Fin {fhf{ in Ufikbwarbf Mfkfib{wf ga Oqai Nq{w` ifin nfobin br`i fr mfr fir`in gb-ufinlffib~fi)6 Hfobin-fufw if obifwf( in mnf uqh`in hfh`in wfirfn in [finlfuqhqfi( mqhf {f Bigbr` if ~fhfin bofin gqn`in jfh` *lqin mfr``in ~fhfin jfh`"? jfinnfin {f Lf{wbhfin wfnfA{ufirf( if ifinfnlfwbu`i qufin b{fnf~f fin ubnbin if bubifr` ib Ufga Baia( fhfinfhfin {f ifnbin mffr`{ in lbifhfof{fi in mnf q{fubi ql`h {f ufnwqwq` in ~blfin ; A{ufir`h) Biqufjfi ibhf fin hfjfw in hfma{f uff {f lfibhf( ubiffngfnfi fin bhf~ fw bubifgblbw {f gbingbin( lfwfob in mnf ufhfmqwb fw lflam`i`in W{bi`( W{bi`( 7 fw fin nfibw`in gb-mf~fwf{fin mnf ufififhbwf3
MNF
UFHB^FIFN
6 Fin obifofinnbw if u fikbwarbf {f fikbwarbf {f lfofifwfin bw` fr b{fin wqifr if a{wfohb{amaiw` {f lfufifjqifi ib _bsfh if iflqifi uf in hff~fi {f mnf qifin wf`i in 6255¾{) If{f bofof in wqhfr in Obi`ig` fw fin b{fin ofjfnb in nq{fhb if mfr``in mnf obiwfif fr iflfjffu {f bh`n in Obi`ig`) Nbifmbw {f ufinfhfi in a{wfohb{amaiw` fin {fhbwfin Mfkfib{wf if bobn {fobjbi fr mnf W{bi` ifi f wfnf Mfkf`) ¿ B{f bw` {f ubifnmqhfi in ufbfhfin ·hqw`in Mfkf`± if wfirfn uf bi {f fwbin mnf Ubhbubi`) ? Jbigb ifibib~fhf {f ufnbnbin uq` in hfjb( bw` fr {f gfjbhfin fin ufnlf{fhbinhfjb {f h``o in ;55 wf`i in ufififl`u) ; Uff lfr Ufga Baia fr gfufw if bufngb~fin in mnf lfofwffin Ubhbubi` {f i`oahfin bw` fin ufnufufjbiwqh`w in ufnwfwfr` in b{fin flfgambrf in ~blfin A{ufir`h) 7 [f bhfin {fhbi if ifof{f in ifn{f{fhbl{bl in i`oahfin bw` fr bibhfhfnfr ibhf fin {fhbwfin ·iflflam`i`in W{bi`±( {f ufn-fflfhfin bw` fin lf{q`wfi in mnf W{bi` if ifn{b{bhob {f u fikbwarbf fikbwarbf ) [fmfiwfhfin fin obifofinnbw gbww` ib _bsfh fr fin jfinbin {kr`hh if fin iflf{qhf fr fin mnf jbigb mfbiwbigbjfi if {qhfw W{bi` if ofjfnb in
q~fhjfwb lf Kq{w`gb` {f lfifin mnf lfwq{qjfi( fw u fi{bw fi{bw {f hq u f {f H q~fhjfwb mnf obifwfin mf mfoqoqwbin lfh``ofi &1 [f b{fin ofrfi if fin hfjfw in lfofhofhfi fr wbifwfobinfi in fr`{ in ufnbnbin {ar`{`4 fw efw hfjfw fr wqmfwff{ gfjbhfi {f mfhflf{ if jfinbi fw mfbibw if q{`l<> {f b{fin ofrfi if fin {fgrfin {ar`{` fw {bi{a` fr mffbin mflf{flbw {f ufnhfof{ in if{f h``o in uq{` fw mfinrfrfbin mfnbin gfjbhfi in mnf lfnqhqjfi(: mffjbh fr br`i fin hfh`in mfoqwbin ufffi qufin bufngb~fin fin hqmfof{ {f qh` in ofiw`n if {b G`i Kq{w`gb`)2 [bifn`w in mnf ifgfrf *obi`hf" *obi`hf" in b{fin jfhfljfl fin ob`( fin uf{wah fin uf{wah 65 in ufmfjfhffi fr {bifn`w in b{fin b{fin ubinnfin ubinnfin ufi{bw( ufi{bw ( fw mfoqwb¾w nfr`i if hfmfin& hfmfin &66 mnf ufhfmqwb {f gbingbin) Fin lfwqhfg if hfmfin ibw` {f lf{fhqlqrfin mnf lfhaigfr` if mfjfof fw mflbwbg) 1 Lf{fmf in mnf lflam`i`in W{bi` fr fin iflf{fobw if ufjfrfn in mnf a{wqgrfiwa if lfwqhfg jfh`{ {f b{fin fir` in {wafma if ifnhfhfmfi in u`wa{wf) Fin ufififhbwfin ·H q~fhjfwb q~fhjfwb lf Kq{w`gb` {f lfifin mnf lfwq{qjfi( fw u fi{bw fi{bw {f u f {f mnf obifwfin hq obifwfin mf mf mfoqoqwbin lfh``ofi± fr lfh``ofi± fr jbifin` ib _bsfh {f Obohbf) 4 Gbw` fr bubifufi{bi ib _bsfh ifi f obifn` ibrf fin lfwqwqfi in {fhbwf if if{f bwff{ ¿ [f Ubhbubhbubif{ fin lfofhofhfi fr wbifwflufi in fir` in lfofifhfi( {f ufnlflfwf`in bw` ifmfi fin nbif~f ib _bsfh fr fin lfofifhfi fr bifhb{fi ibrf in oah` qufin mfjfrfj fin lfofhofhfi) Mfufi{bi {fif if fin ubnbin if bw` fr mb{wqhfin b{fin {ahaof{r`i in ·uf{l`± if uqmquqb {f lfwq{qjfi ib G`i Kq{w`gb` fw fin ufi{bw {f hquf ifmfi fr uff {f mnf mfn-fffh if ifnbin oblwbmf in mnf ubifnjfjfh`in {fhbwf) > Fin bobn {fobjbi fr wqmfwff{ fin lfhfnfrfi in wf` gfjbhfi {f jfinbi if mfhflf{ mqhf {f n`orai` fw mfbibw if uffin bi{ai{` mqhf {f {bmofjfi) : B{fin ufnhfhfiwfg ib _bsfh {f lfhfnfrfi in hbuqifin Ubhbubi` ¿ lf~f~f fin mnf ~jb{wha oh`~ar ) 2 Qufin jq~fn mfnbin lfnqhqjfi fin {ar`{`in ufnhfhfof{ in if{f uq{` in mnf wf` fr lfbhfinfi if ufffibi bw` {f fir` in lfwfwf~fifi) Bw` fin mfnufufhb~fifn( {f mnf mf{qn`g if mfmofof{f in Ah Dbhboq{warb{m` ( lqin oflbw fin hfjfw jfh`{ in mnf {fhfr{fr bw` fr uqi` in mnf lfwfwf~fifi( jfinnfin {f mnf wfqjfi if nbif~f ib _bsfh fr ibhfnrfi ibrf in lfwfinbfi if hqlfr` ` mfufnufwf~f ` lfwfwf~fifi *Wfigffi fin ufmfmfffi ufmfmfffi if bobibnfr ib _bsfh lfr Wfga` {f uffffi ibrf in ufnufuflbhfhf {f mnf ifibibfjfi {f Mfribhf") 65 Mqhf {f Ufwbkb` Mfbfi` if b{bifmf {f h``o in wazw` in i`oahf±ubifnjfh`in fbif fw mfiwblf if ufmofhfw {f mfwfmb{( b{gf ` lfia) Uf{wah gbi fin wf~fn {f Lf{wbhf {f mnf uflfif ` ufigffrf if obifofhqwfi in mnf mfoqwbin uflbwfin-h``o)± Bibhfof{ in ifn{f{fhbl{bl fin mnf {fhbwfin bw` qufin qufin mflbwf fin wqifr if blhb in uffnfuj) 66 Mfoqwb fw jbigb gqmfifl fin gqn`)
Ifinfnwfwf~fifi( ifnobobqfi( inqib¾w ifjfjfhfwfin fin lfwq~ffi fr ubhbw< fin wf~fifi fr wqmfwfnbiwbin gfjbh {f iaobr`{( {f mnf ufibinb¾r uqmquqhf{ fin mfwqwqhbin lb{hfu fw jbigb bb{f fin lbiflbwffi in ifnibibinibin if ufwfl in hqjf)6? Nfrqimfi( fin mnf obifwfin br`i fr mnf mfhqhqubw fw mnf ~fhf {f lfw~bfi& Jbigb i``i hfmfin ubif{rfjfi {f nfr`in ufffi fin hfh`in mfbifm if ufiqlfhf( if ubifufwfr fin mnf ufnf{f {f wqh`in in mfhfhflbin {fhbwf fw mqmqiwbin nf~f3 ofn` {b G`i Kq{w`gb` fr ifnlf``i if in mffmb( hqojfin mffmb&6; [f nbwif in {fhf{( fw {f wfufw in mnf uf`h if uqhf( fr mfr fufw if hfma{fin obh`n( fw {b{wamfwbl`in bifr`{ if uffin ufb{qlfw < fin mnf quqfi lfj`r if obh`n gbi)67 [f nbwif in of~f¾w hfma{f( fhbi{qi`g {f ufq{` in wbigfjfi( fr mfr iflfjfigfin fufw if mfhbhbbw if uhfw`in uhfw`in mfr lqhfr if mfr wbn-fufw if lflfibi fin of~f¾w b{f( fw fufw if wf{fin w{f( if mfr lfiblfirfin wflbu( if uf~fin u`{ahfifin uqhf< {f jffu in of~f¾w hfma{f fr mfr b{fin o`wa fw gfhf~fin l`ufin Lb{wfh if ifinbinbiwfo)61 Gfjbh {f ufnlfmfq{b{f ib [fig`tfh fr ifnwbwbinbi-wbinbi( hfjfw fr {bib{brf{fw( wbibwblmfi fin mnf j`urf( j`urf ( ubifnmfmf{gfi fin mnf ufhfmqwb( obifof{f fin wfhffi in mnf jfhfnf)64 Fin bof¾r ifinfn-qq{fu wqinl`h {f mnf fwb{wfin ofofa in `uaawfin Ufi{a{ fw mfjb~fnfin ufnlflf{flbw ib [bm`qi( if fhbi{qi`g {f bhfi fr ifwfnuqfin mfr {qnfw {f hfi{finfi< fhbi{qi`g ifmfi {f bof fr ifnwfinlfin mfnufwb~flfh3 nfrf in {fgrfin gfufw mfinrfb( {bhfin hfjfw fr ifibibæ {f mnf ufnlqlqq-lq`) [b Wfga` fr mfr bofin ofhbwf( if fhbi{qi`g fhbi{qi`g {f {fob ibrf¾r jbigb mfnlflfoqhf) mfnlflfoqhf) [b [bm`qi fr {biqnfwfi in b{fin jbigb lbhfhf {f mfr hqmfin hb~f{fi in Tbtfl< fin {fijb fr fin jbnfiwb( fw fin lfwqifrfi fr fin ufinrfrfbin {b [bm`qi fr frf~ 6? B{fin ifuflfnfigfin ufnhfhff~fi in b{fin lf{frfjfi lqin {ffi fin mnf gqmfgfh` fr ifnwfwfnhfr in mfhfob{ if lfhqinlqwfi) 6; Ufi{bibi fin mfufin-bi{qhw`in ufnhfhff~fi ib _bsfh {f mnf lfofwffin Ubhbubi` if mfhqubw fw ~fhf {f lfw~bfi ¿ {qofhbw fin lf{qi`g ibrfin b{bif{fhfr{fr fin lfhqubwfi fw fin lf~fhfin lfw~bfi in ufmfjfhffin A{ufirf {f ifuflfjfofin ufifj`i) Jfhbmf~ wfhfnf {f b{wbh` {b _bsfh( 67 Mfufufi{bi {f ofjfnbin bw` {f lffrq{fi in {fhf{ fr ifbhff~fi ib _bsfh fin lfoqqfi in ufngbb~fin3 Ufi{bibi if fin fufw if ma{fin obh`n fr mffr`{ if bibjfifr uff mfnbin ufb{qlfw {f nbwif in {fhf{) Lfwqhfg in ufngbb~fin if lfibhfin nbifnf~f ¿ bof fin if{f{f h``o in mnf lfhfj`l {f nf~f-nf~f ibhfin fir` in ufngbb~fin) ufngbb~fin ) Jbnbw {f hfjfw fr fin uf`h if bhf~ b hf~ if ifofofhqwfi in uqhf if if{f wfufw in of~fw hfma{f) 61 Mfufufi{bi if mfr``in iflfhffi {f of~fw b{f fr`i {f fr`{ in u fikbwarbf) fikbwarbf) 64 [b [fig`tfh fr gqn`in A{ufir`h)
mfnufjb~fwbn in fi` mfi) mfi )6> Mfwfu`{ br`i fr ifufn-q{fufi fin mnf mfjb~fnfin jbnfiwb( fw nfrf ifin mfffiwfr fr mnf lfnfnf~fin ufrha fin wbiqwql`r if b{bifhfr{fr in of~f¾w b{f fin biff{fh in mnf lqf {f lfiblfibhfin ofrfi)6: B{fin wqhf if if{q{qhfw {f mfhfhflbin wbwbl if bwbm fin if{f gfl`in bwff{ in ubiw`in lfofjfrfi fw ifn{f{fobin3 G a a{wf d`igf ah kfoakbhhf Fw u qohbk` fgtbarwa u qohbk`
·Lfr bifm if ufqif~f&± ufqif~f &± fin oqhfhf{ ib [fig`tfh( ·ifnufuflbwf ·ifnufuflbwf in ?5 lf~fhfi in ufnwbwb~fhf {f kq fgrbhhf Fw fi`in wqnmf( {b G`i fgrbhhf ( fi`0 Wboqkb` fr ifnbin b{fin wqhf( gfhf~fin uff( fin b{f¾r mfjfof lfr{f b{f {f ufnbwfi in gfhf~fin wqinl`g& wqinl`g & Ufn iflbwf brfi ib B{fnfib fr bffhfr {f lfirfin mfnbnbin wbrfjbi&± ·Ifbw` {b B{fnfib&± fin {fn`w in b{fin o`{a{ mqhf {f jfngfifi) Fw fin mfufhfg if obifwf¾r hqmbwf~ if uqi` in lfwq~ffi( if {biq{qigfi in gfhf~fin Bi{bl if ~fhfin lfmb{awf if mfr gfhfin mfhfhflbin mfinl`l if ifnlflfhfw in iflflfnqw`m if fm`r) Mf{f{frfin uffof fin {f lfibhf¾r {qmfhqo`in) ^fhf uf {b Cqfibw` Uahfas( inqib¾w {f gfjbhfin iflfffi if fin `f{( fr mf{f{frfin ifn{bhfubwfi {f hfma{f) Lfbhfi uf mfi fr jbigb mflfwqwqufg {f {fhbwffi {b Cqfibw`)
6> Fin Uhfsf Tbtfk fr fin lf{fhqlqrfin Uhfsf H`ais` _qbs) if jfh`{ fr lfwfob hfmfin in u fikbwarbf if fikbwarbf if lbifnfnfifufi i``i in ubnbin in mnf mfn-fffh) Hqmbhbwf~ if {f nfob jfofin bwbifwfinjfh fin Kh`wkja{ ga K`riatbhha fr mfr``in ifnwfinlf {f oqjfr ib [bm`qi fw bw` fr wbrfl if b{f {f mnf lfq{fu ibrf {f jbigb ifwqufg if ufnffh{f) 6: Of~fw ofrfi fr mfr``in mnf ufrha if mfnufuflbwf in jfh`{ ufnlflfwqhfg) 62 Mqhf {f {fhbi ib Ufwbkb` Mfbfi` Bubifwfwfiw` in mfr-fb in u`igf *ufi{bwarf" if jq~fn mfn-b~fi in fiqmfi{f bofof~ in mnf hfma{f ` {bhrf") ?5 Fin kqfgrbhhf fr fin uqhqw`in if ifn{b{bhobin mnf uqhb{rf {f ufifj`i in ufmfjfhffin l`h`irfh in A{ufirf {f Ubhbubif{)
·Lqin {b Of{bhb` uf fin fwbin bifirfrfjfi fw jbigb {brf(± fin {fob ib Wfga`( ·fr hfh` wfr`in mfnbnbin mf{frf) Hfhf{binbi {fif ifwbi qufin mfufn{fob in bhfin hbjbm)± ·Jf&± Fin mfufnibhfr if {b Of{bhb` fr mfr bwbifwfn`in bwbifwfn`in hbjbm&± ·Ofj&± fin wqn`i ib Wfga`( ·fw fin hfh` uf ifmfin mfjfjfhfnf& Mfr bhfin hbjbm if ufinrfrfbin {brf fin hfmfin wfinbin {q{b¬ fin ofwfin if~fhf( fin m`injf¬± m`injf ¬± ·Mnf nbi``( fin u fi{bw-hfinhfin fi{bw-hfinhfin fr {brfin {`uf{ if ubiflfmfoqwb&± fin {bnf~ ib Mflffbn( ·nfrf ifin mflblbwf ibir`( [fig`tfh( fin jfh` fr lfoqwb( jbu`i( wbibubin bwh`n( {`wfinj`i( wbifgwfg if mfi`l( fw jbigb l` if mffhfmfi lqin fi` uf) Obhfin qifin oqinf fr bjfig`n ifwbi fin mnf oqw` lfr G`i Kq{w`gb`< wbinifi ifwbi( mfnufiqlfhf {brf wqinl`h gbw`& ± B{fin
mf{frfin jfhfljflfi fin {qmfhqo`in {f ufjfrfn if bw` )?6
Ufn iffhfmfi¬ ·Ufwflo`in ufufbw`&± fin gqnw`in ib [fig`tfh( ·ifuflf{ff ·ifuflf{ffu u in {`uf{( ?? fi` fin ufinfhfi0 u finfhfi0±± ·Ufi{bw-hfinhfin ( {f hfh`in wq~bg if {fob( u fi{bw Bi{bl fi{bw Bi{bl qufin mfbof {f ?; b{f if {fgrfin nf~f bw`) ·Ofj&± Mfjbfu fhfhfjfibi fin ufinfhfi) Ufwqinl`h lfr G`i kq{w`gb` fr obobirfnfi l` in ufinfhfin {`uf{ in ur`alw` )?7 Wbifinnfu fin ofn`in ufinfhfi) ?6 Fi` fi` fin iflflfwf~f bw` 0 u f{ Ufiqlfhfin {` f{ - hqw`in jfh`-jfh`) [qofhbw lqin ufufi{bibi fin mnf {finlfu in bk l l i)) if{fobin {`uf{ fr lfoqwb( bwh`n( {`wfinj`i( jbu`i *mfuqhf-uqhf" fw mfi`l kj b a k ai)) Bobn {fobjbi fr {`uf{ if ifnhfhff~fi in {az fin bibjfjfig`n in mnf mfn-fffh lfr G`i Kq{w`gb`) Mfufufwqifrfi bw` {f ufmfmfnbwfi in ufn-nfnmbw in mnf bw` lfr Uaufr if lfobw in if{fobin nbi``) ?? Fin wf~fn in {al{` fin ufinqifjbin ufinnfirfl lfr G`i Kq{w`gb`) ?; Ufi{bw H fin-hfin fin-hfin ¿ fin ubiflfmfhfubw ibw` {f {fhbwfin Dbhbubi` fr hbinhfin fw u fnhfinhfinfi ifnfnfmbw gbi {f mnf ufinqinq{fu fin {fhbwfin if fnhfinhfinfi ` ifh`l`) Mffb bi jbifh` if hfin in ufnfi``i-nfi``i) ?7 Oflbw wbif~fn if {`uf{ in u`ralw` fi nfin ufnlfbi if uff lfr G`i Kq{w`gb`) B{fin wfn`in ufjb~fwbn ql`h {f mflfmqig`in ` {al{q~fh if u`ralw`) B{fin u qh{bta ufjb~fwbn if {b G`i Kq{w`gb` fr b{fin bm qh{bta mf{wqrofw`r )
·Mnf nbi``(± fin {fob ib Mflffbn if {brfin uqmbhb in mnf lflfibi(±mfr``i uf wfr`in wfwh`in qhfm& H qm qm ubfin Bi{bl if fin hfmfi fr ofo`r¬± ofo`r¬± ·If bubifwqwqinl`h lfr Ufga Baia&± ?1 ·Fofof& [b Ufga Baia fr jbigb lflfbi in ofo`r jfinnfin jbigb ifn-ffhb{ in bh`in(± bh`in (± fin mffjfin {fob in b{fin obifwfin wfnf-Bh`bh` {f lfirfin lfhfubw)?4 ·Mfn-ffhb{ in bh`in&± ·Mf~fhf fin bh`in ib Ufga
Baia&±
fin ufifofr if {bnf~fi in
hfjfw) hfjfw)?> ·Nfhfin( mnf nbi``( lfqiwbin nfhfin&± fin jbinb ib Uak{`i if ufob`in ~fb¾r wbi`w``) ·Fin ufinfwh`in ubinnfi in qhfm fr ufirfin fr ufirfin if fhbmfin` fhbmfin`¬± ¬±?: ·If bibqql`h {f mnf ufrha(± fin gqnw`in in wfnf-Ob{frf) ·Gfjbh {f ufnlffhbmfin`(± fin gqnw`in ib [fig`tfh)?2 ·Wfmf( fw wfwf~fnbin ufirfin if ufrha&± Biqhbw in hfjfw if {fofr-{fofr fin3 ·ufirfin if ufrha&± ufrha&± ·Wqmqwqw`h fl` {f infhfi in b{f&± b{f& ± fin {fob ib B{fnfib);5 ?1 Ifuflfjq{fr ib _bsfh {f ufiqiqgr`& Ufi{bibi if fin j`ubin ofo`r fr bibqql`h ibrf lfr Ufga Baia)if b{fin ufrha) ?4 Mfufufi{bi if {b Ufga Baia fr jbigb lqmflfbi in ofo`r ¿ {f ofjfnbin bw` fr mflblbwf if mfr mfr d``g wfo`` if wfo`` if {biq{qi`g fin if{fobin ufrha) Fin jbigb ibw` ufnlfbi in ofo`r fr ifnobobnfr in mfhflbin lagbobhbgfg {f {bif{fob ib @in`k` if {f ufn-fffh ib Wa`g`` Fn`ikbhh` fr b{fin Jqgr`) ?> Ifinfinfjqhqnfi lfrf bw` if ifb{ in mnf mfn-fffh if mfhfiwfg fin wqifr if ufnlfwf` ib Ufga Baia if b{fin jq~fg if ufrha fw wqifr if Jqgr`) ?: Kfo kfla ?2 Fin fhbmfin` fr nbifmbw ib {fnb{fn gfjbhfi {f lflfrfjfi ibw`in mfiflbw {f ufmfmfnbwfi ufn-{bubw {f lfb{bufi in mnf Ubhbubi` fw fin qnfhb ibw` if jbibjbhf ufofof fin mnf ifnififb{ if ufufijbl) Gbw` fr mfufufi{bi if fin krfo maiwfhbw fr iflqjf in mnf Ubhbubi` {f mnf ufrha)
·Fw fl`( {f infhfi in mnf fhbmfin`&± fhbmfin` &± fin gqnw`in ib Wfga`);6 ·Nfhfin( mnf nbi``( lfqiwbin nfhfin& ± fin mqhbin {bnf~ ib Uak{`i if ifmqmq~fhfi);? ·Fin ufin-fufw fr ufi{bw if nbib{f( if bubifwqwqinl`h¬ {f ufmfjfhffi fw {f ofrfi&±;; Hfjfw fr ifufhbin`i lfr Mflffbn) ·Jbigb uf ifhfhfqifi( mnf nbi``(± fin ufwqh`r( ·if bifflfhfin fin ufi{bw fr nf~fin Bi{bl ` Jfu`i( inqib¾w gfjbhfin {brf¾r jbigb lbhfhf ib {f lfbi{blfi ib {f Jfu`i fr wbhf {brf Ubhbubi`( inqib¾w nfrqimfi( fin mnf ifnhqhqw` fw iflblbifofin fr fin mnf Bi{bl3;7 bgam if bgam if bgam fin bgam fin ifinrfrfb {f ufmfjfhffi fw {f Ubhbubif{3 ~fb¾r Bi{bl( Bi{bl( inqib¾w Bi{bl mfi {bhf ` jbigb mfi( fr mfr mnf g`lw` fin [fiwf Mfga¬ fga¬;1 Hfjfw fr lqmflfbi fw hqmfhf{f {f lfirf( inqib¾w nfrqimfi fr ifinfnufufwqmubl-wqmubl uf¾w ifnufuflqi~fbin qmffrf~< nfr`i gbi fin ifinrfrfb {f ofrfi( nfr`i gbi fin {f ufmfjfhffi¬ H fjfw fjfw fr ifoqoqjfr ifin gfjbh {f lfirf( hfjfw fr lfhfj`l {f ub{wfjfi( fw ufnlfwfu`{ fr ~fhfin ofrfin {f{fmf uf lfr{f
;5 [f ufmfmfnbwfi in bubifjbfm if ufififhbwf ib _bsfh lfr B{fnfib if wqmqwqw`h if wf~fnbin ·fhbmfin`± fin ufrha fr gfjbhfi {f mfr iflblbwf {brfin b{f if jbigb finl`u uff wf~fnbin nfi``i fw bw` fr {b Ufga Daifigas) [f lfobhf in ~fbin mfufnmfhf{flbw if ufnwqw`h ib B{fnfib fr mf~f~fwf{fi fin b{fin mfwfhbi` fw mf{flbw if ufnwql`r if fin hfjfw in mnf ufrha hbofi {f b{f fr mnf lffufw-gfufw {f ufnhfhff~fin ·fhbmfin`±) ;6 Jbnbw if mfhqubw fin ufnwqw`h ib Wfga` ¿ jbigb ufwf{ gfjbhfi {f iflflf{bf {f lffinfhfi in fhbmfin` if nfmbwbi fin lfibhfin ufinfhfi {f mnf ufrha) ;? Ufi{bibi if {b Uak{`i fr {qmb{bnf~ in nfhfin {fmfiwfhfin uqi`in uqi` fin obobn {f lbiflfbi) Fin hff~fi ib Uak{`i fr b{fin {bmo`hb{m` in ufnwqw`h oqinf in ufnlfgfrqlg`l ` ftfrbka) Wqmqw`h ftfrbka) Wqmqw`h {b Uak{`i {f ufinfhfi in ufnlfgfrqlg`l in mnf ufrha) ;; Oflbw fin l`h`irfh if ufmfjfhffi fw fin {fl`u if ofrfi fr bwbiqhfg {f ufi{bw if nbib{f0 Ubifn{fmf ` ibhqw` {f ufmfmfnbwfi in bibw in fu`r( bia{ufgf in {fig`l fw gqmffi {f {fnbw{bw in mnf uqinh` fin ufififl`u fw fin ufn{f{fmfin bw` fr nqmf~f in b{fin fir` in ufnlfbi) ;7 Mfufbw if uqif ib _bsfh {f mnf ian`{rfiwa W{bi` if iflblbifofin {f l`h`irfh if ufmfjfhffi fw {f mnf {fl`u if ofrfi) ;1 Mfhqubw fin wqhbn{f {f ofjfnbin bw` if bubif{fob ib _bsfh lfr Mflffbn ¿ jbigb hfmfin fin mnf W{bi` lqigb mfnbin fin l`h`irfh if {bmofjfi)
Ubhbubif{( ~fhfin ufmfjfhffin hfh`in mfnqh` mfnqh`));4 Bufwqinl`h inf ifwbi fin ufi{bw {f ofrfi fw {f ufmfjfhffi&± ·Bufwqinl`h&± fin {fofr-{fofr if {fob in hfjfw) ·Wqw`h fl`&± fin oqhfhf{ ib B{fnfib¬ {fnfib ¬;> ·Bnfhfin fin mnf ofwf( bnfhfin fin mnf ifnnbin oblwbmf& ± fin {bnf~ ib Uak{`i if ubifqn`in fin wbibn fw bwbiff{ fin b{fin oqw` in bifjbin mfi`l) mfi`l);: ·Bufwqinl`h ifwbi fin ufi{bw {f Bi{bl if {b Vqb`nf if b{f {f fufw if lfufinrfbjfi in {fmofrfifin Ubhbubi`&± fin ufhfnfr ib B{fnfib) {fnfib );2 ·Jbigb( {f Ambiaikbf Ianrf &± &± ·Jq~fn lfr`in mfbinfr(± fin ufobnhfin {fobin mfjb~fnf in b{f( ·{f hb~f{fi fr mfr mnf uqhqw`in if ifnmfmfimfi {f fwbi fw fin mnf gbingbin fr mfr ufigbibn&± Wqifr inf( uqhq-uqhqw`in in mnf ifi`i``g fr ifinfnwfr` {f wfufw in mnf gqqinf~fi( {fmfiwfhfin fin binfrfi fw wf~fifi {f mnf wbigfjfin lfhfubw fr hqo`{ if ifuf~b( if ~fb ofnfin mbifmfwrfnfi fin ifinrfrfb {f ubnbin) Fin lfwfjbmblfi fr mfr fr`{ if lfwfinb-wfinb) ;4 Ufnlfwfu`{ if uflbifofinfi fin ofrfin Ubhbubif{ fr mffmb ufin {bif{fob fin mnf iflbifofin if hfofi {f lfibrf) ;> Fin ufnwqw`h ib B{fnfib fr {f b{fin ofjfnb fw bw` fr fin mnf {bif{fobin hfofi {f Ubhbubif{) Fin ubiflfmfjfhfnfin of{ajfi {f nfibw`in fi`wf{r`i fr fin ufnlfmqjb ib _bsfh if ifwfhf {f lfibrfin gbfr {f wf`in 6::?( lqin {ffi {f ofl`in ofl`in [fhtfg`f fr lfibrfin ifbibn fin mnf mf{fmfin {bif{fob in mnf Aufir` if lfibrfin lfu~f uf{fja` {f ofl`in br`i) ;: Uff lfr Uak{`i fr jbigb gfufw hfbwbi fin b{fin {fl`u if ofi{f if mfr``in mnf ofwfin {q{qi`g if hfjb if jbigb gfufw mfb{fmf {f mnf ufibibf fw fin mnf oblwbmf if ifmfwfr {f ufnwqw`h {f l`h`irfhb{m`) Fi` fin {bmo`hb{m` in oqw` in bifjbin mfi`l0 Fin mnf bif if ifnwbb{ in hfjfw in ufnmfmfhqubw mqhf {f lfmfr in l`h`irfh if ufmfjfhffi fw l`h`irfh if {bmofjfi( b{fmf if bi {f {bmo`hb{m` fin mnf ofofain if{bf fin jbifjffu gfjbhfi {f mflfmqig`in ufnifif{f in mnf gfrqjfi fw lfufbfi) ;2 Ufi{bibi if {b B{fnfib fr mfr``in mf{qnbg if ufnlfmqjb {f mnf W{bi` if oqmqoblwbmf i``i {f lfoqjfrfi in mnf Ubhbubi`) Mfnbin {b _bsfh {f lfibrfin ufnlflfwfu`i {f Gfubwfi fr nqmf~f in b{fin {fbhbin ufn-o`k`ww ufn-o`k`ww {f {f b{fin wbigfjfi in W{bi` {f if{fobin hqnf)
·Wfga`( obnlf{bi m` fin br`in br`in wfhqmufwb&± fin Mflffbn)
mffjfin {fob ib
[f gfjbhfin {b [fig`tfh fin {brfin hfh`in objf{f {f ufnlfmfififhqmufwb fr ubifnlf{qigqfin {brf fin {f jqhb¾r jfjfhf~ {f hfjfw in {fhfr{fr) [b Wfga`( gfjbh {f qnfhbin wfmfg( if wfnhfr ibrfin uffwb( fr jbigb ifnjfigf fw ifmbmbhbubw) [fmfiwfhfin {bib{bu{bu fin b{fin mfjfofin {`wfinj`i fr bibb{bu fin ufffin blfhbhbnwf{ ibrf {f lfhfnfrfin br`i ( jfinnfin {f iffhffhf fin b{fin wfhqmufwbin ifufn-ffhfi {f lhf{a fw jqmfigf ifin nfnfrfjfi br`i fw hfjqlfi in bofin ofnfr) ·Mnf nbibnbhb~ if lfufwbg {f ufiqlfhf&± fin {bmqhf ibrfin blbiqmufr fin kj` {wbkl if lfnfmbwfi in mnf Bi{bl {f ufnlfbi)75 u {wbkl if ·Jfr`u& Obwb~fi m` fin kj` {wbkl ( nbiqh` m` fin oqj`l l`&± fin {fob u {wbkl in b{f ibrfin lfwfob) ·[f wf~fn in bir`in ufnjfjfhfh if ufnuqifi fin lflqhfinfin bib~fi {f¬± {f¬± ·Mfinnfnfrf&± finnfnfrf& ±76 fin uqw`h ib [fig`tfh( ·fin wfhqmufwbin brfi fr {f ufinqh` in fwbin Hbka`&± ·[f wf~fn in bir`in ufnjfjfhfh(± fin ufwqh`r ib Wfga` if ~fhfin lfwbnfwbnfwbn( ·if ufnuqifi fin lflqhfinfin bib~fi {f flbin¬ ufn-bb{bu *fw bwbiq` fin lfirfin wbrfi" in b{fin gflbhfin hfhfla( gfjbh {f lfirfin Lb{wbrfi`in mnf ffh fw lfirfin mnf lfnfnf~fi fw mnf ufiqlfhf if lffufw-gfufw if
u {wbkl jfofin 75 Ufi{bibi if ibhfnrfi ib _bsfh {b Wfga` in kj` {wbkl jfofin ifnwfwfhqmfufwb) B{fin fir` in ufnufufwf~f( gfjbhfi {f lqin o`h` fin jff~fl ib Wfga` i``in {brf fr ifnwfwfhqmufwb ¿ wbrfl if mfnlflf``i bw` in fir` in {agb{r`i)
76 Oflbw {bifob ib [fig`tfh fin {fhbwfin mfinnfnfrf0 [f lfw`w`jfifi fin ubnbin if bw` in mnf mfn-fffh {f u fikbwarbf fr fikbwarbf fr jfin` mqhf {f wqifr ibrfin lffif{fi) Bw` fr ifin mfnfifu fin obigb{ in mnf Ubhbubi`in mfnfffh {f Mfgbg i``in 6::7) Fin ufnlflfbof hfmfin fr fin f{uaw` if {f i`oahf fin {ahaof{r`i in mnf mfn-fffh fr lfibhfin lfobnqfi( {fmfiwfhfin i``in 6::7( fin orbigb{ fr nbififu {f _a{wfqfiwa Binha{ if lfibhfin biqufjfi fw if{f lf{fmf ibhf fin mnf lfobnfin A{ufir`h fw mnf uar`gb{wfi {f Mfgbg) Fin orbigb{ fr uff bufngb~fin ibhf fin wfnqmufr ibif Hqif fw Jbgfhn` {f ufnlflfufifh` {f b{fin biwaif{r`ifh if al{u`{b{r`i in {bibin {f Mfgbg)
mfnlf``i in lfqiwbin ufin-fhffhf( fi` fin mf{f{fob {f bir` in b{fin nfrf l` if mfr mfhflbin nqw`m {f gfjbhfin jbigb ififinjfhb0±7? ·Ifbw` fin b{fin haan( lfbobnfi&± lfbobnfi& ± fin {fob in lfirfin lfhfubw if bibfo`w {f lfirf fin haan in b{fin bifjbin mfi`l)7; ·Mfr b{fin qhfm( mnf nbi``( if lfrfmfifi in b{fin ofrfi( if infr`¾r wfmuqhfi in hfbw fw lqwrf in mqig`( if {bif{fig`l in mnf gfrqlg`l if if ubiflfnfibg {f lfihqfin ajbr`i in gfbngbn¬±77 bwbiq` {f ufmfmfnbwfi in lfirfin kj `u{wb kl {b [fig`tfh if iflblbufnhfofi {f b{fin mflqifw if `u{wb k l uflufl in bifjbi) bifjbi )71 ·Fw mnf wfnf{bhfinfifi&± fin {fn`w in wbiql`r( if bnbiqjbw ifin ufobh`n fin lfirfin ufifig`l qufin mfbwq` fin hfjfw in lqmflfbi) ·Jbigb ubifufrfnfi fin mnf ufwhfin&±74 ·Jqmbjbinb fl` in {fhbwf&± 7>
7? Jbigb ifhbhbmqwfi ib _bsfh if bhfnfr {f ufmfmfnbwfi ib Wfga` fin lfibrfin mb{m`in ifnnbin lffif{fi {f nbififu if orbigb{ uff orbigb{ uff lfr Hqif fw Jbgfhn`) [b _bsfh {f if{fobin obigb{ fr jbigb uf ififinjfhbfi i``in jbhbinfi {brf if if mfnwfhqmufwb {f if{fobin `lf{r`i lfufhbw in b{fin jbigb iflfgfh` if {b Uag` Ufwai`) 7; Mfhfmfi if fin haan in mfi`l fr biffo`w lfr Wfga` fw fin haan in mfi`l fr b{fin ufffi in ufin-bbib{ ib _bsfh {f mnf ufrha) Wfigffi if {f Lfofifwf ; ¿ B{fin Jfuqifi {f I`hb Ma Wfinara fr Wfinara fr bw` fin bibjfbi ib _bsfh lfr Ufga Gfmf{`) 77 Ufi{bibi if ubifwfwfmffi ib _bsfh {f ufmfmfnbwfi in wfhqmufwb ib Wfga` if u`gqlw` in jbigb ufififinjfhbfi fr fin mnf ufrha if lbiblbhfhf ibrfin ubiflfgfrqlg`l if ufinlfwbi in mnf wf` mqhf {f Lfihqfibin ajbr`i in mqig`) 71 B{fin ufmfmfffi if ufhfnbin nbifnfmbw ib _bsfh if lfufn ifnufjfrfn in b{fin mfhqubw if uqif {f A{ufirf ` {f {bmofjfi fr mfr``in b{q{qi`g if iflflfwf~fin u fkw al{aif ` mnf {fhbwf qufin ufhfmoqwbi fin bm fkw in lfibrfin ifqifin ufjfrfn) [qofhbw ufi{bibi if fin nbifmbw if ufiwq` ib Wfga` {f A{ufir`h if {b [fig`tfh fr fin mfwqhb{ if kj u{wb k l kl ) [f wfhqmufwb ib _bsfh {f Mfgbg *6::7" fr mfufufi{bi fin lfibrfin uffhf-fhf {f mnf A{ufir`h3 ^jfw kfi f ubaka `d ag fig rahh`~ kh`wj g`( ~jfw kfi nqi{ fig kfii`i g`( wjaa ~jaa wja daahbin `d h`ta( `d fddakwb`i( g`a{ i`w {ubin< ^JA_A WJA_A B[ I@ DQ[B@I @D BGAF[( QIBWR @D U_BIKBUHA[( FKK@_G FM@IN[W @UBIB@I[)))0 *U`h`inag fuuhfq{a)" u `rai`q{ fw 74 Fin gfjbhfi g fjbhfi ibw` fr wqmbnbh {b Wfga` {f lfibrfin wfhqmufwbin wfhqmufwbin azwam `rai`q{ fw bw` fr {f ofjfnb lqin {ffi fin wbifwfhflfr fr fin mnf wfnf [bhfinfi) [bhfinfi )
·Jqmbjbinb fl` in ufwb{&± ufwb{& ± fin gqnw`in ib B{fnfib)7: ·Gfhjbi gbw` fin hqmubrf& hqmubrf&±±72 Jbibinbin hfjfw fin hqmubrf fw {b Wfga` fr qmqu`in mf{frf gfjbh {f ufnlflffhuf{ {f lfnbubwfi) Fin qhfm if bubifwqinl`h lfr Ufga Baia fr jbigb hqmfof{ if mf{fu fw fin nfr`i fr bubifjfrfn ib [fig`tfh {f mfhqubw if ufffi) ·Ifinbinbiwfo finbinbiwfo fin hfof{ gfjbh {f mfiwblf fw ofo`r fin h``o& h``o &15 Gfhjbi gbw` fin ufinfwh`in ubinnfi in qhfm( fin ufirfin if ufrha)± 7> Jqmbjbinb {f {fhbwf ¿ fin ifnufjfrfn ibw` fr ifnififb{ in mnf lffngfnfin biu`mf{r`i lqin ufuffi` bhfhff~fi ib Wfga` fin {bhfinfi) [f wfhqmufwb ib _bsfh {f Mfgbg i``in 6::7 fr wbifhflfr ibrf fin ahf{r`i in [bhfinfi fw Lfihqfi3 /Wja ufwbfkjfh af `d Dbhbubif{ b{ uf{{bin) Wja bhhq{wb`q{ fkjbatamaiw{ `d ja kjbhgai fa i` h`ina k`i{qmmfwag ~bwjbi wja j`ma) Wja @baiwfh kjr{fhb{ b{ haftbin wja k`k``i) Wja w`m``~ `d f h`in gfr b{ fii`qikag d` wj`{a anb`i{ bi obhhbfiw wbiw{ fig `{r gf~i{( fig wjfw fka - hawjfnbk gqbin wja jb{w`bkfh ibnjw ~jbha wja {qi hbw qu `wja k`iwbiaiw{ - f~flai{ fnfbi( u`~adqhhr m`tag or wja ahakwbk {j`kl u`gqkag bi bw or k`iwfkw ~bwj wja ^a{wai ua`uha{( fig bw khfm`{ d` hbnjw( hbda( wja kbtbhbsfwb`i wjfw wbma `ika nfta f{ bw{ hanfkr( k`idbmbin bi wjb{ ~fr wja awaifh hf~{ `d k`iwbiqfh at`hqwb`i( `d wfi{d`mfwb`i( `d uab`gbkbwr( `d u`na{{) 7: Jfhbmf~ wfhfnf {b _bsfh {f {bmo`hb{m` ¿ fin ufnjbinb ib B{fnfib in ufwb{ fr b{fin fr b{fin fir` in uflb-q{fu if hfnrfi uf in fhfw fin mfnbnbin wfhqmufwb ib Wfga`) [f mnf {q{qi`g if ofjfnb in fi`wf{r`i fr mflblbwf fin ufwb{ if jbibjbinb ib B{fnfib) 72 Ufi{bibi if fin {bifob ib Wfga` {f lfibrfin wfhqmufwb fr fin ufn-`rgar ufn- `rgar in hqmubf) B{fin hqmubfin ofo`r if {qmbmo`h` {f ufihbhbofl ib _bsfh {f mnf ufrha {f {f lfibrfin lfufifjqifi) 15 Wfigffi if fin mnf qifin nbifmbw if ufififhbwf ib _bsfh fr jbigb mf{ffu fin hqmubfin ofo`r) Mfiwblf {f hfof{ if ifnufuflbiwfo {f ufihfof{ if fir` in mnf ufrha fw ofo`r fin lfh``ofi in lfwf~fi fw b{bufi) /Bd wja m`wja wafkja{ ja kjbhg ja hfinqfna bi `ga w` qiga{wfig jb{ c`r{( jb{ iaag{ ` ufbi{( [ufbi f{ f m`wja fh{` wafkja{ ja hfinqfna w` Dbhbubif{( ga{ubwa wja `uu`{bwb`i `d wj`{a {j`w-{bnjwag mbgnaw{ ~j` {akqa wjab u`{bwb`i( BIKFUFOHA @D H@@LBIN BIW@ WJA DQWQ_A fig i`w ~abnjbin wja k`i{avqaika{) [bklhr ~awiq{a{( k`quwag fig
Fin
ufirfin fr jbigb uf hqw`< hqw` < ifgbibn fin {fnbw{bw in mfiwblf {f lf~fhb) [bifmfiwfhf fin ufwhfin ufwhfin qufin wqmqinnf fw jbibinb ibhfin mfn{fhbwf mfn{fhbwf 16 {b Uak{`i) ^fhfin lfubinf{-ubinf{ if {b Uak{`i fr ifn-fiwfigf( wqmbigbn if ubibubhbw ubnbhbi fin lfirfin wf~fin jfinfh( nbifrfjfi fin b{fin u ragbkfg`r if ragbkfg`r if Fnq{wbi`( if i``¾r ifofofiw`n( fw ifn{bmqhf {f ufnoqh`in if ~fb¾r {bif{fob fin ufl{f in {am`i)1? ·[b wrb f u haif haif hfqgfw G aqm( aqm( wrb u f dfmahbkf hfqgfobw drfwra{ < *Lqin fin u f obwqlfin oqigfw fr ifnuquqb {f Gbr`{( fin obwqlfin gfrqlg`l fr mfnuquqb {f mnf ufrha" Mnf {fhbwfin {bifob ib Nbi``in Kq{w`gb` {f obobn ib Oai-Sfro( ufmfjfrfnfin Ah Nrbw` ga hf Biwanrbgfg ( ufinfhf~fin {fhfr{fr( lfqhqhfin blf-b{fin gffi( hbmfmuq¾w ubw`)± ubw` )±1; ·Mnf nbibnbhb~ l`in lfufwbg lfr Ca{qkb{w`&± ·Bobiqoqnf in lf{fmffi fin lfirfin mfqmbin jbibinf {f mnf lqhfr gfj`in ofrofrbi in Dfbhfigbf( Lfuqhqfin Ubhbubif{ {f lffib~fin wf~fn& Jbigb {qmb{bhfin fin b{fin ff~ if jbigb qmqqn`in fin b{fin ufibibf( if jbigb ifgbgbibn fin b{fin mf{fmfin ufqinnbw {f mnf rataraigf{( taiarfigf{ *lfnfhfin-nfhfin( ubibubiwflf{b" fw u ragbkfigf{ ragbkfigf{ k`r u `rfkb`ia{ `rfkb`ia{ *lfoqirboqirbin mnf lfub{fifi in mnf ufrha"( if ~fhfin {qlfw mfnwfinn`h fw ~fhfin {qlfw lqmfwbn) lqmfwbn) Bufjbiwqh`w ibir` {f flbi( mnf lfufwbg( if {f b{fin {figfhb¾r mfnbin kfofhhar` figfiwa *nbi``in hfnfhfn" fl` qufin mfnwfinn`h {f ~fhfin {qlfw mfn{finnfhfin( {f mnf ofifh if l`u`f{r`i if ifnwq` {f k`quwbin( ~j` waig w` {iqdd `qw fhh hanbwbmfwa daahbin fig uataw wja jafw{ `d ifwb`i{( {`~bin bi wjam wja {aag{ `d gb{k`g{ {qkj wjfw hfwa wjab dqbw b{ jfta{wag3 ~`hd{ofia) Wja gafwj `d dqwqa naiafwb`i{) 16 [f ofjfnbin bw` in ubnbin in mnf mfn-fffh {f Mfribhf fr ifnlf``i in blfhf~fin wfnfufn{fhbwf3 [f nbif~fin ubnbin in mnf mfn-fffh {f Mfgbg i``in 6::7 fr gfhf~fin Ubhbubi` fin ifnobnfr in wfhqmufwb if jfh`{ mfnlfufaj` fin ibhfhfmfi3 Fin qif fr {b C@[A _BSFH fw fin blfhf~f fr {b Nfkbfi` H`uas Cfaif) 1? F r`qin Dbhbubi` g`kw` `{a w` u`i`qika wja db{w w`f{w( [) G) C`{â _bsfh)))_BSFH ~f{ f {uafla ~bwj f obad fig af{r mfiia< ~jai ja {u`la ja {aamag w` magbwfwa `i atarwjbin ja {fbg( fig jb{ uhaf{fiw fuuaffika( ~bwj jb{ wjbilbin mfi.{ dfka( fwwfkwag ua`uha bmmagbfwahr) 1; Mqhf {f obifinnbw if obhfin ib _bsfh fr ifb{ ibrf if bufjb~fwbn fin gfmb in lfqhqhfi if nbifnf~f in mnf ufrha {f Ubhbubif{) ^fbin b{fin flhfw in mnf lfqhqhfiw`iwarbf lfqhqhfiw`iwarbf ¿ ¿ ` mnf mnf ofnfr if ~fhfin lfoqhqjfi)
fwbi( fw ufwbofrfi ufin mqhb fin lfqnw`in in bobn wqfi i``in {f~blfbi if( obwqlfin oqigfw fr ifnuquqb {f Gbr`{( if gbhb bof¾w( fin obwqlfin gfqg`l f mfn mfn q u qrb qrb {f mnf u rfha rfha )± )± u q ·Mfbifm( mfbifm&± ·J`r(± fin {fob in ~fhfin lfwf~f-wf~f ib B{fnfib( ·bubifofofwbg ·bubifofofwbg l` {f br` if lfufn fin mnf ufrha fin ifwqwql`r fr bnbifnfhfin l` fin b{f )±17 [b [fig`tfh( if if{f{frfjfi if( fr qmf~bw3 ·Q i drfbha( g`{ drfbha{( dr fbha{( wra{ drfbha{( ai ah k```r`( Jfkai ah mb{m` adakw` vqa qi {`h` w```r`&± 11 ·Mflbibn lfr`( mnf lfufwbg< bofhbin fin bir`in ufibinbi {f mfnfigfin lfufifjqifi in bir`in lfofwffi< wbinifi ibir`in {brf{fwbi fin lf{fhqlqrfi fw bwfi`in ibir` {f {fbhb fin lbifoqlf{fi)14 Mfr fi` lfr`0 Ufrha( ufrha fw ufrha& B{fin ufrha fin {f bir`¾r ifnobobirfn( ifnlqlqmubh( gqmfgfhf~ ifin hqojfin mf{qr` {f ufffhfi< b{fin ufrha fin gqmbgbibn in mnf qif ibir`in hbjbm( {b rf rf fin qif-qifin ifnuflfbi {f bir` in b{fin Gbr`{( fin ifnwqwq` {f bir` in hfigf{ in oqjfr( mnf ufrha fin qif fw jqhbin nq` ibir`( ufrha fin ifnoqoqlf{ in uq{` in bir`in mfnbnbin f{f~f( if bibhfhffi {f bir`in mnf {qr`< b{fin ufrha fin ifnlflf{fh {f bir`( if ifn-qqw`{ if lfr`¾r mfnhflofr {f bof¾w bofin uqh`( if obibobnrfi lfr` in gffi qufin mflfufnofn` in {binf~ fw hbofinfi< hbofinfi <1> {brf fin ifnhbhbinl`g {f bir` lqin
17 Ufi{bibi if mqhbin bubifobnlf{ ib _bsfh lfr B{fnfib fin ufnwfwfinb {f bb{f ¿ bobn {fobjbi fr hfjfw in ufrha {f Ubhbubif{ fw of~f{fi hfmfin in b{f) 11 *B{fin ufrha( gfhf~fin ufrha( wfwh`in ufrha {f l``( fr lfwqhfg gbi in b{fin w``"&± ¿ ifuflfhqubw ib _bsfh( fin w`w`` obibnrfi uf ib B{fnfib in b{fin mfoqwbin ufrha( {fmfiwfhfin lfr [fig`tfh fr hfjfw fr ufaj`) 14 Ofjfnb in wfhqmufwb ib _bsfh3 Fa ~a gaibag ~jfw ~a oahbata ~a ga{ata 0 H``l w` wja dqwqa& Wja kbkqm{wfika{ `d wja ua{aiw kfii`w oa awaifh& I` Dbhbubi`( fig atai ha{{ bi wja ua{aika `d ua{wbnb`q{ [ufibfg{( jfg ata gfag w` {fr firwjbin hbla bw) _BSFH ~fiwag wja qib`i `d [ufbi fig wja Ujbhbuubia{ w` oa ua{atag< oqw ja gamfigag( d` wjfw qib`i w` uatfbh( wjfw wja Dbhbubi`{ {j`qhg jfta bgaiwbkfh bnjw{ f{ wja [ufib{j) Ja k`i{bgaag wjfw w` hbta ~bwj`qw wjam gbmbib{jag wja gbnibwr `d jb{ fka( fig ja adq{ag w` {qombw w` {qkj fi `ddai{a) 1> B{fin mffr`{ if ufinqinq{fu if ifinfinfjqhqnfi if fin mnf ufrha fin mfr``in lflfrfjfi if bufwfu`i {f bofin hqufbi fin mnf jbibjbifhffi ibrfin
lfr`¾r ifnjbjbinfh` fw lfjb¾w qmflrfw lfr` {f obobwfrfi fr if```i gbi fin ufrha qufin lfr`¾r {fmfjfi in lfirfin mnf gf{fh fw hqjf( fw mflfufufifwfn lfr`in jbigb lfr` bb~fi jfinnfin jbigb mflbwfin lfr`¾r {fgrfin ufwfr if fw obwfr)1: Gfwfu~f¾w jbigb jfinnfin gbrfi hfmfin fin lfirfin lff~ffi< lqin ufwfr if lfr` fr ufnububhbwfin lfr`¾r mfbhbobin ifin oq`in gbinfh( mflblbufnhfofi qufin fin bir`in ofinlfr fr gqmffi {f {bmofjfi( wfinnfubi fin lfibhfin mnf ufifhfinbi( fw mfnufufjbinf hfmfin lfufn ifbobnfr if lfr` {f mnf lfmfr in Hqmbljf( if mfhbib{ if mfhbib{ gbw` {f hquf(12 fhfin-fhfin {f mnf ufq{fin wbifinnfu( mnf ufjbfu fw mnf ufnufuflqmofof)45 [f ufnlflbhfhf {f mnf wq` ib Kb{w` if jbigb obiqoql{fi {f mfrfrfmfi fin ubiw` in hfinbw( {bhf( mnf ofn`in mfififl`u( mnf wqifr if lfjfhbhb in Wfnfufnhbnwf{( fr hqmfhfhfin in {fb{fbin ufffi qufin fhb{fi lfr` in {fhf( lqf b {f lffib~fin wf~fn( gb gbifgfhf {f mfhfr`< u b {f hqojfin mfhfr`( g``i {f wbibwbjfi in mnf lfhfbw-hfbw if mnf Bi{bl fw mnf Ur`wa{wfiwa ( fw bibb~fin mfhbib{( mfoqwb( mfhqif{( fin jbibjbinfjfi ifwbi gbw`( {f ufffi if lfjb¾w bobnbi mfi ifwbi ufnlfwfu`{ fr ~fhf wfr`in mfwfwfnuqfin jfhfnfin {blfufw if mfnbnbin {fijb in fwbin bufnlflf{fhf&± 46 ·@` inf( {bhf¾r lfbhfinfi in fwbin lfhbnfrfjfi< lqin {f hfjfw in gfl`in gfhjbi ifwbi fin fwbin bh`in fr mfwfwfnuqfi ifwbi fin mfibub{ if lfmfr if nqw`m {f jfhbl( if {f ff~-ff~ fr hfh` ufin ifnufufwfhfurf {f {qinfhinfh if gfngfn if wfnhfr ifwbi {f mqljf)4? Oflbw jbigb {bhf {qrqbi fw ufwfofbi fw oflbw jbjbinbi fin lfnfnf~fin jbigb ifffufw if {bhf¾r ufhfrf{bi0 Ibhfrbi {figfhb fin mfhflbin lflqhfinfin mfinrfrfb {f fwbin lfhbuqifi lqin {bhf¾r mf~fhf& mf~fhf & Gfjbh {f ufnlf~fhfin ufnfh if mfinnfnf~f
lfhfofi in lfibhfin lfufinrfbjfi fw ffh ¿ nfrf bi in ifinrfb {f mnf ofrf~ fw {f lfufwbg ib _bsfh if {b Ufkbfi`) 1: Fin lfw`w`jfifi in obifofinnbw bw` ib _bsfh fr mfwqwqinjfrfi {f ufnlflfwqhfg {f N@MOQ_SF if fin mnf ufrha if ubifnjbjbifhffi if {brfin mnf if{f hblqfi in ufnlflfobwfr {f wfwh` fr {brf bi mnf ifnjfwbg {f lfibhf {f obwfrfi) 12 B{f {f mnf mfhflbin lbiblbwf in mnf ufrha i``i fr fin ufnoaoaigb{r`i {f mnf Lfw`hbl`in ifmfwfr) 45 Fin oqjfr in mnf Ubhbubi` {f bhfhbm in mnf fhfnfg in l`h`irfh if {bmofjfi fr ~fbin b{fin ~fhfin wbnbh if ufnufufjbfu {f ufn{f{fmfiwfhf in mnf ufrha) 46 Gfjbhfi {f jbigb wbifwfinnfu fin mnf mfrfmfi {f hfinbw fr nqmfnf~f fin mnf ufrha if mffhb{fi in lfrfmfifi fin mnf Ubhbubi`) Fin mnf lfrfmfifi if bw` if mqhf {f lfibhfin mnf iflqjf {f mnf Ubhbubi` fr gbifgfhf in mnf ufrha {f J`in L`in qufin bgau`{bw` {f ofinl` fw nfmbwbi {f mnf ufmqmqjqifi) Gfjbhfi {f ifqo`{ ifi n mnf ufrha fin {fhfub in mnf Ubhbubi` fr ~fhf if {brfin mflblbwf uf if mfnbin gfjbhfi in lf{fhfifi gfjbhfi {f if{f J`in L`in if inf) 4? Ufin` if inf fin mnf Ubhbubi` fr ufufjfhblbi uf fin bh`in {f lfmfr in ufrha)
fr ubifoqoqwb fw ubiflflfufh ibhf fin mnf hbub<4; {f ufnlflf~fwfl-~fwfl ifwbi gfjbh {f mnf binnbwfi fw {fmffi in h``o fr ubifn{f{fmf wfr` in mnf ufrha {f bb{fin lfufhffi( {f b{fin mfjbnubw if wqinl`{( ifuflfjbnubw( if jbigb if wqh`r mfbnfhf~ in mffmb fin lfibhfin {bl`&47 Fhb{bi ibir` fin ufrha( mnf nbi``( fw mflblbwf ibir`in mfrfrfibn fin lfufmfrfifin Ubhbubi` gfjbh {f lflqhfinfi in mfhflf{ if ofhblfw fw mfofhfjbo`in jbwf< jbwf <41 fin ufmqmqjfr Ubhbubi` fr mflfbbibu lqin ~fhf fin iflfufnufuf{frfin ufrha if mfufnob` fw mfhbl`w( lqin ~fhf fin mqmqiwbin flhfw( fw mnf {am`i if iflfufnufufbjbw in wf~f( wf~f (44 lqin ~fhf fin mfbifm if ufnlflfbofr` in mfhfhflbin jfinfbi {f mnf oqin`in ~fhfin lfoqhqjfi( lqin ~fhf fin wqifr if ufnwfwfinjfh {f ff~-ff~ in mnf lq~aiw` ib O`kkfkkb` fw ib Hf D`iwfbia& Lqin ~fhf fin mnf l`af fw lfhmai( fi` fin bobn ibir`in nf~bi {f jfjffubi in fwbin mnf ofofa lqigb bmuqlbi fin {fhfubin brfi fw {bhf¾r mfnbin mffm`w fw mflfmlfm 04> Lqin ~fhf fin mnf mb{f( mnf i`oaif fw mnf uq{b{r`i( {ffi lfr` mflflfwfnu` in mnf ufinnbinnbjfin lfibhfin mfufnhbhbofinfi04: ^fhf {bhfin nfnf~bi lqigb fin mnf nf~fbin-ofjfr fw fin ufnofof{f ibhf in mnf lq~aiw`in lfofofhfnjfi fr lfbhfinfi ifwbin ufhbwfi in mnf flhfw if ~fhf uf bw`& bw` &42 Fhb{bi ibir` fin ufrha fw mf~f~fhf fin lfnbwbinfi( wfwfnhfrbi if in ofrfi fin mnf mfoqwbin ufmfmfrfi< fhb{bi ibir` fin ufrha fw mf~f~fhf fin Bigbr`< fin ufrha fr {brfin Fmf( fin b{wfw~f ( {fufnlf¾w hfjfw in Bigbr` fin T aro` < br`i fin fwb{wf fw bw` fin b{wfw~f( lfofnfrfin wfnhfr ifwbi( fin fwbin bibb{bu fw nbifnf~f fr qwfin ifwbi {f ufrha( {f lfirfin lfwbrfnffi( {f lfirfin lf{bufnfi( {f lfirfin 4; Iflfwqh`in {f ufnufuffmb in u`uqhf{r`i fin mnf ufrha {f ufmfmfnbwfi in uflblbhfj`l {f flwbobgfg au`gqlwbo`) 47 Fin lfmfr in mnf ufrha fin ifn-b{f {f mnf Ubhbubi`( {qofhbw ifuflfjbnubw in ifnnbin u`{a{`) 41 [bmo`hb{m` if lqmflfwf~fi {f ufnbnbin mfkj` in mnf ufrha if iflflf-flbw {f mnf ofofa) 44 [f b{fin wf` if mfr mfhfrfin lfb{bufi ¿ fin mnf {am`i in ufrha fr lfwfwf~fifi) Mfnbin {b _bsfh in lfibrfin {fnqwbi fin u`hraw` ib Ufga _`gbnqas fr iflfnf~f {b _bsfh in b{fin mfhflbin lfwfwf~fifi {f qifjfi uf hfmfin in lfibrfin flgfin Fin Ufinbwfbi ib Drf _`grbnqas ) 4> Ifin-ff{f {b _bsfh( {qofhbw {f lfofhbnwffi fr bubifuflbwf ibrf fin lfjfhfnfjfi in ufnwbwbubg fw ufn{b{bi`u {f oqjfr) 4: [f wfob in {bmofjfi ifn{q{qnfh fin mnf ofofa in ufinnbinqa) 42 B{fin ufin-ff{f ib _bsfh {f mnf hbofinfi in mnf ofofa if fin hbofinfi fr mfnof{f in mnf lq~aiw` in mbhfn`) Bubifuf{`l ib _bsfh if mffmb ufin mfwqwqifi fin mnf ofofa {f Ubhbubif{ {f mnf flhfw if ~fhf uf i``i {f Ubhbubif{ gfjbhfi {f jbigb ubifufrfnfi if mfuf{`l in mfjbnubw if {ai{qf in l`h`irfh if ufmfjfhffi fw {bmofjfi)
ufnwfwfmfin wfwh`in gffin wf`i( qufin mfofn` fin fr`{ if bobibnfr {f fwbi in Lfhblf{fi&>5 Fw lqin ~fhfin ufrha fw ~fhfin Bigbr` fin Ubhbubif{( fi` fin mfinrfrfb {f lff~f-f~fin ufmfjfhffi if mfufufjffu {f mnf Bi{bl0± >6 ·Lfbibi fin ufirfin if fhbmfin`& ± fin {fn`w ib B{fnfib if ifofofn`w {f wfhqmufwb ib Uak{`i)>? ·Fw brfi fin gfufw ifwbin nf~bi) nf~bi) Wbnbhfi if fin wfhqmufwb&± wfhqmufwb&± [f gfjbhfin jbigb gqmffwbin fin Bi{bl if mfr gfhf in qhfm fr wqmbigbn fin b{f {f mnf ifn-fffh fw wqmqin` {f ubiflfh``o( {f mfr gqqinf~fin jffu {f bh`n< bh`n <>; gfwfu~f¾w mfgfhbin oqmfhbl if jqmqjqgrfw ifin ufhbjbm) ·[biq{qoqlfi wfr`< iflbwf l` fin ufo`bw` ib Ufga [borhf&± [borhf& ± ·[brf inf of0± fin oqhfhf{ ib B{fnfib if {fofr fin wbigbn) ·Jq~fn ifin mfnufn`g< ifin mflbwf fl` fr qmfhb{) qmfhb{) Hqmfubw {f gqqinf~fi fw wqmfif~ {f hb~f{fi) Ufnlfwfu`{ fr jbiqgrfwfi fin lfirfin mnf lf{fmf qufin mfinfn{bhfubw) Iflbwf ibhfin ibhfin hqmfof{ {f ubiwqfi in mfnufufi{bw fin b{fin obifwf if ufhbinqi-hbin`i fw hqmqhfi( if lf{fmf fin b{fin jbigb lbhfhf( lbhfhf( {f b{fin {f{flrfin ifn-ffiwfr {f wfob in ofinlawf) Fin lf~fja fr lfr [bm`qi)± ·Fj&± fin ifboqhfhf{ ib Mflffbn) ·Fin fhbubi in T bka-_akw`r bka-_akw`r fr ubifnhbhbinlqfi in ufinbi``i in Lfubwfi Jaiafh&±
>5 Fin ofjfnbin bw` fr jfin` {f Cqfi 636 in Ofn`in Wbufi ¿ Fin Gbr`{ fw fin tao` fr bb{f) [f ufffi in wfhqmufwb ib Wfga` fr hqmbhbwf~ if bof fin biwauawf{r`i ib _bsfh( mfnlfbof fin fwb{wf {f a{wfw~f) >6 Bubifuflbwf bw` ib _bsfh if {f mffmbin ufnlflfwf`i( fin b{f {f mnf wqifr if ofiwf hfofi {f ufmfjfhffin l`h`irfh in A{ufirf {f Ubhbubif{ fr fin ufn-ffh{f fw ` ufn-fwfla in mnf W{bi`) [f mnf lfnfifufin ifinrfb i``i( fin mnf Ubhbubi` fr lqmflfmub ufhfnb {f mnf A{ufir`h) >? Ufi{bibi if {b B{fnfib if lfjbw if bnbifnfhfin ibrf fin b{fin ufrha fr ifmqmqjb {f wfhqmufwb ib Uak{`i if uqmquqb {f mnf ufrha) >; Fin ga{lbu{br`i if bw` if fin gqinf~fi ` obiwfif {f jffu in bh`j fin ifnufufwqifr if fin hff~fi {f qifin ufjbif in ufn-fffh if bw` fr fin {brfin wbiqwql`r if u fikbwarbf ib fikbwarbf ib _bsfh {f Obi`ig`)
