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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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The States of Ancient and Medieval times mostly established relations with the states of the same region, and they were regional relations As a result of the Renaissance and Reformation, Territorial states emerged and with the Peace treaty of West-Philia of 1648. In the narrow sense International relations are official relations conducted by authorized leaders of the state only. In the boarder sense International Relations are all intercourse among states and all moments of people, goods, ideas across National Frontiers  – Heart Mann According to Pedelford and Lincoln “International “International relations relations is the Interaction of States Policies within the changing patterns of Power relationships”

INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL POLITICS •

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Prof. Prof. Hans. J. Morgenthau says, International politics is the unending struggle for, for, and use of  power among Nations. According to Palmer & Perkin, International Politics is essentially concerned with the state system.

NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

International Relations is considered as a Science It is on the basis of the scientific generalization that a new era of peaceful co existence is appeared. Personal Diplomacy narrows down the conflicts by settling the differences differences bilaterally and through peaceful means. International International Relations is not a Science All the International events upon the basis of which generalizations generalizations are drawn of unique occurrence they happen only once. We could not generalize the result of the events. The actor on the International stage are all human beings. The nature of  human beings is quite uncertain nobody can understand the real intensions of an International actor. •

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SCOPE OF ITERNATIONAL RELATIONS

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State System Rela elation tionss in in Con Confl flic ictt and and Co Coop oper erat atio ion n Gen Gener eral al and and Dip Diplo loma mati ticc His Histtory ory Power International Law Int Interna rnatio tional nal Org Organiz aniza ation tionss International Systems Int Integr egratio ation n and and Co Comm mmun unit ity y app apprroach oach Geo Politics Conflict Conflict Manageme Management nt and Conflict Conflict Resolut Resolution ion War and and Peace eace

12. 12. Ideo Ideolog logies ies 13. Nationalism Nationalism,, Colonialism Colonialism and and Imperialism Imperialism 14. 14. Poli Policy cy Maki Making ng 15. Nation National al Charact Character er 16. Psych Psychologic ological al factor factorss 17. Military Military Strategi Strategicc Factor Factorss 18. Alliances Alliances and Groupin Groupings gs 19. Arms contr control ol and Disarmament Disarmament 20. Demo Graphic Graphic factor factorss 21. Economic Economic Factors actors