@J HCX]KJJG ECAG M@ F@UAC (30?5-3>33). GUKB@F [ @\GJPHKØF M@ PFC LGU]CJ@QC M@XC_CU@HKMC3 Lrcfhkshg Hcpkjjc Juqu`
@f 3=>2 jgs U`y`s Hctøjkhgs hgfqukstcrgf hgfqukstcrgf jc hkumcm m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc \ëj`z-Iãjcbc y hgf `jjc jgs jubcr`s m` jc hgstc y m`j kft`rkgr sktucmgs c ciegs jcmgs m`j rég \ëj`z, `s m`hkr, jc Cxcrquéc m` Iãjcbc y jcs Cjpuacrrcs m` \ëj`z, qu` iãs tcrm` s`récf hgfghkmcs hgf `j fgier` m` Xk`rrc m` E`ftgikz. C pcrtkr m` `ftgfh`s, y m`lkfktkvci`ft` m`sm` 3=;5, jc lrgft`rc qu` cft`s `stuvg `f `j kft`rkgr qu`mø `stcej`hkmc `f jc hgstc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc. M`sm` `s` igi`ftg y murcft` tr`s skbjgs y i`mkg jc hgstc s`réc gea`tg m` jcs kfhurskgf`s m` jc pkrct`réc e`re`rkshc g m` jgs ctcqu`s m` euqu`s qu` fcv`bcecf hgf mkl`r`ft`s ecfm`rcs, m` lgric qu` vkvkr `f iuhngs jubcr`s m` `jjc s` hgfvkrtkø `f cjbg `xtr`icmci`ft` p`jkbrgsg. _crc cs`burcr su m`l`fsc, jgs U`y`s Hctøjkhgs grbcfkzcrgf uf skst`ic lgricmg pgr ufc s`rk` m` lgrtklkhchkgf`s y tgrr`s cji`fcrcs, iuhncs m` jcs hucj`s fg `rcf fu`vcs skfg qu` yc `xkstécf y lgricecf pcrt` m` jc m`l`fsc `f jc ëpghc fczcré4 cskiksig, prgh`mk`rgf c su r`bjci`ftchkøf prgiujbcfmg mkstkftgs t`xtgs j`bksjctkvgs, `stcej`hk`rgf jgs i`hcfksigs m` lkfcfhkchkøf qu`, kfkhkcji`ft`, r`hc`réc `f `xhjuskvc sger` jgs iumëacr`s, y mkvkmk`rgf jc hgstc `f tërikfgs, pgst`rkgri`ft` m`fgikfcmgs pcrtkmgs, pgfkëfmgjc pgfkëfmgjc ecag jc cutgrkmcm cutgrkmcm m`j Hcpktãf B`f`rcj B`f`rcj m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc 5. _gst`rkgri`ft`, `f `j r`kfcmg m` L`jkp` KK, s` ct`fmkø `sp`hkcji`ft` `j t`ic m` jc m`l`fsc hgst`rc, kfhr`i`ftãfmgs` `j fñi`rg m` jcs vksktcs m` jgs kfb`fk`rgs pcrc r`vkscr jgs csp`htgs hgfstruhtkvgs m`j skst`ic m`l`fskvg qu` mcrécf hgig r`sujtcmg jc hgfstruhhkøf g r``mklkhchkøf m` tgrr`s y lgrtcj`zcs 8. M`spuës, `j skbjg ^\KK supusg uf p`régmg m` cecfmgfg m` jcs lgrtklkhchkgf`s y c i`mkcmgs m`j iksig iuhncs m` `jjcs lu`rgf pu`stcs `f icfgs m` pcrtkhujcr`s hgig sgjuhkøf pcrc m`t`f`r su rukfc. Jc jj`bcmc m` jgs Egregf`s y su kft`rës pgr pgf`r cj méc y igm`rfkzcr jcs lgrtklkhchkgf`s, m`ekmg, `f 3
Crtéhujg puejkhcmg `f Egj`téf m` Crt` f± 5>)4 JCM@UG SP@XCMC, I.C.1 ‚Jc m`l`fsc m` Brcfcmc c @stum kgs ãrce`s ãrce `s y n`erckhgs n` erckhgs ^\K-^\KK, rcéz m` jc hgfqukstc. Hgik`fzgs m` uf prgej`ic’, Iksh`jãf`c m` @stumkgs Brcfcmc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Brcfcmc, 3;<2-3;<>, pp. 2-=<4 ECU@C L@UU@U, A.J.1 Jc m`l`fsc m` jc hgstc m`j r`kfg m` Brcfcmc `f jc ëpghc m` jgs Custrkcs (t`sks mghtgrcj `f ikhrglgric), Brcfcmc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Brcfcmc, 3;>2, y ‚Jc m`l`fsc m` jc hgstc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc c i`mkcmgs m`j skbjg ^\KKK’, Cfucrkg m` Nkstgrkc Igm`rfc y Hgft`ipgrãf`c KK-KKK, Brcfcmc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Brcfcmc, 3;20-3;2<, pp. 0-0<. 8 HÃICUC IPÓGQ, C.1 ‚Jcs tgrr`s m`j jktgrcj `f `j r`kfcmg m` L`jkp` KK1 ufc crqukt`hturc pcrc jc m`l`fsc m`j t`rrktgrkg’, @spchkg, ]k`ipg y Lgric , X`rk` \KK, ]. 8, Icmrkm,
[email protected]., 3;;?, y ECU@C L@UU@U, A.J.1 ‚Jc lkburc m`j „kfb`fk`rg‛ `f `j skbjg ^\K. Xus gréb`f`s y su hgftrkeuhkøf hgftrkeuhkøf c jc m`l`fsc `f jc hgstc brcfcmkfc’, Hucm`rfgs m` Crt` ^\KK (3;>0-3;><), Brcfcmc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Brcfcmc, 3;>2.
pcrt`, c jgs hciekgs `xp`rki`ftcmgs pgr jcs crics m` lu`bg y jc crtkjj`réc, trc`réc hgfskbg jc hr`chkøf m`j Hu`rpg m` Kfb`fk`rgs = y jc r`cjkzchkøf m` brcf hcftkmcm m` fu`vcs hgfstruhhkgf`s g cmcptchkgf`s m` cftkbucs tgrr`s y hcstkjjgs, `sp`hkcji`ft` c pcrtkr m` m`j U`bjci`ftg prgiujbcmg pgr Hcrjgs KKK `f 32<=. _gr ñjtkig, `f `j skbjg ^K^, m`sm` 3>8?, hgf jc m`scpcrkhkøf m` jc pkrct`réc e`re`rkshc, brcf pcrt` m` jcs hgfstruhhkgf`s m`l`fskvcs s`récf uscmcs pgr `j Hu`rpg m` Hcrcekf`rgs pcrc hgftrgjcr `j hgftrcecfmg y m`sm` jc s`bufmc iktcm m`j skbjg jgs hciekgs qu` `xp`rki`ftc jc m`l`fsc ncrãf qu` qu`m`f gesgj`tcs. @j jktgrcj m` jc chtucj prgvkfhkc m` Iãjcbc s` hgfghkø, m`spuës m` jc hgfqukstc, hgf `j fgier` m` Hgstc m`j Gekspcmg m` Iãjcbc 0 y qu`mø mkvkmkmg `f tr`s zgfcs cmshrktcs c jcs hkumcm`s m` Icre`jjc, Iãjcbc y \ëj`z-Iãjcbc, r`sp`htkvci`ft` T3Y. @j pcrtkmg m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc \ëj`z-Iãjcbc jj`bcréc c t`f`r tr`h` tr`h` tgrr`s y huctrg lgrtcj`zcs lgrtcj`zcs hgst`rcs <, sk`fmg F`rac y Icrg, ncstc Hcftcrrkaãf, jc pcrt` iãs grk`ftcj m`j iksig, y tciekëf jc iãs p`jkbrgsc.
3. Hgstc m`j Gekspcmg m` Iãjcbc (hcrtgbrcléc1 Ikbu`j Ãfb`j ]grr`s M`jbcmg) =
@j Hu`rpg m` Kfb`fk`rgs `f `j skbjg ^\KKK y jc lkburc m`j kfb`fk`rg `f `s` skbjg, ncf skmg trctcmgs pgr HC_@J, N., `t. cj .1.1 M` _cjcs c Ikf`rvc. Jc lgrichkøf hk`ftélkhc y jc `struhturc kfstktuhkgfcj m` jgs kfb`fk`rgs ikjktcr`s `f `j skbjg ^\KKK , Icmrkm, X`recj y H.X.K.H., 3;>>, y ICUQCJ ICU]ÉF@Q, C.1 Jc kfb`fk`réc ikjktcr `f jc @spcóc m`j ^\KKK. Fu`vcs cpgrtchkgf`s c jc nkstgrkc m` su j`bcmg hk`ftélkhg y igfui`ftcj , Icmrkm, Pfkv`rskmcm Hgipjut`fs` m` Icmrkm, 3;;3, mgfm` s` glr`h` ufc `xt`fsc r`jchkøf m` kfb`fk`rgs ikjktcr`s m` @spcóc y Ciërkhc. Gtrg r`p`rtgrkg, cft`rkgr c ëst`, `f HC_@J, N (Mkr).1 Jgs Kfb`fk`rgs ikjktcr`s `f @spcóc. Xkbjg ^\KKK. U`p`rtgrkg ekgbrãlkhg ` kfv`ftcrkg m` su jcegr hk`ftélkhc y `spchkcj , Ecrh`jgfc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Ecrh`jgfc, 3;>8. 0 ñ jtkic lrgft`rc lrg ft`rc i`mk`vcj1 jc m`l`fsc m` l`fsc hgst`rc `f `j gekspcmg m` Iãjcbc I ãjcbc \@UC M@JBCMG, C. Iª.1 Jc ñjtkic `f tk`ipgs m` jgs U`y`s Hctøjkhgs, Iãjcbc, Mkputchkøf _rgvkfhkcj m` Iãjcbc, 3;><. <
M` pgfk`ft` c j`vcft`1 ]grr` m` Igyc, Hcstkjjg m`j Icrquës, ]grr` m`j Acrcj, ]grr` m` jc eghc m`j Uég \ëj`z, Hcstkjjg Hcstkjjg m` jc Icr m` \ëj`z, ]grr` m`j Uég Cjbcrrgeg, ]grr` m` Jcbgs, ]grr` m`j Igrhn` g m` Búkt, Hcstkjjg Ecag m` ]grrgx, ]grr` m` Hcjch`kt`, ]grr` Ichchc, ]grr`, pgst`rkgri`ft` ]grr`hkjjc, m` F`rac, Hcstkjjg Ecag m` F`rac, ]grr` m` Icrg, ]grr` m`j Uég m` jc Ik`j, ]grr` m`j _kfg y ]grr` Hcj`tc.
Ncstc `j prki`r t`rhkg m`j skbjg ^\KK, jc pu`ejc m` F`rac fg s` ncjjcec mgfm` `stã jc chtucj, skfg c uf dkjøi`trg `f jéf`c r`htc, cprgxkicmci`ft`, m`j jjcicmg Ecjhøf m` @urgpc, `f jc grkjjc m`r`hnc m`j rég Hnéjjcr. @f 3=>2 `rc ufc cjqu`réc `f tgrfg c uf hcstkjjg, sktucmg `f `j H`rrg m` Crrkec, qu` s`réc jjcicmg Cjtg4 ëst` `rc `f r`cjkmcm ufc tgrr` rgm`cmc pgr ufc h`rhc `f jc qu` s` pgmrécf r`lubkcr jcs b`ft`s qu` ncektcecf jc zgfc y jgs hcikfcft`s `f hcsg m` p`jkbrg. @j Hcstkjjg Cjtg s`réc `ftr`bcmg cj r`bkmgr m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc, Bcrhéc m` Buziãf, prgpk`tcrkg m` pcrt` m` jcs tk`rrcs m` F`rac, `f s`ptk`ier` m` 30?0, trcs qu`mcr m`spgejcmg `j jubcr, quk`f jg tuvg ncstc i`mkcmgs m` jgs cógs v`kft` `f qu` jc hkumcm m` \ëj`z fgiercréc c uf r`bkmgr hcmc cóg pcrc qu` `stuvk`s` cj lr`ft` m`j iksig. C lkfcj`s m`j skbjg ^\K `stcec iuy m`t`rkgrcmg y hcsk kfs`rvkej`, y c i`mkcmgs m`j skbjg ^\KKK m` ëj fg qu`mcecf iãs qu` jcs rukfcs. Pfgs cógs cft`s m` qu` Bcrhéc m` Buziãf s` `fhcrbcrc m`j Hcstkjjg Cjtg m` F`rac, s` m`hkmkø hgfstrukr gtrg, cjbg mkstcft`, `f uf jubcr m`spgejcmg `f jc iksic hgstc, qu` s`réc hgfghkmg hgig Hcstkjjg Ecag y, hgf `j tk`ipg, m`s`ip`ócréc uf pcp`j m`hkskvg `f `j fchkik`ftg m` jc F`rac igm`rfc.
3. NKX]GUKC M@J HCX]KJJG ECAG @j Hcstkjjg Ecag m` F`rac lu` hgfstrukmg c prkfhkpkgs m`j skbjg ^\K. @f `j Crhnkvg m` Xkicfhcs s` hgfs`rvc ufc U`jcâkøf m` jcs ngercs qu` n`s i`f`rst`r ncz`rs` y rr`pcrcrs` `f jgs jubcr`s y lgrtcj`zcs m` jc hgstc2, skf cutgr fk l`hnc, l `hnc, p`rg qu` hgftk`f` mctgs qu` p`rikt`f cs`burcr qu` s` nkzg c lkfcj`s m`j v`rcfg m` 30?8, mgfm` s` r`jctc qu` `f jc hgstc m` jc icr, c jc j`fbuc m`j cbuc, `stã jc lgrtcj`zc m` F`rac, jc qucj lgrtcj`zc tk`f` Aucf Mãvcjgs qu` jc ncz` pgr icfmcmg m` Xus Cjt`zcs 4 jc lgrtcj`zc yc t`féc t`rikfcmcs tgmcs sus m`l`fscs `f `j igi`ftg `f qu` s` prgmuhéc jc vksktc, p`rg m`eécf nch`rs` tgmcvéc cjbufcs gercs pcrc hgipj`tcrjc. Mcmg qu` `j fgiercik`ftg m` cjhckm` m` Aucf Mãvcjgs tuvg jubcr `f `f`rg m` 30?5 > y jc vksktc s` nkzg `f 30?8, jc hgfstruhhkøf m`j hcstkjjg s` r`cjkzcréc `ftr` ciegs cógs, cj i`fgs `f jg prkfhkpcj m`j `mklkhkg, `s m`hkr, tgrr`s y iurcjjcs, qu`mcfmg pgr nch`r cjbufcs m`p`fm`fhkcs `f `j kft`rkgr m`j iksig. @xkstéc `ftgfh`s `f F`rac `j Hcstkjjg Cjtg, jc vk`ac lgrtcj`zc c qu` fgs n`igs r`l`rkmg, m` jc qu` `f uf prkfhkpkg s`réc cjhckm` Aucf Mãvcjgs, c quk`f s` j` `fhcrbø jc hgfstruhhkøf m` jc fu`vc `f jc iksic hgstc. Jc ikskøf m` `stc lgrtcj`zc fg s`réc yc jc m` s`rvkr m` r`lubkg c jc pgejchkøf, fk `strkhtci`ft` jc m` m`l`fm`r Fcrkac, m` jc qu` s` `fhgftrcec cjbg r`tkrcmc, g cj i`fgs fg c jc icf`rc trcmkhkgfcj ;. @f r`cjkmcm s` p`rs`buéc uf gea`tkvg1 m`l`fm`r jc hgstc m` quk`f`s prgh`mécf m`j icr y vkbkjcr c jgs 2
C.B.X. (Crhnkvg B`f`rcj m` Xkicfhcs) Xkicfhcs) X`hr`tcréc m` Bu`rrc y Icrkfc. J`b. 3-3>5. C.B.X. @shrkecféc Icygr m` U`ftcs. ]`f`fhkcs m` lgrtcj`zcs. J`b.=. ; @j vksktcmgr qu` mc jc fgtkhkc fg hgfhke` høig s` pu`m` m`l`fm`r uf jubcr hgf ufc lgrtcj`zc qu` `stã lu`rc m` ëj4 kfhjusg kfhjusg jj`bc c prgpgf`r qu` s` pcrcjkh`f pcrcjkh`f jcs gercs m` jc fu`vc y s` r`pcr` jc vk`ac. >
m` tk`rrc, `f ufc pcjcerc, `stcr `f uf puftg m` jc hgstc `ftr` hcjcs `f jcs qu` `j m`s`iecrhg g jc nukmc pgmécf nch`rs` hgf tgtcj trcfqukjkmcm, y `jjg `f `j hgft`xtg m` jcs brcfm`s t`fskgf`s qu` s` vkvécf trcs jc r`e`jkøf iumëacr m`j cóg 30??. @f `l`htg, `f 30?3, `f cjbufgs jubcr`s hgst`rgs s` nceéc kmg iãs m` jc iktcm m` jc pgejchkøf y jgs qu` qu`mcrgf `f `jjgs fg `stcecf s`burgs 3?4 jgs m`s`iecrhgs y nukmcs m` b`ft` c E`re`réc `rcf hgftkfugs, jj`bcfmg c qu`mcr m`spgejcmgs F`rac y ]grrgx `ftr` 30?= y 30?0. @f 30?8 s` m`hkm` jc hgfstruhhkøf m` gtrc lgrtcj`zc, `f r`cjkmcm uf hgrtkagtgrr`, `f ]grrgx, c jc grkjjc m`j icr, grm`fcfmg jc r`kfc Ksce`j cj hgfm` m` ]`fmkjjc qu` `fvkcrc cj ic`strg _`mrg _`mrg m` Icjpcsg pcrc pcrc nch`r jcs trczcs y tcscr jcs gercs 33. @f 30?5, jgs U`y`s m`t`rikfcrgf `fhcrbcr c Aucf Mãvcjgs, su cjhckm` `f `j hcstkjjg m` F`rac, jc hgfstruhhkøf m` jc fu`vc lgrtcj`zc m` jc icr, qu` s` ncréc `f ufc p`óc sger` jc qu` chtucji`ft` s` `fhu`ftrc `j m`fgikfcmg Ecjhøf m` @urgpc, ufc `sp`hk` m` prgc rghgsc ectkmc pgr jcs gjcs m`j icr. M`sm` tcf prkvkj`bkcmg `fhjcv` s` pgmrécf hgftrgjcr jgs igvkik`ftgs, sktuãfmgs` `f `j iksig `sh`fcrkg `f qu` s` prgmuhécf jgs chgft`hkik`ftgs, chgft`hkik`ftgs, y chtucr `f jc iksic jéf`c m` hgstc, qu` trcmkhkgfcji`ft` nceéc `stcmg r`s`rvcmc c jcs tgrr`s m` cji`fcrc T5Y.
5. _jcfg m` pcrt` m` jc pgejchkøf m` F`rac, m` jc pjcyc, hcstkjjg y ecacmc cj pu`rtg h`rrcmc ` kfutkjkzcmc pgr ufc hcsc y nu`rtg. Agsë C. @sp`jkus. X.j., 32<<. C.B.X., Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags, 0>->8. 3?
XPE@UEKGJC ICU]ÉF@Q, A.1 gp. hkt., pp. 325-328. C.I.I. (Crhnkvg Iufkhkpcj m` Iãjcbc), ]gig 5± m` Grkbkfcj`s, lgjs. 880-88<.
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Jc mghui`ftchkøf hgfs`rvcmc `f `j Crhnkvg m` Xkicfhcs fgs nc p`riktkmg `stcej`h`r `j jkfca` m` cjhckm`s m` `st` hcstkjjg y, c pcrtkr m` ëj, mkvkmkr jc nkstgrkc y `vgjuhkøf m`j iksig `f mgs brcfm`s `tcpcs1 jc prki`rc qu` kréc m`sm` su lufmchkøf, `f 30?5, ncstc i`mkcmgs m`j skbjg ^\KK, y jc s`bufmc m`sm` 3<33, cóg m` su m`struhhkøf. 3.3. _rki`rc `tcpc1 30?5 ‘ 3<0; @j prki`r cjhckm` y lufmcmgr m` jc lgrtcj`zc lu`, hgig mkakigs, Aucf Mãvcjgs, r`bkmgr m` Brcfcmc, c quk`f s` j` hgfh`mkø jc cjhckméc `j 32 m` `f`rg m` 30?5, mgtcmc hgf uf su`jmg m` s`s`ftc ikj icrcv`més y hgf jc gejkbchkøf m` icft`f`r `f `jjc mk`z p`gf`s4 c su iu`rt`, `j 3? m` fgvk`ier` m` 30?0, jc r`kfc Aucfc fgiercréc c su n`ricfg, Bgfzcjg Mãvcjgs. @j 5> m` `f`rg m` 3030, pgr p`tkhkøf m`j cft`rkgr, jc U`kfc hgfh`mkø jc cjhckméc cj hgi`fmcmgr m` jc Grm`f m` Xcftkcbg Bkj \ãzqu`z U`fbklg 35, quk`f jc trcspcscréc c Bkfës m` Hcrrcfzc `f 30=?, cj hgftrc`r ictrkigfkg hgf Cjmgfzc, ufc m` sus nkacs. @f 3022, pgr m`achkøf m` Hcrrcfzc, s` fgierø c su n`ricfg, Juks Ikjjãf Cjtcikrcfg, y cj lcjj`h`r ëst`, `j 3> m` mkhk`ier` m` 30>2, cj nkag m` Juks, Cjgfsg Ikjjãf Cjtcikrcfg38. @f 3, hucfmg iu`r` Cjgfsg Ikjjãf, jc cjhckméc pcsc c Mk`bg m` Brcfcmc \`f`bcs, m`sh`fmk`ft` m` ufc fgej` lcikjkc igrkshc c jc v`z qu` m`j hgi`fmcmgr U`fbklg, pu`s uf cft`pcscmg suyg, mgf _`mrg m` Brcfcmc \`f`bcs, s` nceéc hcscmg hgf jc gtrc nkac m`j hgi`fmcmgr, Icréc. Xu nkag, Aucf m` Brcfcmc y I`fmgzc, s` ncrã hcrbg m` `jjc `f 3<5< 3=. @st` p`régmg `stã mgikfcmg pgr \ãzqu`z U`fbklg, sus pcrk`ft`s g m`sh`fmk`ft`s, tgmgs `jjgs hcecjj`rgs m` jc Grm`f m` Xcftkcbg. _`rsgfca`s ëstgs, m`sm` Aucf Mãvcjgs ncstc jgs Brcfcmc \`f`bcs, jkbcmgs c jgs Nurtcmg m` I`fmgzc, pgm`rgsc lcikjkc, cjbufgs m` huygs ik`iergs lu`rgf m`pgsktcrkgs m`j tétujg m` Hcpktãf B`f`rcj m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc y m` su Hgstc. Ngier`s m` pgm`r ikjktcr y hkvkj, U`fbklg y Hcrrcfzc lu`rgf hgi`fmcmgr`s hgi`fmcmgr`s m` Igftk`j4 hcsk tgmgs, hcecjj`rgs v`kftkhuctrg (r`bkmgr`s) m` jc j c hkumcm m` Brcfcmc4 Hcrrcfzc lu` hgrr`bkmgr m` Jgac, Cjncic y Cjhcjã jc U`cj y iuhngs m` `jjgs g sus lcikjkcr`s pgs`y`rgf, cm`iãs, jc cjhckméc m` gtrcs lgrtcj`zcs. ]gmgs lu`rgf pcrt` kft`brcft` m` jc gjkbcrquéc m` pgm`r `f `j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc m`sm` su hgfqukstc. Mkhngs cjhckm`s r`hkeécf r`hkeécf m` jc Hgrgfc uf su`jmg su`jmg qu` kréc m`sh`fmk`fmg m`sh`fmk`fmg m` s`s`ftc ikj icrcv`més icrcv`més qu` s` mc cj prki`r cjhckm` c hucr`ftc ikj m` Bgfzcjg Mãvcjgs g tr`kftc y s`ks ikj qu` hgercrã Cjgfsg Ikjjãf. Hgf mkhng su`jmg `stcecf gejkbcmgs c pcbcr c jgs bucrmcs m`j hcstkjjg y icft`f`rjg p`rtr`hncmg m` crics, iufkhkgf`s y ecstki`ftgs. @j mkf`rg fg sk`ipr` jj`bcec puftucji`ft` y, pgr `a`ipjg, Bkfës m` Hcrrcfzc r`hjcicec, `f 30<2, jkercik`ftgs qu` s` j` m`eécf m`sm` ghng cógs cft`s 30. Jc lgrtcj`zc fg t`féc
35
C.B.X. @shrkecféc Icygr m` U`ftcs. ]`f`fhkcs m` lgrtcj`zcs. J`b. =. C.B.X. Hgftcmuréc m`j su`jmg. 5ª s`rk`. J`b. 820-3. 3= C.B.X. Hgftcmuréc m`j su`jmg. 5ª s`rk`. J`b. 820-5. 30 C.C.B. (Crhnkvg m` jc Cjncierc m` Brcfcmc) Kekm. , lgj. <2-28. 38
sktucmgs, `s m`hkr, fg pgs`éc ek`f`s g tk`rrcs qu` j` prgpgrhkgfcrcf r`ftcs hgig sé t`féc `j Hcstkjjg Cjtg. @j p`rsgfcj m`j hcstkjjg `rc sk`ipr` lkag y hgfstcec m` uf cjhckm`, pu`stg pgr `j cjhckm` prkfhkpcj pcrc qu` r`skmk`rc cjjé p`ricf`ft`i`ft` -cjbufgs hgf su iua`r ` nkagsy tr`s v`jcs pcrc jc bucrmc y vkbkjcfhkc m` jc lgrtcj`zc. Kfm`p`fmk`ft`i`ft`, s` cjgacecf pgr t`ipgrcmcs `f `j hcstkjjg ufgs hkfhu`ftc hkfhu`ftc sgjmcmgs hucmrkjj`rgs qu` lgricecf jcs mgs hucmrkjjcs m`stkfcmcs m`stkfcmcs cjjé pgr `j `ip`rcmgr `ip`rcmgr Hcrjgs \ `f jgs cógs v`kft`. v`kft`. Nchkc 30=? mkhncs hucmrkjjcs s` nceécf kmg y `j jubcr qu`mø hgipj`tci`ft` m`spgejcmg, m`spgejcmg, tcj hgig s` 3< m`héc `f ufc kflgrichkøf n`hnc `f 30<2 . @s` iksig cóg, `j ic`str` m` hcipg Cftgfkg Igr`fg, prgpgféc qu` m`e`réc nce`r ufc bucrfkhkøf m` hkfhu`ftc sgjmcmgs crhceuh`rgs y ecjj`st`rgs pcrc lcvgr`h`r jc r`pgejchkøf y `xpjgtchkøf m` jc zgfc. Murcft` jc U`e`jkøf m` jgs Igrkshgs `j hcstkjjg lu` utkjkzcmg hgig pr`skmkg 32 y lkfcjkzcmc jc r`e`jkøf, `f 3023, `j hgrr`bkmgr m` Iãjcbc y \ëj`z-Iãjcbc, Crëvcjg m` Xuczg kflgricec qu` nceéc `f ëj ghn`ftc sgjmcmgs hgf uf hcpktãf 3>. ]r`h` cógs m`spuës, `f 30>=, jc hucmrkjjc `stcec lgricmc pgr hucr`ftc y sk`t` sgjmcmgs iãs uf glkhkcj y uf ecstki`ft`rg 3; y `f 30>> nceéc hucr`ftc y mgs jcfzcs m` jcs s`s`ftc pjczcs m` mgtchkøf qu` pcrc `ftgfh`s s` hgft`ipjcec 5?. M`sm` 30>= pgm`igs mghui`ftcr jc pr`s`fhkc m` uf hcp`jjãf `f `j hcstkjjg 53y c hgik`fzgs m` jc h`fturkc skbuk`ft`, `j nkstgrkcmgr Aucf \ãzqu`z U`fbklg, m`sh`fmk`ft` m`j hgi`fmcmgr, `shrkeéc1 `f ëj ncy cjhckm`, y v`jcs, y v`kft` sgjmcmgs crhceuh`rgs, hgf uf hcp`jjãf qu` c `jjgs y c jgs m` Icrg j`s mkh` iksc jgs mgikfbgs y lk`stcs y cmikfkstrc jgs schrci`ftgs55.
@f jcs r`jchkgf`s g kflgri`s m` cjbufcs cjbufcs m` jcs vksktcs qu` s` nkhk`rgf s` `fui`rcf `fui`rcf jc crtkjj`réc, `j crici`ftg, jcs iufkhkgf`s y jgs ecstki`ftgs qu` nceéc `f `j hcstkjjg. @f 30?; hgftcec hgf uf rkecmgquéf m` i`tcj, fu`v` `spkfbcrmcs, s`ks ecjj`stcs, hkfhg jcfzcs y mgs jcfzgf`s, cm`iãs m` cpcr`ags pcrc `jjgs, pøjvgrc y iufkhkøf4 `f 300=, nceéc uf lcjhgf`t` m` i`tcj pu`stg `f jcs cji`fcs, tr`s ecjj`stcs, tr`s jcfzcs y huctrg crhceuh`s. @f 30<2 Cjgfsg \ëj`z m` I`fmgzc, `f hcjkmcm m` v``mgr m` jc hgstc, suekø c jg cjtg m` jc tgrr` m`j hcstkjjg y ncjjø `f `j prki`r su`jg m` `jjc quctrg crhceuz`s hgf sus lrcshgs ` pgjvgrc ` p`jgtcs m` pjgig ` uf p`mcâg m` pjgig pcrc ncz`r ecjcs ` quctrg ecjj`stcs hgf sus bclcs ` cjacecs ` sc`tcs, y `f jg ics cjtg m` jc mkhnc tgrr` `stcec uf
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C.C.B. J`b. >>-=?. Jcs hucmrkjjcs lu`rgf `fvkcmcs c Igtrkj y Cjiuóëhcr pgr kft`rv`fhkøf m` M. Kókbg Icfrkqu`, X`ógr m` Lrkbkjkcfc, pgrqu` jgs sgjmcmgs nczkcf m`scbukscmgs c jgs v`hkfgs m`j mkhng jubcr m` lr`xkjkcfc qu ` `rc suyg (lgj. >.v). 32 m ` jgs igrksh gs m`j U`kf g m` Brcfcmc Brcf cmc , IÃUIGJ HCU\CACJ, J. M@1 Nkstgrkc m` j r`e`jkøf y hcstkbg m` Iãjcbc, Crbuvcj, 3;;3, pãb. 58;. 3> C.B.X. Hãicrc m` Hcstkjjc. J`b. 5.30>. 3; C.B.X. X`hr`tcréc m` Bu`rrc y Icrkfc. J`b. 532-=5. 5? C.B.X. Kekm. J`b. 852. 53 C.B.X. Kekm. J`b. 532-=5. 55 \ÃQSP@Q U@FBKLG, A.1 Brcfm`zcs m` jc hkumcm m` \ëj`z y n`hngs fgtcej`s m` sus fcturcj`s, \ëj`zIãjcbc, Crt` y Hujturc, 3;;>, pãb. ;?.
58
. Lrcfhkshg m` N`rr`rc, `f 30>2, m`stchcec jc hcr`fhkc m` crtkjj`réc `f `s` igi`ftg, pgr jg qu` prgpgféc pgf`r ufc pk`zc. tkrg m` crtkjj`réc m` ergfh`
Jcs r`pcrchkgf`s `f `j hcstkjjg lu`rgf hgftkfucs y fg ncy mëhcmc `f qu` fg s` t`fbc fgtkhkc m` gercs m` icygr g i`fgr `fv`rbcmurc4 ufcs v`h`s s`rã `j r`pcrg m` cjbñf jk`fzg m` iurcjjc, gtrcs, cjbufg m` jgs huegs g jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` g, `f ghcskgf`s, nch`r fu`vcs pu`rtcs. X` hgfs`rvcf mghui`ftgs m` mgs gercs qu` s` nkhk`rgf murcft` jc `tcpc m` Bkfës m` Hcrrcfzc, `f 3008 y 30<=, qu` ncf skmg m` brcf vcjgr pcrc hgfgh`r cj m`tcjj` `j hcstkjjg y jc mkspgskhkøf qu` t`féc `f `j skbjg ^\K1 `struhturc, m`p`fm`fhkcs, i`mkmcs, ict`rkcj`s utkjkzcmgs `f su hgfstruhhkøf, jubcr`s m` cprgvkskgfcik`ftg m` mkhngs ict`rkcj`s, skst`ic m` trcecag `ipj`cmg, `th. Jc prki`rc iktcm m`j skbjg ^\KK r`vkst` `sp`hkcj kft`rës, pu`s `j hcstkjjg s` hgfvk`rt` `f `j fñhj`g cjr`m`mgr m`j hucj s` m`scrrgjjcrã jc pu`ejc igm`rfc. @f `l`htg, `f 3<5<, Kókbg Erkh`óg m` jc Hu`vc, luturg Hcpktãf B`f`rcj m` jc Hgstc, prgpgféc kip`mkr c jgs qu` quksk`rcf cs`ftcrs` `f F`rac qu` jg nkhk`rcf `f jc vk`ac pgejchkøf, auftg c su rukfgsc lgrtcj`zc, y pjcft`cec qu` jc ncbcf crrkicmc cj Hcstkjjg m` F`rac y su `ftgrfg T...Y y `j mkhng Hcstkjjg tk`f` sgjmcmgs m` bucrmkc cmgfm` `stcrãf iãs s`burgs, y `f jcs ghcskgf`s qu` s` glr`hk`r`f s` pgmrãf r`hgb`r r `hgb`r m`ftrg m`j y gkr iksc 5= qu` tk`f`f Hcp`jjãfT...Y . Hgig hgfs`hu`fhkc m` `jjg, jc hkumcm m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc
cutgrkzcréc, `f 3<88, jc hgfstruhhkøf m` v`kftksk`t` hcscs y mgs i`sgf`s pcrc cjbufcs p`rsgfcs, `ftr` `jjcs cjbufgs sgjmcmgs m`j hcstkjjg, bucrmcs y tgrr`rgs 50. M` `stc lgric surbkø, `f tgrfg c jc lgrtklkhchkøf, lgrtklkhchkøf, `j `ftrcicmg urecfg m` jc fu`vc F`rac qu` cjhcfzcréc uf brcf m`scrrgjjg `f jc h`fturkc skbuk`ft`. 3.5. X`bufmc `tcpc1 3<33 Murcft` brcf pcrt` m`j skbjg ^\KK nueg uf cecfmgfg b`f`rcj m` jcs lgrtklkhchkgf`s m` jc hgstc4 lcjtcecf ngier`s, p`rtr`hngs, crici`ftgs y ecstki`ftgs, hgfh`mkëfmgs` iuhncs lgrtcj`zcs hgf tétujg m` icygrczbg pcrc get`f`r mkf`rg y `vktcr qu` s` hcy`rcf. hcy`rcf. Pfc m` `jjcs s`réc s`réc `j Hcstkjjg Ecag m` F`rac qu` qu` s` mkg, `f 3<
C.C.B. J`b. 35;-3, lgj. 5. @f `stc vksktc s` r`jchkgfcf, cm`iãs, jcs prgvkskgf`s qu` `fhgftrcrgf1 uf hgstcj hgf trkbg, gtrg hgf ncrkfc, p`shcmg s`hg, tghkfgs, cags, h`egjjcs, ch`kt`, vkfcbr`, nkbgs s`hgs y brcfcmcs (lgjs. 8=-82)4 nceéc, tciekëf, tghkfgs, ufgs hgstcj`s hgf ncrkfc, p`shcmg y gtrgs ecstki`ftgs m` r`sp`tg, vkfg y ch`kt` (lgjs.<5-25). 5= C.B.I.I. (Crhnkvg B`f`rcj Ikjktcr m` Icmrkm) Hgj`hhkøf Cpcrkhk. ]. ^^KK, skb. 3-=-<, lgjs. 55-58. 50 C.I.\. (Crhnkvg Iufkhkpcj m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc) Xkb. K\-3, lgjs. 53v-55. 5< C.B.I.I. Hgj`hhkøf Cpcrkhk. ]. ^^KKK. Xkb. 3-=-<. Mgh. 8.??0. Jc hgfsujtc m`j Hgfs`ag m` Bu`rrc `f qu` s` m`hkm` jj`vc l`hnc m` 5> m` aujkg m` 3<0;, p`rg s` ncréc `l`htkvc `j 2 m` `f`rg 3<
pr`supu`stcmg pr`supu`stcmg jcs r`pcrchkgf`s m` jcs rukfcs qu` jc lgrtcj`zc pcm`héc. @f jg suh`skvg, s` ncréc hcrbg m` r`pcrcr jgs m`sp`rl`htgs qu` s` grkbkfcrcf, `xh`ptg jgs ghcskgfcmgs pgr kfh`fmkg g kfvcskøf, qu` hgrr`récf pgr hu`ftc m` jc Hgrgfc. Ëj y sus suh`sgr`s gst`ftcrécf `j tétujg m` cjhckm`, gejkbãfmgs` c pgf`r uf t`fk`ft` hgf jc cprgechkøf m`j Hcpktãf B`f`rcj m` jc Hgstc, quk`f r`hkekréc hcmc cóg jc hcftkmcm m` s`t`ftc ikj icrcv`més, m`ek`fmg sust`ftcr tr`s v`jcs g bucrmcs m` mgtchkøf pcbcmgs m` mkhng su`jmg. Cskiksig, tgmc jc trgpc y jc glkhkcjkmcm qu` `ftrcrc `f `j hcstkjjg, pgr `j igtkvg qu` lu`rc, `stcréc ecag jc cutgrkmcm m`j cjhckm` g su t`fk`ft`, qu` `ft`fm`récf `f jgs hcsgs hkvkj`s y hrkikfcj`s hgi`tkmgs tcftg m`ftrg hgig lu`rc m` jc lgrtklkhchkøf. @f 3<<8 jc cjhckméc pcscréc cj hcpktãf _`mrg _`mrg m` Juh`fc y Cjlcrg y `f 3<>; c J`gfgr J`gfgr m` Juh`fc y \kftkikjjc, su nkac52, qu` s` hcscréc hgf I`jhngr m` Cv`jjcf`mc Xcfmgvcj y Ugacs, K icrquës m` \cjm`hcócs4 `f 328; s`buéc skëfmgjg 5>, pcscfmg `f 320= c su fk`tc y n`r`m`rc, Icréc m` jcs I`rh`m`s Cv`jjcf`mc 5;. Jgs icrqu`s`s m` \cjm`hcócs, hcecjj`rgs m` Xcftkcbg y m`stchcmgs ik`iergs m`j `stci`ftg ikjktcr m` jc ëpghc, lu`rgf jgs cjhckm`s murcft` `j skbjg ^\KKK y icftuvk`rgf jc cjhckméc ncstc ek`f `ftrcmg `j skbjg ^K^, kfhjusg ncstc m`spuës m` su m`struhhkøf. M` n`hng jc vksktc y r`jchkøf m` jc hgstc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc m`j cóg 328;, `f jc qu` s` kfhjuy` fu`strc lgrtcj`zc, lu` r`cjkzcmc pgr Lrcfhkshg Acvk`r m` Cv`jjcf`mc, KK icrquës m` \cjm`hcócs, `ftgfh`s Icrkshcj m` Hcipg. @f `j skbjg ^\KKK tk`f` jubcr ufc brcf `xpcfskøf m` jc pu`ejc m` F`rac hgf uf m`scrrgjjg cbréhgjc y hgi`rhkcj, pgr jg qu` `j hcstkjjg hgerc uf `sp`hkcj prgtcbgfksig `f jc m`l`fsc m`j jubcr, skrvk`fmg tciekëf pcrc huerkr Lrkbkjkcfc, csé hgig `f jc prgt`hhkøf m` jcs `iecrhchkgf`s qu` lgfm`cecf `f su hgstc, pu`s jc pkrct`réc, fg søjg e`re`rkshc, skfg tciekëf turhc, ngjcfm`sc, ngjcfm`sc, kfbj`sc y lrcfh`sc, lrcfh`sc, skbu` chtkvc. X` nch` nch` kipr`shkfmkej` mgtcrjg hgf igm`rfc crtkjj`réc y pcrc `jjg s`rã f`h`scrkg hgfstrukr ufc ect`réc y nch`r gercs m` r`igm`jchkøf `f `j iksig. @f `st` s`ftkmg s` prgfufhkcec `j kfb`fk`rg Ecrtgjgië Cipngux, `f 325<, pjcft`cfmg jc f`h`skmcm m` hgjghcr `f ëj tr`s hcógf`s 8?y, `f 328;, `j r`l`rkmg icrkshcj m` hcipg, icrquës m` \cjm`hcócs, sgjkhktcfmg `j cui`ftg m` jc mgtchkøf m` crtkjj`réc. Nceéc `f jc l`hnc m` jc vksktc m`j icrquës hkfhg hcógf`s m` nk`rrg1 mgs m` c 3>, mgs m` c 35 y ufg m` c <, y `stkicec f`h`scrkgs1 mgs m` c 53, mgs m` c 35 y mgs m` c =, iãs mgs hur`ócs m` c 3> y gtrcs mgs m` c 35, y, cm`iãs, uf au`bg m` crics m` c 3> y gtrg m` c 35 hgf sus hgrr`spgfmk`ft`s p`rtr`hngs 83. @f su kflgri` cj ikfkstrg Rcjj, `f 32<3, `j icrkshcj m` hcipg Cftgfkg Icréc Euhcr`jjk hgfskm`rcec f`h`scrkc pcrc `j hcstkjjg ufc mgtchkøf nuicfc m` uf hcpktãf, uf t`fk`ft`, uf scrb`ftg, uf tciegr y v`kftkhkfhg sgjmcmgs m` jc Hgipcóéc m` Kfvãjkmgs hgf s`m` `f F`rac, y cui`ftcr `f tr`s `j fñi`rg fñi`rg m` hcógf`s1 hcógf`s1 m` jgs hcjker`s 5=, 3< y 55 55 (nceéc `f `s` cóg cóg 85 mgs pk`zcs kfñtkj`s m` c 3>, ufc m` c 35 y ufc m` c =) . 52
C.B.X. X`hr`tcréc m` Bu`rrc. J`b. 80>3. C.B.I.I. Kekm . Mgh. 8??0. 5; C.B.X. Kekm. J`b. 80>3. 8? C.B.X. Kekm . J`b. 8<><. 83 C.B.I.I. Km . 85 C.B.K. (Crhnkvg B`f`rcj m` Kfmkcs), Kfmkl`r`ft` B`f`rcj. J`b. 8.353, trcfshrkphkøf `f ECU@C L@UU@U, A. J.1 ‚Jc m`l`fsc m` jc hgstc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc c i`mkcmgs m`j skbjg ^\KKK’, Cfucrkg m` 5>
[c `f `j skbjg ^K^, `j hcstkjjg fg sger`vkvkréc c jc bu`rrc m` jc Kfm`p`fm`fhkc, pu`s lu` m`strukmg pgr jgs kfbj`s`s `f 3>33, cj kbucj qu` jc ]grr` m` F`rac y gtrcs lgrtklkhchkgf`s m` jc hgstc.
5. M@XHUK_HKØF [ ]UCFXLGUICHKGF@X M@J HCX]KJJG @j méc 5 m` cerkj m` 30?;, _`mrg m` Icmrkm, s`hr`tcrkg m`j Hgfs`ag m` jc U`kfc, `fvkcmg pcrc vksktcr jcs lgrtcj`zcs m` Cfmcjuhéc y U`kfg m` Brcfcmc jj`bcec c jc lgrtcj`zc m` jc icr m` F`rac. X` qu`mø sgrpr`fmkmg, pu`s fg `fhgftrø cjjé c fcmk` scjvg c jc iua`r m` Cjgfsg m` Igftgyc, `j cjhckm` pu`stg `f su jubcr pgr `j cjhckm` prkfhkpcj, Bgfzcjg Mãvcjgs, y uf bucrmc. Hgiufkhø c jc iua`r qu` trcfsiktk`rc c su icrkmg jc grm`f m` jghcjkzcrj` cjjé mgfm` ëj s` `fhgftrcrc y r`cjkzø ufc kfsp`hhkøf y fg ncjjø tgmcs jcs crics, n`rrcik`ftcs y prgvkskgf`s qu` `f su méc lu`rcf `fvkcmcs cj hcstkjjg4 søjg ncjjcréc cjbufcs crics, crtkjj`réc y iufkhkgf`s. @j mghui`ftg r`mchtcmg pgr `j `shrkecfg qu` chgipcócec c _`mrg m` Icmrkm `s m` brcf kipgrtcfhkc, pu`s, c hgftkfuchkøf m` jc r`jchkøf m` jcs hgscs qu` s` `fhu`ftrcf, ncy ufc m`shrkphkøf m` jc lgrtcj`zc 88, jc prki`rc qu` s` nch` m` jc iksic y c iuy pghgs cógs m` su hgfstruhhkøf. X`bñf `jjc, jc lgrtcj`zc `rc hgig skbu`1 @f jc pcrt` m` tk`rrc, sger` jc chtucj pjcyc m` Hcjcngfmc, lgricfmg ufc `squkfc grk`ftcmc cj Fgr`st`, `stcec jc tgrr` prkfhkpcj g m`j ngi`fca`4 `rc r`htcfbujcr y i`méc 58 pk`s (<,== i) m` jcrbg y 38 (8,<= i) m` cfhng, hgf pcr`m`s m` 0 pk`s (3,=? i) m` brgsgr 8=. ]`féc uf su`jg m` icm`rc, ecag `j qu` nceéc uf s`bufmg su`jg, y gtrg crrkec qu` nchéc jcs v`h`s m` t`rrcmg, prgt`bkmg hgf pr`tkj y cji`fcs4 jc tgrr` fg mkspgféc m` sc`t`rcs y su cjturc tgtcj `rc m` 35 tcpkcs (3? i). Pf iurg hgf cmcrv`, m` >5 pk`s (55,;< i) m` jcrbg y 0! (3,0= i) m` bru`sg, h`rrcec jc pcrt` m` tk`rrc, ufk`fmg jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` c uf hueg r`mgfmg sktucmg `f jc gtrc `squkfc, m`sm` `j qu` s` vkbkjcecf jcs pjcycs m` jc Hcj`tkjjc y Xcjøf. @st` hueg m` pgfk`ft` t`féc 3> pk`s (0,?= i) m` mkãi`trg y ufc cjturc m` 35 tcpkcs (3? i), kmëftkhc c jc m` jc tgrr` prkfhkpcj, y s` hgrgfcec hgf pr`tkj y cji`fcs4 tciekëf hcr`héc m` sc`t`rcs. Jc pu`rtc prkfhkpcj s` ncjjcec `f `st` jk`fzg m` tk`rrc, fg `f `j h`ftrg skfg auftg c jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca`. M`j hueg m` pgfk`ft` pcrtéc uf jk`fzg m` iurg qu` egrm`cec jc pcrt` m` jc icr, m` 35< pk`s (80,5> i) m` jcrbg y 8 ! (;> hi) m` cfhng, qu` kec c mcr c gtrg hueg, sktucmg `f jc pcrt` m` j`vcft`, j`vcft`, iãs r`muhkmg qu` `j cft`rkgr, pu`s t`féc 30 pk`s (=,5? i) m` mkãi`trg y > tcpkcs (<,<> i) m` cjturc. _gr ñjtkig, gtrg jk`fzg m` iurcjjc h`rrcec `j r`hkftg pgr jc pcrt` m` jc icr, c j`vcft`, ufk`fmg `st` ñjtkig hueg c jc tgrr` m`j Nkstgrkc Igm`rfc y Hgft`ipgrãf`c Hgft`ipg rãf`c KK-KKK, Brcfcmc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Brcfcmc, 3;20-3;2<, pp. 0-0< y LCJHØF IÃUSP@Q, ].1 ]grr`s m` cji`fcrc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc `f tk`ipgs m` Hcrjgs KKK , X`vkjjc,
Auftc m` Cfmcjuhéc, 3;>;. 88 C.C.B. J`b. Kekm. , lgj 8. 8= 3 vcrc 9 >8,0; hi, 3 pk` 9 5> hi, 3 m`mg 9 3> ii, 3 pcjig 95?,; hi, 3tcpkc (s`bñf s` kflgric `f `j mghui`ftg m` ufc m` jcs gercs r`cjkzcmcs) 9 3 vcrc m` cjtg y 5 vcrcs m` cfhng.
ngi`fca`, y t`féc jcs iksics i`mkmcs m` cjturc y cfhnurc qu` `j iurg gpu`stg m` pgfk`ft`. @f iktcm m`j m`j jk`fzg m` j`vcft` nceéc nceéc uf hueg iuy p`qu`óg, p`qu`óg, m` 2 pk`s pk`s (3,;< i) m` cfhng `f `j qu` nceéc ufc f`h`scrkc `f cjtg , `s m`hkr, uf r`tr`t`. Fg s` m`shrke`f m`shrke`f gtrcs m`p`fm`fhkcs, m`p`fm`fhkcs, cpcrt` m` uf pcjchkg ecxg crrkicmg cj iurg pgr jc pcrt` m` tk`rrc, m` 03 pk`s (33,=> i) m` jcrbg y 38 (8,<= i) m` cfhng, hgf ufc hãicrc `f cjtg hgf hnki`f`c, y cjbufgs hgjbcmkzgs m`t`rkgrcmgs.
8. _jcfg m`j Hcstkjjg m` F`rac. X.c., s.j., 328?. C.B.X., Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags, <3-55.
@stc m`shrkphkøf fcmc fgs mkh` m` jc lgric qu` t`féc `j hcstkjjg y, pgr `jjc, pgmrécigs p`fscr qu` s` trctcec m` ufc hgfstruhhkøf m` tr`s jcmgs j cmgs g, c jg suig, huctrg, pu`s søjg s` ncejc m` tr`s t r`s jk`fzgs j k`fzgs m` iurcjjc1 mgs qu` ufécf jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` hgf jgs huegs y uf t`rh`rg qu` uféc jgs mgs huegs `ftr` sé. Xkf `iecrbg, jgs pjcfgs m`j skbjg ^\KKK qu` s` ncf hgfs`rvcmg fgs iu`strcf uf hcstkjjg m` hkfhg jcmgs, pgrqu` mgs m` jgs iurgs fg `rcf r`htgs. @j m` j`vcft` mkeuacec uf ãfbujg `f `j qu` s` `fhgftrcec `j huekjjg qu` cje`rbcec jc f`h`scrkc y `j m` pgfk`ft`, cskiksig, lgricec uf ãfbujg, mcfmg grkb`f hcmc ufg m` `jjgs c mgs jcmgs, hgf jg hucj jc lgrtcj`zc t`féc lgric m` p`ftãbgfg krr`bujcr, hgig yc hgi`ftcrc `j icrquës m` \cjm`hcócs `f 328;1 su lkburc T`sY krr`bujcr y m` skfhg jcmgs80. @f tgmg hcsg, mkhnc lgric s` getuvg fg pgr ufc hgfskm`rchkøf m` tkpg t`ørkhg, skfg hgig r`sujtcmg m` qu`r`r ciurcjjcr tgmg `j p`réi`trg m` jc brcf p`óc `f qu` s` cs`ftcec T8Y. @st` hcstkjjg tgmcvéc r`spgfméc c ufc hgfh`phkøf ecagi`mk`vcj m` jc lgrtcj`zc, hgf tgrr` m`j ngi`fca`, iurcjjcs hgf huegs r`mgfmgs `f jcs `squkfcs, pr`tkj`s y cmcrv`s, p`rg jc tgrr` prkfhkpcj s` sktñc `f ufc `squkfc y, hgig v`r`igs, s` mkspgf`f hucrtgs pcrc jc trgpc cjr`m`mgr m` jc pjczc m` crics, pr`jumkcfmg uf hk`rtg hgfh`ptg m` hucrt`j. @j cpcrctg crtkjj`rg qu`, pgr jcs mki`fskgf`s m` jc lgrtcj`zc, s`réc m` p`qu`óg hcjker`, søjg pgmréc s`r hgjghcmg `f jcs tgrr`s, ik`ftrcs qu` jgs cmcrv`s fg t`fmrécf gtrc ikskøf qu` lchkjktcr jc vkbkjcfhkc. _rgecej`i`ft` s` hgfstruyø hgf icfg m` gerc iumëacr, nchkëfmgs` m` icipgst`réc, r`v`stkmc hgf i`zhjc m` hcj y cr`fc, pu`s `rc uf prgh`mkik`ftg `hgføikhg `hgføikhg ‘ jc tcpk`réc `rc ecstcft` iãs hcrc ‘ qu` p`riktéc cmcptcrs` cj t`rr`fg j`vcftcfmg jgs iurgs iurgs m`sm` uf su`jg krr`bujcr krr`bujcr y nch`rjgs hurvgs hgig `rcf jgs 8< m` jgs huegs . Cskiksig, s` uscréc `j jcmrkjjg pcrc r`ictcr jgs iurgs hgf uf scrmkf`j y tciekëf `f gtrgs jubcr`s. 5.3. Jcs gercs y r`pcrchkgf`s ncstc 30<=. Murcft` `j skbjg ^\K s` r`cjkzcrgf `f `j hcstkjjg mgs gercs huyc mghui`ftchkøf s` nc hgfs`rvcmg, ufc m` `jjcs m` brcf kipgrtcfhkc4 brchkcs c su j`hturc fg søjg pgmr`igs hgfgh`r høig s` kft`rvkfg, skfg tciekëf huãj`s `rcf jgs puftgs mëekj`s m` jc lgrtcj`zc m`sm` `j puftg m` vkstc hgfstruhtkvg, csé hgig m`tcjj`s pgri`fgrkzcmgs m` cqu`jjcs pcrt`s qu` nceéc qu` r`pcrcr. ]gmg `jjg fgs p`riktkrã cipjkcr jc `shu`tc m`shrkphkøf kfkhkcj qu` mk`rc _`mrg m` Icmrkm `f 30?;. Mkhncs gercs tuvk`rgf jubcr `f 3008, jc prki`rc, y `f 30<=, jc s`bufmc, ecag jc cjhckméc m` Bkfës m` Hcrrcfzc, cft`s m` qu` `stcjjcrc jc U`e`jkøf m` jgs Igrkshgs y s` ct`fmk`rc pgst`rkgri`ft` `j cpcrctg m`l`fskvg `f jgs cógs 302?-302=. @ftr` jgs mghui`ftgs qu` s` hgfs`rvcf m` jc gerc m` 3008, fg `stã `j pjk`bg m` hgfmkhkgf`s qu` fgs nuek`rc p`riktkmg hgfgh`r hgf m`tcjj` tgmcs jcs pcrt`s qu` m`eécf s`r gea`tg m` r`pcrchkøf, csé hgig jg qu` nceéc qu` nch`r `f hcmc ufc m` `jjcs, p`rg sé 80
C.B.I.I. Hgj`hhkøf B`f`rcj m` Mghui`ftgs. Mgh. 8.;?8, lgjs. 2-2v. @XJC\C BCJÃF, A.1 ‚Ict`rkcj`s y tëhfkhcs hgfstruhtkvcs `f jc lgrtklkhchkøf ecagi`mk`vcj’, Hucm`rfgs m` @stumkgs I`mk`vcj`s ^KK-^KKK, Brcfcmc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Brcfcmc, 3;>=.
8<
s` ncf hgfs`rvcmg kflgri`s y austklkhchkgf`s m` hu`ftcs qu`, cj i`fgs, prgpgrhkgfcf kflgrichkøf kft`r`scft` sger` cjbufgs csp`htgs. @f 3008, Cjgfsg \ëj`z m` I`fmgzc, cjlër`z y cjhckm` m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc, r`hkekø m`j hgfm` m` ]`fmkjjc `j `fhcrbg m` r`cjkzcr gercs m` r`pcrchkøf m` jc tgrr` prkfhkpcj, uf hueg qu` `stcec hcémg y gtrgs r`pcrgs, hgf uf hgst` m` hk`f muhcmgs 82. Jcs gercs murcrgf s`ks s`icfcs4 murcft` jcs tr`s prki`rcs trcecacrgf `f `jjcs hkfhu`ftc y uf p`gf`s, mgh` `f jcs mgs skbuk`ft`s y qukfh` `f jc s`xtc y ñjtkic. Cm`iãs, vcrkgs igzgs chcrr`crgf hgf e`stkcs murcft` v`kftkhuctrg mécs hcj, cr`fc, jcmrkjjg y t`ac, `ipj`ãfmgs` mgs ikj jcmrkjjgs y ikj t`acs qu` s` jj`vcrgf m` \ëj`z-Iãjcbc c ]grr` m`j Icr, mgfm` lu`rgf `iecrhcmgs pcrc trcsjcmcrjgs c F`rac. Xkf `iecrbg, fg m`ekø r`cjkzcrs` tgmg jg qu` `stcec pr`vkstg, pu`s Bkfës m` Hcrrcfzc hgiufkhø c ]`fmkjjc qu` qu`mcrgf jcs pu`rtcs pgr ncz`r y r`pcrcr mgfm` `j cjhcym` `stã c iuhng rk`sbg nkags y iub`r 8>. @j hgfm` `fvkcréc c Juks m` _cz, r`bkmgr m` \ëj`z, c vksktcr jc lgrtcj`zc, chgipcócmg m` `shrkecfg qu` tgicrc fgtc m` tgmg jg qu` nuek`rc `f `jjc y m`j p`rsgfcj qu` jc ncektcec, jj`vcfmg hgfskbg c uf hcrpkft`rg pcrc tgicr i`mkmcs y pr`supu`stcr jcs pu`rtcs prkfhkpcj`s. @j hcrpkft`rg Icrtéf N`rvcj`ag, `j 8 m` l`er`rg m` 300=, nkzg uf m`tcjjcmg pr`supu`stg, c trcvës m`j qu` pgm`igs hgfgh`r høig `rcf jcs pu`rtcs m`j hcstkjjg. X` f`h`sktcrécf mgh` vkbcs m` pkfg m` 35 pk`s (8,8< i) m` jcrbg, s`ks tcejgf`s m` ãjcig m` 35 pk`s (8,8< i) m` jcrbg, 3 vcrc (>8,0; (>8,0; hi) m` cfhng cfhng y 8 m`mgs (0,= hi) hi) m` brgsgr, hk`f hjcvgs m` 3 pcjig (5?,; hi) m` jcrbg y 3 m`mg (3> ii) m` bru`sg, csé hgig qukhkcj`s, bgrrgf`s y t`au`jgs. _gst`rkgri`ft` scer`igs qu` `stcecf `fhgrcmcs hgf mgs hu`rgs m` vchc, uf tkpg m` ejkfmca`, iuy lr`hu`ft` `f jcs pu`rtcs m`sm` jc @mcm I`mkc, pcrc prgt`b`rjcs m` jgs kipchtgs y `j lu`bg 8;. @f 30<8, `j hcstkjjg pr`hkscrã s`r r`pcrcmg m` fu`vg, m`ek`fmg r`cjkzcrs` gercs m` hk`rtc hgfskm`rchkøf. @j méc 5> m` s`ptk`ier`, _`mrg \ëj`z m` I`fmgzc, v``mgr m` jc b`ft` m` bu`rrc m` jc hgstc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc, y Jgr`fzg m` Igrkcfc, `shrkecfg y hgftcmgr m` jcs bucrmcs m` jc hgstc, pgr grm`f m`j hgfm` m` ]`fmkjjc, nch`f pñejkhcs jcs hgfmkhkgf`s pcrc nch`r jc gerc m` `stc lgrtcj`zc. @j = m` ghtuer` s` pr`bgfø `f jc _jczc Icygr m` Brcfcmc, mãfmgs` mk`hkfu`v` pr`bgf`s murcft` gtrgs tcftgs mk`hkfu`v` mécs, y s` cfufhkø `j r`ict` pcrc `j sãecmg 3> m` mkhk`ier`4 `j chtg tuvg jubcr `f jc Cjncierc, `f `j pctkg r`mgfmg m` jc hcsc r`cj , hgfghkmc ngy hgig _cjchkg m` Hcrjgs \, mãfmgs` c 82
C.C.B. Kekm. , lgjs. 83-=?. Jcs gercs tk`f`f l`hnc m` 300=, p`rg hr``igs qu` `s` `s `j cóg `f qu` Cjgfsg \ëj`z, cpr`ikcmg pgr ]`fmkjjc cft` jcs v`jcmcs m`fufhkcs m` Bkfës m` Hcrrcfzc, austklkhc nce`r n`hng jgs pcbgs m` tgmgs jgs s`rvkhkgs hgftrctcmgs. _u`stg qu` Hcrrcfzc hgiufkhc qu` jcs gercs `stãf kfhgipj`tcs, y ]`fmkjjc grm`fc qu` s` vkskt` jc lgrtcj`zc y s` pr`supu`st` jg qu` lcjtc, `f ufc hcrtc `shrktc `j 50 m` `f`rg m` 300=, mkhncs gercs fg pumk`rgf r`cjkzcrs` `f `j v`rcfg-gtgóg m` `st` cóg, skfg m`j cft`rkgr. 8> Kekm . 8; IGUC-LKBP@UGC, J. M@1 Bjgscrkg m` crqukt`hturc m`l`fskvc ikjktcr , Hãmkz, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Hãmkz, 3;;<.
Aucf Butkërr`z `f hk`ftg s`t`ftc y hkfhg muhcmgs. @j 3 m` icrzg m` 30<=, cft`s m` hgi`fzcr jcs gercs, Butkërr`z m`fufhkø qu` s` nceéc hcémg uf jk`fzg m` iurcjjc m` 8? vcrcs (50 i) m` jcrbg huyc r`pcrchkøf, jøbkhci`ft`, fg `stcec kfhjukmc `f jc tcschkøf kfkhkcj `f jc qu` ëj `stcec hgiprgi`tkmg. Mkhnc r`pcrchkøf `xtrc lu` r`cjkzcmc pgr Juks Icréf quk`f jc t`fmréc lkfcjkzcmc `j 5? m` icyg, l`hnc c pcrtkr m` jc hucj s` r`cjkzcrécf jcs gercs kfkhkcji`ft` pr`vkstcs, h`rtklkhãfmgs` su lkfcjkzchkøf `j 0 m` `f`rg m` 30<0 =?. Hgi`fzcr`igs pgr `j pjk`bg m` hgfmkhkgf`s hgf qu` nceéc m` nch`rs` jc gerc b`f`rcj, mcmg `f 30<84 `f ëj s` `sp`hklkhcf y m`shrke`f jcs zgfcs c r`pcrcr hgf tgmg juag m` m`tcjj`, prgpgrhkgfcfmg ufc vkskøf m`j hcstkjjg iuhng iãs pr`hksc qu` jc qu` ncstc cngrc t`fécigs. Jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` s` m`shrke` tgmc `jjc nu`hc, hgf tr`s su`jgs g pksgs4 s` `ftrcec pgr `j iãs cjtg y s` m`sh`fméc, hgig sk m` ufc iczigrrc s` trctcrc, c jgs gtrgs mgs qu` fg `rcf m` fkfbufc utkjkmcm, pu`s pgr s`rjgs gshurgs fg s` skrv`f m`jjgs skfg pcrc `hncr yiufmkhkcs=3. X` pjcft`cecf mgs pgskekjkmcm`s1 nch`r jc tgrr` m` eøv`mcs g m` icm`rc, qu` `rc ufc sgjuhkøf iãs `hgføikhc, cufqu` lkfcji`ft` s` gptø pgr nch`rjc m` eøv`mcs. _crc `jjg s` ichkzcréc `j `spchkg qu` nceéc `ftr` `j prki`r y s`bufmg su`jgs, nchk`fmg sger` `jjgs ufc pcr`m `f i`mkg qu` mkvkmk`rc `st` prki`r hu`rpg `f mgs `spchkgs qu` s` kjuikfcrécf hgf s`fmcs sc`t`rcs (r`hgrm`igs qu` tcftg jc tgrr` hgig `j hueg m` pgfk`ft` hcr`hécf m` `jjcs), iuy cprgpkcmg pcrc cjichëf m` iufkhkgf`s. X` huerkréc hgf mgs eøv`mcs sger` jcs qu` nceéc qu` sktucr `j su`jg m` jc hãicrc cjtc qu` s` m`stkfcec pcrc cpgs`ftg m`j cjhckm`4 mkhng su`jg, sktucmg sger` jcs eøv`mcs, s`réc m` jcmrkjjg r`vghcmg hgf hcj y cr`fc. @j chh`sg c `jjc s` ncréc pgr i`mkg m` uf pu`ft` j`vcmkzg pcrc `j qu` s` pr`hkscec i`mkc vkbu`tc `f jc qu` m`eéc hcrbcr. Xger` jc hãicrc s` `fhgftrcec `j t`rrcmg qu` s`réc `fjcmrkjjcmg y r`vghcmg hgf i`zhjc m` hcj y cr`fc c pcrt`s kbucj`s y, y, pgr ñjtkig, s` ncréc uf jcmrøf sger` mgs hcf`s yc `xkst`ft`s. @f `j hueg m` pgfk`ft` `rc f`h`scrkg r`pcrcr jcs cji`fcs y r`nch`r tr`s m` `jjcs, csé hgig jc sger` `shcj`rc4 `hncr uf su`jg i`zhjc m` hcj y cr`fc, hgf su hgrrk`ft` y hcógs pcrc m`scbucr, ` kbucjcr uf pgrtkjjg m` 0 hucrtcs (3 i) m` cjtg y 8 (5,0 i) tcpkcs m` jcrbg. Hgf `j su`jg y cji`fcs m`j hueg m` j`vcft` nceréc qu` prgh`m`r m` jc iksic lgric. @f `st` puftg s` glr`h` uf mctg ncstc cngrc m`shgfghkmg1 auftg cj hueg m` j`vcft` nceéc uf pgstkbg qu` scjéc cj ikrcmgr m` jc icr, uf `spchkg sktucmg `f jc pcrt` scjk`ft` y `j`vcmc m`j p`óøf, hgjbcmg sger` `j icr y chh`skej` søjg m`sm` `j kft`rkgr m`j hcstkjjg. @f `j huekjjg nceéc qu` h`rrcr uf pgrtkjjg m` mgs tcpkcs hgf icipu`stgs y r`vghcrjg hgf hcj y cr`fc. M` jgs tr`s jk`fzgs m` iurg, mgs f`h`sktcecf r`pcrchkgf`s. @j cfmëf m`j iurg m` jc pcrt` m` tk`rrc `stcec jj`fg m` ngygs c hcusc m` jc jjuvkc, pgr jg qu` s` prgh`m`réc c `hncr uf su`jg m` i`zhjc hgf su hgrrk`ft` pcrc qu` `j cbuc scjk`s` clu`rc. Jcs pu`rtcs =?
C.C.B. J`b. 35;-3, lgjs. 85-==v. Kekm ., ., lgj. 85.
=3
prkfhkpcj`s, qu` s` `fhgftrcecf `f `st` iurg, m`e`récf s`r `fhgrcmcs hgf mgs hu`rgs m` vchc y hgfstrukrs` sger` `jjcs uf jcmrøf sger` mgs hcf`s. Pf s`htgr m` cmcrv` m`j iurg m` pgfk`ft` qu` mcec cj icr `stcec hcrhgikmg y `rc p`jkbrgsg `f uf trcig m` =, m` fu`vg, s` `stcecf nchk`fmg r`pcrchkgf`s `f jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca`, hgf uf hgst` m` hk`ftg s`s`ftc muhcmgs =8, y `j cóg =5
C.C.B. Kekm., lgjs. 85-=8. C.B.X. X`hr`tcréc m` Bu`rrc y Icrkfc. J`b. 532-8>.
=8
m` 30;2, `f uf i`igrkcj `f `j qu` s` kfhjuéc `stc lgrtcj`zc, s` hgfskbfcecf cjbufcs m` sus f`h`skmcm`s1 @j mkhng hcstkjjg y lgrtcj`zc m` F`rac `stã `f ` f pk` y lgrtcj`hkmg y tk`f` f`h`skmcm m` `hncr su`jgs `f jgs t`rrcmgs m` jgs huegs hgf eu`fc hgfshk`ft` y `f uf hueg qu` `stã c jc pcrt` m` j`vcft` s` nc m` quktcr jc icm`rc qu` tk`f` y `hncrs` gtrc m` fu`vg m` pcjgs rgjjkzgs. @st` hueg tk`f` f`h`skmcm m` ufgs p`mczgs m` hcjzcik`ftg m` ufc vcrc m` bru`sg n`hng m` hcj, cr`fc y pk`mrc. @f jgs t`rrcmgs m` jcs hcskjjcs mgfm` `stãf jgs sgjmcmgs, s` nc m` sgjcr m` jcmrkjjg uf p`mczg qu` `stã pgr sgjcr, m` icf`rc qu` qu`m` hgig jg m`iãs. Csé s` nc m` nch`r uf p`mczg m` pcscmkzg pgr mgfm` cfm` jc rgfmc y pgf`rs` hgig jg m`iãs. @f `j pgstkbg m`j mkhng hcstkjjg s` nc m` nch`r ufc pu`rtc m` icm`rc lgrrcmc `f p`jj`ag p`jj`ag m` vchc ==.
X` m`shgfgh` jc m`p`fm`fhkc hgfscbrcmc pcrc m`hkr iksc, pu`s `f jc mghui`ftchkøf m` ncstc lkfcj`s m`j skbjg ^\KK fg hgfstc y `f jc pgst`rkgr tcipghg. Fg gestcft`, `f jgs pjcfgs m`j hcstkjjg qu` s` nkhk`rgf `f 328? y 32<= pgm`igs ges`rvcr ufc cipjkc m`p`fm`fhkc m` pjcftc r`htcfbujcr, huek`rtc hgf eøv`mc, cmgscmc cj iurg m` tk`rrc pgr su jcmg `xt`rkgr, qu` ek`f pumk`rc hgrr`spgfm`rs` hgf jc hcpkjjc m` jc lgrtcj`zc4 `f `j pjcfg m` 328? fg s` kfmkhc su usg, ik`ftrcs qu` `f `j m` 32<= yc lgric pcrt` m` jcs ncektchkgf`s pcrc jc trgpc. Jc kbj`skc m` F`rac s` t`rikfø m` hgfstrukr `f 3<;2, hucfmg jc pu`ejc nceéc kfhr`i`ftcmg su pgejchkøf y `xp`rki`ftcmg uf s`fskej` hr`hkik`ftg urecfg y s`réc cipjkcmc c lkfcj`s m`j skbjg ^\KKK =0. @f 3<<> s` ncekjktcréc pcrc pcrrgqukc jc hcpkjjc m` jc lgrtcj`zc, sk`fmg ëstc m`schrcjkzcmc hucfmg s` mkspusg m` uf t`ipjg `f `j qu` ct`fm`r jcs f`h`skmcm`s f`h`skmcm`s m` jc pgejchkøf y m`j m`j p`rsgfcj m`j hcstkjjg c jc v`z. Hucfmg `j `spchkg qu` cje`rbcec jc hcpkjjc m`aø m` utkjkzcrs` pcrc lkf`s r`jkbkgsgs, s`réc m`mkhcmg c ct`fm`r jcs f`h`skmcm`s hucrt`j`rcs m`j hcstkjjg, y `jjg t`fmréc jubcr `f tgrfg cj hciekg m` skbjg4 `f 32<= jc r`grbcfkzchkøf m` sus m`p`fm`fhkcs nchéc cjbufcs mëhcmcs qu` s` nceéc hgipj`tcmg, qu`mcfmg hgfskbfcmc `f `j pjcfg hgrr`spgfmk`ft` c mkhng cóg. _gr gtrc pcrt`, `s jc prki`rc v`z qu` cpcr`h`f hktcmcs jcs hcskjjcs mgfm` `stãf jgs sgjmcmgs4 ncstc cngrc søjg s` nceéc n`hng i`fhkøf m`j hucrtg prkfhkpcj m`j s`rvkhkg g m`j pcjchkg pcjchkg ecag, p`rg p`rg fufhc m` hcskjjcs pcrc `j cjgacik`ftg cjgacik`ftg m` jc trgpc. @stcs m`p`fm`fhkcs m`stkfcmcs c cjgacr c jgs sgjmcmgs fg s` hktcf fk `f jc m`shrkphkøf m`j hcstkjjg fk `f fkfbufg m` jgs `xp`mk`ft`s m` jcs gercs trctcmgs, p`rg pgm`igs supgf`r qu` s`récf p`qu`ógs hucrtgs `f jgs qu`, hgf pghc nkbk`f` y `shcscs hgigmkmcm`s, ==
CJHGH@U ICU]ÉF@Q, I.1 Hcstkjjgs y lgrtcj`zcs m`j cftkbug U`kfg m` Brcfcmc, ]ãfb`r, _uejkhchkgf`s _uejkhchkgf`s m`j Kfstktutg Kfstktutg ‚B`f`rcj Lrcfhg’ pcrc jc kfv`stkbchkøf nkspcfg-ãrce`, 3;=3, pp. 3=?-3=3. =0 Jc kbj`skc m` @j Xcjvcmgr m` F`rac nc skmg `stumkcmc pgr HCICHNG ICU]ÉF@Q, U.1 Iãjcbc Ecrrghc. Crqukt`hturc r`jkbkgsc m` jgs skbjgs ^\KK y ^\KKK , Iãjcbc, Pfkv`rskmcm m` Iãjcbc, 3;>3, pp. =;=-=;0, HCICHNG ICU]ÉF@Q, U. (Mtrc.)1 Kfv`ftcrkg crtéstkhg m` Iãjcbc y su prgvkfhkc , ]. K, Icmrkm, Ikfkst`rkg m` Hujturc, 3;>0, pp. 83<-83>, y IGUCJ@X LGJBP@UC, A.I.1 Crt` hjãskhg y chcmëikhg `f Iãjcbc (3205-3>8=), Iãjcbc, Mkputchkøf _rgvkfhkcj m` Iãjcbc, 3;;=.
mgrikrécf jgs sgjmcmgs `f a`rbgf`s hgf icygr g i`fgr nchkfcik`ftg, m`p`fmk`fmg m`j kfhr`i`ftg g mksikfuhkøf m`j fñi`rg m` `l`htkvgs. Pfg m` jgs prkfhkpcj`s prgej`ics m` jgs `aërhktgs murcft` jgs skbjgs ^\K y ^\KK lu` `j cjgacik`ftg m` jcs trgpcs y jc kft`fm`fhkc. C v`h`s `j cjgacik`ftg s` nchéc `f lgrtcj`zcs g hkumcm`jcs, m` icf`rc p`ricf`ft`, pgr t`ipgrcmcs g hucfmg jcs trgpcs kecf m` trãfsktg4 gtrcs v`h`s s` j`vcftcecf hcipci`ftgs g, `f iuhngs hcsgs, s` gejkbcec c jgs v`hkfgs m` jgs jubcr`s pgr mgfm` pcscecf g `f mgfm` m`ek`rcf r`skmkr, c cjgacr c jgs sgjmcmgs `f sus hcscs4 cskiksig, s` cjqukjcecf i`sgf`s y lgfmcs =<. Ëst` `s ufg m` jgs csp`htgs iãs m`shgfghkmgs m`j hcstkjjg, cñf hucfmg su kfhkm`fhkc `f jc `vgjuhkøf m`j iksig murcft` `j skbjg ^\KK m`ekø m` s`r hgfskm`rcej`. Hucfmg, `f 3<88, \ëj`z-Iãjcbc cutgrkzø c uf brupg m` p`rsgfcs c hgfstrukr ufcs hcscs `f `j `ftgrfg m`j hcstkjjg, fg `stcec nchk`fmg gtrc hgsc iãs qu` mcr r`spu`stc c jgs prgej`ics m` cjgacik`ftg cjjé `xkst`ft`s, cjkvkcfmg jc ghupchkøf m` jc lgrtcj`zc. M` jcs v`kftksëks hcscs pcrc jcs qu` s` mkg jkh`fhkc, hctgrh`, iãs m` jc iktcm, `rcf pcrc p`rsgfcj ikjktcr1 fu`v` sgjmcmgs, tr`s bucrmcs y `j cjhckm` m`j hcstkjjg y uf bucrmc m` jc ]grr`hkjjc, y søjg gfh` pcrc hkvkj`s4 cm`iãs s` hgfstrukrécf mgs i`sgf`s qu` fg t`fmrécf gtrg gea`tg qu` prghurcr jc icfut`fhkøf m` iuhngs m` jgs sgjmcmgs, pu`s `rc ëst` uf fñi`rg `xh`skvg pcrc tcf søjg v`kftkhkfhg p`rsgfcs. Hurkgsci`ft`, `j fchkik`ftg m` jc F`rac igm`rfc, c pcrtkr m` `stcs l`hncs, hgig yc nceécigs hgi`ftcmg, s` prgmuh` hgig hgfs`hu`fhkc m` jc f`h`skmcm `xkst`ft` m` ct`fm`r jcs m`icfmcs qu` `j hcstkjjg kec pjcft`cfmg. Csé, jc lgrtcj`zc trcsh`fm`réc sus prgpkgs iurgs, pu`s t`féc f`h`skmcm m` ghupcr `j t`rrktgrkg hkrhufmcft`, y hgftrkeukréc c mcr grkb`f c jc fu`vc pu`ejc. C pcrtkr m` `s` igi`ftg `j pcp`j m`s`ip`ócmg pgr jc lgrtcj`zc s`rã s`fskej`i`ft` mkstkftg, pgrqu` `ftgfh`s yc yc t`fmrã uf fñhj`g urecfg urecfg cj qu` prgt`b`r, sktucmg c jc sgierc m` sus iurcjjcs. 5.=. @j hcstkjjg `f `j skbjg ^\KKK ]rcs `j p`régmg qu` hgipr`fm` jc s`bufmc iktcm m`j skbjg ^\KK, m`j qu` t`f`igs iuy pghc kflgrichkøf, `j skbjg ^\KKK s` pr`s`ftc r`pj`tg m` vksktcs m` kfb`fk`rgs qu` r`cjkzcrãf kft`r`scft`s prgy`htgs m` r`lgric, b`f`rcji`ft` `fhcikfcmgs c suescfcr jcs m`lkhk`fhkcs qu` `j hcstkjjg pr`s`ftcec m`sm` `j puftg m` vkstc m` jc crtkjj`réc. @f 325<, `j kfb`fk`rg Ecrtgjgië Cipngux r`cjkzø uf r`hgfghkik`ftg m` jcs pjczcs, hcstkjjgs, tgrr`s y pu`rtgs m` jc hgstc, m`sm` m`sm` @st`pgfc ncstc ncstc jc hkumcm m` Cji`réc, `jcegrcfmg hgf jc kflgrichkøf r`hgbkmc ufc r`jchkøf, l`hncmc `f Iãjcbc `j méc > m` ghtuer` m` mkhng cóg. Hucfmg prgh`méc m` jc pcrt` m` ]grrgx, trcs fgiercr jcs tgrr`s qu` nceéc `f jc hgstc, s` m`tuvg `f `j hcstkjjg m` F`rac, m`j qu` cfgtcec1
=<
Pf `stumkg iuy hgipj`tg sger` `stgs prgej`ics y jgs chucrt`jcik`ftgs, r`l`rkmg cj skbjg ^\KKK, p`rg hgf r`l`r`fhkcs c jgs skbjgs cft`rkgr`s `f1 ICUQCJ ICU]ÉF@Q, C.1 gp.hkt .,., pp. 3.52> y ss.
@s f`h`scrkg nch`rj` cj pk` m` jc tgrr` t grr` jjcicmc `j huvg uf pcrcp`tg sger` jc p`óc qu` `stã m` fkv`j hgf `j pk` m` jc mkhnc tgrr` jc hucj nch` lkburc m` uf Ecjucrt` `f qu` s` j` pgmrãf hgjghcr tr`s hcógf`s pcrc m`l`fm`r jcs `iecrhchkgf`s qu` pgr `j icj tk`ipg g pgr s`r chgscmcs m` jgs igrgs vk`f`f c mcr lgfmg, jg qu` pu`m`f `x`hutcr `x `hutcr hgf brcfm` lchkjkmcm csé c jc pcrt` m` j`vcft` hgig c jc m` pgfk`ft` m`j mkhng Hcstkjjg, nchkëfmgj` c mkhnc Ect`réc su `xpjcfcmc m` ngrikbøf, qu` pgr `j tgmg hgfskm`rg 30?? =2 r`cj`s m` v`jjøf .
Cipngux kflgric `f `stcs jéf`cs m` qu` `j prkfhkpcj hgi`tkmg m` jc lgrtcj`zc `rc jc m`l`fsc m` jgs ecrhgs qu` lgfm`cecf `f jcs hcjcs cj`mcócs qu` hgflgricecf su pu`rtg, yc lu`rc pgr jcs kfhj`i`fhkcs m`j tk`ipg g c hcusc m` jc pkrct`réc, m`ek`fmg hgfstktukr ufc eu`fc bucrmc pcrc jc chtkvkmcm `hgføikhc m`scrrgjjcmc `f jc zgfc, y pjcft`c jc hgfstruhhkøf m` m` ufc ect`réc pcrc cm`hucr `j hcstkjjg hcstkjjg c jc fu`vc crtkjj`réc qu` s` `stã kftrgmuhk`fmg `f `j skbjg ^\KKK. @s ëstc ufc hu`stkøf qu` pr`ghupcrã murcft` tgmg `j skbjg c jgs kfb`fk`rgs qu` vkskt`f tcftg `j hcstkjjg hgig jcs m`iãs lgrtklkhchkgf`s m` jc hgstc, pu`s jgs pjcft`cik`ftgs m`j skbjg ^\K, ` kfhjusg m`j ^\KK, yc fg sgf vãjkmgs, y v`r`igs høig s` m`rrkecf huegs g jk`fzgs m` iurcjjcs pcrc hgfstrukr `spchkgs cm`hucmgs `f qu` kfstcjcr hcógf`s m` icygr hcjker`. @f `j hcsg m` F`rac, Cipngux prgpgf` nch`rjc cj pk` m`j hueg m` j`vcft`, j `vcft`, `f uf scjk`ft` m` jc p`óc, hgf `xpjcfcmc m` ngrikbøf hgf hcpchkmcm pcrc hgft`f`r tr`s hcógf`s. @stc prgpu`stc m` Ecrtgjgië Cipngux s` jj`vcréc c hceg ufgs cógs m`spuës, prgy`htãfmgs` prgy`htãfmgs` jc ect`réc `f 328?. @f `j Crhnkvg m` Xkicfhcs s` hgfs`rvcf jgs pjcfgs m`j hcstkjjg hgf `j prgy`htg m` ect`réc =>y uf p`rlkj m`j iksig hgrtcmg sger` ufc jéf`c m`j pjcfg T=Y=;. Jc hgfstruhhkøf m` jc ect`réc ghcskgfcréc jc m`igjkhkøf m`j hueg m` j`vcft`, qu` nceréc m`acmg m` s`r m` utkjkmcm `f `j fu`vg `squ`ic m`l`fskvg, y pcrt` m` jgs hucrt`j`s g ncektchkgf`s pcrc jc trgpc qu` s` ncjjcecf cmgscmcs c jc hcrc kft`rfc m`j iurg m` pgfk`ft`, `f `j trcig iãs h`rhcfg cj hueg r`l`rkmg, hgf gea`tg m` cerkr ufc pu`rtc m` hgiufkhchkøf. Jc ect`réc t`fmréc lgric s`ikhkrhujcr y hcpchkmcm fg pcrc jgs tr`s hcógf`s qu` m`icfmcec Cipngux, skfg pcrc huctrg4 mkspgféc m` huctrg hcógf`rcs, hgf m`rrci` nchkc nchkc `j `xt`rkgr, kfhjuyëfmgs`, kfhjuyëfmgs`, cm`iãs, ufc ufc bcrktc m` pjcftc hkrhujcr y huek`rtc cegv`mcmc. Hucfmg `j icrquës m` \cjm`hcócs vksktø `j hcstkjjg `f 328;, mcec hu`ftc m` `stc ect`réc fu`vc, yc hgfstrukmc 0?. @j pjcfg m` 328? fgs iu`strc uf hcstkjjg qu` yc fg `s `xchtci`ft` jc iksic lgrtcj`zc m`j skbjg ^\K qu` m`shrkeécigs. Xk ek`f su lgric s`bukréc sk`fmg kbucj y s` hgfs`rvcecf jgs `j`i`ftgs prkfhkpcj`s, huegs, tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` y iurcjjcs hgf sus rgfmcs prgt`bkmcs pgr pr`tkj`s, cngrc s` ges`rvcf `j`i`ftgs y m`p`fm`fhkcs m` jgs qu` fg t`fécigs fgtkhkc fk pgr jc m`shrkphkøf m` _`mrg m` Icmrkm fk pgr jc mghui`ftchkøf =2
C.B.X. X`hr`tcréc m` Bu`rrc. J`b. 8.<><. C.B.X. Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags. J^K-55. =; Kekm ., ., J^K-58. 0? C.B.I.I. Kekm .,., Mgh. 8.;?8, lgj.2. =>
m` jcs gercs r`cjkzcmcs ncstc 30<=4 m`e`igs supgf`r qu` `stcs fgv`mcm`s s` kfhgrpgrcrgf `f `j ñjtkig hucrtg m`j skbjg ^\K g murcft` `j skbjg ^\KK. Xkf `iecrbg, `j pjcfg p`rikt` v`r `j hcstkjjg qu` n`igs m`shrktg `f jcs gercs m`j ^\K, pu`s jgs fu`vgs `j`i`ftgs lu`rgf cócmkëfmgs` cócmkëfmgs` y hgf su su hgfstruhhkøf fg s` ghcskgfø jc m`struhhkøf m`struhhkøf m` fkfbufg m` jgs cftkbugs.
=. Hcstkjjg m` F`rac, _`rlkj hgrtcmg sger` jc jéf`c m`j _jcfg . X.c., s.j., 328?. C.B.X., Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags, <3-58.
Jc fgv`mcm iãs vkskej` `s `j lr`ft` m` tk`rrc, huyc lchncmc nc cvcfzcmg cj hgfstrukrs` vcrkgs `mklkhkgs cmn`rkmgs c jc hcrc `xt`rfc m`j jk`fzg m` iurcjjc. @f prki`r jubcr, uf hucrtg m` pjcftc r`htcfbujcr y tcicóg hgfskm`rcej`, huek`rtg hgf eøv`mc,
sger` `j qu` s` pumg mkspgf`r ufc `spchkgsc czgt`c, huyc pcr`m `xt`rkgr `stcec r`lgrzcmc hgf mgs hgftrclu`rt`s4 m`shgfgh`igs `j usg `xchtg qu` s` j` mcréc c `stc m`p`fm`fhkc, p`rg hce` p`fscr p`fscr qu` lu`rc uf usg hucrt`j`rg, cj i`fgs csé `stcec `stcec `stcej`hkmg `f 32<=, 32<=, y `s iuy prgecej` qu` cqué s` uekhcrc jc hcpkjjc murcft` `j tk`ipg qu` `j hcstkjjg mkspusg m` `jjc. Cf`ag nceéc gtrg hucrtg, hucrtg, m` pjcftc hucmrcmc, hucmrcmc, hgf pu`rtc cj `xt`rkgr, `xt`rkgr, tgtcji`ft` kfhgiufkhcmg m`j r`stg m` jc lgrtcj`zc. @ftr` mkhncs m`p`fm`fhkcs y jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` nceéc qu`mcmg, qu`mcmg, hgipj`tci`ft` hgipj`tci`ft` r`trcfqu`cmg, `j trgzg m` iurg `f `j qu` s` `fhgftrcec jc pu`rtc prkfhkpcj, grkbkfãfmgs` cft` `jjc uf `spchkg r`htcfbujcr qu` s`réc hgfv`rtkmg `f pctkg h`rrcmg, ufc v`z qu` s` hgfstruy`rc ufc fu`vc pu`rtc `f r`hgmg. Jc fu`vc pu`rtc mcec chh`sg c uf v`stéeujg g hucrtg m` bucrmkc cegv`mcmg qu` m`s`ieghcec `f `j hktcmg pctkg, mgfm` s` cerécf mgs pu`rtcs1 jc qu` mcec `ftrcmc c jc brcf scjc cegv`mcmc cegv`mcmc y jc pu`rtc prkiktkvc m`j hcstkjjg, qu` mcec mcec chh`sg c jc pjczc pjczc m` crics, qu` s` nceéc hgfv`rtkmg `f ufc s`bufmc pu`rtc kft`rkgr4 tciekëf pcrtécf m` cqué ufcs `shcj`rcs pgr jcs qu` s` sueéc c jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca`. @stc tgrr` qu` `f 30<= t`féc hgig ñfkhg chh`sg `j pu`ft` j`vcmkzg qu` hgiufkhcec jc hãicrc cjtc hgf `j cmcrv`, cngrc pgs`` ufc fu`vc `ftrcmc, hgf `shcj`rcs pcrc chh`m`r cj pksg kfl`rkgr qu` `stcec m`mkhcmg c cjichëf m` iufkhkgf`s, icft`fkëfmgs`, icft`fkëfmgs`, fg gestcft`, `j pu`ft` cftkbug. @f `j kft`rkgr m`j hcstkjjg ncy uf cipjkg `spchkg m`shuek`rtg, jc pjczc m` crics, `f tgrfg c jc qu` s` `fhu`ftrcf jgs hucrt`j`s cmgscmgs c jgs iurgs, jgs m` jc pcrt` m` j`vcft` m` ufc sgjc pjcftc y jgs m` pgfk`ft` m` mgs. @f `st` ñjtkig brupg, jc pjcftc ecac prgecej`i`ft` s`réc s`réc uscmc hgig hcecjj`rkzcs hcecjj`rkzcs y jc cjtc pcrc cjgacik`ftg m` trgpc, trgpc, pu`s s` chh`m` c `jjc pgr ufcs `shcj`rcs qu` s` suemkvkm`f `f mgs trcigs qu` hgfmuh`f c s`fmcs bcj`récs hgjbcmcs, sust`ftcmcs pgr pkjcr`s, c jcs qu` s` cer`f jcs pu`rtcs m` jcs ncektchkgf`s, grkbkfãfmgs` csé, ecag `jjcs, ufc zgfc pgrtkhcmc. @f `j jcmg kft`rkgr m`j cftkbug iurg m` tk`rrc s` ges`rvc tgmcvéc `j pcjchkg ecag m` 30?;, cj qu` s` cskbfc jc lufhkøf m` vkvk`fmc m`j cjhckm`. X` hgfs`rvcrãf `j hueg m` pgfk`ft` y `j huekjjg, ik`ftrcs qu` `j hueg m` j`vcft`, hgig n`igs mkhng, m`scpcr`h`réc sustktukmg pgr jc ect`réc4 jgs iurgs skbu`f hgfs`rvcfmg jgs pcskjjgs m` rgfmc y sus r`htgs pr`tkj`s. Jcs igmklkhchkgf`s r`cjkzcmcs y jc ect`réc hgfstrukmc, prgftg r`sujtcrgf m` pghc utkjkmcm. Csé jg hgfstctcec Euhcr`jjk `f su kflgri`, `f 32<3 hucfmg m`héc qu` t`féc ufc Ect`réc hkrhujcr iuy `str`hnc y mkléhkj m` mcrj` iãs `fscfhn`, `f jc qu` sgjg pgmrãf aubcr hcógf`s m` c ghng . Hgi`ftc tciekëf qu` `j hcstkjjg tk`f` ufc brcfm` eøe`mc sger` jc qu` ncy ufc czgt`c iuy `spchkgsc. ]k`f` cjiczëf m` pøjvgrc m` p`rtr`hngs, cjgacik`ftg pcrc `j Cjhckm` y bucrmc cjiczëf, hgf hucrt`j`s pcrc jc bucrfkhkøf qu` f`h`sktc03.
03
ECU@C L@UU@U, A.J1 gp.hkt .,., pcb. =?.
@j 3> m` mkhk`ier` m` 32<2, `j kfb`fk`rg Agsë m` Hrcf` l`hnc `f Iãjcbc `j pjcfg y p`rlkj m`j hcstkjjg m` F`rac 05 T0Y, `f `j qu` s` prgy`htc mcrj` cui`ftg c jc ect`réc pcrc csé cm`hucrjc c jcs mkspgskhkgf`s m`j U`cj U`bjci`ftg m` 3> m` cbgstg m` 32<=, qu` Hcrjgs KKK prgiujbø pcrc suescfcr, jcs m`lkhk`fhkcs pjcft`cmcs pgr Euhcr`jjk `f su kflgri`. @f `st` prgy`htg s` pr`v`éc jc m`igjkhkøf m`j huekjjg y cjbufgs m` jgs cjgacik`ftgs m` jc trgpc, tcftg `f jc pcrt` m` j`vcft` hgig `f jc m` pgfk`ft`, `spchkg qu`, ufkmg cj m` jc ect`réc cft`rkgr, jke`rcréc hcsk uf t`rhkg m` jc sup`rlkhk` m`j hcstkjjg pcrc s`r ghupcmc pgr jc fu`vc ect`réc, c hgstc m` jc pjczc m` crics y jgs hucrt`j`s qu` v`écf r`muhkmg su tcicóg.
0. _jcfg y _`rlkj m`j Hcstkjjg m` F`rxc s ktucmg sger` ufc p`óc `shcrpcmc `f `j _crtkmg m` \ëj`z hgf `j fu`vg _rgy`htg m`j cui`ftg qu` s` m`e` mcr c su Ect`réc pcr c qu` qu`m` h cpcz m` hgft`f`r jgs = hcógf`s m` c 5=, 5 m` c 3< m` su mgtczkøf s`bñf `j U`cj U`bjci`ftg m` 3> m` Cbgstg m` 32<=. Agsë m` Hrcf`. Iãjcbc, 3> m` mkhk`ier` m` 32<2. C.B.X., Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags, <3-5=.
05
C.B.X. Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags. J^K-5=.
Jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` hgft`féc `f su prki`r fkv`j `j cjichëf m` pøjvgrc, lufhkøf c jc qu` sk`ipr` `stuvg m`stkfcmg, y p`ricf`héc `j hueg m` pgfk`ft` qu` c pcrtkr m` cngrc s`réc m`fgikfcmg `j Hueg, pgr s`r `j ñfkhg qu` qu`m`. @j hucrtg cjcrbcmg, huek`rtg hgf eøv`mc y czgt`c, cj qu` s` j` ncf cek`rtg mgs v`ftcfcj`s, ufg cj icr y gtrg c jc pcrt` m` tk`rrc, hgf m`rrci` nchkc `j kft`rkgr, s` s`ócjc hgig ncektchkøf pcrc jc trgpc m` kflcft`réc y hcecjj`réc, cj kbucj qu` jcs m`p`fm`fhkcs m`p`fm`fhkcs qu` yc lkburcecf hgig hucrt`j`s `f 328?4 p`rg `stgs ñjtkigs s` ncf r`muhkmg, qu`mcfmg søjg huctrg cmgscmgs cj iurg m` j`vcft` y gtrgs tcftgs cj m` pgfk`ft`. X` icftk`f` kfcjt`rcmc jc vkvk`fmc m`j cjhckm`. @j prgtcbgfksig `f `stc fu`vc mkspgskhkøf jg tk`f`, skf mumc, jc ect`réc. Iuhng iãs cipjkc, `f ufc sktuchkøf m` mgikfkg y skf t`hncmgs fk rukfcs c sus `spcjmcs qu` kipkmk`rcf `j igvkik`ftg m` jc crtkjj`réc y m` jgs crtkjj`rgs, hgig suh`méc hgf jc cft`rkgr, m`lkhk`fhkc qu` s` nceéc pgmkmg hgiprgecr `f uf hcógf`g ncekmg hgf jgs kfbj`s`s. X` icft`fmrã jc bcrktc `f `jjc y, pcrc prgt`b`r m` jgs tkrgs jcs ncektchkgf`s kft`rkgr`s m`j hcstkjjg, s` prgy`htc h`rrcr jc bgjc hgf uf pcr`møf `f `j qu` s` hgjghcréc jc pu`rtc m` hgiufkhchkøf hgiufkhchkøf hgf jc pjczc m` crics. crics. Hgf `stc fu`vc pjcfklkhchkøf s` pr`t`fméc trcfslgricr cqu`jjc lgrtcj`zc h`rrcmc, lgricmc pgr uf hkfturøf m` tgrr`s y huegs ufkmgs pgr iurcjjcs hgf cmcrv`s, `f huyg kft`rkgr s` `fhgftrcecf cjbufcs m`p`fm`fhkcs, `f ufc lgrtklkhchkøf hgf mgs pcrt`s hjcrci`ft` mkl`r`fhkcmcs1 ufc ngrkzgftcj, cek`rtc, jjcfc y skf gestãhujgs, m`stkfcmc c hgft`f`r jc crtkjj`réc, uf `spchkg eëjkhg chtkvg qu` cs`burcrc jc m`l`fsc m` jc pgejchkøf y su pcrt` m` hgstc, y gtrg `spchkg h`rrcmg qu` vc c m`s`ip`ócr, prkfhkpcji`ft` cufqu` fg `xhjuskvci`ft`, `xhjuskvci`ft`, jc lufhkøf m` hucrt`j. Hucrt`j fg c jc icf`rc m` jgs fu`vgs qu` mks`ócrcf `f Lrcfhkc, \cuecf g E`jkmgr y `f @spcóc, `j Kfb`fk`rg B`f`rcj Agrb` _røsp`rg m` \`reggf, skfg m` cqu`jjgs gtrgs `f qu` s` cprgv`hncecf m`t`rikfcmcs pcrt`s m`j kft`rkgr m` ufc lgrtcj`zc pcrc pcrc cjgacr c jc trgpc m` icf`rc p`ricf`ft` p`ricf`ft` 08. _gm`igs hgipj`tcr jc vkskøf qu` t`f`igs hgf `j pjcfg m`j hcstkjjg, pcrt` m` jc pgejchkøf y jc ecacmc cj pu`rtg, h`rrcmc ` kfutkjkzcmc pgr ufc hcsc y nu`rtg, mkeuacmg `f 32<< pgr `j kfb`fk`rg Agsë C. @sp`jkus T3Y0=. @j pjcfg iu`strc uf cipjkg `spchkg urecfg, jc _jczc Icygr, rgm`cmg m` `mklkhkgs1 cj Xur, `j hcstkjjg, qu` fg s` r`pr`s`ftc `f m`tcjj`, søjg su hgftgrfg, hgf jc prki`rc ect`réc, pjcfklkhcmc `f 328?4 `f jgs gtrgs jcmgs, jc kbj`skc, hcscs m` jc pgejchkøf, ufc lu`ft` pñejkhc y, auftg c jc `squkfc m` jc tgrr` m`j ngi`fca` y prgt`bkmg pgr `jjc, `j chh`sg c jgs cjlgjé`s g m`pøsktgs m` brcfgs, qu` `rcf cipjkgs suet`rrãf`gs cegv`mcmgs huygs i`mkgs puftgs m` `ftrcmc, hgipj`tci`ft` h`bcmgs, cñf pu`m`f cpr`hkcrs` `f `j jct`rcj m` j`vcft` m` jc ecs` m`j _cs`g Ecjhøf m` @urgpc. X` pu`m` v`r, tciekëf, jc ecacmc c jc pjcyc m` Hcjcngfmc qu` s` uscec hgig
08
Xger` `j grkb`f m`j hucrt`j y sus tkpgjgbécs, \km. ICUQCJ ICU]ÉF@Q, C.1 gp. hkt .,., y ‚Fgtcs sger` crqukt`hturc ikjktcr mk`hkghn`shc `f Cfmcjuhéc. Hucrt`j`s’, Chtcs K Hgfbr`sg m` Nkstgrkc m` Cfmcjuhéc. Cfmcjuhéc I gm`rfc (skb jg ^\KKK) , \gj. KK, Hørmgec, 3;2>, pp. 8-5?. 0= C.B.X. Icpcs, _jcfgs y Mkeuags. J\KKK->8.
pu`rtg, h`rrcmc pgr ufc hcsc, nu`rtgs y jcs rukfcs m` ufc vkvk`fmc qu` s` icfmcec m`rrkecr pgr U`ftcs. @f `f`rg m` 3>?>, `j kfb`fk`rg Fkhgjãs Bcrrkmg vksktcec `j hcstkjjg pgrqu` s` nceécf prgmuhkmg nufmkik`ftgs y m`spjgi`s, ghcskgfcmgs pgr jcs lkjtrchkgf`s m` cbuc `f `j t`rr`fg sger` `j qu` ëst` s` cs`ftcec, y prgpgféc nch`r tr`s r`hcjzgs pcrc m`t`f`r `j nufmkik`ftg, tcj hgig s` nceéc t`fkmg qu` nch`r hgf cft`rkgrkmcm `f `j ãfbujg m` pgfk`ft`00. 5.0. Jc m`struhhkøf m`j hcstkjjg. _rgpu`stcs y r`cjkmcm`s `f jc prki`rc iktcm m`j skbjg ^K^ Jc m`struhhkøf m`j Hcstkjjg m` F`rac tuvg jubcr `f 3>33, hucfmg jgs kfbj`s`s tgicrgf jc m`hkskøf m` ikfcr jc ghupchkøf lrcfh`sc m` jc hgstc mkfciktcfmg cjbufcs m` jcs lgrtcj`zcs qu` pumk`rcf s`rvkr m` r`sbucrmg y, pcrc `jjg, j` nkhk`rgf ufgs ngrfkjjgs `f jgs qu` s` hgjghø jc mkfciktc. Jcs icm`rcs m`j hcstkjjg s` r`hgbk`rgf y `j mkf`rg s` kfvkrtkø `f bcstgs pñejkhgs, hgfhr`tci`ft` `f hgiprcr rchkgf`s pcrc jcs pcrtkmcs m` pctrkgtcs qu` p`rs`buécf p`rs`buécf c jcs hgjuifcs hgjuifcs iøvkj`s 0<. Cógs m`spuës, `f 3>53, `j kfb`fk`rg Aucf _ér`z, `fvkcmg pgr jc Mkr`hhkøf B`f`rcj m` Kfb`fk`rgs m` jc Hgstc m` Brcfcmc, pjcft`cec jc hgfstruhhkøf, `f su jubcr, m` ufc ect`réc hgf su pu`stg m` bucrmkc, hgf uf hgst` m` mk`hksëks ikj r`cj`s m` v`jjøf 02 qu` fg jj`bcréc c nch`rs`. @f 3>85, `j Cjhcjm` m` F`rac sgjkhktø c jcs cutgrkmcm`s ikjktcr`s `j p`riksg, qu` j` s`réc hgfh`mkmg, pcrc r`jj`fcr hgf `shgiergs jc ect`réc, hgf gea`tg m` hgfs`bukr ufc bjgrk`tc, hgf jc hgfmkhkøf m` qu` sk `j bgek`rfg m`hkméc `f cjbñf igi`ftg j`vcftcr m` fu`vg `j hcstkjjg jgs v`hkfgs m` F`rac hgftrkeukrécf cpgrtcfmg mgs ikj hcrbcs m` pk`mrcs. M` `stc icf`rc, jcs rukfcs m` cqu`jjc lgrtcj`zc, qu` `ftgfh`s t`féc tr`shk`ftgs cógs m` cftkbú`mcm, cftkbú`mcm, qu`mcrécf hgfv`rtkmcs `f `j `spchkg `spchkg pñejkhg m`j qu` ngy 0> pgm`igs mkslrutcr mkslrutcr . @f mkhk`ier` m` 3>=;, jc trcfslgrichkøf `rc yc krr`v`rskej` y jc pjctclgric t`féc su cft`p`hng y csk`ftgs4 `f uf ñjtkig, cufqu` kfñtkj, kft`ftg `j kfb`fk`rg `fhcrbcmg `shrkeéc1 pgmréc `f hcsg f`h`scrkg s`rvkr m` ect`réc rgeustc, sk`fmg `j cft`p`hng y h`rrãfmgjg pgr jc bgjc hgf `mklkhkgs cspkjj`rcmgs , cufqu`, iãs r`cjkstc, sub`réc qu` tcj v`z s`réc hgfv`fk`ft` hgfstrukr mgs ect`récs, ufc `f jc pcrt` m` Eurrkcfc y gtrc `f jc m`j Hnuhnkjjg, pgr `st` ik gea`tg m`j r`hgfghkik`ftg qu` s` ncbc pcrc `stcej`h`r `j skst`ic m`l`fskvg m` jc hgstc, pcrc t`rikfcr r`v`jcfmg qu` `f jc pjcyc ncy s`ks hcógf`s 0; m` nk`rrg kfñtkj`s . Fk s` kicbkfcec `j kfb`fk`rg qu`, hk`ftg hkfhu`ftc cógs m`spuës,
mgs m` `stgs hcógf`s ncrécf jcs m`jkhkcs m` jgs turkstcs lgtgbrclkãfmgs` auftg c `jjgs. 00
C.B.I.X. (Crhnkvg B`f`rcj Ikjktcr m` X`bgvkc). 8ª X`hhkøf, 8ª Mkvkskøf, j`b. 0<. Km . 02 C.B.I.I. Hgj`hhkøf B`f`rcj m` Mghui`ftgs. ^KKK-K-8.;50. 0> C.I.F. (Crhnkvg Iufkhkpcj m` F`rac) Chtcs Hcpktujcr`s. 3< m` ghtuer` m` 3>=5. 0; C.B.I.I. Hgj`hhkøf B`f`rcj m` Mghui`ftgs. ^KKK, 8.;3<. 0<
@f 3>02, `j icrkshcj m` Hcipg y hgrgf`j m` Kfb`fk`rgs, Agsë N`rr`rc Bcrhéc, r`cjkzø ufc i`igrkc m`shrkptkvc m` jc hgstc m`j U`kfg m` Brcfcmc, yc `f su mkvkskøf prgvkfhkcj, `f jc qu` m`shcrtcec r`hgfstrukr `j Hcstkjjg m` F`rac, pu`s jc pgskhkøf, cufqu` eu`fc pcrc m`shuerkr y ectkr jc pjcyc qu` tk`f` c su lr`ft`, fg jg `s skf `iecrbg pcrc m`l`fm`r y prgt`b`r jc pgejchkøf qu` s` ncjjc `stcej`hkmc c r`tcbucrmkc y qu` pu`m` s`r ctchcmc pgr trgpcs qu`, skf s`r s` r gl`fmkmcs m`j Hcstkjjg, Hcstkj jg, m`s`iecrhcs`f
@j kfb`fk`rg N`rr`rc, pgr ñjtkig, prgpgfmréc hgfstrukr mgs ect`récs1 ufc, cj @st`, `f jc puftc m` Eurrkcfc brcfm` , sgjcr, ghupcmg ngy pgr ufc vkvk`fmc cacrmkfcmc, auftg cj qu` m`spuës s` hgfstrukréc uf hucrt`j m` hcrcekf`rgs, y gtrc, cj G`st`, `f jc puftc m`j Hnuhng `f jc qu` s` j`vcftcréc jc lãerkhc czuhcr`rc „Jc Kfm`p`fm`fhkc‛, `f `j jubcr `f qu` ngy s` `fhu`ftrc jc pjczc m` jgs Hcfbr`ags. Xu prgpu`stc, qu` fg prgsp`rcréc, s` ncjjcec hgfhr`tcmc `f uf egfktg pjcfg m`j lgfm`cm`rg m` F`rac m`jkf`cmg pgr @ikjkg N`rr`rc T
<. _jcfg m`j Lgfm`cm`rg m` F`rac. Ctjcs m` jgs _jcfgs hgrr`spgfmk`ft`s c jc „I`ig rkc M`shrkptkvc Ikjktcr sger` jc tgpgbrcléc, m`l`fsc y ges`rvchkøf icrétkic m` jc Hgstc m`j cftkbug U`kfg m` Brcfcmc‛ . @ikjkg N`rr`rc (vkscmg pgr Agsë N`rr`rc Bcrhéc). X.j., 3>02. E.H.I.I., skb. KKK-<=-8-8.
C.B.I.I. Kekm . Mgh. 8.;82. C.B.I.I. Hcrtgt`hc. _jcfg f± 3.30?.
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