Revista de Psicología del Deporte ISSN: 1132-239X
[email protected],
[email protected] Universitat de les Illes Balears España
Garcés de Los Fayos Ruiz, Enrique E nrique J.; De Francisco Palacios, Cristina; Arce Fernández, Constantino Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas Revisado (IBD-R) Revista de Psicología del Deporte, vol. 21, núm. 2, 2012, pp. 271-278 Universitat de les Illes Balears Palma de Mallorca, España
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+H U D 2012 . . 21, [. 2, . 271-278 "': 1132-239 "': 1988-5636
H " B H AGX B
+H U D 2012 . . 21, [. 2, . 271-278 "': 1132-239 "': 1988-5636
H " B H AGX B
Inventario de Burnout en Deportistas Revisado
(IBD-R)
E*'# J. Ga!/ "# L+/ Fa+/ R' *, C'/'*a D# Fa*!'/!+ Paa!'+/ *** C+*/a*'*+ A!# F#**"# **
B+' "' + +E"ED E"''A"+E (IBD-) $E+D: "HK, A, BGG, A. AB+AC: A HI A+/ B I< (AB") H H G K I G G GK. AB", I G I GG H, G I, G, IG G G K . G GG G, HI HG. 460 , K, GG G, I K G H H I AB"-+, I GG G G : E EJG, DL, +G A.
AG G V GS FG (1971) G U GG G G K G G GU, G , G G . C K S FK (2010) L G W W H L/U, U, H H, K V G H H K GG (F, 1981). , K GG W U , K G, H G . E G K G U GG G G N . G S FK, U K C (2010), G G H . G H W H GG. ! G G , G H G H, G N . A G G, -, H K (), G G JGL G G H W G G G G G GG, ! K (2009) K !, K ' (2008). G U HW G GG. D N G, (S FK K CW, 1995)
U ( K ), W H G , W G , JH G, , S G GS G H G H GG G H; (2009) K G (2009). E G, G W W G KG G N U. AU, (1986), G GL J S H, K (1991), G H, CK (1992), G JU U HS H; S FK K CW (2007), G K G GW , G G G . F, G U HW W W G G HW U GG H (#SL, # K U, 1995; G, $P, !S K GH, 2007; !, !, A K &GK, 2010; , G K !S, 2010; G, 2009). GW G HGW GG, G N G G G G W , G L
C: C D F . H CW A &G. AH. #W /. 30107, GG, &G, EV. E-: @G.G 1 E HW L K W & C "HW K F EG D +-FEDE+ ("2010-18807) K DW "HW, DHH "HW G W F EG * H &G. ** H C. *** H CW A &G. F+$ ' : 5 ' A%/ ' 2011. F+$ ' $$: 5 ' F% ' 2012.
EG #. S FK +GL, C D F K C A FNL
W . D H, G J N , G N GL, W V, &B" & K # (1981), S FK (1999), G G G U G , K AB + K (2001), G U D F (2010). S FK (2004) D F (2010) S G G, G , L G GH G S AB (A, D F, A, A K +, 2010; D F, A, A, A K +, 2009), W &B", I$ ' B D$ ("BD), GLN H G W G, , U G G K S FK (2010). !K G G, , G G HGW G W, G W GG, G K G . G , G W G K G L G G G U HG. , G W , G G G U S G G W . E , K G "BD G K L V, K G GLN U K, G L, G W G , G U G HW G, G S , G, W G . AU, S FK (1999) GH U & K # (1981); , A E, DLW K +G +LW , G U G N. , G K G W, HS W U G "BD, H G J H F (1989), W G A E, AG " G G E DH K DGW + DH. E [, G G & K # (1981), K G G G W DHGW N DH AB, G W G W DLW "BD, G U G N U, N H GS. A _D` , G L S "BD, GN, G W GG W G G G _ G`. , N DLW "BD G JGL DHGW N DH AB, G GL G W G HGW K W U .
272
M+"+ Pa'!',a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
R#/a"+/ A*'/'/ "# "a+/ " HW G W , G G N GG G, J, G U , , G GG "+E. C G N U K D#/!',!'* '*'!'a "# +/ "a+/ W (HW A 18) W U H , HW U, U K G G 26 U G G 1. +H U D. 20 12. . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
I$ ' B D$ $'
S#/!aa AE D AE AE ++ D AE D ++ AE ++ D D ++ AE D D D D ++ ++ ++ AE D ++ AE
("BD-+)
E**!'a"+ *9#+ "# #
1. EK G H G L. 2. A G G N H G_`. 3. CG W K N U G G. 4. CG H V K W /. 5. C N G N H. 6. G G N H G . 7. CG G N H ( W) G GK /. 8. E G G N H . 9. K H/ G N H. 10. & H N JH. 11. "GK H H HS H H. 12. & N G/ . 13. & G G H H S G . 14. & G GK S/ H H. 15. EK G/ H H. 16. C N H G G K G G/ . 17. + G G G H H. 18. +L H H . 19. & N H G . 20. G G H H. 21. DGS L H H G N H G/. 22. C G G H H H. 23. & G U . 24. E H H W K G G/ /. 25. E N H H G. 26. H G H H .
A/'#a C+/'/ E.T = .11 E.T = .23
M
DE
1.86 1.32
.97 .83
.95 2.91
.21 8.02
2.70
1.16
.31
.21
1.98
.94
.73
-.12
1.94 1.35
1.07 .85
1.14 2.69
.77 6.62
1.87
.96
1.11
.86
1.59
.89
1.80
3.33
2.72
1.12
.22
-.59
1.77 3.15
.93 1.23
1.30 -.14
1.51 -.93
1.90 1.53
1.11 .90
1.14 1.78
.41 2.57
2.23 1.69 1.52
1.13 1.00 .91
.79 1.63 2.08
-.04 2.23 4.31
1.37
.88
2.72
7.12
1.37 1.69
.73 1.01
2.28 1.56
5.41 1.85
2.08 2.05
1.00 1.06
.86 1.00
.41 .52
1.97 2.01 1.76 2.73
1.05 1.05 1.17 1.25
1.02 .91 1.49 .23
.41 .18 1.10 -.93
1.86
1.00
1.22
1.10
AE = A E; D = DLW; ++ = +G +LW "$%/$ 1. E$'@ ' ' / 26 @ '/ IBD.
W, H G U G LW (5, 9, 11, 14, 20, 21, 22, 25), G G W . G H G 3.15 (U 11) K 1.32 (U 2) N N U G DLW H 1.32 (U 2) K 2.01 (U 23). C H U U, H G [ .73 (U 18) K 1.25 (U 25). U, J U 11 U H, N G U 2, 6, 16, +H U D. 2012 . . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
17 K 18, G G H U G 2. + G, G [, U 2 G G K G (8.02).
A*'/'/ $a!+'a #,+a+'+ (AFE) C H W G HW G AFE U . LW LW GL S JW K GW G S W G ( ), G
273
EG #. S FK +GL, C D F K C A FNL
W . E 2 L GG , G U S FK (1999), G J 36,75% HL L U. E J 18.23% HL W K GH U, G W G +G +LW ( U 5, 9, 11, 14, 20, 21, 22 K 25) K G (U 8) V HG DLW. [ .65 (U 20) K .41 (U 8). E H A C W G .74. E G , G J 10.52% HL, N GH U (2, 6, 12, 13,
;# 20 9 22 5 11 21 14 25 8 6 19 2 12 13 18 17 16 24 7 10 4 26 1 15 23 3
16, 17, 18, 19 K 24), W DLW, .67 (U 6) K .35 (U 24). E N G G G H A GU .74 ,76 U 24. E , G J 8% HL, U A E (U 1, 3, 4, 7, 10, 15, 23 K 26). -.67 (U 7) K -.47 (U 3), H C .73. E H A C , G, G .69 G U .76 S G U 24.
1
Fa!+ 2
3
.65 .60 .57 .57 .57 .57 .50 .43 .41 .31 -.06 .22 -.25 -.09 .32 .21 -.20 .20 .24 .16 .15 .24 .10 .13 .09 -.05
.07 .08 .09 .23 -.14 .16 .06 .13 .40 .67 .66 .63 .61 .58 .56 .55 .54 .35 .13 .21 .15 .40 -.04 .12 .22 -.02
-.13 -.06 -.39 -.00 -.07 -.17 -.45 -.24 -.19 -.07 -.20 -.06 -.17 -.16 -.20 -.05 -.08 -.09 -.67 -.65 -.61 -.58 -.58 -.56 -.52 -.47
"$%/$ 2. M$= ' $ $$/ '/ IBD.
A*'/'/ $a!+'a !+*$'a+'+ (AFC) E GW G J, W AFC "+E (HW 8.72) G 24 U G GS U 8 K 24, G G N G G H K G G DLW U U, G G U G. E "+E U H , S K , N, [ U G G.
274
D H H G U K G, W G GU GG GW GH HN G U (χ 2 = 4004.81, < .001). E G GL G S W N NJ HG G, GG ( K B, 1994). E , G U , 51 N : 24 , 24 S K 3 . HG G U: U χ 2 ( K B, 1994) K G , +&EA, +&+, ''F", CF" K
+H U D. 20 12. . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
I$ ' B D$ $' ("BD-+)
F". 3 K 2 LW χ 2 K G , G G K 0 K 2, G G G (B K , 1993). U +&EA K +&+, H U ,08 H G G , .05, G G G (BI K CG, 1993). E G ''F" K CF", H K G .95, K F" G ,90 (B, 1990; #Y K Y, 1993; G K I, 1973). G U H, .32 (U 18) K .69 (U 12) K H S G G .42 K .76. W S G U H H .35 W A E K DLW, .48 W A E K +G +LW K .15 W + G +LW K DLW. H U G H G G . E χ 2
Fa!+
++
D
AE
K B (752,70) K (249) G 3.02, G H +&EA, +&+, ''F", CF" K F" G .07, .08, .87, .88 K .85, H. G L G -5.31 W U 12 K 11, K 4.56 W U 4 K 3. H U W, H χ 2 GU K S W S U 6 K 2 (GW χ 2 = 191.3). D G N H HW G "BD, G H G [ U W. E G G N U 2, 18, 6, 14 K 3 G GG : U +G +LW (U 5, 9, 11, 20, 21, 22 K 25), DLW (U 12, 13, 16, 17 K 19) K A E (U 1, 4, 7, 10, 15, 23 K 26). E 3 G H U G . H G L H U (H > 2).
;#
Ca%a $a!+'a
Va+#/ t
T'*+/ "# #+
R 2
5 9 11 20 21 22 25
.48 .57 .62 .61 .55 .57 .52
8.22 10.10 9.94 10.71 9.90 10.33 8.40
.90 .94 1.11 .63 .82 .76 1.29
.20 .26 .26 .37 .27 .30 .17
12 13 16 17 19
.81 .51 .52 .25 .76
12.44 8.30 8.88 4.26 12.93
.53 .32 .56 .70 .43
.53 .32 .33 .08 .57
1 4 7 10 15 23 26
.40 .47 .59 .56 .50 .49 .60
7.86 8.62 11.55 10.73 8.15 8.26 10.08
.69 .67 .58 .55 .75 .86 .62
.18 .25 .37 .36 .25 .22 .37
"$%/$ 3. E$ '/ '/ 19 @, $*$' $.
W H H A E K +G +LW (.41), K A E K DLW (.29). H U G G G: χ 2/*/ = 2.04, +&EA = .05, +&+ = .06, ''F" = .93, CF" = .94 K F" = .92. G L G -4,50 (U 12 K 11) K 3,38 (U 22 K 21). E K χ 2 HU W U 22 K 21 (27.9) K U 22 K 9 (24.9).
+H U D. 2012 . . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
A*'/'/ "# #/ "# !+*/'/#*!'a '*#*a U- K H A C G 4. E N U ( 26 U 19) G H A C K G .70 ('GK, 1978), G G H GW U. E +G +LW GH G A C .70. E DLW W G H .72 K A E, H A C G .73. G G .75.
275
EG #. S FK +GL, C D F K C A FNL
Fa!+#/ ++ A= .70
D A= .72
AE A = .73
;#/
C+#a!'+*#/ #-$a!+ !+#%'"a/
A,&a /' /# #''*a # #
5 9 11 20 21 22 25
.38 .44 .43 .49 .41 .41 .35
.68 .66 .67 .65 .67 .67 .69
12 13 16 17 19
.58 .47 .48 .25 .62
.63 .68 .67 .75 .61
1 4 7 10 15 23 26
.38 .41 .52 .49 .43 .40 .48
.71 .71 .68 .69 .70 .71 .69
"$%/$ 4. A>/ ' @ < ' $ $.
D'/!/'* S FK . (2010), G N UG EBC-! + D, G A , +DG K K, " K A, V 2000 2009, G, G L, G HGW GG N GL U W &B" (& K #, 1981) K AB G + K (2001). G G "BD G L N &B" K G AB, , S N, N [ W GG G G W W, K G , J G W. , G W D G , G, H, W W G, , G , G S, GG , G U H G H G, W G . D W, K KN G U G W DLW G L W, K G G GG S & K # (1981), K G G G "BD-+ G G N . , N
276
G G &B", JGH, H G G G . D , G K D (1993) S G G "+E G HW &B" 18 U. , U G G \ W H G , U V , K H &B", B, K !K (1983), BK (1991, 1993), F, &", &$I K B (1985), K K (1988), "I K I (1981), L K & (1989) K I K (1986). U G G U "BD &B", !NL (2009); (2009); K AW (2008); G (2009). S G GL G G G J L GL &B", U, ! K W (2007), G U G GG K, , G G GN G. E &B", G H J, "BD-+, K U G G (&, # K , 1996), G G U H G U G GG U. E GG , K G G , G "BD-+ G G GG S G , N GG [
+H U D. 20 12. . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
I$ ' B D$ $' ("BD-+)
& K # (1981), DLW G G GW G &B" , G GLW W U, K G G HGW GG L. E "BD-+, N, 19 U G G GG W K G L, G HW "BD.
G , G G H, . G , GH G G [ N GG S "BD-+ K, , U G W EV AB D F (2010), N G G W G W W DLW "BD-+ K DHGW N DH AB.
"'E'A+" DE B+' E' DE+"A +E"AD (IBD-) AAB+A CAE: "H, EHGW, BGG, D. +E&E': HW I$ ' B D$ ("BD) G G HW G HGW U G GLW G U. E "BD, G GL GG G H H , GU G U G, G, L W . GW G GG, H HGW . , U U 460 G G G, K G G G S G G HGW "BD-+ G , U HGW G GG HS G : A E, DLW K +G +LW , G . "'E'a+" DE B+' E& DE+"A +E" ("BD-+) AA+A-C!AE: "HN, AHRQ, BGG, D. +E&: A HQ I> ' B D$ ("BD) GZ G HQ G HRQ U G GLG U. "BD, G G GG G H H , G G U G, G GZ, UH W . A- GRQ G GG, H HGRQ . M UG U 460 G G , UG G N- G S S G J G O HGRQ R "BD-+ G , HRQ G GG HS G T Z: E E, DLRQ +GL +LRQ , G .
R#$##*!'a/ A, C., D F, C., A, E., A, ". K +, . (2010). AW V A BGG G (AB) GG G. P+$, 22(2), 250-253. B, . &. (1990). CH J GG . P<+/*$/ B//, 107 (2), 238-246. B, . A., , +. . K !K, . C. (1983). & BGG "HK: F GG . P<+/*$/ , 53, 364-366. B, $. A. K , #. . (E.). (1993). "* $/ $ '/. 'IGK , CA: . BI, &. ., K CG, +. (1993). AH IK . E $. A. B K #. . (E.)."* $/ $ '/, (. 136-162). 'IGK , CA: . BK, B. &. (1991). & BGG "HK: H , K GHK G. M/$$ B+$$/ $+, 26 (4), 583-605. BK, B. &. (1993). & BGG "HK: HK H K, K . J$/ O$$/ $' O*$=$$/ P<+/*<, 66 (3), 197-212. C, &. K S FK, E. #. (2010). E U GG: EHGW W J N H. A$/ ' P/*@$, 26 (1), 159-168. CK, #. #. (1992). BGG : A G ?!/*< ! J$/ , 9(3), 271-285. D F, C. (2010). A'$$ ?$ ' $ ''$ ' % %$$'$ / '/ ABQ ' $' < !+. ( ; +G ). C: HL GW " CU, H C. D F, C., A, C., A, E., A ". K + . (2009). HW V A BGG G G G WH G. C$' ' P/*@$ '/ D, 9(2), 45-56 F, . $. (1989). A GG: H . ! P<+/* , 3(1), 63-71. F, !., &", #., &$I, . K B, . (1985). & BGG "H K: F GG G .P<+/*$/ , 57 , 147-150.
+H U D. 2012 . . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
277
EG #. S FK +GL, C D F K C A FNL
F, +. (1981). BG G: , KG G J _G` -G."+ , 3(10), 76-78; 80-83. FG, !. #. (1971). : 'I , I HI, I . E D. #. B K #. . IL (E.),"+ /: A < $$+ +$/+ $ $' '* $% . B, ": . S FK, E. #. (1999). B '$: ' ' /$ /$ ' $$%/ ' $/'$', '*>$ < '$ / @'. D G, H &G, &G. S FK, E. #. (2004). B '$: $ ' $ ' $/$ *$/. &: E. S FK, E. #. K CW, E. (2007). W H GG : G H. I$ P/*$, 91-92, 12-22. S FK, E. #., U, F. K C, &. (2010). BGG J H: N W N GW. A ' P/*@$, 28(2), 213-224. U, #. &., !, . K W, #. . (2007). L & BGG "HK (&B") G G ! GN H. A ' P/*@$, 25(2), 157-174. , D. E. K K, F. !. (1988). A - GG & BGG "HK. E'$$/ $' P<+/*$/ M$,48(3), 579-585. G, !., $P, ., !S, . K GH, C. (2007). H GG H ."+ ! P<+/* , 21(1), 21-37. !, B. . K , &. . (2009). G H GG: A JK K DH " G-. A+/ I*+: "+ O/ J$/ ! P<+/*<, 11(2), . !NL, .D. (2009). L$ $ '/ @' ' % $/ ' '$ /$ ?/ ' /*$ , $$ / D !$$. G, H F C +, C +. !, A. ., !, !. $., A, . +. K &GK, #. #. (2010). GG K : G H I-. "+ ! P<+/* , 24(1), 16-34. !, $., , C. K ', #. . (2008). BGG GK: + I K G. J$/ ! !, 26 (8), 835-844. "I, E. F. K I, +. . (1981). A H GK & BGG "HK. E'$$/ $' P<+/*$/ M$ , 41(4), 1167-1174. #SL, ., #, . K U, C. (1995). H J H K U GG. EG # C* N$$/ ' P/*@$ ' /$ A'$' F@$ < / D. . #Y, $. . K Y, D. (1993). "+E 8. !$/ E$ M'/* + + !IMPLI! C$' L$*$*. !, '#: EA. L, &. K &, . (1989). & BGG "HK: F GG . P<+/*$/ , 64, 1059-1063. &, C. K #, . E. (1981). MBI: M$/$+ B I<. M$$/. A, CA: CG K . &, C., #, . E. K , &. . (1996). "+ M$/$+ B I< M$$/. (3] .). A, CA: CG K . 'GK, #. C. (1978). P<+ +< (2] .). 'GH : &I-!. , +. (2009). A>/ ' /$ /$ / @' ' % < / / ' $$ '$ ' ' '/$: C$ E$' ' M?;. & D EG AHL, H W, W. I, . K , $. F. (1986). +K G HK & BGG "HK GHK G. E'$$/ $' P<+/*$/ M$, 46 (1), 251-255. +, . D. K , A. (2001). DH K H GG G. J$/ ! & E; P<+/*<, 23(4), 281-306. , A. K B, . &. (1994). C H GG K. E A. EK K C. C. (E.). L$ $$%/ $$/<: A/$ '/ $+, (. 399-410). G , CA: . G, . B. K D, D. (1993). G H K I GG G. J$/ O*$=$$/ B+$, 14(7), 631-647. , . . K , .. (1991). : A K, G, GG. J$/ ! $' E; P<+/*<, 13(3), 254-265. , C. A. K AW, +. (2008). BGG K .P/*@$: A$ /$ '/$, 2 (1), 4978. , A. ., G, !. K !S, . (2010). H GG . P<+/*< ! $' E;, 11(6), 453-460. , +. E. (1986). I H-H GG. J$/ ! P<+/*<, 8(1), 36-50. G, . +. K I, C. (1973). A K JG K.P<+$, 38, 1-10. G, . (2009). * ' $%$' ' %/$. D G, H AGW B, B. G, . K S FK, E. #. (2010). BGG "S: U HW.C$' ' P/*@$ '/ D, 10(1), 47-56
278
+H U D. 20 12. . 21, [. 2, . 271-278
