History of Architecture Reviewer

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE REVIEWER

1. The 1. The beginner of the great hypostyle hall at karnak and the founder of the 19th dynasty. Rameses I 2. The mineral of greatest importance to Greek architecture of which Greece and her domains had ample supply of was. Marble 3. Greek architecture was essentially essent ially.. Columnar trabeated the. Propylaea  4. Forming the imposing entrance to the acropolis and erected by the architect Mnesicles is the. Propylaea  5. The building in the acropolis generally considered as being the most nearly perfect building ever erected is the. Parthenon 6. With the use of concrete made possible by poolan! a native natural cement! the "omans achieved huge interiors with the. Arch the. Arch and vault Greeks. Compos!te . Which of the order was added by the "omans to the orders used by the Greeks. Compos!te ". From the #th century to the present! the character of $yantine architecture is the practice of using. #om!cal roo$ construct!on %. "omanes%ue architecture in &taly is distinguished from that of the rest of 'urope by the use of what material for facing walls. Marble walls. Marble 1&. The 1&. The most famous and perfect preservation of all ancient buildings in "ome. Pantheon "ome. Pantheon 11. The space between the colonnade and the naos wall in Greek temple. Pteroma  12. (mphitheaters are used for ))). 'lad!ator!al Contests 13. (n ancient Greek *ortico! a long colonnaded shelter used in public places. (toa  14. The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek +ity. Acropol!s +ity. Acropol!s tiles.  Ante$!) 15. (n upright ornament at the eaves of a tile roof! concealing the foot of a row of conve, tiles that cover the -oints of the flat tiles.  16. trictly! a pedestal at the corners or peak of a roof to support an ornament! more usually! the ornament itself. Acroter!on 1. (lso called a /0oneysuckle/ ornament. Anthem!on 1". &n ancient Greece and "ome! a storeroom of any kind! but especially for storing wine.  wine.  Apotheca  1%. The characteristic of Greek ornament. Anthem!on 2&. The dining hall in a monastery! a convent! or a college. Re$ectory college. Re$ectory 21. The architecture of the curved line is known as ))). *aro+ue ))). *aro+ue 22. The open court in an &talian palao. palao. Cortel 23. The ornamental pattern work in stone! filling the upper partof a Gothic window. ,racery 24. cubicula or bedroom is from what architecture. Roman architecture. Roman 25. 0ow many stained glass are there in the +hartres +athedral2 16 +athedral2 16 26. *arts of an entablature! in order of top to bottom.i. +ornice ii. Friee iii.(rchitrave a. !- !!- !!! 2. *lan shape of a +hinese pagoda. cta/onal 2". 3sual number of stories for a +hinese pagoda. 13.. 2%. *lan shape of a 4apanese pagoda. (+uare 3&. Triangular piece of wall above the entablature. Ped!ment entablature. Ped!ment ( spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the poly5gonal plan of its supporting structure. Pendent!ve structure. Pendent!ve 31. 32. ( long arcaded entrance porch in an early +hristian church. 0arthe) church. 0arthe) 33. The principal or central part of a church! e,tending from the narthe, to the choir orchancel and usually flanked by aisles. 0ave aisles. 0ave 34. The uppermost step in the crepidoma. (tylobate 35. The lowest step in the crepidoma. (tereobate diameters 1.5 #!ameters 36. *ycnostyle intercolumniation has how many diameters 3. ystyle2 2 #!ameters 3". 'ustyle2 2.25 #!ameters 3%. 6iastyle2 3 #!ameters 4&. (reostyle2 4 #!ameters 41. "oman building which is a prototype of the hippodrome of the Greek. C!rcus 42. "oman building for which gladiatorial battles took place.  place.  Colosseum

43. What sporting event takes place in the *alaestra2 restl!n/ *alaestra2 restl!n/ 44. ( foot race course in the cities. (tad!um 45. (rchitects of the *arthenon. Call!crates and Ict!nus occasions. am!n 46. The tower atop the torogan where the princess and herladies in waiting hide during occasions. am!n 4. Found in the ground floor of the bahay na bato! it is where the carriages and floats are kept. a/uan kept. a/uan 4" The emergency hideout found directly behind the headboardof the ultan/s bed. *!l! 4%. &n the kitchen of the bahay kubo! the table on top of which is the river stone! shoe5shaped stove or kalan is known as #apo/an 5&. 4apanese tea house Chas!tsu house Chas!tsu 51. ( Muslim temple! a mos%ue for public worship! also known as place for *rostration. *rostration. Mas7!d 52. 6omical mound containing a relic. (tupa  relic. (tupa  53. &fugao house 7southern strain8. *ale 54. The style of the order with massive and tapering columns resting on a base of  steps. #or!c steps. #or!c 'arthen burial burial mounds containing containing upright and lintel stones forming chambers for consecutive consecutive burials for several several to a hundred hundred persons. persons. 55. 'arthen ,umul! 53. ( semi5circular or semi5polygonal space! usually in church!terminating in a,is and intended to house an altar. altar. Apse  Apse 5. Temples in Greece that have a double line of columnssurrounding the naos. #!pteral 5". enate house for chief dignitaries in Greek architecture Prytane!on architecture Prytane!on 5%. (rchitect of the 'instein Tower. 8r!ch Mendelsohn 6&. Founder of the $auhaus chool of (rt. alter 'rop!us 61. What architectural term is termed to be free from anyhistorical style2 Art style2 Art 0oveau 62. The 62. The architect of +hrysler building in :.;. 9an :.;. 9an Alen 63. (nother term for crenel or intervals between merlon of a battlement. 8mbrasures 64. &n the middle kingdom! in 'gyptian architecture! who consolidates the administrative system! made a survey of the country! set boundaries to the provinces! and other helpful works. Amenemhat I 65. Who erected the earliest known obelisk at 0eliopolis. (enusret I 66. The world/s first large5scale monument in stone. Pyram!d stone. Pyram!d o$ oser 6. The highest sloped pyramid in Gieh Pyram!d o$ :hu$u 6". Female statues with baskets serving as columns. Canephora  columns. Canephora  55. ( small tower usually corbelled at the corner of the castle. *art!;an castle. *art!;an architecture. Masu/um! &. ( compound bracket or capital in 4apanese architecture. Masu/um! round. Cavetto 1. ( concave molding appro,imately %uarter round. Cavetto 2. (rchitect of &glesia ni +risto. +risto. Carlos (antos 9!ola  3. ( Filipino architect whose philosophy is /the structure must be well oriented/. Caesar ?th dynasty. Imhotep dynasty. Imhotep 6. =A house !s l!e a $lo>er pot= R!chard ?ose$ 0eutra  . (rt :oveau is known as the international style! in Germanyit is known as ))). ?u/endst!7l ))). ?u/endst!7l ". (rchitect of TW( airport. 8ero airport. 8ero (aar!nen %. Modern architecture need not be western. :en;o western. :en;o ,an/e "&. :ot among the three pyramids in Gieh2 :hu$u Gieh2 :hu$u "1. ( decorative bracket usually taking the form of a cyma reversa strap. Console "2. Finest e,ample of French5Gothic architecture Chartres architecture Chartres Cathedral "4. ( special feature of 4apanese houses! used to display a flower arrangement or art. ,oonama  art. ,oonama  dome. 
"% ( recess in a wall to contain a statue or other small items. 0!che %& ( term given to the mi,ture of +hristian! panish! and Muslim 1>th51?th century architecture. Mude7ar %1 (rchitect of the famous *ropylaea! (cropolis. Mnes!cles %2 ( Greek building that contains painted pictures. P!nacotheca  %3 ( kindred type to the theater. de!on %4 The most beautiful and best preserved of the Greektheaters. 8p!dauros %5 A type of "oman wall facing with alternating courses of brickworks. pus M!)tum %6 ( type of "oman wall facing which is made of small stone laid in a loose pattern roughly resembling polygonal work. pus Incertum % ( type of "oman wall facing with a net5like effect pus Rect!culatum %" ( type of roman wall facing with rectangular block with orwithout mortar -oints. pus @uadratum %% Marble mosaic pattern used on ceilings of vaults anddomes. pus ,esselatum 1&& Form follows function. ou!s (ull!van 1&1 0e created the 6yma,ion 0ouse! the first machine for living. *ucm!nster uller 1&2 (rchitect of the $i5:uclear 0ouse! the 05*lan. Marcel a7os *reuer 1&3 Me,ican (rchitect@'ngineer who introduced thin shell construction. el!) uter!no Candela  1&4 The architect of the *antheon. A/r!ppa  1&5 (rchitect of the World Trade +enter. M!noru Bamasa! 1&6 0e erected the entrance *iaa at t. *eter/s $asilica. *ern!n! 1& (rchitects of the 0agia ophia. 7t. ophia!+onstantinople8 Anthem!us and Is!dorus 1&" (rchitect of the Aung +enter of the *hilippines. 'eor/e Ramos 1&% Who began the building of the Great 0ypostyle 0all at
131 (rchitect of the $atasang *ambansa. el!pe Mendo;a  (rchitect of the *hilippine 0eart +enter. ?uan 132 0ap!l 133 (rchitect of the "ial Memorial tadium. ?uan 0ap!l 134 The architect of the Cuiapo +hurch before its restoration. ?uan 0ap!l 135 (rchitect of M Megamall. Anton!o (!n #!on/ 136 +entral $ank of the *hilippines! Manila. 'abr!el ormoso 13 G..&.. $uilding! "o,as $oulevard. 'eor/e Ramos 13" $uilt by the Franciscan priest Fr. $las dela Madre! this church in "ial whose design depicts the heavy influence of panish $aro%ue! was declared a national treasure. Moron/ Church 13% This church! 1st built by the (ugustinian Fr. Miguel Murguia! has an unusually large bell which was made from appro,imately DE sacks of coins donated by the towns people. Panay Cathedral !n Cap!; 14& ( raised stage reserved for the clergy in early +hristian churches. *ema  141 &n Greek temples! the e%uivalent of the crypt is the ))). 0aos 142 From the Greek temples! a temple that have porticoes of columns at the front and rear. Amph!Prostyle 143 +orresponds to the Greek naos. Cella  144 The first plan shape of the t. *eter/s $asilica by $ramante. 'ree Cross 145 The final plan shape of the t. *eter/s $asilica by +arlo Maderna. at!n Cross 146 Bn either side of the choir! pulpits for the reading of the epistle and the gospel are Ambo 14 &n some churches! there is a part which is raised as part ofthe sanctuary which later developed into the transept! this is the))). *ema  14" &n early +hristian churches! the bishop took the central place at the end of the church called ))). Apse 14% Brientation of the "oman temple is towards the ))). orum 15& Brientation of the Greek temple is towards the ))). 8ast 151 Brientation of the 'truscan temple is towards the ))). (outh 152 Brientation of the Medieval +hurch est 153 The space for the clergy and choir is separated by a lowscreen wall from the body of the church called ))). Cancell! 154 mallest cathedral in the world. 7$yantine period8 !ttle Metropole Cathedral- Athens 155 Bne of the few churches of its type to have survived having a s%uare nave and without cross5arms! roofed by a dome which spans to the outer walls of the building. 0ea Mon! 156 Type of plan of the $yantine churches. Central!;ed 15 First school which offered architecture in the *hilippines !ceo de Man!la  15" The best e,ample of a German "omanes%ue church with apses at both east and west ends. orms Cathedra  15% The council house in Greece. *ouleuter!on 16& The senate house of the Greeks. Prytane!on 161 The oldest circus in "ome. C!rcus Ma)!mus 162 The oldest and most important forum in "ome. orum Romanum 163 The warm room in the Thermae ,ep!dar!um 164 The 0ot room of the Thermae Cal!dar!um 165 The dry or sweating room in the Thermae. (udator!um 166 The dressing room of the Thermae. Apodyter!a  16 The room for oils and unguents in the thermae. Dnctuar!a  16" The colosseum in "ome also known as the flavian amphitheater was commenced by whom and completed by whom2  9espas!an E #om!t!an 16% The finest of Greek Tombs! also known as the /tomb of (gamemnon/. ,reasury o$ Atreus 1& Who commenced the /hall of hundred columns/2 Fer)es 11 The private house of the "omans. #omus 12 The sleeping room of the /megaron/. ,halamus

13 "oman apartment blocks Insulae 14 emi5palatial house surrounded by an open site 9!lla  15 ( roman house with a central patio. Atr!um ft. 8 in diameter rising in H stories of encircling arcades. campan!le 211 "oughly carved of men and beasts used as support columns of pro-ecting porches and of bishops throne. ambro/!o 212 ( secluded place Altars 213 ecular architecture Castle 214 The first Frankish king who became roman emperor! was crowned in HEE at "ome by the pope! and ruled over the franks! which included central Germany and northern France2 Ale)ander 215 Type of roof in which J faces rest diagonally between the gables and converge at the top 
21" Finest or "omanes%ue castles in pain is at ))))  Alocabaca- Portu/al 21% ited and designed to secure the routes from coastal ports to 4erusalem ortress 22& ( civil settlement under the protection of a castle. ort!$!cat!on 221 ( pro-ecting wall or parapet allowing floor openings! through w@c molten lead! pitch! stones were dropped only on an enemy below. mach!colat!ons 222 ( parapet having a series of indentions or embrasures! between which are raised portions known as merlons battlement 223 The upstanding part of an embattled parapet! between two crenels@ embrasure openings. merlons 224 ( s%uared timber used in bldg. construction or a low ridge of earth that marks a boundary line ba!ley 225 ( candinavian wooden church with vertical planks forming the walls (teve church 226 (rchitecture was marked by copy roofs which fre%uently had more storey than the walls! and were provided with dormer windows to make through current of air for their use as a drying ground for the large monthly wash2 domest!c 22 ( pro-ection block or spur of stone carried with foliage to decorate the raking lines formed by angles of spires and canopies. crocet 22" (n arch starting from a detached pier and abutting against a wall to take the thrust of the vaulting. buttress 22% ( circular or polygonal apse when surrounded by an ambulatory of which are chapels. transept 23& (n architectural style which in its period is the 'nglish e%uivalent of the high gothic of northern France first pointed. ,udor 231 Aeafed ornament. mould!n/s 232 Iertical tracery members dividing windows into different numbers of lights. tracery 233 The actual sanctuary of a church beyond the choir and occupied only by the officiating clergy. presbytery 234 ingle and most important building in $ritain. est m!n!ster abbey 235 ( room! where food is stored in a manor house. pantry 236 The screen@ ornamental work rising behind the altar. c!mbor!o 23 Term applied to a tower crowned by a spire. $!n!al 23" ( ledge or shelf behind an altar for holding vases or candles. retablo 23% Briginally the minaret of the mos%ue. !bla  24& The largest medieval cathedral and is somewhat German in character in north &taly. lorence Cathedral 241 ( space entirely or partly under a building in churches generally beneath the chancel and used for burial in early times. crypt 242 ( movement which begun in &taly in the 1#th century created a break in the continuous revolution of 'uropean times. Rena!ssance 243 &n renaissance archre! which is logically staid and serene architectural style2 Pallad!an 244 The phase in western 'uropean renaissance archre 1D#E51HE! when renewed inspiration was sought from ancient Greek and roman architecture ant!+uar!an 245 ( term coined to describe the characteristics of the output of &talian renaissance architects of the period 1#E51?EE. +haracteried by unconventional use of classical elements manner!sts 246 ( method of forming stonework with roughened surfaces and recessed -oints! principally employed in renaissance buildings Rust!cat!on 24 ( light portable receptacle for sacred relics Rel!+uary 24" Famous architect in Florence renaissance archre. *runellesch! 24% The principal floor of an &talian palace! raised one floor above ground level and containing the principal social apartments. P!ano 0oble 25& reath 254 (n ornament consisting of a spirally wound band! either as a running ornament or as a terminal. scroll 255 ( room decorated with plants! sculpture and fountains 7often decorated with nymphs8 and intended for rela,ation. nymphaneum 256 France generally describe rococo as roca!le 25 Bne of the winged heavenly beings that support the throne of god or act as guardian spirits! or chubby! rosy5 faced child with wings. cherub!n 25" +entral shaft of a circular staircase also applied to the post in which the handrail is framed. ne>el

25% ( type of relief ornament or cresting resembling studded leather straps! arranged in geometrical and sometimes interlaced patterns much used in the early renaissance archre in 'ngland. strap>or 26& pace between the columns. !ntercolumnat!on 261 (n ornament in classic or renaissance archre consisting of an assembly of straight lines intersecting at right angles of various patterns. (lso called key pattern $ret>or 262 ( stone gallery over the entrance to the choir of a cathedral or church. pulp!tum 263 ( term originally applied to the art of decorative painting in many colors! e,tended to the coloring of sculpture to enhance naturalism! also described to the application of variegated materials to achieve brilliant or striking effects2 polychromy 264 The selection of elements from diverse styles for architectural decorative designs!particularly during the >nd half of the 19th century in 'urope and 3(. e)press!on!sm 265 ( long dormer on the slope of a roof! it has no sides! the roofing being carried in a nave line. eyebro> 266 The central rounded of a pattern or ornament! an oculus! one at the summit of a dome. syl!/ht 26 ( vertical steel support cast iron was used until relatively cheap steel became available. re7a  26" The sanctuary of a classical temple! containing the cult statue of the God. Cella  26% (lso known as iam 7before 1998 and was named! meaning Kland of the freeL *urma  2& ( stupa in a form of a corn cob. v!haras 21 "eflects $urmas cultural connections with +hina and &ndia! built over older foundations 71?th51Dth century8 at "angoon. sh>e da/on pa/oda  22 $urmas term for monasteries. p!taatta! 23 +hinese monumental gateway. pa!lou 24 &s the most famous for the eye catching tower he constructed in *aris for the e,position universally of 1HH9 work of 'iffel tower. Ale)andre 'ustav 8!$$el 25 Bne of the pioneers of the modern movement in (merican architecture. Work auditorium building! 3.. ou!s D decision to work always and only for all humanity led him to address the largest global problems of poverty! disease and homelessness. *ucm!nster uller 2"4 &n his practice he e,plores the use of indigenous materials infused with current technological trends to bring a new dimension in designs. ranc!sco Manosa  2"5 (fterwards became deeply involved in the design and building of French railways and bridges. 0e worked on structures such as bridge across the Garonne "iver! train stations at Toulouse and again in France. 'ustave 8!$$el 2"6 0e has actively promoted the use of native architectural forms and indigenous nationals such as bamboo and thatch! in the creation of a distinctively Filipino architecture. ranc!sco Manosa  2" French5born! $railian architect and urban planner. This famous a,iom K'ach one sees whatever he wishes to seeL belongs to! uc!o Costa  2"" 0e was the architect in his time that receives his license as award at his ?Es or at the age of ?E yrs. Bld. *ucm!nster uller 2"% (n important cottish architect who was particularly known for his interiors based on classical decoration. Robert Adam 2%& 0e was called KMasters masterL where his students are architects like Gropius! $reuer and Ian de "ohe Peter *ehrens 2%1 (rchitect who leads the development of the Cueon Memorial +ircleL in Cueon +ity. ranc!sco Manosa  2%2 'iffel tower & *aris stands. %"4 $t. 2%3 tarting with holesL belongs to architect *ucm!nster uller 2%4 ( house is a machine to live inL philosophy belongs to e Corbus!er

2%5 0e paid great attention to the detailing of the structure! which he attributed to his fathers teachings about craftsmanship. M!es van de Rohe Bne of his stylish choice which are circles and s%uares were used in his design solutions. R!chard Me!er 2%6 2% 0is contributions where the advocacy of the idea of planning rooms by volume. scar 0!emeyer 2%" 0is solutions to building problem were always direct! transmitting to the ground by the shortest path the stresses developed within the structures. 0erv!- P!er u!/! 2%% Father of modern architectural movement in $rail. uc!o Costa  3&& ( city is sub-ected to growth! delay and rebuiltL :en;o ,an/e 3&1 For 'gyptian (rchitecture design! due to e,cessive sunshine! there was no need for windows! the massive unbroken walls provided the surface for h!ero/yph!cs 3&2 &n Greek (rchitecture! &t is the largest building atopthe (thenian (cropolis! &t is a temple dedicated to (thena 7The warrior of maiden8 &t is a 6oric building!and made entirely of white pentelic marble andsurrounded by freestanding column. Parthenon 3&3 &n Greek (rchitecture! The )))))))))) theater designed 7c.#E $+8 by *olyclitus. &t is among thelargest and best preserved ancient theaters in Greece. The circular construction and the pitch of the seats! where held close to 1J!EEE spectators! permit nearly perfect acoustics. 8p!daurus ,heater 3&4 &n "oman (rchitecture! &t was built (6 D>5H> in "ome &taly! &t is the largest "oman (mphitheater! ( four storey! elliptical structure that seated about#E!EEE spectators. The e,terior faNade was embellished with superimposed 6oric! ionic and +orinthian columns. Colosseum 3&5 &n "oman (rchitecture! &t was built (6 11>! &t was designed by (pollodorous of 6amascus for 'mperorTra-an! it is often considered the most magnificentand architecturally most pleasing. ,ra7ans $orum 3&6 &n "oman (rchitecture! The *antheon 7(6 +11H5>H8!( monument of imperial "ome! revived the use ofbrick and concrete in temple architecture. &t issymmetry is enchanced by its hemispherical dome! Who is the architect of this historical monument27he is the son in law of (ugustus.8 A/r!ppa  3& The Washington 6.+. monument. The tapering shaft contained in a Greek style temple! the obelisk is the only remnant of the original blueprint that remains. &t was designed in the year 1H1> by the (merican (rchitect! What is the name of this (rchitect2 Robert M!lls 3&" What is the name of the +athedral in France that was designed by 4ean d Brbais. Re!ms Cathedral 3&% &n France! &t is the official residence of *resident of France! &t was built in 1D1H by +laude Mollet for 0enry de la Tour d (uvergne 8lysee Palace 31& &n *hilippine (rchitecture! &t is considered the homeof the ultans. +arved on the wooden posts in theniyaga! a stylied mytical snake design can be found.&t is the traditional residence of the reigning ultanof Maranaw people and his family. ,oro/an > "o,as $oulevard8is the tallest building along the boulevard and one ofthe highest residential condominium in the world.The one with the golden glass facing Manila $ay and3nited tates 'mbassy compound in Manila. Who isthe Filipino (rchitect of this famous residentialcondominium2 '..G Partners 314 For the +reation of pace )))))))a +hinese *hilosopher! said! KThe reality of the building does not consist in the roof and walls! but in the space within to be lived in.L ao ,;e 315 The base or platform upon which a column! pedestal! statue! monument! or structure rests. Pl!nth 316 7Greek (rchitecture8 is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or apillar supporting an entablature on her head. Caryat!d 31 &s an architectural device! typically carved in stone and employed to decoratively emphasie the ape, of a gable! orany of various distinctive ornaments at the top! end! or corner of a building or structure. !n!al 31" The architect who said that the e,terior of the building is the result of the interior. le Corbus!er 31% The later male counterpart of the caryatid and the name refers to the legend of (tlas! ,elamon 32& &s an architectural term related to ancient Greek buildings! is the platform of! usually! three levels upon which thesuperstructure of the building is erected. The levels typically decrease in sie incrementally! forming a series of stepsalong all or some sides of the building. Crep!doma  321 The Filipino (rchitect Who 6esigned the ??Meters7>1D ft/8 height *ylons Cueon Memorial +ircle. eder!co Ilustre 322 &s an ornamental molding or band following the curve of the underside of an arch! &t is composed of bands ofornamental moldings 7or other architectural elements8 surrounding an arched opening! Arch!volt

323 is a term used for (ncient Greek *lays in order to describe any of two passageways leading into the orchestra!between theatron and skenO 7also known as the parodos8. 8!sodos 324 ( monumental! four5sided stone shaft! usually monolithic and tapering to a pyramidal tip. bel!s 325 ( caulking material made from old hemp rope fibers that have been treated with tar. Aoum 326 ( waterspout pro-ecting from the roof gutter of a building! often carved grotes%uely7culpture8. 'ar/oyle 32 &s a statue! building! or other edifice created to commemorate a person or important event. They are fre%uently used Monument 32" The Greek council house which is covered meeting place for thedemocratically5elected council is calledP *ouleuter!on 32% The Grandest Temple of all 'gyptian temples! it was not built byupon one complete plan but owes its sie! disposition andmagnificence to the work of many th 6ynasty to the *tolemaic period. 'reat ,emple o$ Ammon- :arna 33& The father of modern picture books of (rchitecture Andrea Pallad!o 331 The man of learningQ can fearlessly look down upon thetroublesome accidents of fortune. $ut he who thinks himselfentrenched in defense not of learning but of luck! moves one slipperypath! struggling though life unsteadily and insecurely.L ,en boos o$ Arch!tecture by Marcus 9!truv!us 332 Tomb of (treus! a noted e,ample of the tholos type of tomb isalso known asP ,omb o$ A/amemnon 333 The memorial column built in the form of tall 6oric order andmade entirely f marble is ,ra7anHs Column 334 &t is the eclectic style of domestic architecture of the 1HDEs and the 1HHEs in 'ngland and the 3( and actually based on country house and cottage 'liabeth architecture which was characteried by a blending of Tudor Gothic! 'nglish "enaissance and colonial elements in the 3(P @ueen Anne style 335 (n 'nglish (rchitect who prepared plan for Aondon i.e.! t. *eters and t. *aul +athedral *roposed a :etwork of (venues connecting the main features of Aondon. (!r Chr!stopher ren 336 The sacred enclosure fond in the highest part of a Greek city is calledP,emenos 33 The architect who claimed thatP KThe ultimate goal of the new architecture was the composite but inseparable work of an art! in which the old diving line between monumental and decorative elements will have disappeared forever.L alter 'rop!us 33" The architect who said that the e,terior of the building is theresult of the interior e Corbus!er 33% The building that serve as a senate house for the chief dignitariesof the city and as a palace where distinguished visitors and citiensmight be entertained. Prytane!on 34& &t is a traditional house that was called binangiyan. &t was a single room dwelling elevated at 1.#E meters from the ground the floor were made of hard wood like narra which rested on  floor -oist which in turn were supported by transverse girders. :ananay 341 &t is the third phase of 'nglish5Gothic (rchitecture where elaborated ornamental vaulting! and refinement of stone cutting techni%ues. #ecorated style 342 'nclosure formed by huge stones planted on the ground in circular form. Cromlech 343 ( style in the architecture &taly & the second half of the 1?thcentury and to a lesser e,tent elsewhere in 'urope. &t uses classical elements in an unconventional manner. Manner!sm 344 The Greek council house which is covered meeting place for the democratically5elected council is called *ouleuter!on 345 The Grandest Temple of all 'gyptian temples! it was not built by upon one complete plan but owes its sie! disposition and magnificence to the work of many th 6ynasty to the *tolemaic period 'reat ,emple o$ Ammon- :arna 346 ( )))))))))))) is a ))))))))))) which e,tends vertically from lowest portion of the wall which ad-oins two living units up to a minimum height of E.E meters above the highest portion of the roof and e,tends horiontally E.E meters beyond the outermost edge of the abutting living units2 !re>all !rebloc 34 The father of modern picture books of (rchitecture Andrea Pallad!o 34" KThe man of learningQ can fearlessly look down upon the troublesome accidents of fortune. $ut he who thinks himself entrenched in defense not of learning but of luck! 1& boos o$ arch!tecture by 9!truv!us 34% &t was the first law passed by the national assembly in 19>1 where the maestros de obra or the master builders are re%uired to register as architects2 8n/rJs G Archt. a> Act 2%"6 35& Tomb of (treus! a noted e,ample of the tholos type of tomb is also known as ,omb o$ A/amemnon 351 The memorial column built in the form of tall 6oric order and made entirely if marble is ,ra7ans Column 352 'arly type of settlement in (merica taken after the KbaugL 7military town8 and KfauborgL 7citiens town8 of the medieval ages Med!eval r/an!c C!ty

353 &t is the eclectic style of domestic architecture of the 1HDEs and the 1HHEs in 'ngland and the 3( and actually based on country house and cottage 'liabeth architecture which was characteried by a blending of Tudor Gothic! 'nglish "enaissance and colonial elements in the 3( @ueen anne (tyle 354 Ae +orbusier planned a high density building that was a Ksuper buildingL that contained D dwellings in only acres of land. What is the structure that supposed to be located in Marseilles2 Dn!te d
3"& T'"M &: ( *'+&(A&='6 ':' TB 6'+"&$' B:' BF T0' (TT&T36' BF T(T' TBW("66 ("+0"' R A(:6+(*' G("6':&:G &: T0' A(T' 1Hth R '("A; 19th +':T. $A6G R A(:6+(*' W'"' TB 0(I' T0' +B:T"BAA'6 &:FB"M(A&T; BF ( *&+T3"'. P!ctures+ue Arch!tecture 3"1 Mythical monsters each with the body of a lion and a head of a man! hawk! ram or woman possessed (ph!n) 3"2 (n ancient 'gyptian rectangular! flat5topped funerary mound with battered 7sloping8 sides covering a burial chamber blow ground Mastaba  3"3 0uge monoliths! s%uare on plan and tapering to an electrum5capped 7alloy of silver R gold8 Kpyra5midionL at the summit! which was the sacred part. The four sides are cut with hieroglyphics. bel!s  3"4 ( massive funerary structure of stone or brick with a s%uare base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the ape, Pyram!d 3"5 &nward inclination or slope of an outward wall. *atter 3"6 +onsists of a comple, of KsarsenL 7any of the many large sedimentary rocks that have been broken into blocks by frost action and are found scattered across the chalk downs of southern 'ngland 8stones and smaller blue stones set in a circle and connected by lintels (tonehen/e 3" (rtificial Mountains made up of tiered 7layered8! rectangular stages which rose in number from one to seven !//urat 3"" *ictorial representation of religious ritual! historic events and daily pursuits
Arr!s 4&% a small flat band between mouldings to separate them from each other. architecture flat narrow mouldingP a raised or sunken ornamental surface set between larger surfaces !llets

41& ( triangular piece of wall above the entablature enclosed by raking cornices architecture gable on colonnadeP a broad triangular or segmental gable surmounting a colonnade as the ma-or part of a facade Ped!ment 411 The lowest s%uare member of the base of a column Pl!nth 412 Town s%uare! was the center of social and business life! around which were stoas! or colonnaded porticoes! temples! markets! public buildings! monuments! shrines. A/ora  413 These are arches erected to emperors and generals commemorating victorious campaigns has one or three openings. uch arches were adorned with appropriate bas5reliefs 7flat sculpture slightly pro-ecting8 and usually carried grit5brone statuary 7statues considered collectively8 on an attic storey and having a dedicatory inscription in its face ,r!umphal Arch 414 *alatial public baths of &mperial "ome raised on a high platform hot springsP hot springs or baths! especially the public baths of ancient "ome ,hermae 415 'lliptical (mphitheatres are characteristically "oman buildings found in every important settlement! used to display of mortal combats 7gladiatorial8 Colosseum 416 ( roman structure where immense %uantities of water were re%uired for the great thermae and for public fountains! and for domestic supply for the large population a channel for waterP a pipe or channel for moving water to a lower level! often across a great distance A+uaducts 41 +orresponds 7links8 to the (gora in a Greek city was a central open space! used a public meeting space! market or rendevous for political demonstrations. orum 41" ( turret 7small rounded tower8 or part of a building elevated above the main building. architecture pointed ornamentP a pointed ornament on top of a buttress or parapet P!naccle 41% Taken from a tomb chamber! or the ornamental treatment given to a stone coffin hewn out of one block of marble and with sculptures! figures and festoons 7garland8 of a late period! surmounted by lids like roofs terminating in scrolls. stone coffinP an ancient stone or marble coffin! often decorated with sculpture and inscriptions (arcopha/us 42& ( term applied to monumental tombs. They consisted of large cylindrical blocks! often on a %uadrangular podium! topped with a conical crown of earth or stone. Mausolleum 421 Aine of intersection of cross5vaults 'ro!ns 422 unk panels! caissons or lacunaria formed in ceilings! vaults or domes sunken panel in a ceilingP a decorative sunken panel in a ceiling Co$$ers 423 ( mass of masonry built against a wall to resist the pressure of an arch R vault. *utress 424 an arch covering in stone or brick over any building architecture arched ceilingP an arched structure of stone! brick! wood! or plaster that forms a ceiling or roof a room with arched ceilingP a room! especially an underground room! with an arched ceiling 9ault 425 ( long arcaded entrance porch to a +hristian $asilican +hurch 0arthe) 426 ( building or a part of a church in which baptism is administered bapt!ster!es 42 a basin usually of stone which holds the water for baptism. ont 42" ( vault having a circular plan! and usually in the form of a sphere portion! so constructed as to e,ert an e%ual thrust in all directions #ome 42% ( raised stage in a $asilican church reserved for the clergy*ema 43& ( range of arches supported on piers or columns attached to or detached from the wall. Arcade 431 ( raised pulpit on either side of a $asilican church from which the epistle of a gospel were read Ambo 432 6ecorative surfaces formed by small cubes of stones! glass R marble Mosa!c 433 ( canopy supported by columns generally placed over an altar or tomb. (lso known as K+&$B"&3ML. *aldach!no 434 ( longitudinal division of an interior area! as in a church! separated from the main area by arcades or the like. A!sle 435 The principal or central longitudinal area of a church! e,tending from the main entrance or narthe, to the +0(:+'A 7area of church near altarP an area of a church near the altar for the use of clergy and choir! often separated from the nave by a screen or steps8 usually flanked by aisles of less height 0ave 436 The circular or multi5angular termination of a church sanctuary. ( rounded pro-ection of a building Apse 43 ( small pavilion! usually open S built in gardens R parks. :!os 43" (n inward5looking building whose prime purpose is for contemplation R prayer. ( space without ob-ect of adoration. 7Muslim8

Mos+ue 43% ( block of stone! often elaborately carved or moulded! pro-ected from a wall! supporting the beams of a roof! floor or vault. Corbel 44& a tall tower in! or continuous to a mos%ue arch stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which the faithful are called to prayer M!naret 441( diagonal cutting of an arris formed by two surfaces at an angle Cham$er 442 (n approach or an open forecourt surrounded by arcades in a $asilican church. Atr!um 443 ( small arch or bracket built across each angle of a s%uare or polygonal structure to form an octagon or other appropriate base for a dome or a spire. (n interior supporting part of a towerP an arch! corbelling! or lintel built across the upper inside corner of a s%uare tower to support the weight of a spire or other structure above (+u!nch 444 Womens or private %uarters of a house or place in &slamic architecture. 
453small towers! often containing stairs! and forming special features in medieval buildings. ,urret 454 Iertical tracery members dividing windows into different numbers of light. ( vertical window dividerP a vertical piece of stone! metal! or  wood that divides the panes of a window or the panels of a screen Mull!ons 455 ( castle in a French5speaking country or a stately residence. ( French castleP a castle or large house in France! often one that has a vineyard attached and gives its name to wine produced there. Chateau 456 ( slender wooden spire rising from a roof. ( slender church spireP a slender spire! especially one that emerges from the roof of a church at the point where the ridges intersect. leche 45 a 7shell8 or a recess in a wall! hallowed like a shell for a statue or ornament. 0!che 45" 7Aump or knob8 or pro-ecting ornament at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings! whether vaulted or flat. *oss 45% &s a rectangular feature in the shape of a pillar! but pro-ecting only about one si,th of its breadth 7distance from side to side8 from the wall. P!laster (tr!p 46& (n umbrella shaped copula. Chatr!s 461 The ornamental pattern work in stone! filling the upper part of a gothic window. ,racery 462 The high platform on which temples were generally placed 7in general! any elevate platform8. ( foundation wallP a low wall forming a foundation or base! for e,ample for a colonnade Pod!um 463 The part of a cruciform church! pro-ecting at right angles to the main building. Wings of churchP the part of a cross5shaped church that runs at right angles to the long central part 7nave8 ,ransept 464 Iaulting in "omanes%ue in which a framework of ribs supported thin stone panels. The new method consisted in designing the profile of the transverse 7crosswise or at right angle with something8! longitudinal and diagonal ribs to which the form of the panels was adopted R!b G Panel 465 pecial term for a lantern or raised structure above a roof admitting light into the interior2 C!mbor!o 466 ( room where food is stored a pantry 7 a walk5in cupboard8 a cupboard arder 46 The tapering termination of a tower in Gothic churches (p!re

46" The term applied to a tower crowned by a spire (teeple 46% S( room for storage of garments ardrobe 4& ( slight conve, curvature built into a truss or beam to compensate for an anticipated deflection so that it will gave no sag when under load. Camber

41 +overed passages around an open space or KGarthL! connecting the church to the chapter house a small courtyard or enclosed space Co!sters 42 ( serving room between kitchen and dining room! or a room for storage of food supplies Pantry 43 ( vault in which the ribs compose a Kstar5shapedL pattern (tellar 9ault 44 ( building comple, of a certain 'nglish order or a self5contained community used by monks Monastery 45 ( bay window especially cantilevered or corbelled out from the face of the wall by means of pro-ecting stones. r!el !ndo> 46 The dining hall of a monastery! convent or college Re$ectory 4 (n ornament consisting of a spirally wound band! either as a running ornament or as a terminal! like the volutes of the ionic capital. (croll 4" (n &talian impressive building or private building Pala;;o 4% Bne of a number of short vertical members often circular in section used to support a stair handrail or a coping 7walls capping surface8. *aluster 4"& a term applied to a type of "enaissance ornament in which rock5like forms fantastic scrolls! and crimped folded or pressed together8 shells 7are worked up together in a profusion and confusion of detail often without organic coherence but presenting a lavish display of decoration (ny e,cessively ornate or fancy style ( style of architecture and the decorative arts characteried by intricate ornamentation that  was popular throughout 'urope in the early 1Hth century. Rococo 4"1 &n France! anything e,travagantly ornamented! so ornate as to be in bad taste! a style of art and architecture in &taly in the 1Dth to 1Hth century. baro+ue 4"2 ( tower not connected with K$ellL. ( term applied to the upper room in a tower in which the bells are hung. *el$ry 4"3 The entire construction of a classical temple or the like! between the columns and the eaves usually composed of an architrave! friee! and a cornice. 8ntablature 4"4 7$"&T&08 The hall built or used by medieval association as of merchants and tradesmen! organied to maintain standards that constituted a governing body. 76oge  &talian renaissance chief magistrate8 #o/eJs el 4%1 The chief magistrates buildings! in the former republic of Ienice R Genoa. #o/eJs Palace 4%2 ( spherical roof! 7a dome5shaped roof8 placed like an inverted cup over a circular s%uare or multi5angular apartment. ( dome on roofP a small dome on a roof! sometimes made of glass and providing natural light inside Cupola  4%3 (n ante5room to a larger apartment of a building (n entrance hallP a small room or hall between an outer door and the main part of a building 9est!bule 4%4 ( construction such as a tower! at the crossing of a church rising above the neighboring roofs and glaed at the sides antern 4%5 ( twisted band! garland or chaplet! representing flowers! fruits leaves! often used in decoration ( circular arrangement of flowersP a circular arrangement of flowers and greenery placed as a memorial on a grave! hung up as a decoration! or put on somebodys head as a sign of honor a representation of wreathP a representation of a circular arrangement of flowers! vines! or other things! for e,ample in a carving or on a coat of arms Uheaddress garland laurelV reath 4%6 &n "enaissance! a room used primarily for e,hibition of art ob-ects! or a drawing roomUgrand sitting room social gathering of intellectuals art e,hibition or galleryV (alon 4% ( roof having a double slope on four sides the lower slope being much steeper and the flatter upper portion. (lso known as the gambrel roof. Mansard 4%" ( room decorated with plants! sculpture and fountains 7often decorated with beautiful Maiden living in "ivers! trees8 and intended for rela,ation. UnymphP a spirit or a minor goddess of nature or a beautiful young womanV 0ymphaeum 4%% (n ornate iron grille! or screen! a characteristic feature of panish +hurch interiors (n architectural decorationP a carved decoration at the top of a gable! spire! or arched structure !n!al 5&& ( support for a column statue or a vase! it usually consists of a base. K6ieL or 6ado! and a cornice or cap mould Pedestal 5&1 ( window in a sloping roof usually that of a sleeping apartment. ( window pro-ecting from roofP a window for a room within the roof space that is built out at right angles to the main roof and has its own gable #ormer

5&2 ( bust 7sculpture of head R shoulders8 on a s%uare pedestal instead of a human body! used in classic times to mark boundaries on highways! and used decoratively in "enaissance times. 
5& ( decorative niche often topped with a canopy and housing a statue or an icon. ,abernacle 5&" 7to walk8 the cloister 7covered walkway around a courtyard8 or covered passage around the east end of the church! behind the altar. Ambulatory 5&% (lso called Kkey patternL the upper portion of the pinnacle UpinnacleP pointed ornamentP a pointed ornament on top of a buttress or parapetV an architectural decorationP a carved decoration at the top of a gable! spire! or arched structure !n!al 51& a raised platform reserved for the seating of speakers and dignitaries a raised platformP a raised platform at the end of a hall or large room. Upodium! platform! pulpit! stageV #a!s 511 The window of a protruded bay or the windowed bay itself. ( protruding windowP a rounded or three5sided window that sticks out from an outside wall and forms a recess on the inside *ay !ndo> 512 $ulbous termination to the top of a tower! found principally in +entral R 'astern 'urope or 515 The space between two columns Intercolumnat!on 516 Bne of the winged heavenly beings that support the throne of God or act as guardian spirits! or +hubby! a rosy5faced child with wings Cherubs 51 'arth5baked 7unglaed8 or burnt in moulds. For use in construction! harder in %uality than brick. Ubrownish red colorV ,erracotta  51" ( coat of arms connected with heraldry or heraldsP belonging or relating to heraldry or heralds or 525 Butstanding architectural creation in ri Aanka which is a circular relic house built in stone and brick. ata #a/e 526 *ictures%ue composition built in (merica since 19HE. 0all timbering and massive medieval chimney. &dentified by prominent gables and large e,pansive windows with small panes. ,udor Rev!val 52 a large conve, moulding used principally in the bases of columns. ,orus 52" Most typical +hinese building! usually octagonal in plan! odd number o stories usually 9 or 1 storeys and repeated roofs! highly colored and with upturned eaves! slopes to each storey. Pa/oda 

52% Bne storey with low5overhanging roof and broad front porch. 3npretentious style often rambling spread out floor plan! more e,pensive to build lightweight tropical houseP a simply5built one5storey house with a veranda and a wide! gently sloping roof in outheast (sia and the outh *acific *un/allo> 53& ( glaed earth ware originally made in &taly pottery with colored glaeP earthenware decorated with colored opa%ue metallic glaes 7often used before a noun8 a!ence 531 Monumental pillars standing free without any structural function! with circular or octagonal shafts with inscriptions carved in it. The capital  was bell5shaped and crowned with animal supported bearing the $ uddhist will of Aaw. (tambas E aths 532 Most famous of ancient +hinese building undertakings. &t snakes! loops! and doubles back on itself. Meandering across valleys! plains! scaling mountains! plunging into deep gorges and leaping raging rivers of !DEE miles. 'reat all 533 (n art free from any historical style characteried by forms of nature for ornamentation in the faNade aptly called for the floral design. Art 0oveau 534 a school founded by Gropius in 1919! developing a form of training intended to relate art and architecture to technology and the practical needs of human life. bauhaus 535 The arrangement and design of windows in a building enestrat!on 536 "elating or conforming to technical architectural principles. Arch!tecton!c 53 "ock5cut temples in &ndia Rarhs 53" ( structural system consisting of trusses in two directions rigidly connected at their intersections. ( rectangular shape is formed where the top and bottom chords of the trusses are directly above R below one another. (pace rame 53% a type of timber framing in (merica about 1H>Es wherein it owes its strength to the walls! roof acting as diaphragms! and not on the post. &t is an e,tension of the roof. *aloon ram!n/ 54& ( +hinese ceremonial gateway erected in memory of an eminent person Pa! ou 541 ( dwarf tree which is a perfect reflection of 4apanese culture *onsa! 542 (n elegant two storey! rectangular town house with a massive stone first floor! and a light and airy second floor! mother5of5pearl or KcapiL  windows and pictures%ue wide tile roof. 'ntrance is of 0eavy plank door with wrought iron or brass nails! sturdy balustrades of wood or iron grilles below windows to let in cool air. Ant!llan E parts called minutes and each minute being again divided into >E parts or seconds of space. :en 546 +ordillera one room house on four wooden posts with an animal or insect barrier and a pyramidal roof +ogon grass built without nails I$u/aoE *ontoc
555 19Es modernists style of art inspired by mechanical forms and chiefly distinguished by geometrical shapes! bold color schemes and symmetrical designs! suitable for mass production Art #eco 556 These are garden rooms. 'a;ebo 55 patio 7panish outdoor living or dining8I'"(:6(0 7a porch or balcony for summer leisure8 ABGG&( (toa  55" Turret7medieval8  minaret 7&slamic8steeple 7church tower R spire87term use for spire crowned towers8 P!nnacle 55% 7highest point8 fleche 7a church spire8 spire 7tapering termination of a gothic church tower8 finial 7a design at the top of a spire8 P!nnacle 56& $oss 7vaulted or flat8 groin 7vaulted only8 *ossE 'ro!n 561 Cuoins 7-ust a corner stone8 vs. s%uinch 7structural arch to support a dome8 @uo!ns E (+u!nch 562 statue chamber2 (erdab 563 bldg that hold sculpture. 'lypthoteca  564 bldg that holds painting P!nacotheca  565 acropolis! sacred enclosure ,hemenos 566 coffer! ceiling2 acunar!a  56 space bet naos wall and column2 Peroma  56" tholos passageway #romos 56% sleeping room! megaron2 ,halamus 5& 7greatest e,ample of 'gyptian temple8 ,he 'reat ,emple o$ Arna 51 Great phin, at Gieh. 'od . +aves 5"1 . "ocks on top of each other 5"2 J. 0ard5packed snow blocks 5"3 #. animal skins 5"4 8/ypt!an Arch!tecture 1. $attered or sloping outside walls 5"5 >. +olumns R +apitals from vegetable origins 5"6 . *apyrus $uds! Aotus Flower walls of mud brick! thick R 9M high 5" J. 3nbroken massive walls adorned with hieroglyphics 5"" Mesopotam!an Arch!tecture 1. (bundance of clay5provided bricks 5"% >. "oofs flat outside 5%& . (rchitecture was arcuated winged deity and winged human headed lion used as dcor 5%1 J. 0ouses of one room! entered by a single door R without windows 5%2 Pre columb!an Arch!tecure 1. Temple pyramids are approached by a single steep flight of steps. 5%3 >. tone Ufinely dressed! carved! or laid as roughly dressed rubbleV was employed for all important buildings 5%4 'ree Arch!tecture 1. +olumnar R trabeated 7have horiontal beams rather than archs8 5%5 >. Wooden roofs were untrussed

5%6 . +eilings sometimes omitted 5% J. optical illusions were corrected! in Greek Temples 5%" #. 6oric! &onic! +orinthian Uorders of columnsV 5%% Roman Arch!tecture 1. The arch R the vault was developed 6&& >. Two orders of architecture added UTuscan R +ompositeV 6&1 . +oncrete is now used Ucomposition of lime! sand! poolana R broken bricks or small stones. 6&2 8arly chr!st!an Arch!tecture 1. Widely paced +olumns carrying semi5circular arches 6&3 >. $asilican +hurches have  to # aisles! covered by a simple timber roof 6&4 . Mosaic decoration added internally 6&5 J. separate buildings used for baptism or baptisteries 6&6 *y;ant!ne Arch!tecture 1. :ovel development of the 6ome to cover polygonal and s%uare plans of churches 6& >. Tomb R baptisteries by means of KpendentivesL 6&" . FrescoL decoration using marble R mosaic 6&% Islam!c Arch!tecture 1. $ulbous or onion dome 61& >. Minarets 611 . talactite moulding 612 J. +restingP decorative roof ridgeP an ornamental ridge on a roof 613 #. painted arch 614 Romanes+ue Arch!tecture 1. "ibbed R panel! cross vaults 615 >. plaster strips! arcades! rose windows! 616 . ober 7serious@ not fanciful8R dignified style 61 J. Formal massing depends on the grouping of towers and the pro-ection of transepts R choir. 61" 'oth!c Arch!tecture 1. *ointed arch 61% >. buttress! flying buttress 62& . gargoyles! decorated vaulting 621 J. rose R lancet windows ploughshare twist 622 #. variety of open roofs 7trussed! tie5beam! collar8 623 Rena!ssance Arch!tecture 1. "usticated masonry! 7rough masonry8 624 >. Cuoins! $alusters 625 . domes or raised drums 626 J. pediments one within the other 62 #. rococo 62" ?. baro%ue style 62% D. mansard roof 63& H. salon 631 *r!ta!n Arch!tecture 1. *ictures%ue values 632 >. "eflected in the predilection 7liking8 for highly te,tured! colorful materials! asymmetry R informality. 633 . palao style was a triumph of national ecclesiasticism 634 J. :ew functions R techni%ues produced new forms 635 #. Taller buildings were designed due to concrete R cast iron frames. 636 ?. :ew materials were used due to the effect of canals 63 D. "ailroad systems! central heating R elevator or lift 63" Cont!nental 8urope "epetition of standard bays! both plan R elevation! an affinity 7similarity8 with bay system! programmatically adopted  with the introduction of iron construct ion 63% Amer!can Arch!tecture 1. :eo5classic R Greek revival was followed 64& >. $aloon frame was introduced 641 . The skyscraper was contributed related to metal frame construction 642 J. The non5load5bearing curtain wall R the elevator

643 Modern Internat!onal 1. Free5standing glass sheath suspended on a framework across the face of the building or curtain wall. 644 >. (rt :oveau and $auhaus was developed 645 . 'normous pans unobstructed were at length achieved with concrete. 646 J. teel is used in space5frame 64 Ind!a E pa!stan 1. 0indu worship is an individual act 64" >. $uddhist religious buildings or shrines took the form of T3*( 7$uddhist shrine or pagoda8! and are designed for congregational use. 64% . Mouldings have $3A$B3 character 65& J. The TB"3 moulding is used 651 #. Iarious $( reliefs depicting scenes of daily life and story of $uddha 652 ?. The female form in its voluptuous 7sensual8 form is often used 653 (r! ana  1. "ock Temples! with s%uare or octagonal pillars 654 >. ( circular relic house 7wata5dage8 built in stone R brick is an outstanding architectural creation. 655 . (rchitecture of wood! with high pitched roofs! with wide eaves! slightly curved! finished with small flat shingles and terra cotta tiles. 656 J. Windows with lac%uered wood bars! carved timber doorways! ornamental metalwork door furniture! painted walls. 65 A$/han!stan- 0epal- ,!bet 1. +upola "oofs 7dome shaped roof or dome on roof8! spanning with arched s%uinches! the s%uare chamber angles! lantern roof and coffered dome! an elaborate system of he,agon! each containing the statue of $uddha 65" >. The K&<0("(L R K*(GB6(L temples survive. 65% . ( monumental pillar generally supporting a metal superstructure adorned with mystic symbols! groups of divinities and portraits statuary of royalties. 66& J. Windows have intricate lattice screens and roof have red curved tiles! metal gutters and pro-ecting cornice and fancifully decorated with carving! embossing! tinkling bells and hanging lamps. 661 #. The monastery is fortress5like sited on hill tops. 662 ?. *illars and beams are painted Kyellow or redL and Kpainted silksL hang from the roof.

663 *urma- Cambod!a- ,ha!land- Indones!a  1. tepped Temple *yramid! terraced on a hill 664 >. 3sing stone without mortar fitted perfectly and numerous colossal towers 665 . "eligious buildings overlaid with ornamentation of +hinese characters! surfaces often finished with porcelain tile 666 J. Walls are white stucco! 7wall plaster8 66 #. multi5leveled overlapping timber roofs 66" ?. Gables and bargeboard decorated with 0indu iconography. 66% D. 6oors and window shutters are of carved wood! lac%uered in black and gold. 6& Ch!na  1. "oof ridges are laden with elaborate ornamental cresting and the up5tilted angles are adorned with fantastic dragons and grotes%ue ornament.7distorted biarre8 61 >. "oofs one on top of the other using 5shape enameled tiles. 62 . "oof framing in KrectangleL and not triangle. 63 J. 3se of bright colors 64 #. +olumn brackets are decorated with birds! flowers and dragons. 65 ?apan 1. Aight and delicate timber construction is refined by a minute carving R decoration 66 >. 6ominant roofs characteried by their e,%uisite 7beautiful@superb8 curvature! supported by a succession of brackets 6 . 3pper part of the roof is terminated by a gable placed vertically above the end walls 6" J. "ooms are regulated by a K<':L Tatami mats. 6% #. Aove of natureP using stone! lantern R bonsai. 6"& Ph!l!pp!nes 1. 3se of indigenous 7natural8 materials for houses like bamboo! palm leaves! sturdy wooden posts! carved wooden sidings! cogon grass roof. 6"1 >. panish5style high5pitched roofs! 6"2 . +api shell windows! barandillas! balconies! 6"3 J. +oconut shell R wood design

6"4 #. Much use of galvanied iron sheet for roofing. "12 Kshrine of freedomL! designed by Father (ntonio +edeno! with 6iego 4ordan as engineer Real uer;a de (ant!a/o Kort (ant!a/oL "13 famous walled city within a city seven gates completed 1HD> made of bricks and hard adobe from the *asig "iver %uarries wall are J# ft thick and rise ># ft above the moat Intramuros "14 1. roofs at J# degrees gradient or less>. use of bricks! limestone! hardwood! capi shells 7G.&. sheets and clay tiles or KtisaL were ate (pan!sh Per!od "15 1. a KregimeL of reinforced concrete and galvanied iron>. :eo5+lassical styles Amer!can Per!od H1? mediocre design! uncontrolled and hasty rebuilding only resurrected old designs 5 commercial building drew inspiration from contemporary architecture in the West Post ar Arch!tecture "1 Movement in >Eth +entury! art that represented the revolutionary effort of young &talian +oncrete! steel and glass utur!sm "1" +ubist style developed in Germany and (ustria 719EEs8.+0("(+T'"&T&+P6evoid of ornamentation unct!onal!sm "1% ought for solutions for alternative cheap forms of construction in timber! brick R metal.&nitiated by $ritish 7pre5fab. (rchitecture8 Dt!l!tar!an!sm "2& :on5representational style of art w@c uses modern industrial materialsP plastic R glass.&deal abstract art movement arose in 'urope R "ussia 7191519>E8 Construct!v!sm "21 But view in w@c the ma-or activities or environmental factor was employed in the structure in a non5intellectual manner. 0eoe)press!on!sm "22 first built in the 1th century and reconstructed in 19E?S19E9! is the largest clay building in the world. ,he 'reat Mos+ue o$ #7enn !n Mal!"23 developed the first safe passenger elevator. &n addition to this! was the development of techni%ues for manufacturing rolled steel 8l!sha  'raves t!s "24 architecture BF T0' borrowing and BF free selection 8cclect!sm "25 movement for aesthetic and moral crusade5 escape F"BM T0' &ndustrial World ,he Arts G Cra$ts Movement "26 &n 'gyptian architecture! the tomb of the pharaohs is the. Pyram!d 114" +entral $ank of the *hilippines! Manila. 'abr!el ormoso 114% G..&.. $uilding! "o,as $oulevard. 'eor/e Ramos

115& The tower atop the torogan where the princess and her ladies in waiting hide during occasions. am!n 1151 Found in the ground floor of the bahay na bato! it is where the carriages and floats are kept. a/uan 1152 The emergency hideout found directly behind the neadboard of the ultan/s bed. *!l! 1153 The flat! open terrace open to the toilet! bath! and kitchen areas and also used as a laundry and drying space and service area for the servants. A;otea  1154 &n the kitchen of the bahay kubo! the table on top of which is the river stone! shoe5shaped stove or kalan is known as ))). #apo/an 1155 KForm follows functionL ou!s (ull!van 1156 KForm does not necessarily follow functionL Anton!o 'aud! 115 K(rt and (rchitecture! the new unityL alter 'rop!us 115" K( house is a houseL ou!s :han 11#9 K+ube within a cubeL e corbus!er 116& K( bridge is like a houseL Robert Ma!lart 1161 KAess is moreL

ud>!/ M!es 9an #e Rohe 1162 Brnament is a crime Adol$ oos 1163 Aess is more only when more is too much ran oyd r!/ht 1164 F3:+T&B: &:FA3':+' $3T 6B' :BT 6&+T(T' FB"M 88Ro (aar!nen 1165 MB6'": ("+0&T'+T3"' :''6 :BT $' W'T'": :en;o tan/e 1166 ("+0&T'+T3"' M3T M''T  "'C3&"'M':TP T':GT0! $'(3T;! 3:&T; Marcus 9!truv!us 116 Audwig Mies Ian 6e "ohe 116" Aess is $ore @ K+omple,ity and +ontradiction in (rchitectureL Robert 9entur! 116% The reality of the building does not consist in the roof and walls! but in the space within to be lived in ao ,se 11& A'I'" 0B3' 5 was one of the earliest steel and glass office towers and the first such tower in :ew ;ork +ity. (M 111 +0";A'" $3&A6&:G! :; !ll!an 9an Allen 112 G'B6'&+ 6BM' *ucm!nster uller 113 ;6:'; B*'"( 0B3' ?orn Dt;on 114 BABMB: G3GG':0'&M M3'3M ran oyd r!/ht 115 *("A&(M':T $3&A6&:G! $"(=&A uc!o Costa G scar 0!emeyer 116 $(30(3 $A6G! G'"M(:; alter 'rop!us 11 '&:T'&: TBW'" 8r!ch Mendelson