BEGINNING
DOLMEN TUMULUS MENHIRS
Consists of several large stones set on end with large covering slab A mound of earth or stone protecting a tomb chamber or simple grave Single great stones set on end and arranged in parallel rows, some of which run for several miles and consists of thousands of stones purpose is of religious nature EGYPTIAN
HIEROGLYPHICS PYLON
Picture writings of primitive people Monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple consisting with slanting walls flaning the entrance portal
TOMBS MASTABA
!lat"top funerary mound, with battered sloping sides, covering a burial chamber below ground
ROYAL PYRAMIDS
Massive funerary structure of stone or bric with a s#uare base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the ape$
ROCK HEWN TOMBS
A type serving for the nobility rather than royalty
TEMPLES MORTUARY CULT
!or ministrations to defied pharaoh !or the popular worship of the ancient and mysterious gods ANCIENT NEAR EAST
PORTICO
A colonnaded space forming an entrance or vestibule, with a roof supported on at least one side by columns
MEGARON PERSEPOLIS
Principal room of an anatolian house %all of hundred columns PRE-COLUMBIAN IN AMERICA
MAYA ARCH
A corbelled arch of triangular shape common on building of the Maya &ndians of 'ucatan GREEK
ECHINUS
(he conve$ or pro)ecting moulding, resembling the shell of sea urchin which supports the abacus of the *ree +oric capital, sometimes painted with egg and dart moulding
DADO
(he portion of the pedestal between its base and cornice A term applied to the lower portion of walls when decorated separately
COFFERS EXEDRA DORIC IONIC PROPYLAEA
Sun panels, caissons or lacunaria formed in ceilings vaults of domes A recess or alcove with raised seat where the disputation of the learned too place used chiefly in South &taly and Sicily on the *ree mainland Asia minor -r entrance gateways, mared the approach to the sacred enclosure in many cities such as Athens, Epidauros, Eliusis and Prien
PINACOTHECA PEDIMENT ANTELIXAE
A picture gallery or a building to contain painted pictures A triangular piece of wall above the entablature enclosed by raing cornice -rnamental blocs fi$ed vertically regular intervals along the lower edge of a roof, to cover the ends of tiles
NAOS MUTULES PEDIMENT
(he principal chamber in the *ree temple containing the statue of the deity Pro)ecting inclined blocs in +oric cornices, derived from the ends of wooden beams &n classic architecture, a triangular piece of wall above the entablature enclosed by raing cornices
ACROTERION
.locs resting on the verte$ and lower e$treminities of the pediment to support statuary or ornaments
TYMPANUM CORNICE FRIEZE
(he triangular surface bounded by the sloping and hori/ontal cornices of a pediment (he crowning or upper portion of the entablature also used for any crowning pro)ection (he middle division of the classic entablature
1 of 13
ARCHITRAVE
(he beam or lowest division of the classic entablature, which e$tends from column Also a moulded frame around a door or window
CAPITAL SHAFT CREPIDOMA STYLOBATE TRIGLYPH
(he crowning feature of a column or a pilaster (he portion of a column between base and capital (he steps forming the base of columnaded *ree temple 3steps2 (he upper step forming a platform on which a colonnade is placed .locs with vertical channels which form a distinguishing feature in the frie/e of the +oric entablature
METOPE
(he space between +oric triglyphs, sometimes left open in ancient e$amples, afterwards applied to the carved slab
TENIA GUTTAE REGULA
A flat pro)ecting band capping the architrave of a +oric entablature Small cones under the triglyphs and mutules of the +oric entablature (he short band under triglyphs, beneath the tenia of the +oric entablature and to which the gutae are attached
ANNULETS
A small flat fillet encircling a column &t is several times repeated under the ovolo or enchinus of the +oric capital
TRACHELION HYPOTRACHELION
(he nec of a *ree +oric column, between the annulets and the gromes or hypotrachelon (he channels or grooves beneath the trachelion at the )unction of capital and shaft of a column
ENTABLATURE
(he upper part of an order of architecture, comprising architrave, frie/e and cornice, supported by a collonade
COLUMN ANTEFIXAE
A vertical support, generally consisting of base, circular shaft and spreading capital -rnamental blocs, fi$ed vertically at regular intervals along the lower edge of a roof, to cover the ends of tiles
ARRIS FLUTES ABACUS PLINTH FILLETS FLUTES DENTILS CYMATIUM VESTIBULE CAUCOLI
(he sharp edge formed by meeting of two surfaces (he vertical channeling on the shaft of a column A slab forming the crowning member of a capital (he lowest s#uare member of the base of a column A small flat band between mouldings to separate them from each other (he vertical channeling on the shaft of a column (ooth lie blocs in &onic end Corinthian cornices (he crowning member of a cornice generally in the form of a cyma (he ante room or small foyer leading into a larger space Anyone of the ornamental stalles rising between he leaves of a Corinthian capital from which the volutes spring
ANCONES BAS-RELIEF AGORA
Consoles on either side of a doorway supporting a cornice Carving in low or shallow relief on a bacground -r town s#uare, was the center of social and business life, around or near which were stoas or colonnaded porticoes, temples, administrative and public buildings
STOA
A long colonnaded building served many purposes &t is used around public places and as shelters at religious shrines
PRYTANEION
Served as a senate house for the chief dignitaries of the city and as a place were distinguished visitors and citi/ens might be entertained
BOULEUTERION ODEION
-r council house was a covered meeting place for the democratically"elected councils A indred type to the theater, was a building in which musician performed their wors for the approval of the public and competed pri/es
STADIUM HIPPODROME
4as the foot race course in cities where games were celebrated 4as a similar though longer type of building for horse and chariots racing and was the prototype of the 5oman circus
PALAESTRA NAVAL BUILDINGS PODIUM SARCOPHAGUS,
4as a wrestling school or *'M6AS&7M, a place for physical e$ercises of all inds including ship"sheds and stores at this time, principle of roof truss not yet understood2 A continous pedestal also the enclosing platform of the arena of an amphitheater (aen from a tomb chamber, of the ornamental treatment given to a stone
0 of 13
CNIDOS MAUSOLEUM, HALICARNASSOS CARYATID CENEPHORA
Coffin hewn out of one bloc of marble and with sculptures of a late period (he most famous of all tombs and one of the seven wonders of the world Sculptured female figures used as column or supports Sculptured culture figures bearing basets on their heads 5-MA6
PODIUM OPUS QUADRATUM OPUS INCERTUM
a continous pedestal, also the enclosing platform of the arena of the amphitheater rectangular blocs or stone w or w8o mortar )oints but fre#uently secured with dowels stones became #uite small, and on the wall faces appeared in a loose pattern roughly resembling the polygonal wor
OPUS RETICULATUM
time of Augustus, net lie effect with fine )oints running diagonally, so that each unit was precisely s#uare though set lo/enge fashion
OPUS TESTACEUM OPUS MIXTUM CONCRETE
bric facing superceded reticulate wor became the hallmar of the imperial period in &taly final type, an alteration of course of bricwor and small, s#uared stone blocs a composite material which consists essentially of binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate
VAULT GROINS PINNACLE TEPIDARIUM FRIGIDARIUM LACONICUM VELARIUM
an arch covering in stone or bric over any building are line or intersection of groin vaults a turret part of a building elevated above the main building or warm room containing an unheated swimming bath or dry sweating room a great awning drawn over 5oman theaters and amphitheaters to protect spectators against the sun
MAST
a tall span or hollow metal structure rising vertically to support the sails or awnings
QUADRIGA ATRIUM
four"horsed chariot, in sculptured form, often surmounting a monument an apartment in 5oman house, forming an entrance hall or court, the roof open to the sy in the center
COMPLUVIUM
a #uadrangular opening in the atrium of a 5oman house towards which the roof sloped so as to throw the rain water into a shallow cistern
PROTHYRUM IMPLUVIUM LEAN TABLINUM
a porch or vestibule in front of the door of a house a shallow tan under the compluvium, as opening in the roof of an atrium a small e$tension to a building with a roof having but one slope whose support lean against a a large open room or apartment for family records and hereditary statues situated at the end of the atrium farthest from the main entrance
FAUCES TRICLINIUM CUBICULUM OECUS MOSACI
the passageway from the street to the atrium, or from the atrium to the peristyle a roman dining room with couches on three sides a bedroom, but sometimes used in a less specific sense to denote other rooms the main room, the successor of the megaron decorative surfaces formed by small cubes of stone, glass and marble EARLY CHRISTIAN
BALDACHINO ARCADE BEMA FONT
A canopy supported by columns generally placed over an altar or tomb also nown as ciborium A range of arches supported on piers or columns attached to or detached from the wall A raised stage reserved for the clergy A basin usually of stone which holds the water for baptism BYZANTINE
CENTERING
A temporary structure upon which the material of a vault or arch are supported position until the wor becomes self"supporting
ST. SOPHIA ICONOSTASIS
Perfect e$pression of .y/antine style A screen in a *ree orthodo$ church on which icons sacred image2 are placed, separating the chancel from the space -pen to the laity
GYMNACEUM
A part of the gree house, or a .y/antine church reserved for women
3 of 13
ISLAMIC
MOSQUE MINARET
A muslim house of worship A tall tower in, or continous to a mos#ue arch stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which the faithful are called to prayer
MIHRAB KIOSK CORBEL
A niche where the leader of the congregation the &mam2 maes his prayer A small pavilion, usually open, built in gardens and pars A bloc of stone, often elaborately carved or moulded pro)ected from a wall, supporting the beams of a roof floor or vault
CHAMFER KIBLA COLONETTE VERANDAH
A diagonal cutting of an arris formed by two surfaces meeting at an angle
CENOTAPH PODIUM CHATTRIS
A monument erected in memory of one not interred in or under it
A$is oriented towards mecca A small column usually decorative A covered porch or balcony e$tending along the outside of a building, planned for summer leisure (he high platform on which temples were generally placed An umbrella shaped cupola ROMANESQUE EUROPE (9TH-!TH CENTURY"
PILASTER STRIPS NARTHEX PULPIT CLOISTERS
&s a rectangular feature in the shape of a pillar, but pro)ecting only about 18: of its breath A long arcaded entrance porch to Christian .asilican An elevated enclosed stand in a church in which the preacher stands A secluded place cover passages around an open space, connecting the church to the chapter houses, refectory and other parts of the monastery
CRYPT
A space entirely or partly under a building in churches generally beneath the chancel and used for burial in early times
HELM ROOF
(ype of roof in which four faces rest diagonally between the gables and converge at the top SPAIN, PORTUGAL AND HOLY LAND
HORSESHOE ARCH DIACONICON PROTHESIS APSIDOLES KEEP #$% DON&ON
Most important characteristic of mature Spanish 5omanes#ue architecture in church design (he vestry of Early Christian church (hat part of a church where the credence table stands A small apsidal chapel one pro)ecting from an apse (he stronghold of the mediaeval usually in the form of a massive tower and a place of residence, especially in times of siege
FOSSE-FOSS TALUS
A moat or a ditch (he slope as inclination of any wor, or a coarse roc fragments, mi$ed with soil at the foot of a cliff
GLACIS
A slope enbanment in front of a fortification so raised as to bring an advancing enemy into the most direct line of fire
BENT ENTRANCE
An entrance of two gateways not in line so that it is necessary to mae a sharp turn to
ALLURE PARAPET BATTLEMENT
An alley, wal or passage a gallery behind a parapet
pass through the second, for privacy in houses or temples !or security in fortification (he portion of wall above the roof gutter or balconies sometimes battlemented Parapet having a series of indentations or embrasures between which are raised portions nown as merlons
MERLONS MACHICOLATIONS
(he upstanding part of embattled parapet, between two crenelles or embrasure openings A pro)ecting wall or parapet allowing floor openings, through which molten lead, pitch, stones, were dropped an enemy below
MOAT DRAWBRIDGE
A broad deep trench surrounding the ramparts of a town or fortress usually filled with water At the entrance of fortifications, a bridge over the moat or a ditch, hinged and provided with a raising and lowering mechanism so as to hinder or permit passage
PORTCULLIS
A defensive grating, of massive iron or timber movable, vertically in retaining grooves cut in the )ambs of a fortified gateway
9 of 13
LOGGIA
Arcaded or colonnaded structure open on one or more sides, sometimes with an upper storey BRITISH AISLE AND S CANDINAVIAN (ST-!TH CENTURY"
HELM ROOF
A roof having four faces, each of which is steeply pitched so that they form a spire, the four ridges rise to the point of the spire from a base of four gables
MOTTE
A step mound of earth surrounded by a ditch and surmounted by a timber stocade and tower A main feature of a 6orman castle
BAILEY RAMPART PALISADE BAULKS MANOR HOUSE UNDERCROFT ' CRYPT CELLAR SOLAR LAPPED STAVED CHURCH
(he open area with a mediaeval fortification the outer wall of a feudal castle Earthen or masonry defense wall of a fortified site A series of stout poles, pointed on top and driven into the earth, used as a fence or fortification S#uared timber used in building, construction or a low ridge of earth that mars a boundary lin (he most important house in a country or village neighborhood A vaulted basement of a church or secret passage, often wholly or partly below ground level A cellar having half or more of its clear height below grade A room or apartment of an upper floor, as in an Early English dwelling house A )oint form by placing one piece partly over another and uniting the overlapped portions A Scandinavian wooden church with vertical plans forming the walls GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE FRANCE
VOUSSOIRS BUTTRESS FLYING BUTTRESS PINNACLES
A trunicated wedge shape blocs forming an arch A mass of masonry built against a wall to resist the pressure of an arch or vault An arch starting from a detached pier and abutting against a wall to tae the thrust of a vaulting A small turrel lie termination on the top of buttresses often ornamented with bunches of foliage called crocets
CROCKET
A pro)ection bloc or spur of stone carved with foliage to decorate the raing lines formed by angles of spires and canopies
FINIAL GARGOYLE CLEAR STOREY TRIFORIUM
(he upper portion of a pinnacle, bench end A pro)ecting water spout grotes#uely curved to throw off water from the roof Above the triforium to light the nave composed of a range or windows A blind story is the space beneath the sloping roof over the aisle vault and enclosed on the nave side by a series of arches
TRACERY CHEVET AMBULATORY NAVE CHAPELS
(he ornamental patternwor in stone, filling the upper part of *othic window A circular or polygonal apse when surrounded by an ambulatory of which are chapels (he cloister or covered passage around the east end of a church, behind the altar (he central aisle of the church Places for worship, in churches in honour of particular saints Sometimes erected as separate buildings
AISLE TRANSEPT FLECHE TURRET ORIEL WINDOWS AMBRY AMBO APSE BOSS
SOFFITS
(he e$posed undersurface of cury overhead components of a building, such as an arch, ceiling, balcony, beam, cornice, lintel or vault
MULLIONS BOSS (LUMP ' KNOB" PLOUGH
=ertical tracery members dividing windows into different numbers of light A pro)ecting ornament at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings, whether vaulted or flat Share twist, the irregular or winding surface in a vault, where the wall ribs, owing to the position of the clear storey windows, start at a higher level than the other ribs
LIERNE RIBS
Short intermediate rib which does not rise from the impost and is not a ridge rib
; of 13
CONOID
having a form of a cone (he term applied to the lower part of a vault where the ribs converge against the outer wall and form an appro$imation of an inverted half"cone or half pyramid
STELLAR VAULT BAULK TIE
A vault in which the ribs compose a star"shaped pattern
CAMBER
A slight conve$ curvature built into a truss or beam to compensate for any
A tie beam )oining the wall posts of a timber roof and serving also to prevent walls from spreading anticipated deflection so that it will have no sag when under load
CRUCKS
Pairs of timbers, arched together and based near the ground, erected to form principals for the support of the roof and walls of timber framed small houses
CLOISTERS
Covered passages around an open space or garth, connecting the church to the chapter house or refectory
REFECTORY PRESBYTERY SPIRE BROACH SPIRE
(he dining hall in the monastery, convent or college (he actual sanctuary of a church beyond the choir and occupied only by the officiating clergy (he tapering termination of a tower in a *othic churches An octagonal spire rising above a s#uare tower without a parapet, with pyramidal forms at the angles of a tower
SQUINCH ARCH
A small bracet or similar device built across each angle of a s#uare or polygonal structure to form an octagon or other appropriate base for a dome or spire SPAIN AND PORTUGAL
CIMBORIO CORO RETABLO REREDOS RETABLE STEEPLE SPIRE RE&A
A special term for a lantern or raised structure above a roof admitting light into the interior Special for choir usually occupied two or more bays of the nave &s a sumptuously ornate form of reredos (he screen or ornamental wor rising behind the altar A ledge or shelf behind an altar for holding bases or candles (he term applied to a tower crowned by a spire (he tapering termination of a tower An ornate iron grille or screen, a chracteristic feature of Spanish church interiors LATE MEDIAEVAL ITALY
BELFRY
A tower not connected with bell, a term applied to the upper room in a tower in which the bells are hung
CRYPT
A space entirely or partly under a building in churches generally beneath the chancel and used for burial in earlier times RENNAISANCE ARCHITECTURE EUROPE (*TH-9TH CENTURY"
FAMOUS ARCHITECTS EARLY RENNAISANCE HIGH RENNAISANCE AND PROTO BAROQUE BAROQUE EARLY RENNAISANCE ST. PETER, ROME BRAMANTE GUILLANO %# SANGALLO FRA GIACONDO RAPHAEL BALDASSARRE PERUZZI ANTONIO %+ SANGALLO MICHAELANGELO
!ilippo .runelleschi .artolomeo Ammanati .artolome .ianco
proposed a plan in the shape of a
GIACOMO %+# PORTA #$% DOMENICO FONTANA
completed the plan
: of 13
VIGNOLA CARLO MADERNA BERNINI
added sided cupolas lengthened the nave to form a
BALUSTER
-ne of a number of short vertical members often circular in section used to
BALUSTRADES ROCOCO
A series of balusters
support a stair handrail or a coping roc wor2 A type applied to a rennaisance ornament in which roc"lie forms, fantastics scrolls, and crimped shells are wored up together in a profusion and confusion of detail, often without organic coherence, but presenting a lavish display of decoration ITALY
CORTILE ANTIQUARIAN
(he &talian name for internal court, surrounded by an arcade, in a palace or edifice (he phase of western European 5ennaisance architecture, when renewed inspiration was sought from ancient *ree and 5oman architecture
MANNERISTS
A term coined to describe the characteristics of the output of &talian 5ennaisance architects of the period 1;3B"1:BB (his is characteri/ed by unconventional use of classical elements
RUSTICATION
A method of forming stonewor with roughened surfaces and recessed )oints, principally employed in 5ennaisance buildings
ASTYLAR PILASTER CANTORIA TABERNACLE RELIQUARY PULPIT HOLY WATER STOUP
A treatment of facade without columns 183 or 18: of the column is shown from the wall Singers galleryD often elaborately carved in a ma)or church A recess or receptacle for usually above an altar, to contain encharistic %ost A light portable receptacle for sacred relics An elevated closed stand in a church in which the preacher stand A basin for holy water, sometimes free standing but more often affi$ed to or carved out of a wall or pillar near the entrance of a church
CASINO PALAZZO PIANO NOBILE OR NOBLE FLOOR LOGGIA FENESTRATION MODILLIONS
A summer or garden house of ornamental character
PEDESTAL PERISTYLE LANTERN
A support for a column statue or vase, it usually consists of a base, die and cornice, cap or mol
A palace or a terms applied to any public building or private residence which is impressive (he principal floor of an &talian palace, raised one floor above ground level and containing the principal social apartments A gallery behind an open arcade or collonade (he arrangement in design or window of a building Also called bracets or consoles, a pro)ecting member to support a weight generally formed with scrolls or volutes which carry the upper member of a cornice A range of column surrounding a court or temples A construction, such as a tower at the crossing of a church rising above the neighbouring roofs and gla/ed at the sides
PIAZZA COUPLED COLUMNS TABERNACLE SPANDREL
A public open place, surrounded by buildings, may vary in shape and in civic purpose Couples set as close pairs with a wider intercolumnation between the pairs A decorative niche often topped with a canopy and housing a statue (he triangular space enclosed by the curve of an arch, a vertical line from its springing, and a hori/ontal line through its ape$
KEYSTONE
(he central stone of semi"circular arch FRANCE
QUOINS
&n masonry, a hard stone or bric used, with similar ones to reinforce an e$ternal corner or edg of a wall or the lie, often distinguished decoratively from ad)acent masonry, maybe imitated in non"load bearing materials
CHAINES
=ertical strips of rusticated masonry rising between the hori/ontal moulding and cornice of a building and so dividing the facade into bays or panels
DORMER MULLION TRANSOMS
A window in a sloping roof usually that of a sleeping apartment =ertical members dividing windows into different numbers of lights (he hori/ontal divisions of crossbars of windows
> of 13
MANSARD
A roof having a double slope of all four sides the lower slope being much steeper, and flatter upper portion named after mansart, also a *AM.5E<
SCROLL
An ornament consisting of a spirally wound band, either as a running ornament or as a termina lie he volutes of the ionic capital or the scrolls on consoles and modillions
NYMPHAEUM
A room decorated with plants, sculpture and fountains
NYMPHS
Any group of minor nature goddesses represented as beautiful maidens
often decorated with nymphs2 and intended for rela$ation living in rivers, mountains and trees
WREATH PAPIER MACHE EMPIRE STYLE BOSS DON&ON LANTERN
A twisted band garland or chaplet representing flowers, fruits, leaves often used in decoration A material composed principally of paper, prepared by pulping mass of paper (he elaborate 6eo classic style of the !rench first empire A pro)ecting ornaments at the intersection of the ribs of ceilings whether vaulted or flat (he inner great tower or a eep A construction such as tower at the crossing of a church, rising above the neighbouring roofs and gla/ed at the sides
VESTIBULE SALON HERMES
An ante"room to a larger apartment of a bulding A room used primarily for e$hibition of art, ob)ects or a drawing room A bust on a s#uare pedestal instead of a human body, used in classic times to mar boundaries on highways and used decoratively in 5ennaisance times
AMBULATORY CONSOLE ' BRACKET
to wal2 (he cloister or covered passage around the east end of a church behind the altar &s a pro)ecting member support a weight generally formed with scrolls or volute when carrying the upper member of a cornice or M-+&<<&-6S SPAIN AND PORTUGAL ()TH-9TH CENTURY"
PATIO PLATERESQUE CHURRIGUERESQUE
A Spanish arcaded or colonnaded courtyard An intricate style named after its lieness to silverwor, a phase of early Spanish architecture E$pression of Spanish baro#ue architecture and sculpture associated with churrigea family of artists and architects, but not inharmonious, decorative e$uberance &n architecture a recurrent feature was the richly garlanded spiral column
MANUELINE ARCHITECTURE (he last phase of *othic architecture in Portugal, so named after ing Manuel & CANDELABRA A movable candle lampstand with central shaft and often branches or a decorative representation thereof BRITAIN
SHEATING
(he covering usually of wood boards or plywood placed over e$terior studding or rafters of a building, provides a base for the application of wall or roof cladding
ENGLISH BOND HEADER
.ricwor with alternate courses, of stretchers and headers A masonry unit laid so that its ends are e$posed, overlapping two or more ad)acent wythes of masonry and tying them together a bonder
STRETCHER FLEMISH BOND
=ertical )oints of one course falling midway between those of ad)acent course A bond in which each course consist of headers and stretchers laid alternately, each header is centered with respect to the stretcher above and stretcher below it
STACK BOND SOLDIER TERRA COTTA
A pattern bond facing bric is laid with all vertical )oints continuously align ed A masonry unit which is set on end, with each phase showing on the wall surface Earth baed ungla/ed2 or burnt in moulds !or use in construction and decoration, harder in #uality than bric
CHERUBS
-ne of the winged heavenly beings that support the throne of *od or act as guardian spirits, or rosy chubby faced child with wings
HERALDIC BAY WINDOW DAIS LONG GALLERY ORIEL
A coat of arms (he window of a protruded bay or the window bay itself A raised platform for the seating of speaers or dignitaries Most striing feature of an Eli/abethan mansion A bay window corbeled out from the upper wall of upper storey, a bay pro)ecting inside or out, e$tending a room -r a windowed bay or porch at the top of e$terior stairs
NEWEL
(he central shaft of a circular staircase, also applied to the post in which the handrail is framed
of 13
CROISEE
from crossing2 transept the !rench term for casement window preferred for the last three centuries of !rance
BELVEDERE
A roofed but open"sided structure affording an e$tensive view, usually located at the roof top of a dwelling GERMANY AND CENTRAL EUROPE
GALLERY
A communicating passage or wide corridor for pictures and statues An upper storey for seats in a church
PILASTER HALF COLUMN NICHE STRAPWORK
A rectangular feature in the shape of a pillar pro)ecting only about 18: of its breadth from the w An engaged column pro)ecting appro$imately F of its diameter A recess in a wall, hollowed lie a shell, for a statue in ornament A type of relief ornament or cresting resembling studded leather straps, arranged in geometrical and sometimes interlaced patterns
FENESTRATION INTERCOLUMNATION PALLADIAN MOTIF HELM CHANCEL
(he arrangement and design of windows in building (he space between the columns An arched opening planed by two smaller, s#uare headed openings .ulbous termination to the top of tower (he space for clergy and choir, separated by the screen from the body of the church, or more usually referred as choirD
FRETWORK
grating2 An ornament in classic or 5ennaisance architecture consisting of an assemblage
CUPOLA TURRET PAVILLION
A spherical roof, placed lie an inverted cup over a circular, s#uare or multi"angular apartment
of staright lines intersecting at right angles, and of various patterns E' PA((E56D small towers, often containing stairs little house for pleasure or recreation2 A prominent structure generally, distinctive in character maring the ends and center of the fa?ade of a ma)or building
FINIAL SPIRE
(he upper portion of a pinnacle A tapering termination of a tower which was the result of elongating on ordinary pyramidal or conical roof
PULPITUM PULPIT CORO
A stone gallery over the entrance to the choir of a cathedral or church An elevated enclosed stand in a church in which the preachers stand (he choir usually occupied two or more bays of the nave BRITAIN (/-90"
PICTURESQUE
-ne of the attitudes of taste towards architecture and landscape gardening buildings and landscape were to have the controlled informality of a picture
POLYCHROMY
Art of decorative painting in many colors e$tended to the colouring of sculpture to enhance naturalism, or application of variegated materials to achieve brilliant or striing effects
ECCLESIASTISM SASH WINDOW
(he selection of elements from diverse styles for architectural decorative designs +ouble"hung usually wooden, gla/ed frame or sash, designed to side up and down in grooves with the aid of pulleys
EYEBROW
A low dormer on the slope of the roof, it has no sides, the roof being carried over it in the nave line CONTINENTAL EUROPE
EYE ARCHITECTONIC STANCHION CELLA
(he central rounded of a pattern or ornament, an -C7<7S, one at the summit of a dome 5elated or conforming to technical architectural principles A vertical steel support, cast iron was used until relatively cheap steel became available (he sanctuary of a classical temple INDIA AND PAKISTAN
TORUS STAMBAS ' LATHS VIHARAS
A large conve$ moulding used principally in the bases of columns Monumental pillar standing free without any structural function, wit circular or octagonal shafts Monasteries consists of #uadrangle surrounded by a verandah on to which open simple s#uare cells TIBET
PLINTH
@ of 13
FRESCO
A painting on a wall while the plaster is wet CHINA
PAI-LOU PAGODA
Ceremonial gateway erected in memory of eminent person Most typical Chinese building usually octagonal in plan, odd number of stories usually @ to 13 &APAN
TRABEATED CAMBER ENTASIS .
the beam forms the constructive features slight rise or upward curve of an otherwise hori/ontal structure a swelling or curving outward along the outline of a column shaft designed to counteract the optical illusion which give a shaft bounded by straight lines ADDITIONAL NOTES
CYMATIUM DRUM CONOID CUPOLA
crowning moulding of cornice
MASTABA OF THI WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL
6ot Egyptian architecture
round wall below a dome lower part of a vault form a cone spherical roof place lie inverted cup over circular multi"angular apartment
6ot &talian 5omanes#ue architecture describes A(- in . ontoc %ouse -<-* in .ontoc =illage 6o facet of any structure is left unadorned MA
RODRIGO PEREZ COSCULLUELA LEANDRO LOCSIN ANTONIO TOLEDO CESAR CONCIO COSCULLUELA FEDERICO ILUSTRE
!ilipino architecture results of migration, importation and derivation Essen/a !ort .onifacio &stana 6urul &man Manila City %all 7P Engineering and
WALTER GROPIUS !acade be a free composition LUDWIG MIER VAN DE ROHE
1B of 13
A. WATERKEYN Atomium in .russels LOUIS KAHN Create buildings and environment automobile"servant of man LEON AZEMA, LUIS HYPPOLIT Palais de Chaillot BOILEAU, &ACQUES CARLU BEN&AMIN LATROBE 7nited States Capitol PIER LUIGI NERVI !erro"cement construction &OSEPH PAXTON Crystal Palace ADOLF LOOSE -rnament is a crime BUCKMINISTER FULLER 1@:> Montreal 7S E$hibition ROBERT VENTURI
-pera %ouse
HAUSMANN HIPPODAMUS EUGENE FREYSSINET FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT LOUIS SULLIVAN BUCKMINISTER FULLER FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT DOXIADIS THOMAS &EFFERSON GIACOMO DA VIGNOLA EBENEZER HOWARD SORIA Y MATA BUCKMINISTER FULLER FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT ANTONIO GAUDI INIGO &ONES CHRISTOPHER WREN LE CORBUSIER
City Planner
+esign as if you were a child
*rid iron system !olded slab techni#ue &mperial %otel (oyo !-5MS !-<<-4 !76C(&-6S *E-+ES&C +-ME -5*A6&C A5C%&(EC(75E E&S(&CS S(A(E CAP&(-< 5&C%M-6+ 7SA !&=E -5+E5S -! A5C%&(EC(75E *A5+E6 C&(' <&6EA5 C&(' SA((E<&(E .5-A+ AC5E C&(' PA5A.-<-&+S &(A<' !5E6C% =&<
CITY OF TOMORROW LINEAR CITY GARDEN CITY BROAD ACRE CITY RADIANT CITY
!unction of a spinal rapid transit system urban belt 6o distinction between country and city City surrounded by agricultural greenbelt 1B,BBB population town with farm and factory wor outside town proper Continous rows of tall building woven /ig/ag across landscape space 3 C-6CEP(S -! (E55&(-5&A<&(' provision of safe home base protection8evolution of species
11 of 13
prevention of parasites TERRITORIALITY OPERATES IN ANIMALS &nsures propagation of species by controlling density Provides a frame in which things are done, learn and play Coordinates individual activities and seperates them in groups Prevents communication which each other DISTANCES
PERSONAL FLIGHT SOCIAL CRITICAL
6ormal spacing seperating members of non"contact species lie bubble
ADEQUATE PRETENTIOUS MINIMAL FORMAL ' SCULPTURED
Materials not necessary efficient and utili/ed below ma$imum load bearing E$aggerated elements 7ses least amount of material !ocuses on novelty of form SOCIAL DISTANCES
INTIMATE PERSONAL
180 " 1 180 !( 1 180" 0 180 !( C<-SE P%ASE2 0 180 " 9 !( !A5 P%ASE2
SOCIAL
9 " > !( > " 10 !(
PUBLIC
10 " 0; !( 0; !("M-5E THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
HUE BLUE GREEN PURPLE WHITE GRAY BROWN ORANGE YELLOW RED
.rightness or dullness of color Peaceful and tran#uil Cool and sedative Sedative and soothing Cheerful, when mi$ed with warm colors Suggest cold and is also depressing &s restful and warming %as stimulating efect +enotes gaiety 5age and passions THEORY AND SCIENCE
MULTIPLE NUCLEI THEORY BREK OF BULK THEORY PROXEMICS
City growth not around a center but discrete nuclei Cities performed allied services along transport routes -bservations or theories of manIs use of space Study of socially conditioned spatial factors in ordinary human relations
ERGONOMICS
Study of efficiency of manIs in their woring environment RECEPTORS
IMMEDIATE DISTANCE SOCIAL PUBLIC
Sin and muscles receptors E$amination of distant ob)ects
FORMS OF ART
ANGRY POP DIRTY PSYCHEDELIC
Songs of protest Anything goes !ilthy dustbins, mud, dirty wors 4eird songs HIERARCHY OF STREET TYPES
10 of 13
LOCAL COLLECTOR STREET CIRCUMFERENTIAL STREET MA&OR COLLECTOR STREET LOCAL RESIDENTIAL STREET
Pic"up traffic from local residential street in one neigborhood Circumventing neighborhoods Ma)or arteries and inter"neighborhood streets Solely for residential area served URBAN PATTERNS
RADIOCENTRIC RECTILINEAR RING LINEAR SATTELITE STAR SHEET ARTICULATED SHEET BRANCH CONSTELLATION
DISTRICTS NODES LANDMARKS EDGES PATHWAYS
Components of neigborhood at the center, uptown, in town residential areas Center of activities Prominent visual features (ermination of a city Ma)or8minor circulation routes people used to move about recreational area URBAN ECOLOGICAL PROCESS
SUCCESSION CONCENTRATION CENTRALIZATION INVASION DECENTRALIZATION
Entrance of new populations or facilities in occupied area Clustering of certain speciali/ed institution, activities or facilities &ncrease of population at certain geographic center 5esult of complete invasion and where the ma)ority of population is replaced by the new type -pposite tendency to follow outward growth of the city BASIC DATA AND PLANNING STUDIES
HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY POPULATION STUDY ECONOMIC BASE STUDY MAN MADE ECONOMIC BASE STUDY
E$isting physical features and street system Population characteristic and distribution Ma)or businesses, industries and services as well as ma)or occupation Physical setting of the community or region %ousing and neighborhood environments in a community or region COMPONENTS OF MASTER PLAN
CIRCULATION1TRANSPORTATI +elineates railroad lines and terminal PUBLIC UTILITIES1SERVICES !lood control pro)ects COMMUNITY FACILITIES PLAN %ospital and clinic &ndustrial uses are included LAND USE PLAN PUBLIC UTILITIES1SERVICES 4aterways, ports SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Clearing slum areas beyond repair *iven oppurtunity to move from sites S(7+&ES !-56&C7.E AJ&M7(% S<-PES .7&<+&6* 6AMES &(C%E6 P
13 of 13
