FQ^YVA^VYG VYIGCG
Akcafptk nf Fstruaturg Vrigcg
Akjpkcfctfs nf Fstruaturg Vrigcg
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
^rgjg Vrigcg
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Fstruaturg Vrigcg
Bucaeñc
\eurg, 7?>= pkr Jgykr Jemufh Tgvghg
Aeungn nf Grfquepg
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Aeungn nf ^rudehhk
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
HG JGCTGCG
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
HG AGHHF
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
HKQ AYVAFQ
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
HKQ FQ\ FQ\GAEKQ GAEKQ GIEFY^KQ
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
^YGTGNKQ NF HG AEVNGN
^E\K KY^KMKCGH
^E\K YGNEGH
^E\K HECFGH
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Gatevengn Vrigcg Hgs Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs skc gqufhhgs quf rfghezg fh okjirf fc nevfrsks puctks nfh fspgaek urigck4 Hg aeungn y sf agrgatfrezgc pkr hg rfuceñc nf mrupks nf ecnevenuks quf sf ductgc pkr ectfrfsfs akjucfs4 ^rgigdk, auhturg, fakckjêg , rfarfgaeñc , sghun fta. Fdfjphk4 Rever, Yfarfgsf, Akjfr, Akjfr, fta. fta .
Bkrjg
Gatevengn Fakcñjeag \rkafsk jfnegctf fh augh sf mfcfrgc f ectfragjiegc prknuatks, iefcfs k sfrveaeks quf auirfc cufstrgs cfafsengnfs y pfrjetf hg mfcfrgaeñc nf requfzg nf ucg akjucengn jfnegctf hg fxtrgaaeñc, trgcsbkrjgaeñc y nestreiuaeñc nf hks rfaursks cgturghfs k iefc nf ghmôc tepk nf sfrveaek. Fdfjphk4 Gatevengnfs \rejgregs, Qfaucngregs, ^fraegregs.
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Bucaeñc rfsenfcaegh4
Bucaeñc gnjecestrgtevg
nfbecf g hg aeungn akjk jkrgng nfh okjirf, fstg rfprfsfctgng pkr hgs vevefcngs nf hks ogietgctfs nf hgs aeungnfs, sfmrfmgaeñc urigcg, nestreiuaeñc nf hgs vevefcngs fc hg aeungn gh cevfh skaekfakcñjeak.
krmgcezgaeñc, krnfcgjefctk y akctrkh nfh fspgaek urigck, pkr fdfjphk4 hks juceaepeks quf skc hks quf rfmuhgc hg veng hkagh, gnfjçs nf hks krmgcesjks fstgtghfs, jecestfreks, fta. G hks quf gaunf hg pkihgaeñc g aujpher kihemgaekcfs y nfjgcngr nfrfaoks
BVCAEKCFQ VYIGCGQ Qkc gatevengnfs quf sf nfsgrrkhhgc fc fhhgs y hgs quf jfdkr hg nebfrfcaegc nf hks gsfctgjefctks rurghfs. Bucaeñc ecnustregh sf rfhgaekcg akc hg fakckjêg nf hg aeungn y pkr hg arfgaeñc nf fjphfks y nf prknuaaeñc nf iefcfs jgcubgaturgnks
Bucaeñc akjfraegh akjfraek gskaegnk g hg pkihgaeñc y pkr hk mfcfrgh gvgczg akc fhhg
Bkrjg
Jkrbkhkmêg Vrigcg
Fstruaturg Vrigcg Bucaeñc
Krmgcezgaeñc Bucaekcgh
^rgjg Vrigcg Gatevengnfs Vrigcgs
Gspfatks quf ectfrvefcfc fc fh gcçheses nf hg Fstruaturg Vrigcg nf ucg Aeungn
Gspfatks Cgturghfs Gh fstunegr hks gspfatks cgturghfs nf ucg aeungn, nfif akckafrsf su ghturg skirf fh cevfh nfh jgr, sus agrgatfrêsteags tkpkmrçbeags, hg aghengn y hks tepks nf su sufhk, su akjpkrtgjefctk gctf sesjks, ourgagcfs y ghuvekcfs, sus agrgatfrêsteags oenrkhñmeags, su bhkrg y bgucg, hks jgtfreghfs nf akcstruaaeñc fxestfctfs, su ahejg -quf ecahuyf hgs akcneaekcfs nf gskhfgjefctk, tfjpfrgturg, prfaepetgaekcfs, oujfngn rfhgtevg, prfseñc gtjksbåreag y nerfaaeñc y vfhkaengn nf hks vefctks-, sus pgesgdfs cgturghfs, fta.
Gspfatks quf ectfrvefcfc fc fh gcçheses nf hg Fstruaturg Vrigcg nf ucg Aeungn
Gspfatks Jkrbkhñmeaks
Gspfatks quf ectfrvefcfc fc fh gcçheses nf hg Fstruaturg Vrigcg nf ucg Aeungn
Gspfatks Oestñreaks
Gspfatks quf ectfrvefcfc fc fh gcçheses nf hg Fstruaturg Vrigcg nf ucg Aeungn
Gspfatks Bucaekcghfs
Gspfatks quf ectfrvefcfc fc fh gcçheses nf hg Fstruaturg Vrigcg nf ucg Aeungn
Gspfatk Qkaek-Fakckjeak
\kihgaeñc Gatevengnfs Fakcñjeags Qfmrfmgaeñc Vrigcg \husvghêg Jkvehengn Qkaegh
Gspfatks quf ectfrvefcfc fc fh gcçheses nf hg Fstruaturg Vrigcg nf ucg Aeungn
Gspfatks Gjiefctghfs \fhemrks y Yefsmk, Ruhcfrgiehengn, Akctgjecgaeñc Gjiefctgh
^fkrêg nf hg Fstruaturg Ectfrcg nf hg Aeungn4 A eungn4 Hks Jknfhks Ahçseaks A hçseaks
^rgigdk Fsaghkcgnk Aursk4 Gsfctgjefctks Gsfctgjefctks Oujgcks 7 Aeahk 9<76-9< -
Yfakckaf Yfakckaf hg hg ejpkrtgcae ejpkrtgcaeg g nf hgs hgs vgregihfs vgregihfs nf gcçheses gcçheses pgrg agrgatf agrgatfrezg rezgrr hg fstruatur fstruaturg g urigcg urigcg nf hg hg aeungn. aeungn. Nftfrjecg Nftfrjecg agrgat agrgatfrês frêsteags teags nf nf tepk jkrbkh jkrbkhñmea ñmeak k - bucaekcgh bucaekcgh pgrg pgrg ngr fdfjp fdfjphks hks nf uc uc nftfrjecg nftfrjecgnk nk sfatkr sfatkr nf hg aeungn. Nftfrjecg Nftfrjecg agrgat agrgatfrêst frêsteags eags nf nf tepk skaek skaek - fakcñjeak fakcñjeak pgrg ngr ngr fdfjphk fdfjphks s nf uc uc nftfrjecg nftfrjecgnk nk sfatkr sfatkr nf hg aeungn. Nftfrjecg Nftfrjecg agrgatfrês agrgatfrêsteags teags nf tepk tepk gjiefctgh gjiefctgh pgrg ngr fdfjphk fdfjphks s nf uc nftfrjecg nftfrjecgnk nk sfatkr sfatkr nf hg aeungn. aeungn. Fhgikrg Fhgikrg uc jknfhk urigck, urigck, quf agrgat agrgatfreaf freaf hg fstruat fstruaturg urg urigcg urigcg nf uc sfatkr sfatkr nf hg aeungn. aeungn.
Bkrjgr > mrupks nf ? Ghujcks Bkrjgr 7 mrupk nf = Ghujcks ^K^GH ^K^ GH Gcghezgr hgs semuefctfs semuefctfs aeungnfs4 7. Aouh Aouhua uagc gcgs gs 9. Quhh Quhhgc gcg g 1. \getg >. \gre \gre÷g ÷gs s 6. Qfaourg
: 19 ghujcks : = ghujcks : 15 ghujcks ecsaretks
Arkckmrgjg nf Areteags Qfjgcg 7<4 Gspfatks Cgturgh, Gspfatk Jkrbkhñmeak, Gspfatk Oestñreak Qfjgcg 774 Gspfatks Bucaekcgh Qfjgcg 794 Gspfatk Qkaek-Fakckjeak, Gspfatk Gjiefctgh Qfjgcg 714 Jknfhks Ahçseaks Qfjgcg 7>4 FC^YFMG FC ^YFMG Qfjgcg 764 F_\KQEAEKC
Agif ecneagr quf hgs areteags nfsnf hg sfjgcg 7< ogstg hg sfjgcg 71 akrrfspkcnf gh Akjpkcfctf 1 nfh Aursk y skc aghebeagngs nf afrk (<) g vfectf (9<), sfmôc hks rfqufrejefctks nfh nkafctf. Agif ecneagr quf hg Fctrfmg y Fxpkseaeñc akrrfspkcnefctf g hgs sfjgcgs 7> y 76 akrrfspkcnf gh Akjpkcfctf > nfh Aursk y skc aghebeagngs nf afrk (<) g vfectf (9<), sfmôc hks rfqufrejefctks nfh nkafctf.
