UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA GEOLOGICA Y METALURGICA
INFORME DE PRÁCTICAS DE ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL PUMPERIA
CURSO: ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL PRESENTADO PRESENTADO POR: BELLIDO TURPO, Jin Gilbert SEMESTRE VI PROFESOR: In! M!S"! CD . ERASMO G! CARNERO CARNERO! PUNO # PERU $%&'
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INDICE
AGRADESIMIENTO! CAPITULO I : INTRODUCCION PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA……………………………………………… OBJETIVO……………………………………………………………………………… JUSTIFICACION………………………………………………………………………… METOLOGIA…………………………………………………………………………
CAPITULO II MARCO TEORICO 2.1 MARCO REFERENCIAL REFERENCIAL (REVISION (REVISION BIBLIOGRAFIC BIBLIOGRAFICA A RELACIONADA RELACIONADA AL TEMA DE DE LA LA PRÁCTICA)………………………………………………… 2.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL CONCEPTUAL (TERMINOLOGÍA FUNDAMENTAL UTILIZADA EN EL TEXTO)………………………………………………………………………… TEXTO)……………………………………………………………………………… ……
CAPITULO III CARACTIRI(ACION GEOLOGICA DEL AREA GENERALIDADES ………...………………………………………………………….. UBICACIÓN (PLANO)………………………………………………………… (P LANO)………………………………………………………………… ……… ACCESIBILIDAD………………………………………………………………………. ASPECTOS CLIMATICOS…………………………………………………………………………… TEMPERATURA………………………………………………………………………… PRECIPITACION……………………………………………………………………… EVAPORACION………………………………………………………………………… UMEDAD……………………………………………………………………………… OTROS ASPECTOS DE INTERES
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INDICE
AGRADESIMIENTO! CAPITULO I : INTRODUCCION PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA……………………………………………… OBJETIVO……………………………………………………………………………… JUSTIFICACION………………………………………………………………………… METOLOGIA…………………………………………………………………………
CAPITULO II MARCO TEORICO 2.1 MARCO REFERENCIAL REFERENCIAL (REVISION (REVISION BIBLIOGRAFIC BIBLIOGRAFICA A RELACIONADA RELACIONADA AL TEMA DE DE LA LA PRÁCTICA)………………………………………………… 2.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL CONCEPTUAL (TERMINOLOGÍA FUNDAMENTAL UTILIZADA EN EL TEXTO)………………………………………………………………………… TEXTO)……………………………………………………………………………… ……
CAPITULO III CARACTIRI(ACION GEOLOGICA DEL AREA GENERALIDADES ………...………………………………………………………….. UBICACIÓN (PLANO)………………………………………………………… (P LANO)………………………………………………………………… ……… ACCESIBILIDAD………………………………………………………………………. ASPECTOS CLIMATICOS…………………………………………………………………………… TEMPERATURA………………………………………………………………………… PRECIPITACION……………………………………………………………………… EVAPORACION………………………………………………………………………… UMEDAD……………………………………………………………………………… OTROS ASPECTOS DE INTERES
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!.2 ESTRATIGRAFIA ("#$%&'%'* "# +, #-&+/0, #-&/&,0, $#"'3#*-+/0, #$-&,-'/&, #$-&,-'/&,0, 0, "# +,$ &3,%'*# &3,%'*#$$ /#+/'%, /#+/'%,$$ "#+ 4&#, "# '*+5#*%', '*+5#*%', "# +, &4%-'%, &4%-'%, '*%+56#*" -/&,0,$.)……………………………………………………… -/&,0,$.)………………………………………………………………… ………… !.2.1 FORMACION CALIZAS A7ABACAS…………………………………………. A7ABACAS…………………………………………. !.2.2 GRUPO PUNO………………………………………………………… PUNO…………………………………………………………………… ………… !.2.! GRUPO GRUPO TACAZA ……………………………………………………………….. !.2.8 GRUPO BARROSO ………………………………………………………………. !.2.9 DEPOSITOS RECIENTES ………………………………………………………. !.2.: ROCAS INTRUSIVAS ………………………………………………………….. !.2.; PLANO GEOLOGICO ………………………………………………………….. !.2.< SECCIONES GEOLOGICAS ………………………………………………….. !.2.= OTRAS ILUSTRACIONES RELEVANTES…………………………………..
GEOLOGIA ESTRUCTURAL)))))))))))))))))))))! ESTRUCTURAL)))))))))))))))))))))! ESTILO 7 AMBIENTE ESTRUCTURAL LOCAL ………………………………….. FALLAMIENTO………………………………………………………………………. DIACLASAMIENTO………………………………………………………………….. PLEGAMIENTO…………………………………………………………………………. DISCORDANCIAS……………………………………………………………………… CONTACTOS……………………………………………………………………………. TECTONICA……………………………………………………………………………. AMBIENTE TECTONICO…………………………………………………………….. TECTONICO…………………………………………………………….. FASE TECTONICO………………… TECTONICO………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………................. ....... CARACTERISTICAS ESTRUCTURALES……………………………………………. ESTRUCTURALES……………………………………………. SISTEMA DE FALLAS PUNO………………………………………………… PUNO…………………………………………………………. ……….
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GEOMORFOLOGIA)))))))))))))))))))))))))! RELIEVE………………………………………………………………………………… LLANURA LACUSTRE ……………………………………………………………….. LADERAS……………………………………………………………………………….. TERAZAS………………………………………………………………………………. CONOS ALUVIALES………………………………………………………………….. CAUSES FLUVIALES…………………………………………………………………. >UEBRADAS………………………………………………………………………….. CONOS DE DE7ECTIVOS…………………………………………………………… IDROLOGIA…………………………………………………………………………. GEODINAMICA EXTERNA………………………………………………………….
CAPITULO IV: ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL *!&! CARACTIRI(ACION DE LA MATRI( ROCOSA))))))))))) 8.1.1 IDENDIFICACION …………………………………………………………….. 8.1.2 METIORIZACION……………………………………………………………… 8.1.! RESISTENCIA………………………………………………………………….. *!$ DESCRIPCION DE LAS DISCONTINUIDADES)))))))))))) 8.2.1 ORIENTACION ………………………………………………………………… 8.2.2 ESPACIADO……………………………………………………………………. 8.2.! CONTINUIDAD………………………………………………………………… 8.2.8 RUGOSIDAD…………………………………………………………………… 8.2.9 RESISTENCIA DE LAS PAREDES……………………………………………. 8.2.: ABERTURA…………………………………………………………………….. 8.2.; RELLENO………………………………………………………………………. 8.2.< FILTRACIONES………………………………………………………………. 8.2.= TIPO DE DESCONTINUIDADES……………………………………………. *!' PARAMETROS +UE CARACTERI(AN AL MACI(O ROCOSO)))! 8.!.1 DESCRIPCION DEL AFLORAMIENTO 7 DIVISION EN ZONA………….. 8.!.2 NUMERO DE FAMILIAS DE DISCONTINUIDADES ……………………… 8.!.2.1 TAMA?O DE BLO>UE ………………………………………………………. 8.!.2.2 GRADO DE FRACTURACION……………………………………………….. 8.!.2.! METIORIZACION……………………………………………………………… 8.!.2.8 RESSTENCIA…………………………………………………………………… *!* REGISTRO DE OPERACIONES DE CAMPO)))))))))))) 8.8.1 TOMA DE DATOS ESTRUCTURALES ………………………………………. 8.8.2 REGISTRO DE OPERACIONES DE CAMPO………………………………….
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8.8.!
PRO7ECCIONES ESTEREOGRAFICAS………………………………………. ,) DIAGRAMA DE POLOS ……………………………………………….. @) DIAGRAMA DE CONTEO……………………………………………… %) DIAGRAMA DE FRECUENCIAS…………………………………… ") DIAGRAMA DE PLANOS…………………………………………… *! ENSAYO DE LABORATORIO))))))))))))))))))) *!- DISCUSION DE RESULTADOS))))))))))))))))))!! 1
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INDICE AGRADECIMIENTO! M' $'*%#& 6 #$#%',+ ,/&,"#%'3'#*- , 5* /&,* ,3'/ Di./, 0.r "-,&3# +, $5'%'#*-# 5#&, 0$'%, #$'&'-5,+ 6 #3%'*,+. A +, F,%5+-," "# I*/#*'#&0, G#+/'%, 7 I*/#*'#&0, M#-,+&/'%, FIGIM "# +, Uni1er/i232 N3"i.n3l 2el Alti0l3n. # P4n. & @&'*",&3# +, &-5*'"," 6 %@',&3# #* $5$ ,5+,$ 6 ,$0 "#& &#,+',& 3'$ #$-5"'$ 6 %*-&'@5'& ,+ #&#%%'*,3'#*- "# 3' *@+# &#$'*. A+ I*/. M.S% E&,$3 G. C,&*#& C,&*#&, & $5 ,6 '*"#$3,6,@+# #* +, ,%#&-,", &'#*-,%'* 6 %*$##&0, "5&,*-# +,$ &,$ "# -&,@, #* #+ %5&$ "# ANALISIS ESTRUCTURAL 6 , 3'$ ,"&#$ 5# 3# ,6,* '*%*"'%'*,+3#*-#
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CAPITULO I INTRODUCCION E* &'3#& +5/,& 6 "# &3, 356 %*%'$, &#%&",$ +$ %*%#-$ "# D'&#%%'* @5,3'#*- &#,+ 6 ,,&#*-# 6 $#*-'" "# @5,3'#*- "# 5* +,* %* @#- "# 5# #+ ,+53* %*%, #&#%-,3#*-# -"$ #$-$ -H&3'*$ 6 * ,6, %*5$'* , +, &, "# &6#%-,& %5,+5'#&, "# #++$ L, /#+/0, #$-&5%-5&,+ -&,-, "# %3 &#$*"#* +,$ &%,$ , +, ,+'%,%'* "# 5#&,$ "#&3,*-#$ 6 "# +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ 5# &#$5+-,* "# +, "#&3,%'*. L, %5#$-'* $# # ,+'%,", & +, #*&3# ,&'#"," "# %3$'%'*#$ 503'%,$ 6 3'*#&,+/'%,$ 5# 5#"#* -#*#& +, &%, G#+/0, #$-&5%-5&,+ #$ +, ,&-# "# +, %'#*%', /#+/'%, 5# $# #*%,&/, "# #$-5"',& +, ,&5'-#%-5&, "# +, -'#&&, 6 +,$ ,&-0%5+,$ "# +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ 6 "#$,&&++ "# +, %&-#, -#&&#$-&# &#+,%'*,"$ %* +$ &%#$$ 3#%,*'$3 3'3'#*-$ 6 "#&3,%'*#$ 5# #* #++, -'#*# +5/,&. A*-# -" #$-5"', #+ ,$#%- #-#&'& 3&+/'% "# +,$ &3,%'*#$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$
PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA OBJETIVO SU PRINCIPAL OBJETIVO C*$'$-# #$-5"',& +$ 3#%,*'$3$ "# +, &3,%'* "# +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ 6 +$ #*3#*$ 5# ,%-5,&* , -&,H$ "#+ -'#3 "#+ -'#3 $@&# +,$ &%,$ 5# $* +, %,5$, "# +,$ &3,$ 5# &#$#*-,* ,%-5,+3#*-# #* #+ +5/,& "# +, NINA ESCUELA
OBJETIVO ESPEC5FICO +, /#+/0, #$-&5%-5&, #$-,@+#%#& +, '$-&', "# "#$+,,3'#*-$ "#&3,%'*#$ #$5#& #+%'","#$ "# "#&3,%'*#$ -#3#&,-5&,$ 6 &#$'*#$ $5&'",$ & +, %&-#, 6 +, ,&-# $5#&'& "#+ 3,*- -#&&#$-&#.
JUSTIFICACION E$-# -&,@, #$-4 ,3+',3#*-# 5$-''%,"$ & '*#$ "# #$-5"' 6 6 "# '*#$-'/,%'* A$0 %3 ,&, +, ,"5'$'%'* "# 3,6&#$ %*%'3'#*-$ &4%-'%$
METOLOGIA L, 3#-"+/0, ,&, #+ #$-5"' "# +, /#+/0, #$-&5%-5&,+ $* &%#$$ "# &3,%'* "# 5# "0,3$ @$#&,& #* +, $,+'", "# %,3 %3 ,++,$ "',%+,$, 3#-#&',%'*.
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CAPITULO II MARCO TEORICO E* +,$ &%,$ #$-$ 3'3'#*-$ %,5$,* +#/,3'#*-$ ,++,3'#*-$ &,%-5&,$ 5*"'3'#*-$ +#,*-,3'#*-$ "#$+,,3'#*-$ %3&#*$'*#$ #-%. >5# ",* +5/,& , 5*, $#&'# "# #$-&5%-5&,$ /#+/'%,$ .-",$ #$-,$ "#&3,%'*#$ $* $'@+#$ #* +, 3,6&0, "# +,$ &%,$ 6 #* ,&-'%5+,& +,$ $#"'3#*-,&',$ 5# $* +4$-'%$. 2.1 MARCO REFERENCIAL (REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA RELACIONADA AL TEMA DE LA PRÁCTICA) 2.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL (TERMINOLOGÍA FUNDAMENTAL UTILIZADA EN EL TEXTO)
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CAPITULO III CARACTIRI(ACION GEOLOGICA DEL AREA GENERALIDADES UBICACI6N 7PLANO8 E+ 4&#, "# -&,@, $# #*%5#*-&, 5@'%,", #* PUMPERIA "# +, %'5"," "# P5*. P+0-'%,3#*-# #+ 4&#, "# #$-5"' $# #*%5#*-&, 5@'%,", "# +, $'/5'#*-# 3,*#&,
CUADRO N9 %& UBICACI6N POLITICA REGION
P5*
DEPARTAMENTO
P5*
PROVINCIA
P5*
DISTRITO
P5*
LUGAR
PUMPERIA
F5#*-# E+,@&,%'* &',
ACCESIBILIDAD L, ,%%#$'@'+'"," ,+ 4&#, #+&,", $# &#,+', -3,*" 5*, 5*'"," 3'+ "# +, %'5"," "# 5* %* "#$-'* , +, MINA ESCUELA +, 0, #$ 5*, %,&&#-#&, ,$,+-,", , ,&-'& "# #$# 5*- +, 0, "# ,%%#$ $# -&*, ,'&3,", ++#/,*" ,&'3,",3#*-# 1K 3'*5-$
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ASPECTOS CLIMATICOS
TEMPERATURA L, %+'3,-+/0, "# -", +, @,0, $# #*%5#*-&, '*+5#*%',", & +,$ -#3#&,-5&,$ 3#"',$ ,*5,+#$ 5# $# &#/'$-&,* #* -", +, %5#*%, #*"&&#'%, "#+ ,+-'+,* +$ %5,+#$ ,&0,* #*-&# ; 6 1KC. A+&#"#"& "#+ +,/ 3'$3 +,$ -#3#&,-5&,$ &3#"' $'* #3@,&/ $* $5#&'&#$ , <C. U*, #,+5,%'* *&3,+ $# #$-'3, 5# +, -#3#&,-5&, 3#"', ,*5,+ , *'#+ "#+ +,/ "#@#&0, $#& "# KC #& $'* #3@,&/ $# ,-&'@56# +, "'#&#*%', "# -#3#&,-5&, ,+ ##%- -H&3'% "# +, 3,$, "# ,/5, 5# ,%-, %3 5* '*3#*$ -#&3&&#/5+,"&.
E* -", +, B,0, "# P5* +,$ -#3#&,-5&,$ 3#"',$ 34$ @,,$ -'#*#* +5/,& #* 5+' ,+%,*,*" , 3#*&#$ "# K C. T#*'#*" %*/#+,3'#*- , +,$ &'++,$ "# +, @,0, #+ %5,+ #$ -#3&,", "# + # * '*'#&* 3'#*-&,$ 5# +,$ 34$ #+#,",$ $# $'-,* "# "'%'#3@&# , 3,& ,+%,*,*" & 33#*-$ -#3#&,-5&,$ , +$ 19 , 2K C + 5# /#*#&,+3#*-# $# #&%'@#* #* #@&#&.
PRECIPITACION L,$ &#%''-,%'*#$ "# +,$ ++5',$ #$-4* &#+,%'*,"$ & +, '*+5#*%', "#+ +,/ 5# #$ %*$#%5#*%', "# $5 #-#*$, $5#&'%'# +'/,", , 5* +53#* '3&-,*-# "#@'" , +,$ /&,*"#$ &5*"'","#$. L, 5#&-# %,,%'"," "# ,@$&%'* "# +,$ &,"',%'*#$ $+,&#$ '*"5%# -#3#&,-5&,$ "# +,$ ,/5,$ (1K , 18C) *#-,3#*-# 34$ #+#,",$ 5# +,$ "#+ ,'&# "# +,$ -'#&&,$ %'&%5*",*-#$. L, &#$-'-5%'* -H&3'%, & +, 3,$, "# ,/5, #$ #*-*%#$ &/&#$',. P,$,*" & #+ +,/ #+ ,'&# $# %,+'#*-, #*&'5#%'H*"$# ,+ 3'$3 -'#3 #* ,& "# ,/5,. S5&# #*-*%#$ 5*, ,$%#*$'* 34$ 5#&-# "5&,*-# +, *%# 6, 5# #+ %*-&,$-# "# -#3#&,-5&, $# ,%#*-,. E$-, %*#%%'* &%, -&3#*-,$ 34$ &#%5#*-#$ $@&# #+ +,/ 5# $@&# +,$ -'#&&,$ %* 5* --,+ $5#&'& ,
EVAPORACION L, #,&,%'* 3#"', ,*5,+ "#+ -,*5# -' A #* +, #$-,%'* P5* #$ "# 2K1K33,. L, #,-&,*$'&,%'* -#*%',+ 3#"', ,*5,+ #$-'3,", %* +, &35+, "# P#*3,* %* ",-$ "# +, #$-,%'* P5* #$ "# 12:= 33,. T,*- +, #,&,%'* %3 +, #,-&,*$'&,%'* - # * % ' , + %&&#$*"#* , , + & # $ ,+-$ %3 %*$#%5#*%', "# +, ,+-, &,"',%'* $+,&. 10
UMEDAD L, 53#"," &#+,-', 3#"', ,*5,+ #* #+ %*-&* "#+ +,/ ,&0, "# 9K , :9 ,&, -#3#&,-5&,$ "# < , 1KC.
OTROS ASPECTOS DE INTERES '!$ ESTRATIGRAFIA 7DESCRIPCI6N DE LA PETROLOG5A, PETROGRAF5A, SEDIMENTOLOG5A, ESTRATIGRAF5A DE LAS FORMACIONES GEOL6GICAS DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DE LA PRÁCTICA, INCLUYENDO FOTOGRAF5AS!8! !.2.1 FORMACION CALI(AS AYABACAS M#"',*-# +$ #$-5"'$ &#,+',"$ 5'#*#$ &5$'#&* 6 "#'*'#&* #+ *3@&# "# F&3,%'* A6,@,%,$ $* C,@&#&, 6 P#-#&$#* (1=!:) +, "#*3'*,%'* "#&', "# +, +%,+'"," "# A6,@,%,$ 5@'%4*"$# #*-&# +, %,&&#-#&, J5+',%, T,&,%. S# %3*# & 5*, $#%5#*%', "# %,+',$ $,@'#*" 5# #$-# 3,-#&',+ #$ "# &'/#* 3,&'* &#$#*-4*"$# #* &3, 3,$', %* 5*, %+&,%'* /&'$ "#@'" , +, "'$+5%'* "# 3'*#&,+#$ 5# &#$#*-, +, %,+', +, $5#&'%'# $# &#$#*-, 4$#&, #$ "#%'& %,&$-'%,. E* #+ %5,"&4*/5+ "# P5* #$-, &3,%'* $# #*%5#*-&, +%,+3#*-#.
!.2.2 GRUPO PUNO F5# G#&-' (1=19) 5'#* "#$%&'@' & &'3#&, # +, +'-+/0, '"#*-''%,*" ,+/5*$ ,+&,3'#*-$ "# %,,$ &,$ ,&#*'$%,$ 6 %*/+3#&,"$. S#/5'" "# G#&-' C,@&#&, +, R$, 6 P#-#&$#* (1=!:) "#$'/*,* #+ *3@&# "# F&3,%'* P5* "#$5H$ "# &#,+',& ,3+'$ -&,@,$ #* +, R#/'* "#+ A+-'+,* N#Q#++ (1=8=) "#'*#* , #$-, 5*'"," %3 G&5. E+ 3#"' "# &3,%'* "#+ G&5 P5* #$ "# ,3@'#*-# %*-'*#*-,+ 5# %*$'$-# "# ,&#*'$%,$ %*/+3#&,"$ +'3*'-,$ %,+',$. L,$ ,&#*'$%,$ $* #* -" +5/,& #+"#$4-'%,$ 6 5$,*" #+ #$5#3, "# PETTIJON (1=;9) $# +# 5#"# %+,$''%,& &'*%',+3#*-# %3 ,&%$,$ $* /#*#&,+3#*-# "# %+& &$," , 3,&&* &' @'#* %+,$''%,"$ ,&',*" #+ -,3, "# '* , /&5#$. L,$ ,&#*'$%,$ /#*#&,+3#*-# &#$#*-,* @,, &$'"," 6 +$ #$,%'$ '*-#&/&,*5+,&#$ $# #*%5#*-&,* %5,"$ & 5*, 3,-&' "# /&,* '* 5# %*$'$-# "# 3'*#&,+#$ "# ,&%'++, %,+%'-, +$ &,/3#*-$ +0-'%$ $* %35*#$.
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L$ %*/+3#&,"$ "#+ G&5 P5* %*-'#*#* 5*, ,&'#"," "# %+,$-$ +$ %5,+#$ '*%+56#* %,+',$ /&'$#$ %5,&%'-,$ 6 ,&#*'$%,$ &,$ +'3*'-,$ #*,$ "# %5,&.
!.2.! GRUPO TACA(A F5# #3+#," & &'3#&, # & J#*$ (1=89) "#'*'" &3,+3#*-# & N#Q#++ (1=8=) "#$%&'@'#*" 5*, /&,* ,%535+,%'* "# &%,$ +%4*'%,$. E* #+ %5,"&4*/5+ "# P5* #+ G&5 T,%,, $# #*%5#*-&, #* %*-,%- ,&,+#+ $@&# #+ G&5 P5*. E* #+ 43@'- "# +, &#/'* #$-, %*$'"#&,", %3 &%,$ +%4*'%,$ ,*"#$0-'%,$. L, $#%5#*%', "#+ G&5 T,%,, %#&%, , P5* %*$'$-# &#"3'*,*-#3#*-# "# ,*"#$'-,$ /&'$ 4+'" , #&"# & 3&," "# /&,* '* %* ,@5*",*-# +,/'%+,$,. L,$ +,,$ #$'%5+,&#$ #$-4* +%,+3#*-# ,#%-,",$ & 5* '*-#3#&'$3 #-#*$ &#$#*-,*" 5*, %+&,%'* #&"# 4+'" ,3,&'++ ,*,&,*,". E$-,$ $* +,$ &3,$ 3,$ &#%5#*-#$ 5# $# #*%5#*-&,* +$ ,+&,3'#*-$ "#+ G&5 T,%,,.
!.2.8 GRUPO BARROSO F5# "#'*'" & MENDIVIL (1=:9) #* 5*, %,"#*, "# %*$ +%4*'%$ 5@'%,"$ #* +, %&"'++#&, "#+ B,&&$. C3&#*"# 5*, $#%5#*%', "# &%,$ +%4*'%,$ 6 +%,*%+4$-'%,$ "#$,&&++,",$ "5&,*-# "'#&#*-#$ ##*-$ "# #&5%'* +%4*'%,. L'-+/'%,3#*-# $# %*&3, "# 5*, ,+-#&*,*%', "# "#&&,3#$ "# +,, %35#$-, "# ,*"#$'-,$ ,*"#$'-,$ @,$4+-'%,$ 6 -&,5'-,$ "# -#-5&,$ #$'%5+,&#$ 6 &'&0-'%,$ 6 ,%535+,%'*#$ "# '&%+,$-$ "# %+& /&'$ %+,&.
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S5$ ,+&,3'#*-$ -0'%$ $# %,&,%-#&',* & +, &#$#*%', "# "'$65*%'* %+53*,& ,+ '*,+ "# +,$ %+,",$ "# +,,. D# '/5,+ 3,*#&, ,* $'" ,#%-,",$ & +, O&/#*', A*"'*, & + 5# $# &#$#*-,* @+5#$ "# +,, $+'"''%,", $#,&,", & ,++,$. S5&,6,%# ,+ /&5 T,%,, & + 5# $# +# ,-&'@56# +, #"," "# N#/#*C5,-#&*,&'.
!.2.9 DEPOSITOS RECIENTES
DEPOSITO ALUVIAL L$ "#$'-$ ,+5',+#$ $# #*%5#*-&,* #* ,++#$ "#&#$'*#$ 6 ++,*5&,$ $# &#$#*-,* "#$'-$ ,+5',+#$ &#$#*-4*"$# #$,&%'",$ $@&# #+ ,+-'+,* %#&&,*" ,+ L,/ T'-'%,%, #$-, &3,%'* #$-, %3&#*"'", "# ,&%'++,$ 6 +'3$ ,&#*,$ 6 /&,,$ * %*$+'",",$ "#$'-,",$ & +, %&&'#*-# "# &0$ +5$ "# ,/5, -",$ '*%+56#* $#"'3#*-$ +5',+#$ 6 %+5',+#$. L,$ ++,*5&,$ ,+5',+#$ "#+ ,+-'+,* #$-4* %3&#*"'",$ &#"3'*,*-#3#*-# "# ,&#*,$ @'#* /&,"5,",$.
DEPOSITO ALUVIAL
DEP6SITO FLUVIAL S# %3*#* "# &,/3#*-$ ,*/5+,&#$ "# -,3,$ 5# ,* "# '* 3#"' , /&5#$ "# ,&#*'$%,$ %5,&$,$ &"#,"$ & 5*, 3,-&' ,&%'++$, #$-# -' "# 3,-#&',+ $* -&,*$&-,"$ #* -#3&,",$ "# ,#*'", 6 $#%5#*-#3#*-# ,* $'#*" "#$'-,"$.
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DEPÓSITO FLUVIAL
!.2.: ROCAS INTRUSIVAS E* +, *, "# S,+%#" $# +/&, @$#&,$ #+ ,+&,3'#*- "# 5* %5#& 0/*# '*-&5$' "# %3$'%'* "'&0-'%, +, %5,+ ,%# %*-,%- +'-+/'% %* +, F3. A6,@,%,$ &"5%'#*" ,"#34$ 5* 3#-,3&'$3 "# %*-,%- & + 5# $# &#$#*-, #5#$ ,+&,3'#*-$ "# 34&3+. S# +# ,$'/*, +, #"," "# N#/#*M'%#* 5#$ #$-# '*-&5$' ++#/, , ,#%-,& ,+ G&5 T,%,, 6 #$ &@,@+#3#*-# #+ &'*%',+ %,5$,*-# "# +, 3'*#&,+',%'* #* +, *, "# M,*- P53#&0, 6 -&,$ *,$ ,"6,%#*-#$.
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!.2.; PLANO GEOLOGICO
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GEOLOGIA ESTRUCTURAL ESTILO Y AMBIENTE ESTRUCTURAL LOCAL FALLAMIENTO E+ #$-5"' "# +,$ ,++,$ #$ "# $53, '3&-,*%', ,&, +, "#'*'%'* "# +, /#+/0, #$-&5%-5&,+ "# +, -#%-*'%, "# +, &#/'* +, &4%-'%, 5# #3$ -#*'" #* #+ +5/,& "# +, 3'*, #$%5#+, #$ "# $53,$ '3&-,*-# ,&, *$-&$ ,&, "#'*'& +,$ $'%'*#$ "#$+,,3'#*-$ "# +,$ #-,$ 3'*#&,+',",$ "# +$ %5#&$ 3'*#&,+',",$ 6 -,3@'H* #$ "# $53, '3&-,*%', ,&, #+ #$-5"' "# +$ 6,%'3'#*-$ #-&+0#&$ $# -#*#3$ ,++,$ '3&-,*-#$ #$-&5%-5&,$ /#+/'%,$ -' ,++,$ 6 +#/,3'#*-$ 5# $'/5#* +, "'&#%%'* "#+ +#/,3'#*- ,*"'* #$ "#%'& SENO.
F,++, "# +5/,& "# 3'*, #$%5#+, 2K1! -,3@'H* "0,3$ #& "''" "# '#&& &#%''-," "&0, $#& ,&',", #+ %+& "# '" 34$ %,&,%-#&0$-'% #$ & 6 "# +$ '"&,-$ 3,&&*#$ ,&, ,3,&'++ #& #+ %+& * #$ 5*, /50, #& $#/5& 5#"# "#-#&3'*,& +, %3$'%'*
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F,++,$ 5# "0,3$ #*%*-&,& @$#&,& #* #+ +5/,& "*"# &%#"#3$ "# +, 3'*, #$%5#+, -,3@'H* "0,3$ @$#&,& 3'*#&,+#$ %3 +, /,+#*, ,&/#*-0#&, @,&'-'*, $'+3#+,*
TIPOS DE FALLAS
ESTR5AS L0*#,$ '*,$ ,&&'@, "# 5* +,* "# ,++,. E$-,$ +0*#,$ '*"'%,* ,"#34$ +, &'#*-,%'* "#+ "#$+,,3'#*- 6 $'@+#3#*-# #+ $#*-'". (VH,$# -) S# #*%5#*-&, #* %,$' -"$ +$ +5/,&#$ 6 #+ &#%*%'3'#*- #$ 4%'+. P&@+#3,$ E$-&0,$ $+ 3,&%,* #+ +-'3 3'3'#*- %5,+ $'@+#3#*-# * %'*%'"# %* #+ 3'3'#*- /#*#&,+. P,&, $#*-'& %* #+ "#" #+ $#*-'" "#+ 3'3'#*- %5#$-, 6 $# 5#"# #5'%,&$#.
DIACLASAS PLUMOSAS DE CI(ALLE D5&,*-# 5* 3'3'#*- -#%-*'% $# 5#"# ,@&'&$# #5#,$ &,%-5&,$ %5,+#$ $# &#++#*,* %* %,+%'-, 6#$ %5,&. (VH,$# -) L, &3, #$ $'#3&# %3 5* S 6 #* "'3#*$'*#$ #*-&# 3'+03#-&$ ,$-, 3#-&$
DIACLASAMIENTO U*, 2i3"l3/3 (, -&,H$ "# &-5&,) #$ 5*, &,%-5&, #* +,$ &%,$ 5# * , ,%3,,", "# "#$+',3'#*- "# +$ @+5#$ 5# "#-#&3'*, * $'#*" #+ "#$+,,3'#*- 34$ 5# 5*, 30*'3, $#,&,%'* -&,*$#&$,+. S# "'$-'*/5#* +$ -&#$ $'$-#3,$ "# +,$ &%,$ %3 #$ +,$ %,+',$ ,6,@,%,$ &,%-5&,$ #* +,$ 5# $0 ,6 "#$+',3'#*- "# +$ @+5#$. S* #$-&5%-5&,$ 356 ,@5*",*-#$.
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PLEGAMIENTO E+ #$-5"' "# +,$ ,++,$ #$ "# $53, '3&-,*%', ,&, +, "#'*'%'* "# +, /#+/0, #$-&5%-5&,+ "# +, -#%-*'%, "# +, &#/'* +, &4%-'%, 5# #3$ -#*'" #* #+ +5/,& "# +, *, "# ,+&,3'#*- #$ "# $53,$ '3&-,*-# ,&, *$-&$ ,&, "#'*'& +,$ $'%'*#$ "#$+,,3'#*-$ "# +$ %5#&$ 3'*#&,+',*-#$ 6 -,3@'H* #$ "# $53, '3&-,*%', ,&, #+ #$-5"' "# +$ 6,%'3'#*-$ #-&+0#&$ $# -#*#3$ ,++,$ '3&-,*-#$ #$-&5%-5&,$ /#+/'%,$ -' ,++,$ 6 +#/,3'#*-$ 5# $'/5#* +, "'&#%%'* "#+ +#/,3'#*- ,*"'* #$ "#%'& SENO
PLIEGUES E* 35%,$ &%,$ +,$ 5# 5* "0, 5#&* $5#&'%'#$ +,*,$ $# , "#&3," 6 %*#&-'" #* $5#&'%'#$ %5&,$ * +,*,$. E$-,$ *5#,$ #$-&5%-5&,$, $# ++,3,* +'#/5#$. L$ +'#/5#$ $* 5'4 +, 3,*'#$-,%'* 34$ %&&'#*-# 34$ #'"#*-# "# +, "#&3,%'* "%-'+ "# +,$ &%,$. S# &3,* @, %*"'%'*#$ 356 ,&',",$ "# #$5#& &#$'* '"&$-4-'%, &#$'* "# +$ +5'"$ '*-#&$-'%',+#$ 6 -#3#&,-5&, -,+ %3 &#$5+-, ,-#*-# & $5 &#$#*%', #* $#"'3#*-$ @+,*"$ #* &%,$ $#"'3#*-,&',$ #* -", +, /,3, "# &%,$ 3#-,3&'%,$ # '*%+5$ #* +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &'3,&',$ "# +5 "# ,+/5*,$ &%,$ 0/*#,$. U* +'#/5# %* %*#'"," ,&, ,&&'@, 6 ,@&'H*"$# ,&, ,@, 5# -'#*# -,+ "'$$'%'* "5&,*-# ,+/5*, ,$# "# $5 "#$#*+'3'#*- $# "#*3'*, ,*-'%+'*,+. E* ,*-'%+'*,+#$ $'3+#$ +,$ %,,$ @5,* #* "'&#%%'* 5#$-, #* %5,*- #* ,*-'%+'*,+#$ 34$ %3+#$ 5#"#* @5,& #* +, 3'$3, "'&#%%'*. L$ ,*-'%+'*,+#$ 5#"#* $#& "#'*'"$ %3 +'#/5#$ %* &%,$ 34$ ,*-'/5,$ #* "'&#%%'* ,+ %#*-& "# %5&,-5&, #$ "#%'& 5#$- ,+ $'*%+'*,+. DISCORDANCIAS E$ 5*, $5#&'%'# "# #&$'* "# * "#$'%'* 5# $#,&, %,,$ 34$ #*#$ "# &%,$ 34$ ,*-'/5,$. S' +,$ %,,$ $5&,6,%#*-#$ # '*&,6,%#*-#$ $* ,&,+#+,$ $# ,@+, "# "'$%*&3'"," "'$%&",*%', ,&,+#+, $' * $# ,@+, "# '*%*&3'"," "'$%&",*%', ,*/5+,&.
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CONTACTOS E$ +, 3"''%,%'* "# +,$ &%,$ &'/'*,+ %3 %*$#%5#*%', "#+ %,+& #3,*,*" & 5*, &%, 0/*#, 3,/3, 5# $# *# #* %*-,%- %* 5*, $#&'# $#"'3#*-,&',$ "# -& -' "# &%, ,-&,#$ "# +5-*#$ "# +%,*#$ #+ 3,/3, '&&,"', %,+& $# #+#, +, -#3#&,-5&, ,+-#&4*"$# +,$ &%,$ %3 $* +, &#%&'$-,+',%'* "# +$ %&'$-,+#$ 6 3,&3+',%'* "# +,$ %,+',$
TECTONICA E+ $&%#$,3'#*- "# +$ ",-$ @,-'3H-&'%$ 35#$-&,* #'"#*%',$ "# "#&&53@#$ (5* "# #++$ #-#*$') "#+ -' "# "&#*,# $5@3,&'* "# ,++,$ 6 "# +, 3&+/0, "# +, #*"'#*-# "#+ -,+5" %*-'*#*-,+ #*-&# 2KK , 29KK 3 "# &5*"'",". L,$ $#%%'*#$ $0$3'%,$ @-#*'",$ $* ,*,+',",$ #* &#+,%'* ,+ -#-,*'$3 5# %5&&# #* #+ 3,&/#* %*-'*#*-,+ "*"# %*#&/# +, "&$,+ %#4*'%, "# +, F&,%-5&,. L, $#%5#*%', "# &%#$,3'#*- $0$3'% #$ #$-4*",& #& -&$ ,&43#-&$ "'#&#*-#$ , +$ 5-'+',"$ "5&,*-# +, ,"5'$'%'* *$ 3#&,& +$ &%#$$ "# "#%*+5%'* ,'+,3'#*- 6 3'/&,%'*. L, "# %*+5%'* 3#& +, &#$+5%'* #&-'%,+ "# +$ ",-$ #+ ,'+,3'#*- #+'3'* &5'" '*%#&#*-# 6 +, 3'/&,%'* 3#& +, &#$+5%'* &'*-,+. C* +,$ $#%%'*#$ $0$3'%,$ '*,+#$ $# &%#"' , ,%#& 5* ,*4+'$'$ #$-&,-'/&4'% 6 , 5@'%,& #$-&5%-5&,$ -#%-*'%,$ %3 ,++,$ 6 %5#*%,$ &#++#*,$ "# 3,-#&',+ &%#"#*-# "# "#&&53@#$ #* #+ -,+5" %*-'*#*-,+ "#+ /+. C* +, $'%'* /#/&4'%, "# +,$ -&,,$ $0$3'%,$ #$-,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ 5#&* &#+,%'*,",$ %* +, 3&+/0, "#+ '$ %#4*'% "#+ 3,, "# @,-'3#-&0, 35+-',. E*-&# +$ &'*%',+#$ &#$5+-,"$ $# -'#*# +, &#$#*%', "# 5* "#&&53@# 3,$' 356 &#%'#*-# 5# &#++#* 5*, %5#*%, "# &3, "# 5*, #&, #* #+ -,+5" %* 5* ## 3,6& 2! 3 6 5* ## 3#*& "# 11 3 6 5# ,&'3,",3#*-# "#$+, 5* +53#* "# 2! 3 %@'%$ "# $#"'3#*-$. E$-, %@#&-5&, $0$3'%, 6 @,-'3H-&'%, *$ 35#$-&, 5# ,&',$ ,++,$ ,#%-,* , +$ &#+#%-&#$ 34$ &#%'#*-#$ %3 #'"#*%', "# 5* -#%-*'$3 %*-#3&4*# #* +, ,&-# $5#&'& "#+ -,+5" &'%',*" %*"'%'*#$ "# '*#$-,@'+'"," ,+ 3,&/#* %*-'*#*-,+ 6 & #*"# $'-'$ -#*%',+#$ ,&, /#*#&,& -$5*,3'$ +%,+#$.
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CARACTERISTICAS ESTRUCTURALES L, '*#$-'/,%'* #$-&5%-5&,+ -'#*# & @#-' @4$'% "#-#&3'*,& +, "'$-&'@5%'* #$,%',+ "# +,$ 3,$,$ &%$,$ 6 &#%*$-&5'& +$ #*3#*$ 6 &%#$$ 5# +,$ &"5%'#&*. +,$ '*#$-'/,%'*#$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ &'*%',+3#*-# +,$ "# -' /#-H%*'% "#@#* $#& %*"5%'",$ &'*%',+3#*-# , -&,H$ "#+ 3H-" '*"5%-' 5# ,&-# "# +, %,&%-#&',%'* "# #$-&5%-5&,$ +%,+#$ 5*-5,+#$ ,&, #*-*%#$ "#'*'& +, "'$$'%'* "#+ 3,%' %3 5* -". O $#, $# ,&-# "#+ "#-,++# &%5&,*" ++#/,& , + /#*#&,+. A$0 "#*-& "# #$-, '+$0, +, $#%5#*%', "# #*5#$ %*-#3+, +, '*#$-'/,%'* "# +, /#3#-&0, #$-&5%-5&,+ "# +, %'*#34-'%, 6 "# +, "'*43'%,. L, '*#$-'/,%'* "# +, /#3#-&0, #$-&5%-5&,+ %56 @#-' #$ #+ "# "#'*'& #+ ,&&#/+ #$,%',+ "# +,$ 3,$,$ &%$,$ 6 $5$ &#+,%'*#$ %3&#*"# L, '*#$-'/,%'* "# ,+&,3'#*-$ $5%#$'$ $#%-&#$ "# #%,,%'*. E* %,", ,+&,3'#*- $#%-& $* @$#&,",$ +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &#$#*-#$ %,&,%-#&'4*"$# +, -'+/0, #$-&5%-5&,+ +,$ &#+,%'*#$ "# $5%#$'* #*-&# #++,$ "#'*'H*"$# +, $#%5#*%', -#3&,+. L, %&&#+,%'* #*-&# ,+&,3'#*-$ $#%-&#$ $5%#$'$ "#+'*#4*"$# +, ,&',@'+'"," "# +,$ &3,$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ 6 $5$ $#%5#*%',$ ++#/4*"$# , $5 &#/'*,+',%'*. A50 $# -&*, &-5* ,@&",& #+ %*%#- "# "3'*'$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$. L, 3,6&0, "# +$ #$-5"'$ "# G#+/0, E$-&5%-5&,+ $# ,6, #* %&'-#&'$ #$-,"0$-'%$ "#@'" , +,$ #$-'3,-',$ "# ,&',@'+'"," -&'"'3#*$'*,+ "# +$ #+#3#*-$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ #&''%,"$ #* @,$# , 5* *3#& +'3'-," "# @$#&,%'*#$. S# ,%# '3%,'H 5# #* #$-$ #$-5"'$ #$ '3&-,*-# ,$#/5&,& 5# +,$ @$#&,%'*#$ $#,* %&&#%-,$ 6 &#&"5%'@+#$. L$ #+#3#*-$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ $* #$%#*%',+3#*-# ,-&'@5-$ "'&#%%'*,+#$. ITTEN (1=::) ,@&",@, #+ -#3, "# &3, @,$-,*-# ,&',",. E+ ,"&* @'"'3#*$'*,+ &#$#*-," #* +, F'/. 1,. #$ ,&-'%5+,&3#*-# '3&-,*-# #* G#+/0, E$-&5%-5&,+ L$ #+#3#*-$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ 35#$-&,* $+ 5*, +## ,&',@'+'"," #* +, "'&#%%'* $'* 5* /&,"'#*-# 5*, ,&',%'* /&,",%'*,+. E$-# P,"&* #$ ++,3," 3/H*#. E$#%0'%,3#*-# 5*, @+,%'* "# ,-&'@5-$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ 3/H*#$ -'#*# 5* ,"&* $'$-#34-'% "# ,&',@'+'"," %* ,&',%'*#$ -+#&,@+#$ "# &'#*-,%'* * &#$#*-,*" /&,"'#*-#. E$-# ,"&* #$ &##&'" & PATERSON W EISS (1=:1) 6 TURNER W EISS (1=:!) %3 #$-,"0$-'%,3#*-# 3/H*# ,&'3,",3#*-# 3/H*# ,'&3,*" $'* #3@,&/ 5# 5*, @+,%'* 3/H*#, * #$ 4%'+3#*-# "#'*'", #* -#&3'*$ #$-,"0$-'%$. D# #% #$ *-,@+# 5# +,$ '*-#&&#-,%'*#$ $@&# +, /#3#-&0, #$-&5%-5&,+ $# @,$,* 35% 34$ #* #+ %*%'3'#*- #&'%', # '*-5'%'* "# 5'#* +,$ ##%5-, "# 5# %5,+5'#& 3#-"+/0, #$-,"0$-'%,. E* +, *,-5&,+#, $'* #3@,&/ %5&&#* ,"&*#$ "# ,&',%'* /#3H-&'%, 35% 34$ %3+#, #& #++$ 5#"#* $'#3&# $#& $5@"''"'"$ #* $5@@+,%'*#$ 3/H*#,$ %* ,"&*#$ 34$ $'3+#$ %3 35#$-&,* +,$ '/5&,$ 1% , 1/. C5,*" %5&&# 5* ,"&* 20
$'$-#34-'% %* ,&',%'* /&,"5,+ %3 35#$-&, +, '/. 1@ 5#"#* $#& '"#*-''%,",$ ,$0 $5@@+,%'*#$ $'* ,&',%'*#$ /&,"5,+#$ "# "'&#%%'* %3 $# 35#$-&, #* +, '/. 1#. U*, @+,%'* $5@$'3H-&'%, 3$-&,", #* +, '/. 1 5#"# $#& "''"'", #* $5@@+,%'*#$ %* 5*, &'#*-,%'* $'3'+,& , ,5#++, "# +, '/. 1, #%#- #* #+ %,$ #* 5# +, ,&',%'* "# &'#*-,%'* $#, 34$ &*5*%',",. S' -,+#$ $5@@+,%'*#$ $* ,5* $5@"''"'",$ 5"#* $#& &#%*%'"$ 3/H*#$ /&,",-',3#*-# 3#*&#$. L, '/. 1/ 35#$-&, 5# 5*, 4&#, 5#"# $#& @'$#%-,", #* 5* /&,* *3#& "# #5#$ "3'*'$ 3/H*#$. A5* +$ +03'-#$ #*-&# #$-$ "3'*'$ 3#*&#$ 5#"#* &#$#*-,& /&,",%'*#$ ,@&5-$. G#*#&,+3#*-# +$ ,-&'@5-$ ++#,"$ #* %*$'"#&,%'* ,&, +, "#'*'%'* &#+'3'*,& "# "3'*'$ 3/H*#$ #* +#,*-,3'#*-$ "'&#%%'*,"$ , +, /#3#%4*'%, $* &'*%',+3#*-# ,"#34$ "# +, &'#*-,%'* +, "#*$'"," "# +,$ ,3'+',$ "# "'$%*-'*5'","#$ &#$#*-#$. D# #$-# 3" #&''%,3$ #*-*%#$ #$- #$ %,$' '*-5'-' +, /&,* '3&-,*%', "# +, "#'*'%'* "# "3'*'$ #$-&5%-5&,+3#*-# 3/H*#$ ,&, +, ,+'%,%'* #* #+ ,*4+'$'$ "# #$-,@'+'"," "# +$ 3,%'$ &%$$ #* &#+,%'* , %5,+5'#& '*-#&#*%'* 5# #* #++$ 5#", $#& &#,+',",. L, '*#$-'/,%'* %'*#34-'%, -'#*# %3 @#-' "#'*'& #+ 3'3'#*- +, "#&3,%'* "# +,$ 3,$,$ &%$,$ &#$*$,@+#$ & +, #$-&5%-5&,%'* @$#&,", . E++, %3&#*"# #+ ,*4+'$'$ "# &3,$ '*"'%,-',$ "# ,%&-,3'#*- #$-'&,3'#*- &-,%'* 6 "#$+,,3'#*-. E$-, ,$# "# '*#$-'/,%'* #$-&5%-5&,+ #$ "# $53, '3&-,*%', ,&, #+ &#,+ #*-#*"'3'#*- "# +, %3+#'"," /#3H-&'%, #&''%,", #* +$ 3,%'$ &%$$ &'*%',+3#*-# #* ,5#++$ +'"#&3,"$. E$ #* #$-, ,$# 5# $# "#@# "'+5%'",& +, '$-&', -#%-*'%, "#&3,%'*,+ , 5# #$-5 $3#-'" #+ 3,%' &% 5"'H*"$# ,$0 #+,@&,& 3"#+$ "#&3,%'*,+#$ #&-'*#*-#$ "# 5*",3#*-,+ '3&-,*%', ,&, +, &#'$'* "# +, /#3#-&0, #$-&5%-5&,+ #* &%'*#$ * '*#$-'/,",$ "#+ 3,%'. L, '*#$-'/,%'* "# +, "'*43'%, , $5 # -'#*# #+ @#-' "# "#'*'& +,$ 5#&,$ 6 -#*$'*#$ &#$*$,@+#$ & +$ 3'3'#*-$ "# +,$ 3,$,$ &%$,$ , ,&-'& "# +,$ %,&,%-#&0$-'%,$ /#3H-&'%,$ 6 %'*#34-'%,$. N&3,+3#*-# #$ $'@+# ++#/,& , +, &'#*-,%'* "# +$ ##$ "# -#*$'* "# +, "#&3,%'* '*'-, + 5# * $# 5#"# "#%'& #* &#+,%'* , +, "#-#&3'*,%'* "# +, 5#&,$. E* +, &4%-'%, 5* ,@&",# '*"5%-' #$ + 5# &#,+#%# 5#$ #'$-# $'#3&# +, *#%#$'"," "# &#,+',&$# +#,*-,3'#*-$ "# +,$ &3,$ ,&, 5# %* +$ ",-$ %+#%-,"$ $# #+,@&#* '*-#&&#-,%'*#$ $@&# +, /#3#-&0, #$-&5%-5&,+. L '"#,+ #$ #+ "#$,&&++ "# +, '*#$-'/,%'* #$-&5%-5&,+ '*"5%-', ,$ , ,$ %* ,@&",/# "#"5%-'.
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TIPOLOGIA ESTRUCTURAL L,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ '"#*-''%,",$ #* #+ 3,%' "# +, 3'*, P53#&0, $* #$%#*%',+3#*-# +,$ ,++,$ 6 #$-&0,$ "# ,-&'- %&&#$*"'#*-# "',%+,$,3'#*- 6 @&#%,3'#*-. T,+#$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &#+#,* #+ %3&-,3'#*- "# +,$ &%,$ #* +$ #$-,"'$ "#&3,%'*,+#$ #* 5# #+ 3,%' #$-5 $3#-'". V,&'$ $* +$ ,%-&#$ 5# %*"'%'*,* #$-# %3&-,3'#*- 6 5# 5#"#* $#& %,&,%-#&',"$ #* "$ /&5$ '*-&0*$'%$ # #-&0*$'%$. L$ ,%-&#$ '*-&0*$'%$ -'#*#* 5# #& %* +, 3/#*#'"," #-#&/#*#'"," "# +,$ &%,$ 6 3,%'$ &#+,%'*,",$ , +, %*$-,*%', ,&',%'* "# $5$ &'#","#$ 3#%4*'%,$ '$-&0, ,*'$-&0, &#+,-', , +, %*$-,*%', ,&,%'* "# #$-,$ &'#","#$ %* +, "'&#%%'* 6 &#$#*%', "# +5'"$ 6 +$ ,%-&#$ #-&0*$'%$ 5# $# &#'#&#* , +, -#3#&,-5&, 6 &#$'* %*'*,*-# &#+,%'*,"$ , +, &5*"'"," 6 ,+ -'#3 "# ,%-5,%'* "# +$ #$5#&$. E* /#*#&,+ +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ "# +$ 3,%'$ &#+#,* "$ %,-#/&0,$ @4$'%,$ "# %3&-,3'#*- "#&3,%'*,+ #+ "%-'+ +4$-'% %5,*" * #'$-# &5-5&, 6 &#,+#%# #+ +5 +4$-'% -#*'#*" %3 ##3+$ 34$ $'/*''%,-'$ +,$ +',%'*#$ 6 *,$ "# %',++,3'#*- "%-'+ 6 #+ &-'+ %5,*" &#,+#%#* &%#$$ "# &,/3#*-,%'* $'#*" +,$ 5*-,$ 6 ,++,$ +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ 34$ -0'%,$ "# #$-# %3&-,3'#*-. E+ +03'-# #*-&# L$ "$ %3&-,3'#*-$ * #$ ,@&5-. E'$-# 5* %,3 -&,*$'%'*,+ "*"# #+ %3&-,3'#*- 5#"# $#& %+,$''%," %3 "%-'+&5-'+ %5,*" $# "4 +5 +4$-'% 6 %5&&# ,+/5* &,%-5&,3'#*- 6 &5-'+"-'+ %5,*" $# @$#&,* &,%-5&,$ 6 ,+/5* +5 +4$-'% (F'/.2). E+ #&'+ #$5#34-'% #* +, '/.2 #* 5# $# &#$#*-, 5*, "'$%*-'*5'"," "# +, %&-#, #$5#3,-', +$ "3'*'$ "# #$-$ %3&-,3'#*-$ "#&3,%'*,+#$ 6 +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &#$5+-,*-#$. P&'3 , +, $5#&'%'# %5&&# #+ "3'*' &-'+ @$#&4*"$# &,/3#*-,%'* * %#$', ,$-, 8 3 6 %#$', "#$"# #$-# *'#+ ,&, ,@, +,$ &%,$ "#&3,",$ , + +,&/ "# *,$ "# ,-&'- $* "#*3'*,",$ %,-,%+4$-'%,$. A 1K 19 3 "# &5*"'," $# ,$, -&,*$'-&',3#*-# ,&, #+ "%-'+ 6 "#@, "# #$-, *, $# &#$#*-, #+ %3&-,3'#*- &,*%,3#*-# "%-'+ +,$ &%,$ ,#%-,",$ & %'$,++,3'#*- #* #$-# "3'*' $* &##&'",$ %3 3'+*0-'%,$.
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
L,$ ,++,$ $* #$-&5%-5&,$ &#$#*-#$ #* #+ 3,%' "# 3,6& '3&-,*%', #* %5#$-'*#$ &#+,%'*,",$ , +, /#3#%4*'%,. E++,$ 5#&* /#*#&,",$ #* 5*, #-,, &5-'+ "# "#&3,%'*. S# %,&,%-#&',* %3 "'$%*-'*5'","#$ &#$#*-#$ & -", #+ 3,%' $#/3#*-4*"+ #* @+5#$ "# "'3#*$'*#$ ,&',",$ #&3'-'#*" '*#$-,@'+',%'*#$ #* +,$ ,@#&-5&,$ $5@-#&&4*#,$. S* "# -'$ ,&',"$ #* %5,*- ,+ 3'3'#*- "# +$ @+5#$ "'&#%%'*,+#$ "# %,&,%-#& -,*- "#-&,+ %3 $'*#$-&,+ *&3,+#$ # '*#&$,$ %* "#$+,,3'#*-$ @+'%5$ #* $5 3,6&0,. M5#$-&,* #5#$ $,+-$ 5# ,&',* "# +, #$%,+, %#*-'3H-&'%, , 3H-&'%, 6 #5#,$ #$#$5&,$ (#+0%5+,$ "# Y/5%) * $@&#,$,*" %$ %#*-03#-&$. L,$ #$-&0,$ "# ,-&'- $# "'$*#* %* &'#*-,%'*#$ "'#&$,$ #* +,$ $5#&'%'#$ "# 3'3'#*-. E$-,$ ,++,$ $# &#$#*-,* #* "$ ,3'+',$ %*'&'#*" ,+ 3,%' 5*, &'#*-,%'* 5*",3#*-,+3#*-# ,&,+#+, "# #$-,$ "'$%*-'*5'","#$. E+ #*-&#%&5,3'#*- "# +,$ ,3'+',$ "# "'#&#*-#$ &'#*-,%'*#$ '3*# +, $#/3#*-,%'* "#+ 3,%' #* +'#"&$ "# /#3#-&0,$ 6 "'3#*$'*#$ ,&',",$. A,&#%#* @+5#$ &'$34-'%$ %5*#'&3#$ '&,3'",+#$ 6 -&,$ &3,$ 34$ %3+#,$ %* "'3#*$'*#$ ,&',*" "#+ &"#* "#%'3H-&'%, , 3H-&'%, 6 "# +5/,& ,&, +5/,& #'"#*%',*" $#/3#*-,%'* * 5*'&3#. L, #&$'-#*%', (-,3, %*-'*5'",") "# +,$ ,++,$ &'*%',+#$ #$ "#+ &"#* "# ,+/5*,$ "#%#*,$ "# 3#-&$ $#%%'*,*" 6 $@&#,$,*" *'#+#$ #*-#&$ "# +,$ #%,,%'*#$ $5@-#&&4*#,$. N 5#&* #&''%,",$ /&,*"#$ ,++,$ *,$ "# ,++,$ #* #+ 4&#, #$-5"',", "# 3,6&#$ "'3#*$'*#$ 5# +,$ &##&'",$. S# ,$%',* ,+ ,++,3'#*- 6 , +,$ #-,,$ $-#&'&#$ +,$ '*6#%%'*#$ "# #-,$ %5,& #+"#$4-'%,$ ,$#" 6 @,&'-'*, % "#&3,",$. 8.!. GEOMETRIA ESTRUCTURAL E* #$-# ,%4'-# #$ ,*,+',", +, "'$-&'@5%'* #$,%',+ "# +,$ "'#&$,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &#$#*-#$ &'*%',+3#*-# +, "# +,$ ,++,$ 5# $* +,$ "'$%*-'*5'","#$ '*#$-,@'+',"&,$ "#+ 3,%'. L,$ ,++,$ 5#&* ,*,+',",$ #* %*5*- , '* "# #,+5,& $5 ,&',@'+'"," /#3H-&'%, # '"#*-''%,& "3'*'$ #$-&5%-5&,+#$ 3/H*#$. E+ #$-#&#/&,3, &#,&," ,&, #+ 4&#, '*"'%, +, &#$#*%', "# ,3'+',$ "# ,++,$ %35*#$ #* #+ 3,%' &#+#,*" #+ 3'$3 ,"&* /#3H-&'% #* -", #+ 4&#, "#+ 6,%'3'#*- +,$ %5,+#$ 3,&%,* 5* $+ "3'*' #$-&5%-5&,+. E* #+ #$-#&/&,3, "# #$-&0,$ "# ,-&'- "# -", #+ 4&#, 3'*#&,+',", $# @$#&, 5# L,$ ,++,$ $* "# -'$ ,&',"$ '*#&$,$ 6 *&3,+#$ %* "#$+,,3'#*-$ $#/* #+ @5,3'#*- 6 -&,*$%5&&#*-#$ "#-&,+#$ 6 $'*#$-&,+#$.
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L,$ ,++,$ -&,*$%5&&#*-#$ &#"3'*,* 6 #*-&# #++,$ +,$ $'*#$-&,+#$ $* 34$ ,@5*",*-#$. L, '*-#&&#-,%'* "# +$ "',/&,3,$ "# +$ &##+,* 5# #+ 3,%' &%$ "# +, 3'*, P53#&0, $# %*'/5&, %3 5* "3'*' #$-&5%-5&,+ 3/H*#.
*!*! CINEMATICA ESTRUCTURAL E+ 3"#+ "#&3,%'*,+ "#+ 3,%' $# 5*",3#*-, & #+ ,*4+'$'$ "# +,$ "$ #-,,$ "# 3'3'#*-$ -#%-*'%$ '"#*-''%,"$ +, "5%-'+ &#/'$-&,", & +$ +'#/5#$ 6 3'%&+'#/5#$ 6 +, &5-'+ &#/'$-&,", & +,$ ,++,$ 6 #$-&0,$ "# ,-&'- $'#*" +, 34$ &3'*#*-# +, #-,, &-'+. L, '*-#&&#-,%'* "# +, #-,, &-'+ #* #$-# %,$ * #$ "'&#%-, %3 #* +, "#&3,%'* "%-'+. S+,3#*-# #* %,$$ 356 $'3+#$ $# "#$,&&++ "# ,++,$ #* 3,%'$ '$-&'%$ 6 3/H*#$ $#, & "#&3,%'* %,',+ * %,',+ +$ #$5#3,$ -#&'%$ 5#"#* $#& ,+'%,"$ "'&#%-,3#*-# %*$'"#&,*" ,#*,$ +,$ ,%-'-5"#$ "# +$ +,*$ "# ,++,$ ,&, "#"5%'& +$ ##$ "# -#*$'* "*"# σ1 #$ $'%'*," #* +, @'$#-&' "#+ 4*/5+ ,/5" &3," & ,++,$ %*5/,",$ #* %5,*- 5# σ! %&&#$*"# , +, @'$#-&' @-5$, 6 σ2 , +, '*-#&$#%%'* #*-&# #$-$ +,*$ (F'/. 8). N&3,+3#*-# %3 #$ #+ %,$ #+ %5,"& 5# $# "#+'*#, #$ #+ "# @+,%'* "# ,++,$ "'#&$,3#*-# &'#*-,",$ 6 %* 3'3'#*-$ ,&',"$.A$0 L$ +$ "# L$ +,*$ $# "'$#&$,* #* L$ #$-#&#/&,3,$ 6 #+ ,@&",# ,#*,$ & #$-$ #+#3#*-$ * #&3'-# ,,*,& #* %*$'"#&,%'*#$ %'*#34-'%,$ 6 "'*43'%,$. E$ *#%#$,&' & -,*- +, 5-'+',%'* "# -&,$ -H%*'%,$ /&4'%,$ %3 #+ MH-" "# A&-,5" (A&-,5" 1 =:=) 6 #+ MH-" "# L$ D'#"&$ R#%-$ (ANELIER MECLER 1 =;;).
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
E+ 3H-" #&3'-# "#$%&'@'& +, "#&3,%'* "# 5*, ,$# -#%-*'%, &-'+ 5-'+',*"$# *'%,3#*-# +,$ 3#"'",$ "# +,$ ,++,$ 6 $5$ #$-&0,$ '*'%',+3#*-# $'* '-#$'$ /#*H-'%, 6 $'* *'*/5*, &##&#*%', ,+ %,3 "# -#*$'*#$. E+ #$-4 5*",3#*-," #* 5* &'*%'' @4$'% "# 5# "#$5#$ "# 5*, ,$# -#%-*'%, "# "#&3,%'* /+@,+ "'$%*-'*5, 24
$# 5#"# $'#3&# %,&,%-#&',& #* #+ 3,%' &%$ "#&3," -&#$ "'&#%%'*#$ &-/*,+#$ &'*%',+#$ "# "#&3,%'* -,+#$ 5# +, &6#%%'* "# 5*, "# #++,$ $@&# 5* +,* %5,+5'#&, "# ,++, #*/, , $#& +, "'&#%%'* "#+ 3'3'#*- &#+,-' "# L$ @+5#$ $#,&,"$ & #$-, ,++,. C5,*" ,+/* 3'3'#*- $# &"5%# & #$-'++'-$ #*",$ "# "'$-#*%'* #$-# &'*%'' ,"3'-# #*-*%#$ 5# +,$ #$-&0,$ "# ,-&'- %&&#$*",* , +, &6#%%'* $@&# %,", ,++, "# 5*, "'&#%%'* &'*%',+ "# "#&3,%'* (F'/. :).
S#,* +,$ ,++,$ *#&3,",$ #+ &#$5+-," "#+ 3'3'#*- , + +,&/ "# "'$%*-'*5'","#$ &##'$-#*-#$ +$ "#$+,,3'#*-$ * $#&4* %,-'%$ #& /5,&",&4* %#&#*%', %* +, "#&3,%'* /+@,+. E$-, %#&#*%', 5#"# $#& -&,"5%'", , -&,H$ "#+ +,* "# 3'3'#*- "# %,", ,++,. E+ +,* "# 3'3'#*- #$ 5* +,* ,5'+',& #&#*"'%5+,& , +, ,++, 6 5# %*-'#*# , +, #$-&0,.
E* +, &4%-'%, -#*'H*"$# +,$ &'#*-,%'*#$ "# +,*$ "# ,++,$ 6 "# #$-&0,$ "# &'%%'* $# 5#"# %*$-&5'& #$-#&#/&,3,$ "# +,*$ "# 3'3'#*- "*"# +$ +$ $# &#$#*-,&,* "'$#&$$ $#/* 5*, "$ -&#$ /5'&+,*",$ #*-&#%&5,",$ &-/*,+3#*-# 6 &3,*" %*%#*-&,%'*#$ #* $5$ '*-#&$#%%'*#$. E$-, "'$-&'@5%'* #* /5'&+,*",$ $'/*''%, 5# +$ +,*$ "# 3'3'#*- 5# +,$ "#'*# $##* ##$ %35*#$ (+ "# +, /5'&+,*",) 6 %&&#$*"# , +,$ "'&#%%'*#$ &'*%',+#$ "# "#&3,%'*. (F'/. ;).
U*, # ',",$ +,$ "'&#%%'*#$ &'*%',+#$ "# "#&3,%'* $# '*#$-'/, ,5#++,$ 5# $* +,$ "'&#%%'*#$ %3,-'@+#$ %* +$ $#*-'"$ "# +$ 3'3'#*-$ '*"'%,"$ & +,$ #$-&0,$ $@&# %,", ,+,. S# 5#"# #$-*%#$ ',& +,$ $'%'*#$ &#+,-',$ "# +$ -&#$ ##$ X 7 6 Z 5# "#@#* $,-'$,%#& -",$ +, 3,6&0, "# +$ $#*-'"$ "# +$ 3'3'#*-$.
E+ 3H-" "# +$ D'#"&$ R#%-$ , $5 # &#$5*# 5# +, #$-&0, "# &'%%'* #$ /#*#&,", & 5* -#*$& "# #$5#&$ ,+'%," $@&# +, ,++, $'#*" ,&,+#+, , +, %3*#*-# %'$,++,*-# "#+ #$5#& /#*#&," $@&# #+ +,*.
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"'#&$$ 3'3'#*-$ #* 5*, "#&3,%'* &-'+ #$ #*-*%#$ '*#,%-, & &'*%'' %*$-'-56H*"$# #* 5*, $'3+''%,%'*.
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σ1) 6 +,$ "# 3,6& %'*%'"#*%', "# "'#"&$ "'$-'*$'$ +,$ 34$ &@,@+#$ "# +%,+',%'* "#+ #$5#& %3&#$' 30*'3 #-#*$'*,+ ( σ!).
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σ1
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T,*- #* #$-# %3 #* -&$ %*-'*#*-#$ 6, $# #&''% 5# +,$ -#*$'*#$ "#-#&3'*,",$ Y'* $'-5 35#$-&,* &'#*-,%'*#$ * *#%#$,&',3#*-# %*%&",*-#$ %* +,$ &#'$-,$ #* +$ 3"#+$ -#&'%$ &,@+#3#*-# "#@'" , +,$ '*+5#*%',$ "# ,*'$-&',$ 26
%&5$-,+#$ &#$#*%', "# -#*$'*#$ &#$'"5,+#$ "# ##*-$ -#%-*'%$ ,*-#&'&#$ + 5# '3*# %,5-#+, #* +,$ '*#&#*%',$ -#&'%,$.
G#-H%*'%,3#*-# #+ %*%'3'#*- "# +, "'&#%%'* "# %3&#$'* 34'3, #$ '3&-,*-# 5#$ #++, '*"5%# #+ -#*$& "# #&3#,@'+'"," 6, 5# +,$ "'$%*-'*5'","#$ ,&,+#+,$ , σ1 6 #&#*"'%5+,&#$ , σ! $#&4* +,$ 34$ #&%+,*-#$ 6 %*$#%5#*-#3#*-# +,$ 34$ ,+-#&,",$ # '*#$-,@+#$.
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
ESTRUCTRUAS DE LAS VETAS L,$ &3,$ #-#&*,$ # '*-#&*,$ "# +,$ #-,$ "#+ 4&#, "# P53#&0, +# ",* %,&,%-#&0$-'%,$ &',$ 5# +,$ "'$-'*/5#* "# +,$ #-,$ 3'*#&,+',",$ 34$ ,+ N&-# #* +,$ 4&#,$ "# C,*%,&,*' 6 E+ M,*- (CARNERO E. 1=
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
CARACTER5STICAS EN PROFUNDIDAD S#/* CARNERO E. (1=
E+ %*-,%- -,+ %3 $# '*"'%, #* 4&&,$ ,*-#&'&#$ $# &#$#*-, @,$-,*-# "#'*'" + 5# ,%'+'-, #+ "#$,&&++ "# +$ "'#&#*-#$ -&,@,$ $5@-#&&4*#$. E* %*-&,$'%'* , #$-, @*"," 6 $'#*" *#%#$,&' #-&,#& -", +, -#*%', "#+ 3'*#&,+ $# ,%# '*"'$#*$,@+# 5*, %*$-,*-# #*-'@,%'* & +, '*%3#-#*%', "#+ 3,-#&',+ "# 3#*,. E* + 5# &#$#%-, ,+ /&," "# 3'*#&,+',%'* H$-, , %&#%'#*" *-,@+#3#3#*-# ,%', #+ N&-# , ,&-'& "# +, %&-,", &'*%',+ 6 * ,$0 ,+ S5& %56$ ,+&#$ &#$#*-,* +5%-5,%'*#$ #* #+ %*-#*'" 3#-,+0#&. ,%', &5*"'"," , %&#%'#*" +'/#&,3#*-# #* $#*-'" #&-'%,+ +, 3'*#&,+',%'* &'3,&',. E+ @,*"#,3'#*- "# +, 3'*#&,+',%'* #$ %*$'%5 #* +,$ #-,$ 2 6 8. E* +, #-, N 8 #$ *-&' 5*, @,*", $%5&, 5# "''"# +, #-, #* "$ ,&-#$ %*$-'-50", "# 3,-#&',+ 3'+*0-'%. F'*,+3#*-# #$ "# 3#*%'*,& #* +,$ #-,$ 2 ! 6 9 +, &#$#*%', "# ,*' (/5%) 5# , #/," , +,$ %,,$.
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G;NESIS DE LAS FRACTURAS E+ "#$'- 3'*#&,+ "# P53#&0, &#$#*-, #-,$ /#*#&,+3#*-# ,&,+#+,$. L,$ &,%-5&,$ ,* $'" &"5%'",$ & #$5#&$ -#*$'*,+#$ 5# ,%-5,&* *&3,+#$ , +$ +,*$ "# "# &5-5&, "5&,*-# #+ -#%-*0$3 6 ,$#$ %3&#$',$ $-#&'&#$ 5# ,,&#%#* %3 ,++,3'#*-$ ,&,+#$ "#*-& "# +,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &'*%',+#$. L,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ &'*%',+#$ "# &53@ &3#"' N K< E #* +, 5# $# #*%5#*-&, +, #-, N8 ,* $'" %&-,",$ & #5#,$ ,++,$ -&,*$#&$,+#$ $'* &"5%'& "#$+,,3'#*-$ *-,@+#$.
SISTEMA DE VETAS E* #+ 4&#, "# L,6,-, "*"# $# #*%5#*-&,* 5@'%,"$ +$ 6,%'3'#*-$ "# P53#&0, C,*%,&,*' E+ M,*- $# ,* "'" "'$-'*/5'& "$ $'$-#3,$ "# #-,$ 5* "# #++$ "# &53@ N&-#S5& 6 #+ -& $#%5*",&' "# &53@ #&$'$'-#*-# E$-# O#$-#. J5*- , #$-$ $'$-#3,$ "# #-,$ #'$-#* %5,-& 3,*-$ 3'*#&,+',"$ #* +, $#%5#*%', "# +$ +%4*'%$ T,%,, "# &53@ ,&'3," E$-# O#$-#.
Si/te<3 N9 & E$ #+ &'*%',+ 6 #* H+ #$-4* ,/&5,",$ +,$ % #-,$ "#+ 4&#, "# P53#&0,. T'#*# 5*, &'#*-,%'* &3#"' "# N K< E , N&-# S5&. E+ @5,3'#*- "# #$-,$ #-,$ $%'+, #*-&# +$ :9 , =K ,+ SE %* &#"3'*' "# +, '*%+'*,%'* ;K SE. E* #$-# $'$-#3, $# @$#&, +,$ $'/5'#*-#$ %,&,%-#&0$-'%,$
G#*#&,+3#*-# +,$ #-,$ $* "# /&,* +*/'-5" ,+%,*,*" , -#*#& "# !KK ,
b! Si/te<3 N9 $ T'#*# 5*, &'#*-,%'* E$-#O#$-# 6 $# '*%+'*, &##&#*-#3#*-# ,+ S5&. E$-,$ #$-&5%-5&,$ %&&#$*"#* ,+ %3+#3#*- "#+ $'$-#3, &'*%',+ #$- $# ,&#%', #* #+ #+'$'"# "# "#&3,%'* ,+'%," ,&, #+ 4&#, "# L,6,-, 6 #* #$-# %,$ $* &"5%'",$ & #$5#&$ %3&#$'$ & 5# $# +#$ %*$'"#&, %3 &,%-5&,$ "# %3&#$'*. L,$ %,&,%-#&0$-'%,$ &'*%',+#$ "# +,$ #-,$ "# #$-# $'$-#3, $*
E* /#*#&,+ $* %&-,$ 6 % -#*-#$ * $@&#,$,* +$ 2KK 3. "# #-#*$'* &'*-,+.
29
L, 3'*#&,+',%'* &#"3'*,*-# #$ "# @,&'-'*, 6 #$-4 $+",", , +,$ %,,$. E+ 3,-#&',+ "# ,++, %3 &#++#* #$ 36 %. S# &#$#*-,* #* &3, +#*-'%5+,& -,*- #* +*/'-5" %3 #* &5*"'"," * ,+&,*" #* 35%$ %,$$ , $5#&'%'#.
FALLAMENTO POST#MINERAL L, &#,%-',%'* "#+ -#%-*'$3 #* #+ 4&#, "# L,6,-, %3 5*, 3,*'#$-,%'* "#+ +#/,3'#*- ,*"'* "' +5/,& , 5* &,%-5&,3'#- "# 3#*& '*-#*$'"," 6 5# , $'" 3,#," #* +, 3'*, P53#&0, %3 ,++,$ 5# $'/5#* #+ &53@ "# +,$ #-,$ 2 6 ! #* +, %,, '$ 6 ,* "#," ,@5*",*-# ,*' 6 #$#$ "# &'%%'*. O-& -' "# ,++,$ $- 3'*#&,+',%'* %&-,* +,$ #-,$ %* "'#&#*-#$ 4*/5+$ "# '*%+'*,%'* $'* &%,& "#$+,,3'#*-$ %*$'"#&,@+#$.
DIACLASAMIENTO L, *, $# #*%5#*-&, '*-#*$,3#*-# "',%+,$,", %* %'*% ,3'+',$ "# "',%+,$,$ 5# "#-#&3'*,* -,3,$ "# @+5#$ #5#$ * ,&,@+#$ ,&, +, ##%5%'* "# #$%,,%'*#$ $5@-#&&4*#,$ %* $$-#*'3'#*- *,-5&,+. E* 5* ,+&,3'#*- ,"6,%#*-# , +, %&-,", &'*%',+ $# -3,&* +,$ 3#"'%'*#$ "# +,$ ,%-'-5"#$ "# +,$ "',%+,$,$ 6 $# #+,@& #+ "',/&,3, "# + &#$#%-' ",*" +,$ $'/5'#*-#$ &'#*-,%'*#$. F,3'+',
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SISTEMA DE FALLAS PUNO
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rei=n /4ni 6, $#, & $5 3'$3 %+'3, 5# &#$#*-, #/#-,%'* #-%.
LLANURA LACUSTRE E$-4 5@'%," #* -", +, #&'#&', "#+ +,/ T'-'%,%, #* +, ,&-# @,, "# +, %'5"," , +,$ &'++,$ "# +,/ T'-'%,%, +'-+/'%,3#*-# %35#$-, & $#"'3#*-$ +,%5$-&# '*-#&%,+,",$ %* 3,-#&',+ &/4*'%, &"5%- "#+ "#$#% "# +, %'5"," "# 5* $5 &3,%'* $# @,$, &'*%',+3#*-# ,+ %5,-#&*,&' #* $5 @,$# $# #*%5#*-&,* &%,$ %&#-4%'%,$ "#$'-,"$ #* #+ /#$'*%+'*,+ ,*"'* +, %5,+ #$-4 %5@'#&- & 3,-#&',+ %5,-#&*,&' %*$ ,+5',+#$ #+ 3,-#&',+ ,+5',+ "#$'-," &'#*# "# +,$ ,/5,$ "# +$ "'#&$$ &0$ 5# +56#* ,%', #+ L,/ T'-'%,%,.
LADERAS D#@'" , +, &#$#*%', "# +, %&"'++#&, "# +$ ,*"#$ 6 +, ,&',", -/&,0, $# &#$#*-, +,"#&,$ 3"#&,",$ %#&%, , +, +%,+'"," "# C5-'3@. L,"#&,$ %* #*"'#*-# @,,$ 6 & +, @%, "# +,3'*, $# &#$#*-, +,"#&, &*5*%',", "# 3,6& A*/5+ &#*-# , +, @%, "# +,3'*, $# &#$#*-, +,"#&,$ 3"#&,",$ & +, &#$#*%', "# &%,$ $#"'3#*-,&',$ 6 ,%', #+ *" $# 5#"# *-,& 5*, &3,%'* "# 3#$#-,$ "#+ +%4*'% @,&&$.
LADERA
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TERA(AS L, -#&&,,$ &3,"$ & +, ,%%'* +5',+ $# #*%5#*-&,* $# #*%5#*-&,* #* +, @,$# "# +$ ,++#$ &3,"$ & +, ,%%'* +5' /+,%',+ &'/'*,"$ #* #+ -#&%',&' 6 #+ %5,-#&*,&'. F&3,*" $5#&'%'#$ %,$' &'*-,+#$ #$-4* %35#$-$ & #+ +%4*'% "#+ G&5 T,%,,. E$-, $# ", #* +, ,&-# N "# +, *, "# #$-5"' %3&#*"'" "# "'#&#*-#$ -'$ "# 3,-#&',+#$ &3,*" -#&&,,$.
CONOS ALUVIALES
CAUSES FLUVIALES E$-4* ","$ & +$ &%#$$ "# ,%535+,%'*. P&%#$$ E&$'$ A/&,",%'*,+#$ P&%#$$ "# ,%535+,%'* +#*-$ 6 ,/&,",%'*,+#$ #* +,*'%'#$ "# @, /&,"'#*-# 6 ,5$,"$ & $5%#$',$ "'$%*-'*5'","#$ 5# "'$%5&&#*.
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
CONOS DE DEYECTIVOS S# +#$ "#*3'*, ,$' , +$ "#$'-$ "#-&0-'%$ 5# $# ,%535+,* #* +,$ ,&-#$ @,,$ "#+ %5&$ "#+ #$%5&&'3'#*- "# 5* &' -&&#*-# ,+5',+ #$-$ "# &3,* #* *, "*"# +$ 32
%,3@'$ "# #*"'#*-#$ $* 356 @&5$%$ 6 -,3@'H* #* *, "# '# "# 3*-# 5# $* +,$ ,&-#$ @,,$ "# +,$ #+#,%'*#$ ,+-,$.
IDROLOGIA E+ %3&-,3'#*- '"&+/'% "# +, 3'%&%5#*%, "# +, %'5"," "# P5* $# #*%5#*-&, '*+5#*%',", & E+ ##%- &/&4'% "# +$ %#&&$ 5# &"#,* +, %'5",". E+ "#$,&&++ "#+ "&#*,# #* +$ ,+&#"#"&#$ "# +, %'5"," "# 5* 6 %#&%,* , +, *, "# -&,@, #$ "#@'" ,+ -' "# 3,-#&',+ , +, %5,+ #$-4 $'#*" $3#-'". E+ ##%- ,*-&'% 6 #&$'*,+ '*+56# #* #+ "#$,&&++ "# +,$ 3'%&%5#*%,$ ,&-,*" %* +, #/#-,%'* #&$'* 6 +, #"''%,%'* "# ''#*",$. E+ ##%- "# +, /#+/0, 6 -/&,0, "# +, 3'%&%5#*%, #* +, #$%&&#*-0,.
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3,%' "#+ &#$5+-," "#+ %*-,%- %,&@*,- ,/5, ,%'", &3,* ,&$ $@&# #+ 3,-#&',+ #* #$-5"'
34
