Kesalahan Tatabahasa Media Jelata

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

7/7 ULOILOGMGO

Xgxgdgbgqg hgugx hcxgftcnfgo qldgigc bcku|ogo ultgx|tgo |k|k qxt|fx|t  dgbgqg sgoi kltgoif|kc dchgoi k`tn`m`ic hgo qcoxgfqcq/ Xgxgdgbgqg klku|osgc f`oqlu hgo b|f|k sgoi ultm| hcugx|bc `mlb ulo|mcq gxg| ulo|x|t hgmgk klkgqxcfgo uloii|oggo dgbgqg sgoi dlx|m hgo xlugx/ Fltxgq fltjg coc kloifgjc xloxogi gqulf uloii|oggo xgxgdgbgqg `mlb `mlb klhcg jlmgxg jlmgxg qgkg ghg xltgx|t flxcfg kloi|oifgufgo qlq|gx| f`oqlu- ut`qlq- qcngx gxg| actc hc hgmgk f`oxlfq coxlmlfx|gm/

Ultdcoagoigo fltxgq coc gfgo dltu|qgt ughg flqgmgbgo xgxgdgbgqg Klmgs| hloigo klmcbgx gqulf+gqulf k`tn`m`ic hgo qcoxgfqcq/ K`tn`m`ic ghgmgb fgxg sgoi dltgqgm hgtc k`tublklkrl sgoi dltkgfq|h xbl kcockgm klgocoin|m |ocx `n  mgoi|gil/ Coc dltkgfog |ocx+|ocx xgxgdgbgqg sgi klojghc |oq|tl ultfgxggo cx|mgb sgoi hcogkgfgo k`tnlk/

Hloigo fgxg mgco k`tnlk cgmgb |ocx dgbgqg sgoi xltflacm- hgo hgugx klmgfqgogfgo x|igq xgxgdgbgqg dltn|oiqc itgkgxcq- kgogfgmg qcoxgfqcq cx| u|mg cgmgb dchgoi sgoi kloifgjc agtg ultfgxggo cx| hcq|q|o klojghc gsgx/ Coc dltkgfogf`oqlu xgxgdgbgqg dltfgcx qlagtg mgoiq|oi hloigo hloigo ut`qlq uly|j|hgo b |f|k/ Flh|g+h|g dchgoi cocmgb sgoi dcgqgosg hcfgjc `mlb ulmdgigc ulmdgigc jlocq xgxgdgbgqg /

7}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

7/4 @DJLFXCN

\ox|f kloilogmugqxc dlox|f flqgmgbgo xgxgdgbgqg sgoi hcmgf|fgo `mlb klhcg kgqqg ughg kgqg kgqg fcoc kloicf|x kloicf|x b|f|k xgxgdgbgqg sgoi dlx|m hgt c q|h|x k`tn`m`ic hgo qcoxgfqcq/ Klkdlx|mfgo flqcmgugo hgo flqgmgbgo xgxgdgbgqg/

7/1 FGLHGB FGLHGB FGJCGO

Fgjcgo xltbghgu flqgmgbgo xgxgdgbgqg coc hcjgmgofgo hloigo agtg klkdgag dgbgo dgaggo hgo kloilogmugqxc flqgmgbgo sgoi xlthgugx hgmgk dgbgo dgaggo xltqld|x- flqcmgugo sgoi xlmgb hcflogm ugqxc hc fgjc gqulf flqgmgbgoosg- flk|hcgo ulkdlx|mgo gfgo hcmgf|fgo dgic kl kl kultdlx|m flqcmgugo xltqld|x/ xltqld|x / Hgmgk fgjcgo sgoi hcjgmgofgo coc- qgsg klkcmcb qld|gb kgjgmgb o`kd`t qgx| Kgmgsqcg cgcx| kgjgmgb Kgqxcfg qldgigc dgbgo fgjcgo/ Kgqxcfg klt|ugfgo dgbgo dgaggo sgoi u`u|mgt hc fgmgoigo ulkdgag ulkdgag fltgog fcqgb sgoi hc x|mcq ghgmgb k lkgugtfgo xloxgoi cq| qlkgqg- fcqgb xlmghgo- qljgtgb hgo j|ig uloilxgb|go gk/ Ogk|o dlicx| hgtc q|h|x flxlugxgo ogb| hgo xgxgdgbg qg- ulo|mcq ghgfgmgosg ghgfgmgosg klmgf|fgo dldltgug flqcmgugo/ Fgjcgo sgoi hcmgf|fgo coc hgugx kloilogm ugqxc jlocq flqgmgbgo dgbgqg sgoi hcmgf|fgo `mlb ulo|mcq/ Gtxcflm sgoi hcfgjc dltxgj|f ± Coc gkgm  jgtcgb |ox|f qgbgk qgbgk gfbctgx¸ hcx|mcq `mlb ygtxgygo Fbgct|m Goygt S|q`u/ S|q`u/

4}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

7/8 DGXGQGO Qf`u

fgjcgo coc kloagf|uc uloii|oggo dgbgqg hgtc dldltgug gqulf qlultxc

k`tn`m`ic- qcoxgfqcq- hgo ulkdlox|fgo fgxg hgmgk cmk| xgxgdgbgqg klmgs|/ B|tgcgo hcmgf|fgo xloxgoi k`tnlk xltcfgx hgo k`tnlk dldgq/ Flqgmgbgo hgmgk gsgx hcflogmugqgxc hgo ngfx`t+ngfx`t sgoi klojghcfgo gsgx xltqld|x qgmgb hgtc qlic xgxgdgbgqg/

7/< HLNCOCQ F@OQLU

Ultfgxggo xgxgdgbgqg gxg| ogb| ghgmgb xltjlkgbgo hgtcughg ultfgxggo fgxg ¼itgkkgt¾/ Ultfgxggo itgkkgt dltgqgm dltgqgm hgtcughg fgxg Itllf- sgoi dltkgfq|h ¼qgx| qloc dgaggo

hgo ulo|mcqgo¾/

Flk|hcgo ultfgxggo coc hci|ogfgo qldgigc cqxcmgb

|k|k |ox|f fgjcgo hgo ulkltcgo dgbgqg/   Gdh|mmgb Bgqqgo "7331:7# klohlncocqcfgo xgxgdgbgqg qldgigc qgx| f|ku|mgo ulx|g dgic klkdlox|f ultfgxggo- ntgqg- fmg|qg- hgo gsgx kgogfgmg Gtdgf @xbkgo "7327:7#u|mg klosgxgfgo actc+actc dgbgqg klmgs|sgoi xltgx|t hgo flkgq hcugoiicm `mlb gbmc+gbmc dgbgqg qldgigc qsqxlk sgoi dltultgx|tgo/ Ultgx|tgo+ultgx|tgo qsqxlk uloi|agugo cx|mgb sgoi hc ngbgkfgo qldgigc xgxgdgbgqg/

1}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

4/5 ULOII\OGGO DGBGQG HGTC Q\H\X K@TN@M@IC

K`tn`m`ic cgmgb dchgoi cmk| dgbgqg sgoi kloifgjc ultfgxggo hgtc qlic qxt|fx|tdlox|f hgo uloii`m`oigo fgxg/ " Ocf K`tn`m`ic kloifgjc kloifgjc

Qgncgb

Fgtck- Xgxgdgbgqg Hlygo Lhcqc flxcig#

dchgoi cmk| dgbgqg sgoi sgoi dltfgcxgo qxt|fx|t- dlox|f hgo

uloii`m`oi fgxg/ Qxt|fx|t

fgxg dltkgfq|h q|q|ogo d|osc |jgtgo gxg| mgkdgoi "x|mcqgo# sgoi

klojghc |ocx xgxgdgbgqg sgoi dltkgfog/ Dlox|f fgxg u|mg cgmgb t|ug |ocx xgxgdgbgqg qgkg ghg dlox|f x|oiigm gxg| bgqcm hgtcughg ut`qlq uloickd|bgo- ulkgjk|fgo hgo uloiigohggo/ Uloii`m`oigo fgxg u|mg cgmgb ut`qlq klojlocqfgo ultfgxggo dlthgqgtfgo flqlt|uggo dlox|f hgo mgxgt n|oiqc hloigo goii`xg mgco hgmgk i`m`oigo sgoi qgkg/ K`tnlk dldgq cgmgb k`tnlk sgoi d`mlb y|j|h hloigo qlohctc/

Qlxcgu

ultfgxggo sgoi y|j|h klku|osgc klku|osgc qgx| k`tnlk k`tnlk gxg| mldcb- a`ox`bosg fgxg  jgmgoxlthctc hgtcughg qgx| k`tnlk- ogk|o fgxg dltjgmgo xlthctc hgtcughg h|g k`tnlk- fgxg klojgmgoc xlthctc hgtc xcig jlocq k`tnlk/ K`tnlk xltcfgx cgmgb k`tnlk sgoi y|j|h

dltqgkg+qgkg k`tnlk mgco qlultxc fgxg dltjgmgo/

Flqcku|mgoosg- ut`qlq

ulkdlox|fgo fgxg hgmgk qlq|gx| dgbgqg cgmgb ut`qlq ulos|q|ogo k`tnlk klo|t|x ultgx|tgo qcqxlk k`tn`m`ic dgbgqg cx|/

8}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

K`tnlk xltcfgxckd|bgo d`mlb hcdgbgic qlultxc dltcf|x:



Gygmgo

+ Hcxgkdgb ughg dgbgicgo hlugo fgxg hgqgt/ Kcqgmosg klkdgag-

kloibgngm / 

Gfbctgo +Hcxgkdgb ughg dgbgicgo dgbgicgo dlmgfgoi fgxg hgqgt/ Kcqgmosg dcqcfgo-

d|gmgo/ 

Qcqcugo

+Hcqlmcx hc goxgtg |oq|t |oq|t fgxg hgqgt/ Kcqgmosg x lmgugf "xgugf#lmgugf  "xgugf#-

flt|ucoi/ 

+Hcxgkdgbfgo qltloxgf ughg gygmgo hg o gfbctgo fgxg hgqgt/ hgqgt/ Kcqgmosg

Gucxgo

ckd|bgo

ult///////go- mg|x/////go-

K`tnlk Dldgq

Hgugx

dlthctc

K`tnlk xltcfgxckd|bgo

qlohctc-

kco|k- a|x cc- qlf`mgb- ultcfqg

kcqgmosg:

Dlox|f

ckd|bgo-

kcqgmosg:

klk- ult- fgo- dlt 

Xchgf

klku|osgc

klku|osgc

n|oiqc

kgfog

xlxguc

xgxgdgbgqg

gxg|

Klku|osgc kgfq|h qlohctc/ ogb|/ D`mlb kloi|dgb kgfog qlq|gx| fgxg hgo qlxlt|qosg kgfog gsgx/

<}KQ

DDK 1451

4/7

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

Ckd|bgo gygmgo/

Ckd|bgo klt|ugfgo |ocx |ocx +|ocx dgbgqg xltxlox| sgoi hcxgkdgbfgo ughg dlox|f + dlox|f mgco sgoi klosldgdfgo ult|dgbgo kgfog ogb|osg/ Ckd|bgo kltgoif|kc dlox|f+dlox|f dltcf|x gygmgo- gfbctgo- qcqcugo- gucxgo k`tnlk f`q`oi hgo dlox|f nmlfqc/ Dlthgqgtfgo gsgx sgoi hculxcf hgtcughg gtxcflm sgoi xlthgugx hc hgmgk kgjgmgb kgqxcfg- hc hgugxc xchgf x chgf klmlxgffgo fgxg ckd|bgo klo klo hgo klk ughg fgxg fltjg/ Dlthgqgtfgo gtxcflm sgoi hcfgjc bgosg xlthgugx qgx| flqgmgbg o ckd|bgo sgoi xlmgb hcflogm ugqxc/ Gsgx xltqld|x ghgmgb qlultxc dltcf|x/

Fgf Ugb ultm| klkdltcxgb| fltgog Fgf Ugb blohgf Qgmgb

gtc  a gtc 

hgog |ox|f dgox|  dgox| gogf+gogf gogf+gogf xgbncz coc/

Fgf Ugb ultm| klkdltcxgb| fltgog Fgf Ugb blohgf Dlx|m

kloa gtc hgog gtc hgog |ox|f klkdgox|  klkdgox| gogf+gogf gogf+gogf xgbncz coc/

4/4 Gsgx

Dgbgqg Klmgs| klku|osgc dltdgigc+dgigc jlocq gsgx |ox|f klosgxgfgo kgfq|h sgoi qgkg/ Actc+actc coc klosldgdfgo dgbgqg Klmgs| klt|ugfgo klt|ugfgo qld|gb dgbgqg sgoi qloxcgqg bch|u qltxg klogtcf/ Jcfg bgosg qgx| jlocq gsgx qgjg sgoi hci|ogfgo gfgo xckd|m tgqg jlk| ughg ulkdgag/ @mlb qldgd cx|- qgqxltgygo hgo ulo|mcq sgoi dgcf qlmgm| kloii|ogfgo jlocq+jlocq gsgx sgoi mgco- qlq|gc hloigo flultm|go/ >}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

Jlocq+jlocq gsgx dgbgqg Klmgs| hgugx hci`m`oifgo flughg lkugx tgigk:

g+ Gsgx Ulosgxg d+ Gsgx Xgosg a+ Gsgx Ultcoxgb h+ Gsgx Qlt|go

4/4/7 Gsgx Ulosgxg

 Gsgx ulosgxg cgmgb gsgx sgoi hc|agufgo hloigo kgfq|h klkd|gx ulosgxggo/ Gsgx ulosgxg klku|osgc x|j|go klosgxgfgo gxg| klkdlt flxltgoigo xloxgoi qlq|gx| bgm/ Gsgx jlocq coc j|ig hcqld|x qldgigc gsgx dltcxg gxg| gsgx flxltgoigo/

  Gsgx ulosgxg sgoi Fgf Ugb ultagsg gug sgoi Fgf Ugb mgf|fgo coc klt|ugfgo qgmgb

qgbgk gfbctgx

  Gsgx ulosgxg sgoi Fgf Ugb ultagsg  ultfgtg sgoi Fgf Ugb mgf|fgo coc dlx|m

klt|ugfgo qgbgk gfbctgx/

\mgqgo flqgmgbgo : Flqgmgbgo sgoi xlthgugx ughg gsgx xltqld|x cgmgb uloii|oggo fgxg Xgosg ¼gug¾ ughg gsgx ulosgxg/ Fgxg Xgosg xchgf d`mlb hci|ogfgo hgmgk gsgx ulosgxg/

9}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

4/4/4 Gsgx Xgosg

  Gsgx Xgosg cgmgb gsgx sgoi hci|ogfgo |ox|f x|j|go klogosgfgo qlq|gx| bgm/ Hloigo dlthgqgtfgo oghg q|gtg hgo uloii|oggo ultfgxggo xltxlox|- gsgx Xgosg hci`m`oifgo flughg h|g jlocq jlocq cgcx| gsgx xgosg xgoug fgxg xgosg hgo gsgx xgosg hloigo |oq|t xgosg/

Qgmgb

cgug Q cgug

kltlfg |ox|f kloib|f|k0

Dlx|m

cgugfgb Q cgugfgb

kltlfg |ox|f kloib|f|k0

\mgqgo flqgmgbgo : Flqgmgbgo gsgx xgosg xltqld|x dltmgf| fltgog xchgf klmlxgffgo ugtxcflm ¼fgb¾ ughg |oq|t sgoi hcflhlugofgo/

4/4/1 Gsgx Ultcoxgb

 Gsgx ultcoxgb cgmgb gsgx sgoi hci|ogfgo hloigo x|j|go |ox|f klockd|mfgo qlq|gx| xcohgfgo/ Ultcoxgb j|ig hcx|j|fgo fl ughg `tgoi flh|g hloigo kloii|ogfgo fgxg igoxc ogkg flh|g qlultxc gygf- fgk| loifg|- hgo qldgigcosg/ Gsgx ultcoxgb d`mlb hcdgbgicfgo flughg lkugx jloc q gsgx dltcf|x cgcx|

2}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

g+ Gsgx q|t|bgo d+ Gsgx mgtgoigo a+ Gsgx qcmggo h+ Gsgx ultkcoxggo/ ultkcox ggo/ Dlthgqgtfgo gtxcflm sgoi qgsg ucmcb - xlthgugx dldltgug gsgx sgoi klo|oj|ffgo uloii|oggo Gsgx Ultcoxgb/  Gsgx

Jghc- kgtcmgb fcxg qgkg+qgkg dltf`oiqc ugbgmg xltqld|x hloigo

ultkcoxggo

klkdgox| kltlfg/

 Gsgx

Fgf Ugb kgb| kgb| mldcb tgkgc ulohgfygb ulohgfygb sgo i d`mlb dgox| qldgtfgo qldgtfgo

ultkcoxggo

hgfygb i|og agtg uqcf`m`ic/

 Gsgx

Sg Gmmgb- Dltcmgb Fgf Ugb tgqg dgigckgog qgfcxosg klmgbctfgo gogf/

ultkcoxggo

4/4/8 Gsgx Qlt|go/

 Gsgx qlt|go cgmgb gsgx sgoi hc|agufgo hloigo klkdgyg oghg gxg| cox`ogqc qlt|go |ox|f x|j|go klmgbctfgo q|gx| flghggo ultgqggo- qlultxc xgf|x- kgtgb- xgfj|diltgk- qgfcx hgo qldgigcosg/ Cox`ogqc qlt|go coc hcigkdgtfgo hgmgk |mcqgo hloigo fgxgd qlt| " ' # Dlthgqgtfgo gtxcflm sgoi qgsg ucmcb - xlthgugx bgosg qgx| gsgx sgoi klo|oj|ffgo klo|oj|ffgo uloii|oggo Gsgx

Qlt|go/

3}KQ

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

± Cocmgb gogf sgoi Fgf Ugb fgoh|oifgo qlmgkg

lkdcmgo Qlkdcmgo

d|mgo/ d|mgo/ Dlicocmgb Dlicocmgb jghcosg' jghcosg' ¾

1/5 ULOII\OGGO DGBGQG HGTC Q\H\X QCOXGFQCQ

Dchgoi qcoxgfqcq mldcb xltx|ku| ughg ulkdlox|fgo gsgx hgo tgoifgc fgxg/  Gbmc+ gbmc mcoi|cqxcf |oq|t

Qxt|fx|tgm

hgmgk gsgx/

klo|ku|fgo klo|ku|fgo ultbgxcgo flughg flughg ultflkdgoigo ultflkdgoigo |oq|t +

Qlq|gx|

gsgx hcgogmcqcq hloigo klkdgbgicfgoosg flughg

f`oqxcx|lo cx| hcfgcxfgo u|mg hloigo f`oqxcx|lo sgoi mldcb dlqgt/ A gtg ulkdgbgicgo coc hcflogmc qldgigc f`oqcxcx|lo xlthlfgx/ A`ox`bosg: Gmc

dltkgco

Qlmgco

d`mg

hc ughgoi

cx| gsgx j|ig hcgoiigu qldgigc qgx| |jgtgo sgoi kloigoh|oic chlg sgoi

mloifgu- klku|osgc cox`ogqc cox`ogqc xltxlox| hgo hcdlox|f dlthgqgtfgo u`mg+u`mg gsgx gqgq"fltolm qloxloal#/ Gqkgb Bj @kgt "73>2# klkdgbgicfgo u`mg gsgx gqgq coc flughg x|j|b/ Ulkdgbgicgo u`mg +u`mg gqgq coc ghgmgb dlthgqgtfgo qxt|fx|tgmosg/ Flqgmgbgo ulkdlox|fgo ulkdlox|fgo fgxg xlmgb hcflogmugqxc hcflogmugqxc cgmgb hgtc qlic g+ Uloii|oggo fgxg d+ Ulkdlox|fgo fgxg a+ Ntgqg h+

Qxt|fx|t

gsgx 75 } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

1/7 Uloii|oggo fgxg

Flqgmgbgo hgtc qlic uloii|oggo fgxg cgcx| uloii|oggo fgxg igoxc hctc- fgxg dcmgoigo- uloj`h`b dcmgoigo-fgxg qlohc- fgxg fltjg xgf xtgoqcxcn- fgxg fltjg xtgoqcxcnfgxg Xgosg hgo fgxg b|d|oi/ Dlthgqgtfgo gtxcflm ±Coc gkgm jgtcgb |ox|f qgbgk gfbctgx ±

sgoi xlmgb qgsg fgjc- xlthgugx dgosgf flqgmgbgo uloii|oggo fgxg

xlt|xgkgosg fgxg qlohc hgo fgxg b|d|oi sgoi hci|ogfgo/  Gsgx ultxgkg Qgmgb

Hgo

dcmg Gmmgb go|iltgbfgo ql`tgoi gogf sgoi acoxgfgo gigkg-

Fgf Ugb tgqg cg mldcb dltkgfog/

Dlx|m

 Gugdcmg Gmmgb go|iltgbfgo ql`tgoi gogf sgoi acoxgfgo gigkgFgf Ugb tgqg cg mldcb dltkgfog/

 Gsgx flh|g Qgmgb

Ughg Fgf Ugb - coc gkgmgo Fgf Ugb- coc xgoii|oijgygd fgf Ugb  ughg Gmmgb/

Dlx|m

Ughg Fgf Ugb - coc gkgmgo Fgf Ugb- coc xgoii|oijgygd fgf Ugb flughg Gmmgb/

77 } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

\mgqgo flqgmgbgo : Flqgmgbgo |k|k hgmgk uloii|oggo fgxg b|d|oi dcgqgosg dltmgf| qldgigc gfcdgx xchgf klkgbgkc agtg kloii|ogfgo fgxg b|d|oi cx| hloigo xlugx hgmgk gsgx/ Fgxg b|d|oi ¼hgo¾ qgkg qlfgmc xchgf d`mlb hci|ogfgo hci|ogfgo ughg ultk|mggo gsgx/ Gsgx flh|g u|mg klo|oj|ffgo uloii|oggo fgxg ¼ughg¾ hgo ¼flughg¾/ Fgxg ¼ughg¾ hci|ogfgo xchgf xlugx fltgog fgxg ¼ughg¾ ghgmgb klt|j|f xlkugx- kgqg/

1/4

Ulkdlox|fgo fgxg

Ulkdlox|fgo fgxg klmcdgxfgo uloickd|bgo- uloiigohggo- hgo ulkgjk|fgo sgoi xlthgugx hgmgk gsgx/ Ckd|bgo hgugx kloi|dgb dlox|f- x|igq- kgfog hgo qlq|gx| fgxg/ Flqgmgbgo hgtc qlic uloickd|bgo dltmgf| jcfg xchgf kloilxgb|c gqulf+gqulf gqulf +gqulf ckd|bgo- x|igq hgo kgfogosg/

Qgmgb

Fgf Ugb kgqcb coigx kgqg fgoh|oifgo Gmcnn /////////// ///////////

Dlx|m

Fgf Ugb kgqcb coigx kgqg kloigoh|oifgo kloigoh|oifgo Gmcnn  Gmcnn //////// ///////

74 } K Q

DDK 1451

1/1

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

Ntgqg

1/1/7

Ntgqg ogkg

Ntgqg ogkg klt|ugfgo fgxg ogkg gxg| qlf|ku|mgo fgxg sgoi fgxg |xgkgosg fgxg ogkg/ Ntgqg ogkg hgugx dlt|xigq qldgigc q|djlf- `djlf gxg| utlhcfgx hgmgk gsgx/ Flqgmgbgo |k|k sgoi dcgqgosg sgoi dltmgf| ughg h|g gqulf cgcx| g+dlox|f jgkgf d+b|f|k HK

1/1/4 Ntgqg Ghjlfxcn 

Fgxg ghjlfxcn hgugx klojghc ntgqg ghjlfxcn gugdcmg dltx|igq qldgigc utlhcfgx hgmgk gsgx/ Ntgqg ghjlfxcn hgmgk gsgx d`mlb hcqltxgfgo hloigo fgxg uloi|gx / A`ox`bosg gigf dlqgt- ugmcoi bldgx- cohgb ocgo-hgo qldgigcosg/

Ntgqg Ghjlfxcn sgoi

Qlfgtgoi

qgmgb

dltagfgu dgbgqg gtgd hloigo ngqcb hgo mgoagt/

Ntgqg Ghjlfxcn sgoi

Qlfgtgoi

dlx|m

Fgf Ugb ghgmgb cd| sgoi qgoigx dltdgoiig dltdgoiig-- Gmcn 

Fgf Ugb ghgmgb cd| sgoi qgoigx dgoiig fltgog

 Gmcn d`mlb dltagfgu dgbgqg gtgd hloigo ngqcb hgo mgoagt/

71 } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

\mgqgo flqgmgbgo:

Fgxg uloi|gx qgoigx  xchgf ultm| hcmlxgffgo ughg gsgx xltqld|x fltgog utlhcfgx dltdgoiig q|hgb hcx|oj|ffgo qldgigc uloltgoi/ Ulo|mcq klmlxgffgo klmlxgffgo

ckd|bgo

ughg gsgx sgoi xlmgb klku|osgc fgxg uloi|gx/ Ultfgxggo qgoigx q|hgb klkdgyg kgfq|h sgoi f|gx xloxgoi fgxg sgoi hcxltgoifgo/ @mlb cx| gugdcmg fgxg ghjlfxcn sgoi dltgygmgo dlt hci|ogfgo qldgigc uloltgoi- fgxg uloi|gx xchgf mgic hcultm|fgo/

1/1/4

Ntgqg fltjg Xgf Xtgoqcxcn 

Ntgqg fltjg xgf xtgoqcxcn cgmgb fgxg fltjg sgoi hgugx d ltx|igq qldgigc utlhcfgx gsgx gs gx xgoug `djlf gxg| qlf|ku|mgo fgxg sgoi klku|osgc fgxg fltjg xgf xtgoqcxcn qldgigc fgxg fltjg |xgkgosg/ A`ox`bosg fgxg fltjg sgoi dltgucxgo dlt////fgo xchgf d`mlb hcqltxgc fgxg qlohc fltgog gfbctgo ·fgo xlmgb klygfcmc fgxg qlohc hloigo- gxg|ughg gxg| xloxgoi/

qgmgb

lmlugq Q lmlugq

qlmlqgc  dltqcgu- Gmcnn dcgqgosg gfgo xlt|q ultic fl

kgqjch/ Dlx|m

lmlqgc  dltqcgu Q lmlqgc dltqcgu

Gmcnn dcgqgosg gfgo xlt|q ultic fl kgqjch

 Gxg| lmlugq Q lmlugq

dltqcgu- Gmcnn dcgqgosg gfgo xlt|q ultic fl kgqjch

78 } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

\mgqgo flqgmgbgo:

Ntgqg fltjg Xgf Xtgoqcxcn  qlmlugq hgo qlmlqgc hci|ogfgo qlmlqgc  hci|ogfgo ughg flghggo sgoi qgkg/ Qgmgb

qgx| Ntgqg fltjg Xgf Xtgoqcxcn xltqld|x bgt|q hci|i|tfgo q|ugsg xchgf

klkdgyg kgfq|h sgoi dltxcohgo/

1/8

Qxt|fx|t gsgx

Kloilogmugqxc gsgx xltigox|oi hgo flqgmgbgo hgtc qlic ultdlohgbgtggo fgxg/ Gsgx xlthctc hgtcughg q|djlf hgo utlhcfgx/ Dlox|f |jgtgo sgoi xchgf klku|osgc q|djlfosg gxg| utlhcfgx d|fgo mgb gsgx/ A`ox`b |jgtgo sgoi xchgf ghg q|djlf cgmgb ¼Hcqlm|t|b h|ocg kloigmgkc flklmlqlxgo lf`o`kc¾

Qgmgb

Fgf Ugb dlticgx hgmgk dchgoi osgoscgo/

Dlx|m

Fgf Ugb dlticgx gfxcn  gfxcn hgmgk hgmgk dchgoi osgoscgo

\mgqgo flqgmgbgo:

Qxt|fx|t

gsgx xchgf mloifgu klojghcfgo qlq|gx| gsgx xltqld|x xchgf hgugx hc

qgkugcfgo kgfogosg/ Flqgmgbgo sgoi xlthgugx ughg gsgx hc gxgq cgmgbgsgx xltqld|x xchgf klku|osgc q|djlf/ Flbghctgo q|djlf ¼dlticgx gfxcn¾ xlmgb klmloifgu fgo gsgx xltqld|x qldgigc q|djlf hgo hgmgk dchgoi osgoscgo qldgigc utlhcfgx/

7< } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

8/5 ULO\X\U 8/7 Flqcku|mgo

Hgtcughg ultdcoagoigo hc gxgq flqcku|mgo sgoi hgugx hcgkdcm hcgkdcm xloxgoi bgm coc c gmgb uloilxgb|go cmk| xgxgdgbgqg `mlb ulo|mcq hgo ulo|x|t ulo|x|t dgbgqg klmgs| qgoigx uloxcoi/

Flqgmgbgo xgxgdgbgqg hcgkdcm k|hgb `mlb qlilmcoxct ucbgf hgo xcghg

uloi|gxf|gqggo hgo ulkgoxg|go hgo gfxg sgoi

kloqgdcxfgo flqgmgbgo

xgxgdgbgqg coc klosldgdfgo flqgmgbgo coc xlt|q dltmgf| xlt|xgkgosg hc ultcoifgx uloxghdctgo oligtg hgo klhcg jlmgxg/

8/4 Aghgoigo

HDU ultm| hcdltc f|gqg |ohgoi+|ohgoi |ox|f kloli|t flqcmgugo sgoi hcmgf|fgo `mlb ulqmggb dgbgqg- kgogfgmg ucbgf dltygjcd j|ig bgt|q klt|j|f hloigo ugfgt  hgo i|t| dgbgqg qldlm|k kloii|ofgo qgx| cqxcmgb sgoi dgt| q|gugsg cg xchgf xltulq`oi hgtc xgxgdgbgqg klmgs|/

7> } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

Dcdmc`itgnc

  Gqkgb Bgjc @kgt/ "7331#/ hgo U|qxgfg

gb| O gb|

Klmgs| K|x gfbct  gfbct / F|gmg M|ku|t: Hlygo dgbgqg

 Gqtgn hgo Qcxc Gkcogb "4553 # Dgbgqg Kgmgsqcg- Dgoic/

Qgqdghc Qho

Dbh/

  Gogmcqcq Flqgmgbgo Dgbgqg Klmgs| bxxu:dk bxxu:dkqxuk/dm`i qxuk/dm`iqu`x/a`k4 qu`x/a`k45595<g 5595<gogmcq ogmcqcq cq + flqgmgbgo+dgbgqg/bxkm

 Gzbgt Qgmmlb 4575 ±K`tn`m`ic ±K`tn`m`ic dgbgqg Klmgs |¸ bxxu:yc bxxu:ycxtg/dm` xtg/dm`iqu`x/a iqu`x/a`k455357 `k455357qf qf + xgkgo+d|fcx+klygb/bxkm J`bo Jloqlo 733< ± K`tn`m`ic qxt|fx|t fgxg hgmgk ogb| iloltgxc~l ± Hlygo Dgbgqg hgo u|qxgfg/ ±Flqgmgbgo \k|k Dgbgqg Klmgs|¸ bxxu:a/7gqub`qx/a`kflmgqmgxcbdlx|m/bxk ±Flqgmgbgo Dgbgqg Kgmgsqcg¸ bxxu:dkgmgsqcg/y`thutlqq/a`k Mc`y S`af Ngoi hgo Gdh|mmgb Bgqqgo "7338 # Ogb| Klmgs| K`hlo/ F|gmg M|ku|t  Ngjgt dgfxc

±K`tn`m`ic dgbgqg Klmgs| 4553 ± bxxu:kq/ycfculhcg/`tiycfcXgxgdgbgqgPdgbgqgPKlmgs| /

±Ultcbgm ckd|bgo klO¸ 4559 bxxu:kcohgdgbgqg/y`thutlqq/a`k

79 } K Q

DDK 1451

O`t Czzgxc D x K`bh Bgh|tc V J85244 [

± U|qgx T|j|fgo Klmgs|¾¸ bxxu:utuk/hdu/i`~/ks Qlgtab/gqur0f;b|f|k.h;75

72 } K Q