semakin tinggi keupayaan sesebuah komputer (tetapi, perlu diingatkan juga bahawa banyak faktor lain yang juga mempengaruhi tahap keupayaan sesebuah komputer, contohnya kepantasan jam, jenis CPU dan sebagainya). Saiz ingatan utama juga menentukan kelajuan dan jumlah program yang boleh dibuka serentak bagi sesebuah komputer (multitasking ). ).
ii)
Ingatan utama diukur diukur dalam dalam unit Megabait dan juga juga Gigabait. Gigabait. Terdapat Terdapat beberapa saiz ingatan utama yang digunakan masa kini iaitu dari 512MB , 1GB dan 2GB.
3.3 Jenis Ingatan Utama i)
Terdapat dua jenis ingatan yang utama iaitu Ingatan Capaian Rawak atau Random Access memory (RAM) dan Ingatan Baca Sahaja atau Read Only Memory (ROM). (ROM).
4.
INGATAN CAPAIAN RAWAK
Gambarajah 7: Contoh RAM
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 12 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
RAM yang dikeluarkan pada peringkat awal dikenali sebagai DRAM (Dynamic RAM). Di dalam DRAM, arahan disimpan sebagai sebagai satu siri cas pada kapasitor. Dalam satu millisaat elektrik dicas, kapasitor mengalami proses dinyahcas dan perlu dikemaskini atau disegarsemula bagi mengekalkan nilai di dalamnya. Proses kemaskini yang berterusan ini merupakan faktor mengapa ianya dinamakan Dynamic RAM . DRAM merupakan sejenis ingatan yang agak murah kos penghasilannya. Antara teknologi DRAM ialah :
ii)
a)
FPM (Fast Page Mode) Mode)
b)
ECC (Error Correcting Code) Code)
c)
EDO (Extended-Data-Out )
d)
SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic RAM )
SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory)
Gambarajah 8: Contoh SD RAM
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 13 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
menyediakan kepintaran yang membolehkan unit ingatan mencapai data dengan
lebih
sistematik
yang
seterusnya
mengurangkan
kerja
pemproses mikro. mikro. RDRAM juga menawarkan menawarkan kepantasan kepantasan ingatan yang yang jauh lebih tinggi. SDRAM konvensional secara dasarnya mampu mencapai kepantasan pemindahan data sehingga 133 MHz namun teknologi RDRAM mampu mencapai kepantasan sehingga lebih dari 600 MHz.
iv) DDR RAM (Double Data Rate RAM)
Gambarajah 10: Contoh DDR RAM DDR merujuk kepada Double Data Rate Rate merupakan teknologi yang mampu melakukan proses penghantaran data pada kedua-dua belah
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 14 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
beroperasi dengan frekuensi atau kepantasan jam sistem yang lebih tinggi iaitu 600MHz, 700MHz, 800 MHz dan sebagainya. Teknologi ini juga beroperasi dengan kuasa setinggi 2.5 volt sahaja. RIMM mempunyai cip pengawal yang mampu memutuskan bekalan kuasa kepada seksyen-seksyen yang tidak digunakan. Selain dari itu, ianya juga berkeupayaan untuk mengurangkan kepantasan ingatan sekiranya sensor haba yang ada padanya mengesan lebihan haba berlaku.
5.
MODUL INGATAN UTAMA Seseorang pengguna tidak boleh dengan sesuka hati menggunakan jenis ingatan utama (RAM) yang dikehendaki pada sistem komputer. RAM biasanya dikawal oleh set cip pada papan induk dan seseorang itu boleh menambahkan RAM mengikut jenis yang menepati keperluan papan induk yang digunakan. Secara amnya, terdapat dua jenis modul ingatan utama yang sering digunakan iaitu:
6.
Modul SIMM (Single In-line Memory Module) Module)
Modul DIMM (Dual In-line memory Module) Module)
INGATAN BACA SAHAJA (ROM) ROM merupakan ingatan kekal yang sedia ada di dalam setiap komputer walaupun
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 15 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
boleh diprogramkan mengikut kehendak pengeluar ataupun pengguna. Namun demikian ianya hanya boleh diprogramkan sekali sahaja. ii)
EPROM (Erasable PROM ) Teknologi yang sama dengan PROM Cuma ia membenarkan ROM diprogramkan lebih dari sekali.
iii) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM) Boleh diprogramkan dengan menggunakan kuasa elektrik yang tinggi. Ianya boleh diprogramkan berkali-kali tanpa perlu ianya dikeluarkan dari sistem komputer. Namun demikian, ROM jenis ini kurang mendapat sambutan memandangkan harganya yang agak mahal berbanding EPROM.
Komputer
jenis
terbaru
menyimpan
BIOS
dengan
menggunakan flash ROM yang yang juga menggunakan konsep yang hampir sama dengan EEPROM, boleh ditulis atau diprogram berulangkali menggunakan kuasa elektrik. 7.
MEMORY ) INGATAN PARA (CAC HE MEMORY Pada kebanyakan sistem komputer berkuasa tinggi, ingatan utamanya dibahagikan kepada dua dua
bahagian. Satu bahagian yang yang agak luas mengandungi mengandungi beberapa beberapa
barisan cip dan dikenali sebagai RAM utama (main RAM). Satu bahagian lagi yang agak kecil dikenali sebagai ingatan para atau cache memory dan ianya merujuk
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 16 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Gambarajah 11: Kipas Penyejuk (Cooling Fan)
Kipas komputer adalah kipas kecil yang dipasang pada casing komputer yang digunakan untuk penyejukan komponen dan perkakasan dalam casing komputer. Ia berfungsi untuk menarik masuk udara sejuk daripada luar dan membawa keluar udara panas keluar atau bergerak udara di seluruh sink haba untuk sejuk komponen tertentu.
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 17 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Gambarajah 13: Heat Sink
Heat-sink adalah terma peranti logam konduktif direka untuk menyerap dan bersurai kepanasan dari objek suhu tinggi seperti pemproses komputer . Biasanya heat-sink ini dilengkapi dengan kipas terbina dalam untuk membantu menjaga kedua-dua CPU dan heat-sink haba pada suhu yang sesuai. Heat-sink yang diperbuat daripada logam, seperti aloi tembaga atau aluminium, dan dilampirkan
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 18 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Kad Antaramuka Rangkaian (network ( network interface card (NIC)) (NIC)) merupakan sambungan fizikal antara suatu rangkaian dengan komputer stesyen kerja. Kebanyakan kad ini merupakan kad dalaman, dimana ianya dipasang pada slot yang terdapat di dalam sebuah sistem komputer. Kad ini merupakan perhubungan fizikal antara stesyen kerja dan rangkaian. Sesetengah komputer seperti komputer Laptop biasanya menggunakan kemudahan kemudahan sistem kad atau adaptor luaran seperti kad PCMCIA.
12.1 Jenis-jenis Kad Antaramuka Rangkaian i)
Kad Ethernet
ii)
Penyambung Localtalk
iii)
Kad Token Ring
a)
Kad Ethernet
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 19 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Kad rangkaian Token Ring hampir sama seperti kad Eth ernet. Salah satu perbezaan ketaranya ialah jenis penyambung yang terdapat di belakang kad itu. Kad Token Ring secara umumnya hanya mempunyai penyambung 9 pin jenis DIN untuk menyambung kad itu kepada kabel rangkaian.
IC C A R D ) 13. KAD GRAFIK (G R A P H IC
Gambarajah 15: Contoh Kad Grafik
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 20 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
channel operation, maximum data rate, rate, dan penggunaan kuasa yang berbeza-beza. iii) PCI-Express: Kad PCI-Express: Kad grafik berantaramuka PCI-E mula menguasai pasaran pada tahun 2004 dan beransur-ansur menolak popluariti kad grafik AGP. Walaupun begitu, kad grafik AGP masih menjadi pilihan lantaran harganya yang jauh lebih ekonomi berbanding dengan kad grafik PCI-E. PCI-E menawarkan kelajuan dan keupayaan pemprosesan grafik dinamik yang jauh lebih hebat berbanding dengan kad grafik AGP.
(S OU OUND ND C A R D ) 14. KAD BUNYI S
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 21 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
lain seperti pembesar suara yang menyokong teknologi surround sound . Misalnya, on-board sound card (kad bunyi yang dibina di atas papan induk dalam bentuk cip) biasanya hanya menyokong speaker stereo standard (speaker 2.0 dan 2.1) yang mana tidak mampu untuk memberikan keluaran bunyi maksima jika dipasang pada sub-woofer beserta beserta 5 speaker satelite (5.1 satelite (5.1 Speaker ) ketika memainkan DVD menggunakan kesan bunyi sekeliling (5.1 surround ). ). Contoh kad bunyi yang ada dipasaran ialah,Sound ialah,Sound Blaster® Audigy™ 2 ZS keluaran ZS keluaran Creative Technology iv) Secara amnya terdapat tiga port tiga port penyambung pada sesuatu kad bunyi: a)
Line Out : Port ini biasanya mempunyai kod warna hijau. Isyarat bunyi analog yang ditukarkan dari digital akan dipindahkan ke pembesar suara (speaker) atau headphone yang headphone yang disambung pada port pada port ini. ini.
b)
Line In: In: Menerima Menerima isyarat bunyi dari peralatan elektronik lain, misalnya
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 22 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
i) Bekalan kuasa yang stabil pada sistem komputer adalah adalah perkara yang perlu di titik
beratkan
pengguna
apabila
tidak
menggunakan
menghiraukan
komputer.
,tetapi
kejadian
Mungkin ini
sebahagian
mungkin
akan
menyebabkan kehilangan data .Masalah bekalan kuasa harus dititik beratkan dan perlu di utamakan. ii) Unit bekalan kuasa komputer berfungsi sebagai penerima bekalan elektrik 240/110 V ac daripada punca bekalan utama dan menukarkan ke beberapa
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
Penapis: Penapis:
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 23 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Berfungsi mendapatkan nilai voltan dc yang tetap dan tulin.
Komponen utama ialah kapasitor.
Pengatur :
Bahagian ini menetapkan nilai voltan keluaran yang yang di
kehendaki supaya ia benar-benar berada pada nilai tetap yang di perlukan
walaupun
terdapat
perubahan
pada
lain-lain
bahagian
masukan.
Pembahagi voltan :
Menetapkan keluaran-keluaran voltan yang di
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NO. KOD / CODE NO.
IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 24 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Fius adalah komponen perlindungan kepada bekalan kuasa dan juga komputer dari rosak yang disebabkan oleh litar pintas, lebihan beban, spike dan sebagainya. Fius yang terputus perlu ditukar dengan fius yang baru yang mempunyai julat kuasa yang sama dengan fius asal. Menganalisa kegagalan fius boleh membantu menentukan kerosakan pada sistem. Di bawah menunjukkan contoh kerosakan hasil analisa kegagalan fius.
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IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 25 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
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IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 26 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
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IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 27 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Antaramuka atau at au interface merupakan interface merupakan kaedah yang digunakan oleh cakera keras
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IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 28 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
keras mudah alih biasanya mempunyai permintaan yang tinggi dari segi anti
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IT-020-3 : 2013-C01/P(2/5)
MUKA SURAT / SURAT / PAGE : 29 DRPD / DRPD / OF : 44
Tujuan Tujuan sebenar casing adalah untuk melindungi perkakasan komputer dari
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