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4
86 hnhlhb mheh lhkm nhzk 6,68 4
5 86 86 hnhlhb mheh lhkm nhzk 6,668 Ghejhz 2-86
T`lhkm ghejhz ghejhz 2-86 thevhk ghzkt c``evh~ nkvhvhm ~plkt- Hohc tktwh hmnh e`ev`zbh~kchm "e`ejhdh+ jhzkt n`ek jhzkt- C`epnkhm ekm~h tktwh pm~pc e`ev`zbh~kchm vhmgch~ t`vplpb nhzk th~p jhzkt c` jhzkt j`zkcp~m{h"vhmgch~ ~pzpm th~p — th~p+ — th~p+ t`~`lhb k~p j`ztheh%theh tktwh hmnh ~plkt jhzkt c` 0, 1, 7, nhm 2- C`gkh~hm j`zkcp~m{h e`ej`z lh~kbhm t`zpvh n`mghm e`mggpmhchm tihl vhnh ghejk~ 2-88 {hmg e`mghzhbchm tktwh pm~pc e`m`m~pchm t`mnkzk dhzh e`mplkt jklhmghm n`mghm dhzh klekhb8- 6,666668 5 86 :-
5 86
4-
5:r
5 : r 86
>- 6,6660 5 0 r
5 0 r 86
0-
5 8,4 r 86
5 8,4 r
17-
5 8,7 r 58,4; r
5 8,7 r 86 5 8,4; r 86
Hcbkzm{h ch~hchmlhb c`vhnh tktwh hmnh jhbwh {hmg jhzp thoh e`z`ch v`lhohzk hnhlhb e`mplkt mi~htk klekhb jhgk t`jphb jklhmghmT`jhghk dim~ib? Mi~htk klekhb pm~pc 6,668: hnhlhb 8,: r 86
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