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LXU\XB 6 “ LODLH]SXB CH CUH]S ⇕ Dosixdhf ch cuh}s$ ⇕ F}fuisif |i hzobxsif cuh}sxbxi ⇕ Ci`hd|ixdhf |olifbf f cuh}sxbxi ⇕ H|hdsf" lodsidxsxb |i jou`f cuh}sxbxi ⇕ Chjidisif cuh}sxbxi ⇕ Dosixdibh ch cuh}s }xebil |i }uizfs Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 6 ‥ ‥

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W}fkidibh 63 - 5

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W}fkidibh <: - <1P Dosixdibh ch cuh}s }xebil |i }uizfs \h}fufuhf lhbou coxf si}xui ch cuh}s f}fuh idlf ch bf idlh}xsxuibh cuh}sxbxi" uo`fdii jiidc }ui`ii lfuh bh-fx chjidis" lfuh" idsu-o sufcxlhuh s ufcxlhuh f}uoqi`fsizf fu ji> - cuh}sxb }xebil h|sh fsxdli lfdc hb h|sh h|sh id |bxnef i`}huixbxi uo`fd - cuh}sxb }uizfs h|sh fsxdli lfdc |huzh|sh idshuh|hbh idcizicxbxi id }fush Flhf|sf chjidisih h|sh flsxfbf |i f|sf~i chofuhlh jflh lhf `fi lbfuf ci|sidlsih idsuh lhbh coxf uf`xui ch cuh}s id jxdlsih j xdlsih ch idshuh|hbh lxi bh f}fuf |i bf lidh |h f}bilf$ Id lfcuxb cuh}sxbxi }xebil o i`}ousfdsf cho|heisf o fuh cuh}sxb lod|sisxsiodfb lfuh h|sh jflsouxb |suxlsxufds fb idsuhkxbxi |i|sh` ch cuh}s lfuh kxzhudhf~f |i ouihdshf~f uhkbh`hdsfuhf uhkbh`hdsfuhf nxuicilf cid lhbhbfbsh uf`xui fbh cuh}sxbxi$

W}fkidibh <1 - 35P \xeihlsh }hdsux }uhkČsiuhf }uhk Čsiuhf äd zhchuhf hzfbxČuii jidfbh> lfuh |xds hbh`hdshbh lo`}odhdsh lfuh }os ji |xe|x`fsh lodlh}sxbxi lodlh}sxbxi ch cuh}s ‥ ‥ id lh lod|sfx h|hdsf" lodsidxsxb |i jou`f cuh}sxbxi ‥ chjidisi dosixdibh ch cuh}s }xebil |i }uizfs F]BILFŅII HqhuliŌii uh~obzfsh 6$ Lfuh |xds hbh`hdshbh lo`}odhdsh lh }os ji |xe|x`fsh lodlh}sxbxi ch cuh}s? f$) Fd|f`ebxb uhkxbibou ch lodcxisf" id|sisxish |fx |fdlsiodfsh ch |sfs e$) uhkxbi lfuh hq}ui`f zoidsf }o}ouxbxi uicilfsf bf ufdk ch bhkh l$) Uhkxbi }uizidc exdhbh `oufzxui" `oufbf }xebilf" exdf luhcidsf |i oeilhixb }f`fdsxbxi !lxsx`f) c$) Uhkxbi f lfuou f}bilfuh h|sh uhfbi~fsf ch exdfzoih h$) Uhkxbi f lfuou f}bilfuh h|sh uhfbi~fsf id xbsi`f id|sfdsf" }uid jousf lohulisizf f |sfsxbxi F$) f" e" l" h E$) f" e" c" h L$) f" l" c" h UČ|}xd| louhls>

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3

LXU\XB 5 “ CUH]SXB LOD\SISXSIODFB" UF@XUF F \I\SH@XBXI CH CUH]S ⇕ Dosixdhf ch cuh}s lod|sisxsiodfb ⇕ Bolxb cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxsiodfb id |i|sh`xb ch cuh}s ⇕ I~zofuhbh cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxsiodfb ⇕ Uf}ousxb ch cuh}s lod|sisxsiodfb ⇕ \xeihlshbh uf}ousxbxi ch cuh}s lod|sisxsiodfb ⇕ Dou`hbh ch cuh}s lod|sisxsiodfb Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 5 ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥

Chjidiuhf cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxsiodfb ]uhli~fuhf bolxbxi cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxsiodfb id |i|sh`xb ch cuh}s Ichdsijilfuhf i~zofuhbou ch cuh}s lod|sisxsiodfb Ichdsijilfuhf |i chjidiuhf oeihlsxbxi ch uhkbh`hdsfuh fb cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxsiodfb

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W}fkidibh 8: - :

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LXU\XB < “ SHOUIF LOD\SISXSIHI ! 6 ) ⇕ Dosixdhf ch lod|sisxsih ⇕ Dosixdhf ch uhki` lod|sisxsiodfb ⇕ F}fuisif lod|sisxsihi Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi < ‥ ‥

Chjidiuhf dosixdii ch lod|sisxsih Chjidiuhf lodlh}sxbxi ch uhki` lod|sisxsiodfb

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W}fkidibh 9=-95P

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5$ Chjidiuhf uhki`xbxi lod|sisxsiodfb cid }xdls ch zhchuh zhchuh `fshuifb `fshuifb |h jflh> f$ id jxdlsih ch lodsidxbxi |fx e$ id jxdlsih ch fd|f`ebxb ch uhkxbi lfuh uhkbh`hdshf~f uhkbh`hdshf~f oukfdi~fuhf oukfdi~fuhf |i lodcxlhuhf xdxi |sfs l$ id jxdlsih ch lodsidxsxb lodsidxsxb |i |i zfbofuhf uhbfsiibou |olifbh uhkbh`hdsfsh c$ uhkxbibh ch oukfdi~fuh oukfdi~fuh |i lodcxlhuh lodcxlhuh f xdxi |sfs fx id zhchuh o hsf}f hsf}f ch ch~zobsfuh ch~zobsfuh f |f h$ id jxdlsih ch fd|f`ebxb uhkxbibou uhkxbibou ch cuh}s |i |i f xdxi xdxi dx`fu ch x~fdsh F$) f" c" h E$) f" e" c L$) f" l" c UČ|}xd| louhls>6-L7 5-E

LXU\XB 3 “ SHOUIF LOD\SISXSIHI ! 5 ) ⇕ Fco}sfuhf lod|sisxsihi ⇕ Uhzi~xiuhf lod|sisxsihi ⇕ \x|}hdcfuhf |i feuokfuhf lod|sisxsihi ⇕ \x}uh`fsif lod|sisxsihi Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 3 ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥

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`ocijilČuibh Lod|sisxŌixdii Lod|sisxŌixdii cid 59 `fusih 695<‐ 

]uid flh|s chluhs h|sh uh}x|Č äd zikofuh Lod|sisxŌif cid 695<" chofuhlh cidsuh sofsh lod|sisxŌiibh cid Uo`ådif flhf|sf f jo|s lhf `fi ch`olufsilČ$ Suhexih |Č `hdŌiodČ` lČ dx fx jo|s uh}x|h äd zikofuh sofsh ci|}o~iŌiibh flh|shi lod|sisxŌii$ 5$ Chluhsxb du$ 6139/6933 }hdsux —FcČxkiuh ch fbidhfs dox bf jidhbh fus$ IZ cid I$ C$ U du$ 6:5: cid <6 fxkx|s 6933‐ 

Chluhsxb du$6139 suhexif |Č uČ|}xdcČ lhuidŌhi ch nxchlfuh şi }hch}|iuh f lhbou lod|ichufŌi zidozfŌi ch ch~f|suxb ŌČuii" }hch}|iuh |si}xbfsČ }uid LodzhdŌif ch fu`i|siŌix lx DfŌixdibh Xdish$ ]hdsux flhf|sf suhexif ädbČsxufsh }ihcilibh ch oucid nxuicil !lod|sisxŌiodfb) cfsoufsh xdou fusilobh cid Lod|sisxŌif cid 695< lfuh idshu~ilhfx ädjiidŌfuhf ch suiexdfbh hqsufoucidfuh" id|sisxiuhf }hch}|hi lodji|lČuii fzhuibou" f}bilfuhf }hch}|hi lx `ofushf äd fbsh lf~xui chlås lhbh }uhzČ~xsh ch locxb }hdfb `ibisfu äd si`} ch uČ~eoi$ @idouisfuh <$ Bhkhf du$ 1:" cid jheuxfuih 6938" }hdsux \sfsxsxb dfŌiodfbisČŌibou @idouisfuh Bhkhf }hdsux \sfsxsxb DfŌiodfbisČŌibou @idouisfuh f fzxs `hdiuhf ch f }uolbf`f şi f|ikxuf hkfbisfshf lhsČŌhdibou ŌČuii" idcijhuhds ch uf|Č" dfŌiodfbisfsh" bi`eČ |fx uhbikih$ Laifu äd }ui`xb fusilob" Bhkhf du$ 1:/6938 |sfsoudilhşsh lČ soŌi lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi |xds hkfbi äd jfŌf bhkii şi |h exlxuČ ch flhbhfşi cuh}sxui lizibh şi }obisilh" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch uf|Č" dfŌiodfbisfsh" bi`eČ |fx uhbikih$ 3$ Bhkhf du$ 61; cid 5< `fusih 6938 }hdsux ädjČ}sxiuhf uhjou`hi fkufuh Bhkhf fco}sfsČ bf 5< `fusih 6933 }hdsux ädjČ}sxiuhf uhjou`hi fkufuh f chjidis uhjou`f fkufuČ lf o dhlh|isfsh dfŌiodfbČ" hlodo`ilČ şi |olifbČ$ Bhkhf f }uhzČ~xs hq}uo}uihuhf şi suhlhuhf f|x}uf |sfsxbxi$ Bhkhf du$ 61; cid 5< `fusih 6938" }uid ci|}o~iŌiibh |fbh" jou`xbhf~Č xdxb cidsuh lhbh `fi i`}ousfdsh }uidli}ii |olifb-hlodo`ilh" }uhzČ~ådc lČ }Č`ådsxb f}fuŌidh lhbou lfuh äb `xdlh|l$ 8$ Chluhsxb du$5561 cid 6< ixbih 693: }uizidc hqhulisfuhf }xshuii bhki|bfsizh ]uid Chluhsxb du$ 5561/693: |h oukfdi~hf~Č Uh}uh~hdsfdŌf DfŌiodfbČ ädsu-xd |idkxu lou}" chdx`is Fcxdfuhf Ch}xsfŌibou$ @ocijilådcx-|h Lod|sisxŌif cid 695<" |h |sfeibhşsh chli xd }ui` }uidli}ix lod|sisxŌiodfb" şi fdx`h flhbf fb xdilf`hufbisČŌii oukfdxbxi |x}uh` bhki|bfsiz" uhdxdŌådcx-|h bf |i|sh`xb eilf`hufb }uid ch|jiidŌfuhf \hdfsxbxi$ :$ Bhkhf du$ <:< cid <= chlh`euih 693;" }hdsux lod|sisxiuhf \sfsxbxi Uo`åd äd Uh}xebilf ]o}xbfuČ Uo`ådČ

Bf <= chlh`euih 693;" kxzhudxb f cfs o }uolbf`fŌih }uid lfuh |h nx|sijilf şi fukx`hdsf dhlh|isfshf ch|jiidŌČuii jou`hi `odfuailh$ Feobiuhf `odfuaihi şi }uolbf`fuhf Uh}xebilii ]o}xbfuh Uo`ådh bf <= chlh`euih 693; fx jo|s lod|flufsh bhki|bfsiz }uid Bhkhf du$ <:<$ Bhkhf du$ <:
Sos bf <= chlh`euih 693;" Fcxdfuhf Ch}xsfŌibou f zosfs şi Bhkhf du$ <:3" }uid lfuh f dx`is `h`euii ]uh~icixbxi Uh}xebilii ]o}xbfuh Uo`ådh$ ]hdsux |sfeibiuhf fsuiexŌiibou" oukfdi~Čuii şi jxdlŌiodČuii ]uh~icixbxi" |-f fco}sfs Chluhsxb du$ < cid 1 ifdxfuih 6931 lfuh f}fuh lf o lo`}bhsfuh f Bhkii du$ <:
W}fkidibh 6:5-6:3P Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi cid 6< f}uibih 6931 @fuhf Fcxdfuh DfŌiodfbČ" äd lfbisfsh ch Fcxdfuh Lod|sisxfdsČ" |-f ädsuxdis äd |h|ixdh bf : f}uibih 69317 if äd ci|lxŌih }uoihlsxb ch lod|sisxŌih ädsol`is ch Lod|ibixb Juodsxbxi Ch`olufŌihi ]o}xbfuh şi fco}sČ" bf 6< f}uibih 6931" Lod|sisxŌif$ Dou`hbh lod|sisxŌiodfbh" lx}uid|h äd lhbh 6=8 fusilobh" |xds |i|sh`fsi~fsh äd ~hlh sisbxui$ Lod|sisxŌif lod|fluČ hqi|shdŌf |sfsxbxi uo`åd lf |sfs }o}xbfu" xdisfu" idch}hdchds şi |xzhufd" |sfs lh f bxfs jiidŌČ }uid bx}sf }o}ouxbxi ä`}osuizf jf|li|`xbxi" uhflŌixdii şi i`}huifbi|`xbxi$ SosocfsČ" fus$ 66 cid Lod|sisxŌih luhhf~Č lfcuxb nxuicil fb ziisofuhbou dfŌiodfbi~Čui$ W}fkidibh 6:8-6:;P Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi cid 53 |h}sh`euih 6985 Lf xu`fuh f fco}sČuii doii Lod|sisxŌii" äd fdxb 6931 fx jo|s dfŌiodfbi~fsh }uidli}fbhbh `inboflh ch }uocxlŌih" xu`ådc f}oi fbsh dfŌiodfbi~Čui !fbh xdisČŌibou jfu`flhxsilh" fbh xdhi }ČuŌi cid jodcxb ch bolxidŌh)$  Äd 698= |-f jČlxs o uhoukfdi~fuh fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi " }uid ädjiidŌfuhf ch doi xdisČŌi fc`idi|sufsizshuisouifbh> ufiodxb şi uhkixdhf" şi fx jo|s ädjiidŌfsh" lf oukfdh fbh }xshuii ch |sfs" |jfsxuibh }o}xbfuh$  Äd lhhf lh }uizhşsh |i|sh`xb oukfdhbou |sfsxbxi" äd 6939 fx jo|s ädjiidŌfsh Lo`i|if ch \sfs f ]bfdijilČuii şi Fueisufnxb ch \sfs" lx |fulidf ch f |obxŌiodf bisikiibh hlodo`ilh cidsuh ädsuh}uidchuibh ch |sfs$  Äd fdxb 698= f jo|s fco}sfs Locxb `xdlii Äd 6985 |-f hjhlsxfs uhoukfdi~fuhf nxchlČsouhf|lČ şi f jo|s luhfsČ ]uolxufsxuf" |i|sh` ch oukfdh ch |sfs ci|sidls ch nx|siŌih$ Lod|sisxŌif cid 6985 fzhf xd lf}isob idsuocxlsiz şi 668 fusilobh |i|sh`fsi~fsh äd ~hlh lf}isobh$ W}fkidibh 6:8-6:;P Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi cid 56 fxkx|s 69:8 Lod|sisxŌif cid 56 fxkx|s 69:8" lx `ocijilČuibh xbshuiofuh" f fzxs 656 ch fusilobh |i|sh`fsi~fsh äd doxČ sisbxui$ Ci|}o~iŌiibh lod|sisxŌiodfbh fx lod|flufs |lai`efuhf chdx`iuii ŌČuii cid Uh}xebilf ]o}xbfuČ Uo`ådČ äd Uh}xebilf \olifbi|sČ Uo`ådif7 jou`f uh}xebilfdČ f |sfsxbxi7 |xzhufdisfshf şi idch}hd-chdŌf7 idcizi~ieibisfshf şi idfbihdfeibisfshf shuisouixbxi$ Lås }uizhşsh sisxbfuxb }xshuii" |h fufsČ lČ flh|sf h|sh }o}ouxb$ Lod|sisxŌif `hdŌidh }uidli}ixb }fusicxbxi xdil" lf }fusic ch kxzhudČ`åds$ Äd fjfuf flh|sou  ci|}o~iŌii" sisbxb I fb Lod|sisxŌihi lx}uidch }uhzhchui uhjhuisofuh bf jou`hbh ch }uo}uihsfsh" jxdlŌiibh |sfsxbxi" }uidli}iibh }obisilii hqshudh" lhsČŌhdih" oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f |sfsxbxi$ Lf şi lod|sisxŌiibh fdshuiofuh fco}sfsh cx}Č 5< fxkx|s 6933" Lod|sisxŌif cid 69:8 f fzxs xd lfuflshu   ädşhbČsou ch`olufsil" `hdis |Č f|lxdcČ xd uhki` ch cilsfsxuČ" bi}|f ch cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi lhsČŌhdhşsi" lodcxlhuhf ch|}osilČ" hqhulisfsČ ch o `idouisfsh }uizibhkifsČ$ W}fkidibh 6:;-6;=P

5;

Flsh lx lfuflshu lod|sisxŌiodfb fco}sfsh cx}Č UhzobxŌif cid Chlh`euih 6919 UhzobxŌif cid Chlh`euih 6919 f ädbČsxufs cilsfsxuf lo`xdi|sČ cid Uo`ådif$ Zicxb ch }xshuh f jo|s uh~obzfs }uid id|sfxufuhf xdxi kxzhudČ`åds ch jf}s" uh}uh~hdsfs ch Lod|ibixb Juodsxbxi \fbzČuii DfŌiodfbh" lx uob ch oukfd |x}uh` fb }xshuii ch |sfs$ ]fubf`hdsxb fbh| äd Uo`ådif bf 5= `fi 699= f fzxs `i|ixdhf i`}ousfdsČ ch f hbfeouf Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi$ Lås }uizhşsh flshbh fco}sfsh cx}Č zilsouif UhzobxŌihi cid Chlh`euih 6919" xdhbh cidsuh hbh fx jou`xbfs doi }uidli}ii lod|sisxŌiodfbh" }uidli}ii lfuh |-fx f}bilfs äd |olihsfshf uo`ådhf|lČ şi lfuh fx jo|s }uhbxfsh  äd Lod|sisxŌif cid fdxb 6996$ Lhbh `fi i`}ousfdsh }uidli}ii |xds> jou`f uh}xebilfdČ ch kxzhudČ`åds7 |h}fufŌif }xshuibou7 |sfsxb ch cuh}s7 }bxufbi|`xb }obisil7 |suxlsxuf eilf`hufbČ f ]fubf`hdsxbxi7 ch`olufŌif şi biehusfshf" f|ikxufuhf ch`disČŌii x`fdh7 idziobfeibisfshf şi idfbihdfeibisfshf cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh o`xbxi şi lhsČŌhfdxbxi" hbikieibisfshf }hdsux jxdlŌii ch kxzhudfuh" lod|xbsfuhf }o}ouxbxi }uid uhjhuhdcx` äd bhkČsxuČ lx bhkibh şi `Č|xuibh ch i`}ousfdŌČ cho|heisČ$ 6$ Chluhs-Bhkh du$ 5 cid 5; chlh`euih 6919 }uizidc lod|sisxiuhf" oukfdi~fuhf şi jxdlŌiodfuhf Lod|ibixbxi Juodsxbxi \fbzČuii DfŌiodfbh şi f lod|ibiibou shuisouifbh fbh Juodsxbxi \fbzČuii DfŌiodfbh

5$ Chluhsxb Bhkh du$ 1 cid <6 chlh`euih 6919 }uizidc äduhki|sufuhf şi jxdlŌiodfuhf }fusichbou }obisilh şi  f oukfdi~fŌiibou oeşshşsi cid Uo`ådif L od|ibixb ]uozi~ouix ch Xdixdh DfŌiodfbČ <$ Chluhsxb Bhkh du$ 16 cid 9 jheuxfuih 699= }uizidc Lod|ibixb 3$ Chluhsxb-Bhkh du$ 95 cid 63 `fusih 699= }uizidc fbhkhuhf ]fubf`hdsxbxi şi f ]uhşhcidshbxi Uo`ådihi 

W}fkidibh 6;6-6;1P Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi cid 1 chlh`euih 6996 Hbfeoufuhf Lod|sisxŌihi f uČ|}xd| lhuidŌhi uhfbi~Čuii lfcuxbxi nxuicil jxdcf`hdsfb fb hzobxŌihi |}uh |sfsxb ch cuh}s" ch`olufsil şi |olifb$ Hbfeoufuhf Lod|sisxŌihi f lod|sisxis xdxb cid }xdlshbh jou`xbfsh äd }uokuf`hbh şi }bfsjou`hbh jouŌhbou }obisilh$ KxzhudČ`ådsxb ch jf}s id|sisxis äd chlh`euih 6919" chşi |-f bhkisi`fs lf o zhuisfeibČ }xshuh lod|sisxfdsČ şi f feobis zhlaibh |suxlsxui ch }xshuh" dx f hbfeoufs şi Lod|sisxŌif" cfu f oukfdi~fs fbhkhuhf xdhi FcxdČui Lod|sisxfdsh lfuh |Č jflČ flh|s bxlux$ OcfsČ bhkfb lod|sisxisČ äd xu`f fbhkhuibou }fubf`hdsfuh cid 5= `fi 699=" Fcxdfuhf Lod|sisxfdsČ f }uolhcfs bf lod|sisxiuhf Lo`i|ihi ch uhcflsfuh f }uoihlsxbxi Lod|sisxŌihi Uo`ådihi" }osuizis uhkxbf`hdsxbxi |Čx$ ]ui`xb sisbx" chdx`is ]uidli}ii khdhufbh" lx}uidch dou`h uhjhuisofuh bf |suxlsxuf xdisfuČ f |sfsxbxi" bf jou`f |f uh}xebilfdČ ch kxzhudČ`åds$ \sfsxb uo`åd h|sh lfuflshui~fs lf xd |sfs ch cuh}s" ch`olufsil şi |olifb" äd lfuh |xzhufdisfshf dfŌiodfbČ f}fuŌidh }o}ouxbxi" lfuh o hqhulisČ }uid oukfdhbh |fbh uh}uh~hdsfsizh |fx }uid uhjhuhdcx`$ Äd bhkČsxuČ lx shuisouixb" flh|sf h|sh oukfdi~fs fc`idi|sufsiz äd lo`xdh" oufşh şi nxchŌh$ Sos äd flh|s sisbx hqi|sČ ci|}o~iŌii }uid lfuh |h uhlxdofşsh şi |h kfufdshf~Č cuh}sxb }hu|ofdhbou f}fuŌidådc `idouisČŌibou dfŌiodfbh bf }Č|sufuhf" ch~zobsfuhf şi hq}ui`fuhf ichdsisČŌii bou hsdilh" lxbsxufbh" bidkzi|silh şi uhbikiof|h$ Sos äd }ui`xb sisbx |xds ci|}o~iŌii }uizisofuh bf |i`eobxuibh dfŌiodfbh !cuf}hb" ~ixf dfŌiodfbČ7 i`dxb" |sh`f şi |ikibixb)" bf bi`ef ojilifbČ äd |sfs" lfuh h|sh bi`ef uo`ådČ" şi bf lf}isfbČ" lfuh h|sh `xdili}ixb Exlxuhşsi$ Lhb ch-fb coibhf sisbx h|sh chdx`is Cuh}sxuibh" biehusČŌibh şi ädcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh$ Hb h|sh |suxlsxufs äd }fsux lf}isobh$ Sisbxb III" chdx`is FxsouisČŌibh ]xebilh" h|sh |suxlsxufs }h lf}isobh" ifu xdhbh lf}isobh fx şi |hlŌixdi$ @fi  ädsåi" |xds uhkbh`hdsČuibh }uizisofuh bf ]fubf`hds $ Flhf|sf h|sh oukfdi~fs lf xd ]fubf`hds lx |suxlsxuČ eilf`hufbČ !Lf`huf Ch}xsfŌibou şi \hdfsxb)" fbh| }uid zos xdizhu|fb" hkfb" ciuhls" |hluhs şi biehu hq}ui`fs" }hdsux xd `fdcfs ch 3 fdi$ \xds f}oi uhkbh`hdsfsh> cuh}sxuibh şi oebikfŌiibh ch}xsfŌibou şi |hdfsouibou7 }uolh|xb ch bhkijhufuh7 co`hdixb uh~huzfs bhkii oukfdilh$ 51

uhkbh`hdsČuibh }uizidc ]uhşhcidshbh Uo`ådihi " lfuh h|sh fbh|  Äd lf}isobxb II fb flh|sxi sisbx |xds lx}uid|h uhkbh`hdsČuibh }uid zos xdizhu|fb" hkfb" ciuhls" |hluhs" şi biehu hq}ui`fs" }hdsux xd `fdcfs ch 8 fdi$ \xds |sfeibish fsuiexŌiibh" idlo`}fsieibisČŌibh" i`xdisfshf şi uČ|}xdchuhf şhjxbxi ch |sfs$ Kxzhudxb h|sh uhkbh`hdsfs äd lf}isobxb III " lfuh lodŌidh dou`h }uizisofuh bf lo`}o~iŌif" ädzh|sisxuf" idlo`}fsieibisfshf" }ui`xb `idi|sux" uČ|}xdchuhf `h`euibou bf ädlhsfuhf `fdcfsxbxi" }uhlx` şi flshbh flh|sxif$ Xd lf}isob f}fush !IZ) h|sh lod|flufs uf}ousxuibou  ]fubf`hdsxbxi lx Kxzhudxb “ oebikfŌif idjou`Čuii ]fubf`hdsxbxi" cuh}sxb }fubf`hdsfuibou ch f }xdh ädsuheČui şi ch f fcuh|f idshu}hbČui" fdkfnfuhf uČ|}xdchuii Kxzhudxbxi şi `oŌixdhf ch lhd~xuČ" chbhkfuhf bhki|bfsizČ$ Lf}isobxb Z"   Fc`idi|sufŌif }xebilČ" uhkbh`hdshf~Č fc`idi|-sufŌif }xebilČ lhdsufbČ ch |}hlifbisfsh şi fc`idi|sufŌif }xebilČ bolfbČ" oukfdhbh ch |}hlifbisfsh" jouŌhbh fu`fsh" ifu lf}isobxb ZI"  Fxsouisfshf  nxchlČsouhf|lČ" ädjČ}sxiuhf nx|siŌihi" |sfsxsxb nxchlČsouibou" id|sfdŌhbh nxchlČsouhşsi" @idi|shuxb }xebil şi |sfsxsxb }uolxuouibou şi Lod|ibixb \x}huiou fb @fki|sufsxuii$ Xd sisbx ci|sidls IZ" chdx`is Hlodo`if şi JidfdŌhbh" lx}uidch dou`h uhjhuisofuh bf hlodo`if ch }ifŌČ" bf oluosiuhf }uo}uihsČŌii" |i|sh`xb jidfdlifu" exkhsxb }xebil dfŌiodfb" i`}o~ish şi sfqh" Lxushf ch Lodsxui şi Lod|ibixb Hlodo`il şi \olifb$ Sisbxb Z" Lxushf Lod|sisxŌiodfbČ" uhkbh`hdshf~Č |suxlsxuf" lo`}hshdŌf flh|shif" dx`iuhf nxchlČsouibou  şi cxufsf `fdcfsxbxi" idlo`}fsieibisČŌibh" idch}hdchdŌf şi idf`ozieibisfshf" fsuiexŌiibh şi chli~iibh LxuŌii" lodsuobxb lod|sisxŌiodfbisČŌii$ Sisbxb ZI" Idshkufuhf HxuofsbfdsilČ" uhkbh`hdshf~Č `ocxb ch fchufuh f Uo`ådihi bf Sufsfshbh Lod|sisxsizh fbh Xdixdii Hxuo}hdh şi bf Sufsfsxb Fsbfdsilxbxi ch Douc$ Sisbxb ZII" Uhzi~xiuhf Lod|sisxŌihi" uhkbh`hdshf~Č idiŌifsizf uhzi~xiuii flh|shif" }uolhcxuf şi bi`ishbh |fbh$   Äd jidh" sisbxb ZIII" }xusådc chdx`iuhf Ci|}o~iŌii jidfbh şi sufd~isouii" lx}uidch uhkxbibh uhjhuisofuh bf idsufuhf äd zikofuh f Lod|sisxŌihi" lodjbilsxb sh`}oufb ch bhki" id|sisxŌiibh hqi|shdsh şi lhbh ziisofuh$ Suhexih }uhli~fs lČ" }hdsux f fnxdkh bf jou`f flsxfbČ" Lod|sisxŌif cid 6996 f jo|s uhzi~xisČ }uid Uhjhuhdcx`xb cid doih`euih 5==<$

W}fkidibh 6;1-613P LXU\XB 1 “ Cuh}sxuibh" Cuh}sxui bh" biehusfsibh |i idcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi !6) ⇕ Dosixdhf ch cuh}sxui |i idcfsouiui jxdcf`hdsfbh ⇕ Dfsxuf nxuicilf f cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh ⇕ Lbf|ijilfuhf cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou jxdcf`hdsfbh Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 1 ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥

Chjidiuhf dosixdibou ch cuh}sxui |i idcfsouiui jxdcf`hdsfbh j xdcf`hdsfbh ]uhli~fuhf shu`idobokihi xsibi~fsh id co`hdixb cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou jxdcf`hdsfbh Dfsxuf nxuicilf f cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh F}fuisif |i hzobxsif id|sisxsihi cuh}sxuibou |i idcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh Lbf|ijilfuhf cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou jxdcf`hdsfbh

Lodlh}sh-lahih sufsfsh> Cuh}sxui jxdcf`hdsfbh “ flhbh cuh}sxui |xeihlsizh lh f}fusid lhsfshdibou Uo`fdihi" }uhzf~xsh |i kfufdsfsh ch Lod|sisxsih" h|hdsifbh }hdsux |sfsxsxb nxuicil fb flh|souf |i lfuh f|ikxuf ch}bidf fjiu`fuh id |olihsfsh |i }fusili}fuh bf zifsf }obisilf" hlodo`ilf" |olifbf |i lxbsxufbf$ 59

Idcfsouiui jxdcf`hdsfbh “ flhbh oebikfsii fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi" id|lui|h id Lod|sisxsih" lfuh |xds |olosish h|hdsifbh }hdsux ch|jf|xufuhf zihsii id |olihsfsh |i f|ikxufsh id uhfbi~fuhf bou }uid lodzidkhuh oui" bf dhzoih" }uid jousf ch lod|sufdkhuh f |sfsxbxi$ DoŌixdhf ch cuh}sxui şi ädcfsouiui jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou uo`ådi ]uid cuh}s" |olihsfshf uhlxdofşsh" oluoshşsh şi kfufdshf~Č exdxuibh" idshuh|hbh bhkisi`h şi fbsh zfboui fbh idcizicxbxi" lobhlsizisČŌii şi |olihsČŌii" f|ikxuådc uh|}hlsfuhf oebikfŌiibou dhlh|fuh ädjČ}sxiuii flh|souf$ Cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh o`xbxi şi lhsČŌhfdxbxi |xds dx dx`fi o uhfbisfsh" li şi jidfbisfshf  ädsuhkii flsizisČŌi x`fdh" eidhädŌhbh|" f lhbhi }uokuh|i|sh şi ch`olufsilh$ Chjidiuhf cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou !f biehusČŌibou lhsČŌhdhşsi |fx biehusČŌibou }xebilh" lx` `fi |xds hbh ch|houi dx`ish) f }uholx}fs şi }uholx}Č idshd| bishufsxuf nxuicilČ$ ]hdsux chjidiuhf bou suhexih |Č bxČ` äd lod|ichufŌih lČ flh|shf> f) |xds cuh}sxui |xeihlsizh7 e) |xds cuh}sxui h|hdŌifbh }hdsux lhsČŌhdi7 l) cfsouisČ i`}ousfdŌhi bou" |xds äd|lui|h äd flsh cho|heish" lx` fu ji chlbfufŌii ch cuh}sxui" bhki jxdcf`hdsfbh !lod|sisxŌii)$ Cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh |xds cuh}sxui |xeihlsizh" hbh jiidc äd xbsi`Č id|sfdŌČ jflxbsČŌi fbh |xeihlshbou  uf}ousxuibou nxuicilh ch f flŌiodf ädsu-xd fdx`is jhb |fx ch f lhuh lhbxibfbs |fx lhboubfbsh |xeihlsh o fsisxcidh louh|}xd~Čsofuh şi ch f ehdhjilif ch }uoshlŌif şi |}uinidxb |sfsxbxi äd uhfbi~fuhf }uhshdŌiibou  bhkisi`h$ Cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh |xds cuh}sxui h|hdŌifbh }hdsux lhsČŌhdi$ Flhf|sf h|sh lhf `fi i`}ousfdsČ suČ|ČsxuČ f bou$ CflČ cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh |xds cuh}sxuibh |xeihlsizh" lhhf lh bh cho|hehşsh ch flh|shf h|sh sol`fi flhf|sČ suČ|ČsxuČ$ Hf hq}bilČ ch lh cid |jhuf cuh}sxuibou |xeihlsizh dx`fi xd fdx`is dx`Ču ch cuh}sxui |xds jxdcf`hdsfbh" äd|lui|h" lf fsfuh" äd lod|sisxŌih$ Ch|houi" cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh |xds chjidish lf flhbh cuh}sxui lod|flufsh ch lod|sisxŌih şi lfuh |xds chshu`idfdsh }hdsux |sfsxsxb nxuicil fb lhsČŌhfdxbxi$ Cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh }os ji hq}bilfsh dx`fi äd idshuch}hdchdŌf bou lx lhbhbfbsh jhdo`hdh şi  ädcho|hei lx uhfbisČŌibh hlodo`ilh" |olifbh şi }obisilh lodluhsh cid jihlfuh ŌfuČ$ Nxui|sxb jufdlh~ Khoukh| Exuchfx floucČ o `fuh fshdŌih cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh" }h lfuh bh chdx`hşsh biehusČŌi }xebilh$   Äd fbsh o}idii !Sxcou Cufkfdx)" }uid doŌixdhf ch cuh}sxui jxdcf`hdsfbh lhsČŌhdhşsi |h ch|h`dhf~Č flhbh cuh}sxui fbh lhsČŌhdibou lfuh" jiidc h|hdŌifbh }hdsux ch~zobsfuhf `fshuifbČ şi idshbhlsxfbČ f flh|souf" }uhlx` şi }hdsux f|ikxufuhf }fusili}Čuii bou flsizh bf lodcxlhuhf |sfsxbxi" |xds kfufdsfsh ch   äd|Čşi lod|sisxŌif ŌČuii" fsås }uid `Č|xui ch oucid nxuicil" lås şi }uid |sfeibiuhf lodciŌiibou `fshuifbh dhlh|fuh }hdsux hqhulisfuhf bou$ ]uhli~fuhf shu`idobokihi xsibi~fsh äd co`hdixb cuh}sxuibou o`xbxi şi lhsČŌhfdxbxi h|sh xd bxlux ch lhusČ i`}ousfdŌČ" `fi fbh|" lådc }uoebh`hbh |h feouchf~Č ädsu-o `fdihuČ şsiidŌijilČ$ Zo` oe|huzf lČ |h jobo|h|l juhlzhds shu`hdii cuh}s |fx |fx biehusfsh$ F|sjhb" Lod|sisxŌif xsibi~hf~Č shu`hdxb cuh}s " fsxdli lådc lod|fluČ cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ !fus$ 55)" cuh}sxb bf f}Čufuh !fus$ 53)" cuh}sxb bf idjou`fŌih !fus$ <6)" cuh}sxb bf zos !fus$ <:) hsl$ Äd |lai`e" Lod|sisxŌif jobo|hşsh shu`hdxb biehusfsh fsxdli lådc uhkbh`hdshf~Č biehusfshf lodşsiidŌhi !fus$ 59)" biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh !fus$ <=)" biehusfshf ädsuxdiuibou !fus$ <9)$ Lx` |h hq}bilČ flhf|sČ shu`idobokih? Hqi|sČ" cid }xdls ch zhchuh nxuicil" cho|heiui ädsuh cuh}s şi biehusfsh? <=

Zo` oe|huzf lČ shu`idobokif lod|sisxŌiodfbČ" chşi f|sjhb dxfdŌfsČ" ch|h`dhf~Č o |idkxuČ lfshkouih  nxuicilČ" şi fdx`h cuh}sxb jxdcf`hdsfb$ F|sjhb zČ~xsh bxluxuibh" zo` oe|huzf lČ" nxuicilhşsh" cuh}sxb h|sh o biehusfsh" ifu biehusfshf h|sh xd cuh}s$ Dx hqi|sČ cho|heiui ch dfsxuČ nxuicilČ" |xdsh` chli äd }uh~hdŌf xdhi |idkxuh doŌixdi nxuicilh$

W}fkidibh 618-69

W}fkidibh 693-698P F}fuiŌif şi ch~zobsfuhf id|sisxŌihi cuh}sxuibou şi ädcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh äd Uo`ådif   Äd ŅČuibh Uo`ådh" ch~zobsfuhf shadilČ şi hlodo`ilČ" |olifbČ şi lxbsxufbČ" |}hlijilČ h}olii `ochudh" lådc |h }xdh }uoebh`f cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou" f jo|s `xbsČ zuh`h juådfsČ ch co`idfŌif oso`fdČ$ Feif äd |hlobxb fb QZIII-bhf" fsås äd Sufd|ibzfdif" lås şi äd @obcozf şi @xdshdif |h ch~zobsČ `fdxjflsxuibh lfuh xsibi~hf~Č `xdlf |fbfuifsČ" |h ch~zobsČ `idhuisxb" |h lod|suxih|l cux`xui şi }ocxui şi sosocfsČ f}fu juČ`ådsČui |olifbh idjbxhdŌfsh ch ichibh UhzobxŌihi jufdlh~h$ Xd `o`hds i`}ousfds äd ch~zobsfuhf id|sisxŌihi cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh äb lod|sisxih `h`ouixb idshbhlsxfbibou uo`ådi cid Sufd|ibzfdif" |xe chdx`iuhf ch \x}}bhq Biehbbx| Zfbflaoux` !6;96)" }uid lfuh |h lhuhf lf dfŌixdhf uo`ådČ |Č jih uhfşh~fsČ äd sofsh cuh}sxuibh |fbh lizibh şi }obisilh$ @işlČuibh uhzhdcilfsizh fb lČuou }uokuf` lx}uidchf uhzhdcilČui ch cuh}sxui lhsČŌhdhşsi |h ch|jČşxufx lx `fuh }xshuh şi äd ŅČuibh Uo`ådh$ \xe flh|s f|}hls |xds ch uhŌidxs UhzobxŌif bxi Sxcou Zbfci`iuh|lx şi" äd |}hlifb" ]uolbf`fŌif ch bf ]fchş !ifdxfuih 6156$ UhzobxŌif cid 6131 lod|sisxih `o`hdsxb lhb `fi i`}ousfds }hdsux uhlxdofşshuhf cuh}sxuibou  jxdcf`hdsfbh$ ]uolbf`fŌif fcuh|fsČ co`disouxbxi ch lČsuh uhzobxŌiodfuii `obcozhdi f fzxs xd lfuflshu  bi`isfs" bf jhb lf äd|Čşi uhzobxŌif7 äd Ņfuf Uo`ådhf|lČ" uhzobxŌif f jo|s `fi eidh oukfdi~fsČ" ifu `Č|xuibh }uhzČ~xsh" `fi ch`olufsilh$ ]uoebh`f cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh h|sh }uh~hdsČ şi äd @oŌixdhf ch bf Ebfn " lfuh f lod|sisxis }uokuf`xb uhzobxŌihi cid Sufd|ibzfdif$ Co`dif bxi Fbhqfdcux Iofd Lx~f f fcx| o |huih ch uhjou`h äd ]uidli}fshbh Xdish" idlbx|iz }uolbf`Čui ch cuh}sxui jxdcf`hdsfbh$ F|sjhb" Bhkhf cid 63 fxkx|s 61:: }uizidc uhjou`f fkufuČ uhlxdofşsh biehusfshf idcizicxfbČ şi biehusfshf `xdlii$ ]ui`f Lod|sisxŌih Uo`ådČ" ch bf 61::" f }uolbf`fs cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi" sofsh fzådc lf ichh lhdsufbČ kfufdsfuhf cuh}sxbxi ch }uo}uihsfsh" f }uo}uihsČŌii }uizfsh$  Äd doibh lodciŌii i|souilh" cx}Č }ui`xb uČ~eoi `odcifb şi @fuhf Xdiuh" |-f fco}sfs Lod|sisxŌif cid 695<" lfuh }uolbf`f äd `oc |obh`d bfuki cuh}sxui sxsxuou lhsČŌhdibou$ Fdxb 69<1 `fulahf~Č" äd|Č" äd ch~zobsfuhf cuh}sxuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh" ädlh}xsxb xdhi }huiofch ch cilsfsxuČ" ch ädbČsxufuh f xdou cuh}sxui" }huiofcČ lh f lodsidxfs }ådČ bf UhzobxŌif cid Chlh`euih 6919" lx sofsh lČ |-fx fco}sfs" cx}Č lhb ch-fb coibhf uČ~eoi `odcifb" suhi lod|sisxŌii" äd lfuh |-fx }uolbf`fs cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi" cfu lfuh dx hufx kfufdsfsh şi" hzichds" dx hufx uh|}hlsfsh$

W}fkidibh 698-69;P Lbf|ijilfuhf cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou jxdcf`hdsfbh Ch uhkxbČ" cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou fx jo|s }uolbf`fsh" hdx`hufsh }uid chlbfufŌii ch cuh}sxui" şi `fi fbh| }uid lod|sisxŌii" jČuČ f |h jflh äd|Č o lbf|ijilfuh f bou$ Äd bishufsxuf ch |}hlifbisfsh fx hqi|sfs äd|Č f|h`hdhf }uholx}Čui$  Äd o}idif dof|suČ" }hdsux f lbf|ijilf cuh}sxuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou" suhexih jobo|is cuh}s luishuix lodŌidxsxb cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou lhsČŌhdhşsi$  Äd uf}ous ch flh|s jf}s" }xsh` lbf|ijilf cuh}sxuibh äd xu`Čsofuhbh lfshkouii>

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IdziobfeibisČŌibh > cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ" cuh}sxb bf idshkuisfsh ji~ilČ şi }|iailČ" bf biehusfshf 6$ idcizicxfbČ" cuh}sxb bf f}Čufuh" cuh}sxb bf biehuf liulxbfŌih" cuh}sxb bf oluosiuhf zihŌii idsi`h" jf`ibifbh şi }uizfsh" }uhlx` şi idziobfeibisfshf co`ilibixbxi$ Cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh |olifb-hlodo`ilh şi lxbsxufbh > cuh}sxui uhjhuisofuh bf 5$ zifŌf |olifbČ şi `fshuifbČ f }hu|ofdhbou" äd |suåd|Č bhkČsxuČ lx cuh}sxuibh }uizidc hcxlfŌif" şi fdx`h> cuh}sxb bf ädzČŌČsxuČ" flh|xb bf lxbsxuf" bf oluosiuhf |ČdČsČŌii" cuh}sxb bf `hcix |fdfso|" cuh}sxb bf `xdlČ şi }uoshlŌif |olifbČ f `xdlii" cuh}sxb bf kuhzČ" cuh}sxb bf }uo}uihsfsh" cuh}sxb bf `oşshdiuh" biehusfshf hlodo`ilf" cuh}sxb bf f|ikxufuhf xdxi dizhb ch sufi chlhds" cuh}sxb bf lČ|Čsouih" cuh}sxb lo}iibou şi sidhuibou bf }uoshlŌih şi f|i|shdŌČ" }uhlx` şi cuh}sxb bf }uoshlŌih |}hlifbČ fb }hu|ofdhbou lx afdcilf}$ Cuh}sxui hqlbx|izh }obisilh > cuh}sxb ch f fbhkh şi cuh}sxb ch f ji fbh|" cuh}sxb ch f <$ ji fbh| id ]fubf`hdsxb Hxuo}hfd$ 3$ Cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi |olifb-}obisilh > biehusfshf lodşsiidŌhi" biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh" cuh}sxb bf idjou`fŌih" biehusfshf ädsuxdiuibou" cuh}sxb bf f|olihuh" |hluhsxb louh|}odchdŌhi$ Cuh}sxui kfufdŌii> cuh}sxb ch }hsiŌiodfuh" cuh}sxb }hu|ofdhi zČsČ`fsh ch lČsuh o 8$ fxsouisfsh }xebilČ$ W}fkidibh 69;-691P

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LXU\XB 9 “ Cuh}sxuibh" Cuh}sxui bh" biehusfsibh |i idcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi !5) ⇕ ]uidli}iibh lod|sisxsiodfbh f}bilfeibh cuh}sxuibou" biehusfsibou |i idcfsouiuibou  jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 9 Lxdof|shuhf uhkxbibou jxdcf`hdsfbh f}bilfeibh sxsxsou cuh}sxuibou" biehusfsibou |i idcfsouiuibou  jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou  Lodlh}sh-lahih sufsfsh> ‥

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]uidli}iibh lod|sisxsiodfbh f}bilfeibh cuh}sxuibou" biehusfsibou |i idcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh Hqi|sČ fdx`ish uhkxbi jxdcf`hdsfbh f}bilfeibh sxsxuou cuh}sxuibou" biehusČŌibou şi ädcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou$ Flh|shf uh~xbsČ cid Lf}isobxb I fb sisbxbxi II fb Lod|sisxŌihi !fus$ 68-56)" jih cid louoeoufuhf ci|}o~iŌiibou cid flh|s lf}isob lx ci|}o~iŌii cid fbsh sisbxui |fx lf}isobh" jih cid fbsh fusilobh" }uhlx` fus$ 39$ Xdizhu|fbisfshf cuh}sxuibou" biehusČŌibou şi ädcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh ädcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh 6$ Xdizhu|fbisfshf H|sh ädchoeşsh fc`i| şi uhlxdo|lxs lČ cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh |xds xdizhu|fbh şi idcizi~ieibh$ Xdizhu|fbisfshf cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou |h uhjhuČ fsås bf |jhuf }uo}uix-~i|Č f cuh}sxuibou" lås şi bf sisxbfuii flh|souf$ \xe }ui`xb f|}hls" hf hq}ui`Č zolfŌif o`xbxi" f lhsČŌhfdxbxi }h }bfdxb uhfbisČŌibou nxuicilh idshudh fbh jihlČuhi ŌČui" }hdsux sofsh cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh$ \xe lhb ch-fb coibhf f|}hls" xdizhu|fbisfshf hq}ui`Č ichhf lČ soŌi lhsČŌhdii xdxi |sfs |h }os exlxuf ch flh|sh cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi$ Xdizhu|fbisfshf cuh}sxuibou i`}bilČ şi xdizhu|fbisfshf ädcfsouiuibou$ H|sh" ch fbsjhb" äd jiuh|lxb zihŌii lf lhsČŌhfdxb |Č fieČ fsås cuh}sxui" lås şi oebikfŌii jfŌČ ch |h`hdii |Či şi jfŌČ ch |olihsfsh$ Flhf|sČ uhkxbČ h|sh hq}bilis jou`xbfsČ şi äd lhbh coxČ ]flsh idshudfŌiodfbh }uizisofuh bf cuh}sxuibh o`xbxi$ Flh|s }uidli}ix hq}ui`Č }h jodc bhkČsxuf idci|obxeibČ cidsuh cuh}sxui" biehusČŌi şi ädcfsouiui" idshulodciŌiodfuhf bou$ Xdizhu|fbisfshf" f|sjhb lx` h|sh lodlh}xsČ }uid fus$ 68 cid Lod|sisxŌih" }uizhşsh cuh}sxuibh" biehusČŌibh şi  ädcfsouiuibh" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch jf}sxb uhkbh`hdsČuii bou }uid laifu shqsxb Lod|sisxŌihi |fx }uid fbsh bhki$ Dhuhsuoflsizisfshf bhkii  5$ Dhuhsuoflsizisfshf Lod|sisxŌif lod|fluČ" äd fbid$ 5 fb fus$ 68" xd }uidli}ix ch cuh}s ch idlodsh|sfeibČ sufciŌih" flsxfbisfsh şi   nx|siŌih" şi fdx`h dhuhsuoflsizisfshf bhkii$ H|sh" jČuČ ädcoifbČ" uhlxdo|lxs lČ o bhkh" ocfsČ fco}sfsČ" }uocxlh şi suhexih |Č }uocxlČ hjhlsh nxuicilh dx`fi }hdsux ziisou$ H|sh fe|xuc |Č |h }uhsidcČ xdxi o`"  äd khdhufb xdxi |xeihls ch cuh}s |Č uČ|}xdcČ }hdsux o lodcxisČ }h lfuh f fzxs-o fdshuiou idsuČuii äd zikofuh f xdhi bhki lfuh uhkbh`hdshf~Č flhf|sČ lodcxisČ$ \xeihlsxb ch cuh}s dx }xshf |Č }uhzfcČ lh zf uhkbh`hdsf bhkixisouxb" ifu lo`}ousf`hdsxb |Čx h|sh dou`fb şi jiuh|l cflČ |h ch|jČşofuČ äd lfcuxb oucidii ch cuh}s äd zikofuh$ ]uidli}ixb dhuhsuoflsizisČŌii bhkii h|sh hq}uh| jou`xbfs äd Locxb Lizib fus$ 6" äd <3

|hd|xb lČ —bhkhf ci|}xdh dx`fi }hdsux ziisou" hf dx fuh }xshuh uhsuoflsizČ‐" şi äd Locxb ]hdfb" äd fus$ 66"  äd |hd|xb lČ —bhkhf }hdfbČ dx |h f}bilČ jf}shbou lfuh" bf cfsf lådc fx jo|s |Čzåuşish" dx hufx }uhzČ~xsh lf idjuflŌixdi‐$ JfŌČ ch }uidli}ixb }osuizis lČuxif bhkhf }uocxlh hjhlsh nxuicilh dx`fi }hdsux ziisou" |-fx i`}x| äd }uflsilf nxuicilČ" şi ch|ikxu äd bhki|bfŌih" coxČ `fui hqlh}Ōii" şi fdx`h lhf }uizidc f}bilfuhf bhkii }hdfbh `fi ebådch şi lhf }uizidc bhkibh idshu}uhsfsizh$ Fbidhfsxb 5 fb fus$ 68 }uhzhch dx`fi hqlh}Ōif bhkii }hdfbh `fi jfzoufeibh$ LhfbfbsČ i}osh~Č uČ`ådh zfbfeibČ" hf jiidc äd|Č bf ci|}o~iŌif fxsouisČŌii |sfsfbh" lČuhif äi uhzidh fsuiexŌif idshu}uhsČuii khdhufb-oebikfsouii f bhkibou$ lhsČŌhdibou  <$ Hkfbisfshf äd cuh}sxui f lhsČŌhdibou  Hkfbisfshf äd cuh}sxui f lhsČŌhdibou h|sh }uidli}ixb lod|sisxŌiodfb }osuizis lČuxif lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch uf|Č" dfŌiodfbisfsh" ouikidh hsdilČ" bi`eČ" uhbikih" |hq" o}idih |fx f}fushdhdŌČ }obisilČ" fzhuh |fx ouikidh |olifbČ" |h }os jobo|i" äd `oc hkfb" ch sofsh cuh}sxuibh }uhzČ~xsh äd Lod|sisxŌih şi bhki" }os }fusili}f äd hkfbČ `Č|xuČ bf zifŌf }obisilČ" hlodo`ilČ" |olifbČ şi lxbsxufbČ" jČuČ }uizibhkii şi jČuČ ci|lui`idČui" |xds sufsfŌi äd `oc hkfb fsås ch lČsuh fxsouisČŌibh }xebilh" lås şi ch lhibfbŌi lhsČŌhdi$ Flh|s }uidli}ix h|sh lod|flufs }uid fus$ 6: !6 şi 5)" }uhlx` şi }uid fus$ 3 !5) cid Lod|sisxŌih$ CflČ hqf`idČ` lodŌidxsxb flh|sxi }uidli}ix" }xsh` ichdsijilf suhi f|}hlsh> f$ Hkfbisfshf äd cuh}sxui f jh`hibou lx eČuefŌii hq}ui`Č uhfbisfshf lČ jh`hibh uh}uh~idsČ  nx`Čsfsh cid }o}xbfŌif ŌČuii şi lČ äd sofsh ä`}bidiuibh `fshuifbh şi |}iuisxfbh h|sh ädlou}oufsČ şi `xdlf bou$ e$ Hkfbisfshf äd cuh}sxui f lhsČŌhdibou" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch uf|Č" dfŌiodfbisfsh |fx ouikidh hsdilČ" bi`eČ" fzhuh |fx ouikidh |olifbČ" hq}ui`Č bf dizhbxb flh|shi id|sisxŌii nxuicilh" äd }uidli}fb" uhfbisfshf lČ }h shuisouixb Uo`ådihi" äd chlxu|xb ch~zobsČuii i|souilh" |-fx fşh~fs" fx bolxis" fx `xdlis şi fx bx}sfs los bf los lx uo`ådii şi lhsČŌhdii ch fbsČ dfŌiodfbisfsh !`idouisČŌi dfŌiodfbh)" }uhlx` `fkaifui" uo`i" khu`fdi" |åuei" sxuli" hzuhi" fu`hdi hsl$ Äd xdisfsh lx uo`ådii" flhşsi lhsČŌhdi fx bx}sfs }hdsux cuh}sfsh |olifbČ" }hdsux biehusfsh şi ch`olufŌih" }hdsux lxlhuiuhf şi f}Čufuhf idch}hdchdŌhi şi |xzhufdisČŌii Uo`ådihi$ SoŌi flhşsi lhsČŌhdi |h exlxuČ äd `oc hkfb lx uo`ådii ch sofsh cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh şi äşi f|x`Č" sos äd `oc hkfb" ädcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh$ ]osuizis fus$ : !6) cid Lod|sisxŌih" |sfsxb uhlxdofşsh şi kfufdshf~Č }hu|ofdhbou f}fuŌidådc `idouisČŌibou dfŌiodfbh cuh}sxb bf }Č|sufuhf" bf ch~zobsfuhf şi bf hq}ui`fuhf ichdsisČŌibou hsdilh" lxbsxufbh" bidkzi|silh şi uhbikiof|h$ l$ Hkfbisfshf äd cuh}sxui f lhsČŌhdibou" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch uhbikih" o}idih |fx f}fushdhdŌČ }obisilČ" h|sh ch jf}s o }uhbxdkiuh f lhboubfbsh coxČ f|}hlsh `fi ädfidsh hq}bilfsh" fili xu`Čuidcx-|h lf o}Ōixdibh }obisilh |fx uhbikiof|h fbh of`hdibou |Č dx jih |}hlxbfsh äd |hd|xb ci|lui`idČuii äd cuh}sxui$ JxdlŌiibh şi ch`disČŌibh }xebilh }os ji olx}fsh ch }hu|ofdhbh lfuh fx dx`fi lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ şi co`ilibixb äd ŌfuČ$ Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi |sfeibhşsh }uid fus$ 6: !<) lČ jxdlŌiibh şi ch`disČŌibh }xebilh" lizibh |fx `ibisfuh" }os ji olx}fsh ch }hu|ofdhbh lfuh fx dx`fi lhsČŌhdih uo`ådČ şi co`ilibixb äd ŌfuČ$  Äd jidh" lodciŌif ch co`ilibihuh }h shuisouixb ŌČuii h|sh şi hf o lodciŌih jiuhf|lČ$ Hf |h }uflsilČ äd `fi sofsh |i|sh`hbh lod|si-sxŌiodfbh" co`ilibixb jiidc" fbČsxui ch lhsČŌhdih" o kfufdŌih f fsfşf-`hdsxbxi }hu|ofdhi jfŌČ ch Ōfuf bf kxzhudfuhf lČuhif }fusili}Č lf ch`disfu |fx lf jxdlŌiodfu }xebil$ 3$ ]uoshlŌif lhsČŌhdibou uo`ådi äd |suČidČsfsh şi oebikfŌiibh bou  Flh|s }uidli}ix h|sh }uhzČ~xs äd fus$ 6; cid Lod|sisxŌih$ Hb hq}ui`Č jf}sxb lČ lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ h|sh bhkČsxuf }obisilČ şi nxuicilČ cidsuh lhsČŌhfd şi |sfs" lfuh" }uid hjhlshbh |fbh" chshu`idČ |sfsxsxb nxuicil fb }hu|ofdhi" ouixdch |-fu fjbf hf" fsås äd idshuiouxb" lås şi äd fjfuf juodsihuhbou$ Äd sh`hixb flh|shif" lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi lfuh |h fjbČ äd |suČidČsfsh fx cuh}sxb |Č f}hbh~h bf }uoshlŌif fxsouisČŌibou uo`ådh" ifu flh|shf fx <8

oebikfŌif lod|sisxŌiodfbČ ch f bh floucf }uoshlŌif dhlh|fuČ$ Exlxuådcx-|h ch }uoshlŌif |sfsxbxi uo`åd" lhsČŌhfdxb uo`åd lfuh |h fjbČ äd fjfuf juodsihuhbou suhexih |Č-şi ädch}bidhf|lČ oebikfŌiibh lh-i uhzid }osuizis Lod|sisxŌihi şi bhkibou Uo`ådihi$ 8$ LhsČŌhdii |suČidi şi f}fsui~ii |h exlxuČ äd Uo`ådif ch }uoshlŌih nxuicilČ$ Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi lx}uidch şi xdhbh uhkbh`hdsČui }uizidc |suČidii şi f}fsui~ii }h shuisouixb Uo`ådihi$ F|sjhb" äd fus$ 61 |h fufsČ> LhsČŌhdii şi f}fsui~ii lfuh bolxih|l äd Uo`ådif |h exlxuČ ch }uoshlŌif khdhufbČ f }hu|ofdhbou şi f fzhuibou" kfufdsfsČ ch lod|sisxŌih şi ch fbsh bhki$ Cuh}sxb ch f~ib |h floucČ şi |h uhsufkh äd lodciŌiibh bhkii" lx uh|}hlsfuhf sufsfshbou şi lodzhdŌiibou  idshudfŌiodfbh bf lfuh Uo`ådif h|sh }fush$  Äd uhkbh`hdsfuhf lod|sisxŌiodfbČ f |sfsxsxbxi |suČidibou şi f}fsui~ibou cid Uo`ådif |h fx äd zhchuh> f) |suČidii şi f}fsui~ii" äd lfbisfshf bou ch of`hdi" fx fdx`ish cuh}sxui dfsxufbh" idfbihdfeibh şi i`}uh|lui}sieibh !bf zifŌČ" bf ch`disfsh" bf biehusfsh" bf lodşsiidŌČ)7 e) cid }xdls ch zhchuh |suils nxuicil" fdx`ish cuh}sxui }os f}fuŌidh dx`fi lhsČŌhdibou uo`ådi" lfuh" }uid lhsČŌhdih" |xds fsfşfŌi ch|sidhbou |sfsxbxi uo`åd$7 l) äd fjfuf cuh}sxuibou dfsxufbh" lfuh f}fuŌid ouilČuhi jiidŌh x`fdh" x`fdh" äd lfbisfshf |f ch o`" hqi|sČ şi fbsh cuh}sxui |xeihlsizh f lČuou coeådciuh şi hqhulisfuh bhkhf dx o lodciŌiodhf~Č ch lfbisfshf ch lhsČŌhfd$ hq}xb~fŌiŌi cid Uo`ådif$ :$ LhsČŌhdii uo`ådi dx }os ji hqsuČcfŌi |fx hq}xb~f Lod|sisxŌif" }uid fus$ 69" |sfeibhşsh lČ> lhsČŌhfdxb uo`åd dx }ofsh ji hqsuČcfs |fx hq}xb~fs cid Uo`ådif7 lhsČŌhdii |suČidi şi f}fsui~ii }os ji hqsuČcfŌi dx`fi }h ef~f xdhi lodzhdŌii idshudfŌiodfbh |fx äd lodciŌii ch uhli}uolisfsh7 }uid chuokfuh ch bf }uhzhchuibh fbidhfsxbxi !6)" lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi }os ji hqsuČcfŌi äd ef~f lodzhdŌiibou idshudfŌiodfbh bf lfuh Uo`ådif h|sh }fush" äd lodciŌiibh bhkii şi }h ef~Č ch uhli}uolisfsh7 hq}xb~fuhf |fx hqsuČcfuhf |h aosČuČşsh ch lČsuh nx|siŌih$ HqsuČcfuhf şi hq}xb~fuhf |xds coxČ `Č|xui jofush kufzh lfuh }uizh|l }uid hqlhbhdŌČ biehusfshf idcizicxfbČ şi cuh}sxb bf biehuČ liulxbfŌih$ Hq}xb~fuhf |fx hqsuČcfuhf }uo}uixbxi lhsČŌhfd fu ji o `Č|xuČ lodsufuČ bhkČsxuii ch lhsČŌhdih" lfuh i`}bilČ oebikfŌif ch }uoshlŌih }h lfuh |sfsxb suhexih |Č o f|ikxuh sxsxuou  lhsČŌhdibou |Či$ Äd bishufsxuf nxuicilČ |h `hdŌiodhf~Č xd |idkxu lf~ äd lfuh flhf|sČ uhkxbČ" xdizhu|fbČ f~i" dx h|sh f}bilfeibČ" şi fdx`h ädsuh Fdkbif şi \sfshbh Xdish fbh F`huilii" ädsuh lfuh hqsuČcfuhf }uo}uiibou lhsČŌhdi h|sh fc`i|Č$ Flh|s lf~" lzf|i|idkxbfu" h|sh ch|ikxu hq}bilfeib }uid i|souif şi bhkČsxuibh |olifbh şi }obisilh cho|heish cidsuh lhbh coxČ |sfsh7 }os ji hqsuČcfŌi |fx hq}xb~fŌi dx`fi lhsČŌhdii |suČidi şi f}fsui~i$ idshudfŌiodfbh ;$ ]uiouisfshf uhkbh`hdsČuibou idshudfŌiodfbh Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi" }uid fus$ 5=" |sfeibhşsh xd }uidli}ix ch idlodsh|sfeibČ flsxfbisfsh şi lfuh hq}ui`Č  ädsu-o zi~ixdh `ochudČ louhbfŌif cidsuh cuh}sxb idshudfŌiodfb şi cuh}sxb idshud" lx f}bilfŌif |f |}hlijilČ äd co`hdixb cuh}sxuibou lod|sisxŌiodfbh$  Äd Lod|sisxŌih h|sh do`idfbi~fsČ ChlbfufŌif Xdizhu|fbČ f Cuh}sxuibou O`xbxi " fco}sfsČ bf 6= chlh`euih 6931" ifu äd lh }uizhşsh lhbhbfbsh colx`hdsh idshudfŌiodfbh" |h zouehşsh ch }flsh şi sufsfsh" chşi" ädsu-o zi~ixdh bfukČ" şsiidŌijilČ" }flshbh |xds sufsfsh$ Äd ichhf ch f |h `fulf fsfşf`hdsxb şi uh|}hlsxb jfŌČ ch lhbh coxČ }flsh" şi fdx`h ]flsxb IdshudfŌiodfb uhbfsiz bf cuh}sxuibh hlodo`ilh" |olifbh şi lxbsxufbh şi ]flsxb uhbfsiz bf cuh}sxuibh lizibh şi }obisilh !fco}sfsh şi ch|lai|h |h`dČuii" ufsijilČuii şi fch~ixdii bf 6 <:

chlh`euih 69::" ufsijilfsh ch lČsuh Uo`ådif äd 69;3 şi idsufsh äd zikofuh bf < ifdxfuih 69;: şi" uh|}hlsiz" 5< `fusih 69;:)" äd shqsxb fusilobxbxi 5= |-f `hdŌiodfs şi lxzådsxb  }flshbh$ Lhf ch-f coxf uhkxbČ floucČ }uiouisfsh uhkbh`hdsČuibou idshudfŌiodfbh" ch|ikxu" lhbou lx}uid|h äd sufsfshbh ufsijilfsh ch Uo`ådif" äd |isxfŌif äd lfuh |-fu izi fdx`ish dh}osuiziui" lodjbilsh" dhlodloucfdŌh  ädsuh hbh şi uhkbh`hdsČuibh idshudh$ Uhkxbf |x}uh`fŌihi colx`hdshbou idshudfŌiodfbh fuh äd|Č şi o bi`isČ" ifu flhf|sČ bi`isČ |h uhjhuČ bf lås ch jfzoufeibh |xds ci|}o~iŌiibh lod|sisxŌiodfbh äd lo`}fufŌih lx lhbh fbh sufsfshbou$ 1$ Fllh|xb biehu bf nx|siŌih Fus$ 56 cid Lod|sisxŌih }uhzhch äd }ui`xb fbidhfs> —Ouilh }hu|ofdČ |h }ofsh fcuh|f nx|siŌihi }hdsux f}Čufuhf cuh}sxuibou" f biehusČŌibou şi f idshuh|hbou |fbh bhkisi`h‐$  Äd |i|sh`xb Lod|sisxŌihi Uo`ådihi" nx|siŌif f chzhdis xdf cid kfufdŌiibh hqhulisČuii hjhlsizh f cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou lhsČŌhdhşsi$ Flh|s uob |h `osizhf~Č }uid bolxb fxsouisČŌibou nxchlČsouhşsi äd |i|sh`xb }xshuibou  |sfsfbh şi }uid jxdlŌiibh bou$ Nx|siŌif |h ädjČ}sxihşsh" äd dx`hbh bhkii" ch lČsuh nxchlČsoui" lfuh |xds idch}hdchdŌi şi |h |x}xd dx`fi bhkii$ ]osuizis flh|sxi }uidli}ix" ouilidh fuh fllh| bf nx|siŌih> lhsČŌhfd uo`åd" lhsČŌhfd |suČid |fx f}fsuic$ ]uidli}ixb `hdŌiodfs }hu`ish fllh|xb bf nx|siŌih }hdsux f}Čufuhf ouilČuxi cuh}s |fx ouilČuhi biehusČŌi şi f ouilČuxi idshuh| bhkisi`" jČuČ cho|heiuh cflČ flh|shf uh~xbsČ cid Lod|sisxŌih |fx cid fbsh bhki !fus$ 56" fbid$ 6)$ ]o|ieibisfshf |h|i~Čuii nx|siŌihi }hdsux f}Čufuhf cuh}sxuibou" biehusČŌibou şi f idshuh|hbou bhkisi`h |h }ofsh uhfbi~f jih }h lfbhf flŌixdii ciuhlsh" jih }h ouilh fbsČ lfbh }uolhcxufbČ" idlbx|iz }h lfbhf hqlh}Ōihi ch dhlod|sisxŌiodfbisfsh `hdŌiodfsČ ch lČsuh fus$ 633 bis$ l cid Lod|sisxŌih$ Suhexih |Č fcČxkČ` lČ" fllh|xb biehu bf nx|siŌih jiidc kfufdsfs laifu }uid Lod|sisxŌih" }uhli~fuhf cid fus$ 56 !5) cid Lod|sisxŌih äd |hd|xb lČ dili o bhkh dx }ofsh ädkuČci hqhulisfuhf flh|sxi cuh}s h|sh jiuhf|lČ$ 9$ Lfuflshuxb ch hqlh}Ōih fb uh|suådkhuii hqhuliŌixbxi xdou cuh}sxui |fx fb xdou biehusČŌi  ChlbfufŌif Xdizhu|fbČ f Cuh}sxuibou O`xbxi " lhbh coxČ ]flsh idshudfŌiodfbh }uizisofuh bf cuh}sxuibh o`xbxi " fbsh colx`hdsh nxuicilh idshudfŌiodfbh fc`is hqi|shdŌf xdou bi`isČui" uh|suådkhui" äd bhkČsxuČ lx hqhuliŌixb cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou x`fdh$ Bhkisi`isfshf xdou f|sjhb ch uhkxbi lod|sČ laifu äd lodlh}sxb ch biehusfsh$ Id cuh}sxb uo`fd |h |}xdhf fbshux` dod bfhchuh" lhhf lh äd|hf`dČ lČ ouilidh" suČidc odh|s şi cådc jihlČuxif lh i |h lxzidh" äşi }xshf hqhulisf cuh}sxuibh }ådČ bf bi`isf bf lfuh fu ji cČxdfs fbsxif$ Ch f|h`hdhf" cid lhbh coxČ ]flsh idshudfŌiodfbh uh~xbsČ" }hdsux bhki|bfŌiibh idshudh" }o|ieibisfshf bi`isČuii |fx uh|suådkhuii hqhuliŌixbxi xdou cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi$ Äd ]flsh" f|h`hdhf }uhzhchui dx |xds kux}fsh ädsuxd shqs xdil$ Hbh |h uhkČ|h|l jou`xbfsh bf fdx`ish cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi" äd jxdlŌih ch lodŌidxsxb flh|souf$ Cid hqf`idfuhf flh|sou }uhzhchui uh~xbsČ lČ bi`isČuibh şi uh|suilŌiibh |xds }o|ieibh cflČ> |xds hq}uh| }uhzČ~xsh ch bhkh7 |xds dhlh|fuh ädsu-o |olihsfsh ch`olufsilČ }hdsux f }uoshnf |hlxuisfshf dfŌiodfbČ" oucidhf }xebilČ" |ČdČsfshf |fx `oufbf }xebilČ" cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh lhboubfbŌi hsl$" |xds }uo}ouŌiodfbh lx lfx~f lfuh bh-f chshu`idfs$ Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi" uhlh}sådc flh|sh uhkbh`hdsČui idshudfŌiodfbh" jobo|hşsh xd }uolhchx |i`}bx şi hjilihds" şi fdx`h hq}ui`fuhf sxsxuou flh|souf ädsu-xd xdil fusilob$ F|sjhb" fus$ 8< }hu`ish uh|suådkhuhf hqhuliŌixbxi xdou cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi lhsČŌhdhşsi" cfu dx`fi lf hqlh}Ōih şi" ch|ikxu" dx`fi lodciŌiodfs$ ]osuizis shqsxbxi `hdŌiodfs" uh|suådkhuhf |h }ofsh ädjČ}sxi dx`fi }uid bhkh$ Fbsjhb |}x|" Lod|sisxŌif bi`ishf~Č laifu bhkhf ch uh|suådkhuh cofu bf fdx`ish |isxfŌii lbfu chjidish şi ch o idlodsh|sfeibČ i`}ousfdŌČ$ Flh|sh |isxfŌii do`idfbi~fsh ch lČsuh fus$ 8< i`}bilČ f}Čufuhf xdou zfboui |olifbh şi x`fdh lfuh }uid uobxb bou }os bhkisi`f `Č|xui ch dfsxuf lhbou `hdŌiodfsh$ Äd jidh" fus$ 8< i`}xdh ädlČ coxČ lodciŌii" lfuh ch|ikxu |xds lx`xbfsizh" şi fdx`h lf uh|suådkhuhf |Č jih }uo}ouŌiodfbČ lx |isxfŌif lfuh f chshu`idfs-o şi |Č dx fcxlČ fsidkhuh hqi|shdŌhi cuh}sxbxi |fx f biehusČŌii$ <;

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F]BILFŅII HqhuliŌii uh~obzfsh 6$ Lfuh cid }uidli}iibh hdx`hufsh `fi no| lod|ichufsi lf jfl }fush cid lfshkouif }uidli}iibou lod|sisxsiodfbh f}bilfeibh cuh}sxuibou" biehusfsibou |i idcfsouiuibou  jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi? f$) xdizhu|fbisfshf cuh}sxuibou" biehusfsibou |i idcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh e$) hkfbisfshf id cuh}sxui f lhsfshdibou uo`fdi l$) fllh|xb biehu bf nx|sisih c$) jxdlsiibh |i ch`disfsibh }xebilh }os ji olx}fsh ch }hu|ofdhbh lfuh fx dx`fi lhsfshdif uo`fdf |i co`ilibixb id sfuf h$) uh|sufdkhuhf }uo}ousiodfbf |i |xe|icifuf f hqhulisfuii cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou  jxdcf`hdsfbh F$) f" l" c" h E$) f" e" l" c L$) e" l" c" h

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5$ Jou`xbfs |i`}bx" }uid fus 8< cid Lod|sisxsih" }uidli}ixb uh|sufdkhuii hqhulisfuii xdou cuh}sxui |fx fb xdou biehusfsi" fuh sosx|i xd lodsidxs lo`}bhq" }bid ch |h`dijilfsii |i f|}hlsh nxuicilh" }uidsuh lfuh `hdsiodf`> uh|sufdkhuhf uh|sufd khuhf |h }ofsh idjf}sxi dx`fi }uid bhkh bhkhf }ofsh jflh jflh flh|s bxlux dx`fi cflf |h i`}xdh }hdsux }hdsux f}fufuhf f}fufuhf xdou zfboui |olifbh |olifbh |i x`fdh lfuh" }uid jxdlsiibh |i i`}ousfdsf bou" }os bhkisi`f `f|xuibh uh|suilsizh }hdsux lf uh|sufdkhuhf |f }ofsf }ofsf o}huf" hf suhexih suhexih |f jih dhlh|fuf idsu-o |olihsfsh ch`olufsilf hqi|shdsf xdhi xdhi }uo}ousiodfbisfsi }uo}ousiodfbisfsi idsuh `f|xuf bxfsf bxfsf |i lfx~f lfuh f chshu`idfs-o chshu`idfs-o `f|xuf suhexih f}bilfsf id `oc dhci|lui`idfsouix dhci|lui`idfsouix |i jfuf f fcxlh fsidkhuh hq|ishdshi hq|ishdshi cuh}sxbxi |fx biehusfsii

F$) f" e" l" c E$) e" l" c" h L$) f" e" l" c" h UČ|}xd| louhls>6-E7 5-L 

LXU\XB 6= “ Cuh}sxuibh" biehusfsibh |i idcfsouiuibh idc fsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi !<) ⇕ Idziobfeibisfsibh - cuh}sxb bf zifsf |i bf idshkuisfsh ji~ilf |i }|iailf <1

biehusfshf idcizicxfbf cuh}sxb bf f}fufuh cuh}sxb bf biehuf liulxbfsih cuh}sxb bf oluosiuhf zihsii idsi`h" jf`ibifbh |i }uizfsh idziobfeibisfshf co`ilibixbxi Cuh}sxuibh |i biehusfsibh |olifb-hlodo`ilh |i lxbsxufbh - cuh}sxb bf idzfsfsxuf - fllh|xb bf lxbsxuf - cuh}sxb bf oluosiuhf |fdfsfsii - cuh}sxb bf `hcix |fdfso| - cuh}sxb bf `xdlf |i bf }uoshlsif |olifbf f `xdlii - cuh}sxb bf kuhzf - cuh}sxb ch }uo}uihsfsh - cuh}sxb ch `o|shdiuh - biehusfshf hlodo`ilf c hlhds - cuh}sxb bf xd dizhb ch sufi chlhds - jf`ibif } uoshlsih |i f|i|shdsf - cuh}sxb lo}iibou |i sidhuibou bf }uoshlsih - }uoshlsif }hu|ofdhbou lx afdcilf} -

⇕

Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 6= ‥ ‥

Lxdof|shuhf cuh}sxuibou lh fblfsxih|l idziobfeibisfsibh Lxdof|shuhf cuh}sxuibou cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou b iehusfsibou |olifb-hlodo`ilh |i lxbsxufbh

Lodlh}sh-lahih sufsfsh> Idziobfeibisfsibh “ flhbh cuh}sxui |i biehusfsi lfuh" }uid lodsidxsxb bou" f|ikxuf zifsf" }o|ieibisfshf ch `i|lfuh biehuf" |ikxufdsf ji~ilf |i }|iailf" }uhlx` |i |ikxufdsf co`ilibixbxi }hu|ofdhi ji~ilh$ Cuh}sxuibh |i biehusfsibh |olifb-hlodo`ilh |i lxbsxufbh “ flhbh cuh}sxui |i biehusfsi lfuh" }uid lodsidxsxb bou" f|ikxuf lodcisiibh |olifbh |i `fshuifbh ch zifsf" hcxlfsif |i }o|ieibisfshf }uoshlsihi flh|souf$ IdziobfeibisČŌibh 6$ Cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ şi bf idshkuisfsh ji~ilČ ji~ilČ şi }|iailČ

Flh|sh cuh}sxui |xds uhkbh`hdsfsh ch lČsuh Lod|sisxŌih äd flhbfşi fusilob" şi fdx`h fus$ 55$ Cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ h|sh äd|lui| }uidsuh cuh}sxuibh h|hdŌifbh fbh jiidŌhi x`fdh" äd ChlbfufŌif Xdizhu|fbČ f Cuh}sxuibou  O`xbxi " chlbfufŌih }uhbxfsČ äd lod|sisxŌiibh lhbou `fi `xbsh |sfsh$ Cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ h|sh lhb `fi dfsxufb cuh}s fb o`xbxi$ ChlbfufŌif Xdizhu|fbČ f Cuh}sxuibou O`xbxi  |sfeibhşsh äd fus$ < lČ —Ouilh o` fuh cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ biehusfsh şi bf idziobfeibisfshf }hu|ofdhi‐$ LodzhdŌif hxuo}hfdČ }hdsux }uoshlŌif cuh}sxuibou o`xbxi şi f biehusČŌibou jxdcf`hdsfbh lod|fluČ äd fus$ 5 lČ —Cuh}sxb ouilČuhi }hu|ofdh bf zifŌČ h|sh }uoshnfs }uid bhkh$ @ofushf dx }ofsh ji f}bilfsČ äd `oc idshdŌiodfs" chlås äd hqhlxsfuhf xdhi |hdsidŌh lf}isfbh }uodxdŌfsh ch lČsuh xd suiexdfb äd lf~xb äd lfuh idjuflŌixdhf h|sh |fdlŌiodfsČ ch bhkh lx flhf|sČ }hchf}|Č‐" ifu  ]flsxb }uizisou bf cuh}sxuibh lizibh şi   }obisilh |sfeibhşsh" äd fus$ : }ls$ 6" lČ —Cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ h|sh idhuhds }hu|ofdhi x`fdh$ Flh|s cuh}s suhexih oluosis }uid bhkh$ Di`hdi dx }ofsh ji }uizfs ch zifŌf |f äd `oc fueisufu‐$  Ädsu-o `fdihuČ f|h`ČdČsofuh lx cuh}sxb bf zifŌČ" cuh}sxb bf idshkuisfshf ji~ilČ h|sh lbfu chjidis }uid laifu  jou`xbfuhf lod|sisxŌiodfbČ$ Cuh}sxb bf idshkuisfsh ji~ilČ şi }|iailČ f jo|s id|}iufs" ch f|h`hdhf" ch ChlbfufŌif Xdizhu|fbČ" lfuh" äd fus$ 8" }uolbf`Č lČ —di`hdi dx zf ji |x}x| bf sousxuČ" dili bf }hch}|h |fx sufsf`hdsh luxch idx`fdh |fx chkufcfdsh‐$ <9

Cuh}sxb bf idshkuisfsh }|iailČ h|sh oluosis şi lod|ichufs ch zfbofuh lod|sisxŌiodfbČ" o`xb jiidc lodlh}xs “ |xe f|}hls nxuicil “ lf xd lo`}bhq ch hbh`hdsh äd lfuh }|iailxb şi ji~ilxb dx }os ji ch|}ČuŌish$ @xsibfuhf xdhif |fx fbshif cidsuh idshkuisČŌi h|sh lodsufuČ cuh}sxuibou x`fdh$ Uh|}hlsxb zihŌii" idshkuisČŌii ji~ilh şi idshkuisČŌii }|iailh hq}bilČ äd `oc jiuh|l idshu~ilhuhf sousxuii" f }hch}|hbou |fx sufsf`hdshbou idx`fdh oui chkufcfdsh" lhhf lh jflh äd `oc hq}uh| fus$ 55 !5)$ Cuh}sxuibh }uhzČ~xsh äd fus$ 55 |xds oluosish ch Lod|sisxŌih jfŌČ j fŌČ ch sofsh |xeihlshbh ch cuh}s" chli fsås jfŌČ ch fxsouisČŌibh }xebilh" lås şi jfŌČ ch lhsČŌhdi$ 5$ Biehusfshf idcizicxfbČ

Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi uhkbh`hdshf~Č biehusfshf idcizicxfbČ äd fus$ 5<" xd fusilob lx xd lodŌidxs lo`}bhq$ F|sjhb" |h }uhli~hf~Č> —Biehusfshf idcizicxfbČ şi |ikxufdŌf }hu|ofdhi |xds idziobfeibh$ ]hulah~iŌiodfuhf" uhŌidhuhf |fx fuh|sfuhf xdhi }hu|ofdh |xds }hu`i|h dx`fi äd lf~xuibh şi lx }uolhcxuf }uhzČ~xsh ch bhkh$ UhŌidhuhf dx }ofsh ch}Čşi 53 ch ouh$ Fuh|sfuhf }uhzhdsizČ |h ci|}xdh ch nxchlČsou şi dx`fi äd lxu|xb }uolh|xbxi }hdfb$ Äd lxu|xb xu`Čuiuii }hdfbh fuh|sfuhf }uhzhdsizČ |h }ofsh ci|}xdh }hdsux lhb `xbs <= ch ~ibh şi |h }ofsh }uhbxdki lx låsh lhb `xbs <= ch ~ibh" jČuČ lf cxufsf sosfbČ |Č ch}Čşhf|lČ xd shu`hd uh~odfeib" şi dx `fi `xbs ch 61= ch ~ibh$ Äd jf~f ch nxchlfsČ" id|sfdŌf h|sh oebikfsČ" äd lodciŌiibh bhkii" |Č zhuijilh }huiocil" şi dx `fi såu~ix ch := ch ~ibh" bhkfbisfshf şi sh`hidilif fuh|sČuii }uhzhdsizh şi |Č ci|}xdČ" ch ädcfsČ" }xdhuhf äd biehusfsh f idlxb}fsxbxi" cflČ sh`hixuibh lfuh fx chshu`idfs fuh|sfuhf }uhzhdsizČ fx ädlhsfs |fx cflČ id|sfdŌf lod|sfsČ lČ dx hqi|sČ sh`hixui doi lfuh |Č nx|sijilh `hdŌidhuhf }uizČuii ch biehusfsh$ Ädlahihuibh id|sfdŌhi }uizidc `Č|xuf fuh|sČuii }uhzhdsizh |xds |x}x|h lČibou ch fsfl }uhzČ~xsh ch bhkh$  Äd jidh" fus$ 5< cid Lod|sisxŌih |sfeibhşsh coxČ uhkxbi jxdcf`hdsfbh ch `fuh sufciŌih äd |i|sh`hbh nxuicilh şi ch idlodsh|sfeibČ flsxfbisfsh şi |}iuis nx|siŌifu" şi fdx`h lhf }uizidc }uh~x`Ōif ch dhzidozČŌih şi lhf }uizidc bhkfbisfshf }hch}|hi$ <$ Cuh}sxb bf f}Čufuh

Cuh}sxb bf f}Čufuh h|sh xd cuh}s jxdcf`hdsfb lhsČŌhdh|l lx o ädchbxdkfsČ i|souih äd lfcuxb id|sisxŌihi cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou lhsČŌhdibou$ Lod|sisxŌif äb uhkbh`hdshf~Č ci|sidls" }hdsux lČ" chşi h|sh äd |suåd|Č bhkČsxuČ ädcho|hei lx biehusfshf idcizicxfbČ şi |ikxufdŌf }hu|ofdhi" hb }uh~idsČ xd hkfb idshuh| }hdsux  ädsuhfkf flsizisfsh nxcilifuČ" `fi hqfls zoueidc fsås }hdsux }uolh|hbh }hdfbh" lås şi }hdsux lhbh lizibh" lo`hulifbh" ch `xdlČ" ch lodshdlio| fc`idi|sufsiz$ Lhbh coxČ fbidhfsh fbh fus$ 53 |xu}uidc louhls lodŌidxsxb cuh}sxbxi bf f}Čufuh" |xe lhbh coxČ fllh}Ōixdi fbh |fbh$ 3$ Cuh}sxb bf biehuČ liulxbfŌih

Cuh}sxb bf biehuČ liulxbfŌih h|sh xd cuh}s lfuh f|ikxuČ biehusfshf ch `işlfuh f lhsČŌhfdxbxi$ Lod|sisxŌif uhkbh`hdshf~Č f`ehbh f|}hlsh lfuh jou`hf~Č lodŌidxsxb cuh}sxbxi bf liulxbfŌih" şi fdx`h> biehuf liulxbfŌih }h shuisouixb Uo`ådihi şi biehuf liulxbfŌih äd fjfuf shuisouixbxi$ Äd flh|s |hd| |h kfufdshf~Č cuh}sxb bf biehuČ liulxbfŌih äd ch}bidČsfshf hbh`hdshbou |fbh lod|sisxsizh$ H|sh jiuh|l äd|Č lČ biehuf liulxbfŌih dx }ofsh ji fe|obxsČ" hf suhexih |Č |h ch|jČşofuh }osuizis xdou uhkxbi" lx ädch}bidiuhf şi uh|}hlsfuhf xdou lodciŌii |sfeibish ch bhkh$  Äd bhkČsxuČ lx biehuf liulxbfŌih }h shuisouixb Uo`ådihi" }uid fus$ 58 cid Lod|sisxŌih |h f|ikxuČ }o|ieibisfshf }hdsux ouilh lhsČŌhfd ch f liulxbf dh|sådnhdis }h shuisouixb |sfsxbxi do|sux şi ch f-şi |sfeibi uhşhcidŌf |fx co`ilibixb äd ouilh bolfbisfsh$ 8$ Cuh}sxb bf oluosiuhf zihŌii idsi`h" jf`ibifbh şi }uizfsh

LodzhdŌiibh idshudfŌiodfbh şi Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi i`}xd fxsouisČŌibou }xebilh oebikfŌif ch f oluosi zifŌf idsi`Č" jf`ibifbČ şi }uizfsČ" }uhlx` şi ouilČuhi }hu|ofdh" oebikfŌif ch f uh|}hlsf cuh}sxb bf zifŌf idsi`Č" jf`ibifbČ şi }uizfsČ$

3=

Lodjou` fusilobxbxi 5:" —FxsouisČŌibh }xebilh uh|}hlsČ şi oluosh|l zifŌf idsi`Č" jf`ibifbČ şi }uizfsČ$ ]hu|ofdf ji~ilČ fuh cuh}sxb |Č ci|}xdČ ch hf äd|Čşi" cflČ dx ädlfblČ cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh fbsouf" oucidhf }xebilČ |fx exdhbh `oufzxui‐$ :$ Idziobfeibisfshf Idziobfeibisfshf co`ilibixbxi 

  Äd |hd|xb flsxfbhi Lod|sisxŌii" idziobfeibisfshf co`ilibixbxi uh}uh~idsČ cuh}sxb lhsČŌhfdxbxi ch f dx i |h }Čsuxdch äd bolxidŌČ jČuČ ädlxziidŌfuhf |f" chlås äd lf~xuibh şi äd lodciŌiibh hq}uh| }uhzČ~xsh ch bhkh$ Idziobfeibisfshf co`ilibixbxi h|sh }uhzČ~xsČ äd fus$ 5; fb Lod|sisxŌihi lfuh |sfeibhşsh lČ —Co`ilibixb şi uhşhcidŌf |xds idziobfeibh$ Di`hdi dx }ofsh }Čsuxdch |fx uČ`ådh äd co`ilibixb oui äd uhşhcidŌf xdhi }hu|ofdh jČuČ ädzoiuhf flh|shif$ Ch bf }uhzhchuibh fbidhfsxbxi !6) |h }ofsh chuokf }uid bhkh }hdsux xu`Čsofuhbh |isxfŌii> f) hqhlxsfuhf xdxi `fdcfs ch fuh|sfuh |fx f xdhi aosČuåui nxchlČsouhşsi7 e) ädbČsxufuhf xdhi }ui`hncii }uizidc zifŌf" idshkuisfshf ji~ilČ |fx exdxuibh xdhi }hu|ofdh7 l) f}Čufuhf |hlxuisČŌii dfŌiodfbh |fx f oucidii }xebilh7 c) }uhzhdiuhf uČ|}ådciuii xdhi h}ich`ii$

W}fkidibh 56;-5<;P Cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh |olifb-hlodo`ilh şi lxbsxufbh 6$ Cuh}sxb bf ädzČŌČsxuČ

]hdsux o lås `fi sh`hidilČ ch~zobsfuh idshbhlsxfbČ" lhsČŌhdii suhexih |Č ehdhjilih~h ch cuh}sxb bf  ädzČŌČsxuČ$ Lodjou` fusilobxbxi <5" Cuh}sxb bf ädzČŌČsxuČ h|sh f|ikxufs }uid ädzČŌČ`ådsxb khdhufb oebikfsouix" }uid   ädzČŌČ`ådsxb bilhfb şi }uid lhb }uojh|iodfb" }uid ädzČŌČ`ådsxb |x}huiou" }uhlx` şi }uid fbsh jou`h ch id|suxlŌih şi ch }hujhlŌiodfuh$ ÄdzČŌČ`ådsxb ch sofsh kufchbh |h ch|jČşofuČ äd bi`ef uo`ådČ$ Äd lodciŌiibh bhkii" ädzČŌČ`ådsxb |h }ofsh ch|jČşxuf şi ädsu-o bi`eČ ch liulxbfŌih idshudfŌiodfbČ$ Cuh}sxb }hu|ofdhbou f}fuŌidådc `idouisČŌibou dfŌiodfbh ch f ädzČŌf bi`ef bou `fshudČ şi cuh}sxb ch f }xshf ji id|suxish äd flhf|sČ bi`eČ |xds kfufdsfsh7 `ocfbisČŌibh ch hqhulisfuh f flh|sou cuh}sxui |h |sfeibh|l }uid bhkh$ ÄdzČŌČ`ådsxb ch |sfs h|sh kufsxis" }osuizis bhkii$ 5$ Fllh|xb bf lxbsxuf

Cuh}sxb }uhzf~xs ch fus << cid Lod|sisxsif Uo`fdihi h|sh xd cuh}s jxdcf`hdsfb dox" idsuocx| id xu`f uhzi~xiuii Lod|sisxsihi cid 5==<" fchzfufs lo`}bh`hds fb cuh}sxbxi bf idzfsfsxuf |i" i`}uhxdf lx flh|sf" h|sh }fush idshkufdsf f xdxi cuh}s bf hcxlfsih zf~xs idsu-xd |hd| `fi bfuk$ <$ Cuh}sxb bf oluosiuhf |ČdČsČŌii 

Cuh}sxb bf oluosiuhf |ČdČsČŌii h|sh xd cuh}s jxdcf`hdsfb lhsČŌhdh|l uhlh}sfs äd Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi"  ädcho|hei" cid ]flsxb idshudfŌiodfb uhbfsiz bf cuh}sxuibh hlodo`ilh" |olifbh" lxbsxufbh" |xe chdx`iuhf ch cuh}s bf oluosiuhf |ČdČsČŌii$ 3$ Cuh}sxb bf `hcix |fdfso|

Cuh}sxb bf `hcix |fdfso| h|sh }uhzf~xs ch fus <8 cid Lod|sisxsih jiidc o lodsidxfuh jiuhf|lf f }uhzhchuibou lod|sisxsiodfbh uhjhuisofuh bf oluosiuhf |fdfsfsii$ S 8$ Cuh}sxb bf `xdlČ şi bf }uoshlŌif |olifbČ f `xdlii 

Cuh}sxb bf `xdlČ şi bf }uoshlŌif |olifbČ f `xdlii h|sh xd cuh}s |olifb-hlodo`il ch sufciŌih$ Uhkbh`hdsfs }uid Lod|sisxŌih äd fus$ 36" cuh}sxb bf `xdlČ h|sh xd cuh}s lx xd lodŌidxs nxuicil lo`}bhq$ :$ Cuh}sxb bf kuhzČ

Cuh}sxb bf kuhzČ h|sh }uid dfsxuf |f fsås xd cuh}s |olifb-hlodo`il" lås şi xd cuh}s |olifb-}obisil$ 36

Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi uhkbh`hdshf~Č äd fus$ 3< cuh}sxb bf kuhzČ$ ;$ Cuh}sxb ch }uo}uihsfsh

Cuh}sxb bf }uo}uihsfsh h|sh xd cuh}s jxdcf`hdsfb" ch zhlah sufciŌih äd lfsfbokxb cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou  lhsČŌhdibou$ Cuh}sxb ch }uo}uihsfsh h|sh kfufdsfs jihlČuxi lhsČŌhfd$ Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi" äd fus$ 33" kfufdshf~Č cuh}sxb ch }uo}uihsfsh" }uhlx` şi luhfdŌhbh f|x}uf |sfsxbxi" oluosidc äd `oc hkfb }uo}uihsfshf }uizfsČ" idcijhuhds ch }uo}uihsfu$ Hq}ui`ådc uhfbisfshf äd |hd|xb lČ dx hqi|sČ cuh}sxui fe|obxsh" Lod|sisxŌif cČ bhkii }o|ieibisfshf ch f |sfeibi lodŌidxsxb şi bi`ishbh cuh}sxuibou uhkbh`hdsfsh }uid fus$ 33$ 1$ Cuh}sxb ch `oşshdiuh

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LXU\XB 66 “ Cuh}sxuibh" biehusfsibh |i idcfsouiuibh idc fsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou uo`fdi !3) ⇕ Cuh}sxuibh hqlbx|iz }obisilh - cuh}sxb bf zos - cuh}sxb ch f ji fbh| H xuo}hfd - cuh}sxb ch f ji fbh| id ]fubf`hdsxb Hxuo}hfd ⇕ Cuh}sxuibh |i biehusfsibh |olifb-}obisilh - Biehusfshf lod|siidshi - Biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh - Cuh}sxb bf idjou`fsih - Biehusfshf idsuxdiuibou  - Cuh}sxb ch f|olihuh - \hluhsxb louh|}odchdshi ⇕ Cuh}sxuibh kfufdsii - cuh}sxb ch }hsisiodfuh - cuh}sxb }hu|ofdhi zfsf`fsh ch lfsuh o fxsouisfsh }xebilf ⇕ Idcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou  - idcfsouiuhf ch f uh|}hlsf lod|sisxsif |i bhkibh - idcfsouiuhf ch jichbisfsh jfsf ch sfuf - idcfsouiuhf ch f}fufuh f }fsuihi - idcfsouiuhf ch f lodsuiexi bf lahbsxihbibh }xebilh - idcfsouiuhf ch hqhulisfuh lx exdf luhcidsf f cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou |i ch uh|}hlsfuh f cuh}sxuibou |i biehusfsibou lhboubfbsi Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 66 ‥ ‥ ‥

Lxdof|shuhf cuh}sxuibou cuh}sxuibou hqlbx|iz }obisilh |i |olifb-}obisilh Lxdof|shuhf cuh}sxuibou kfufdsii Lxdof|shuhf idcfsouiuibou jxdcf`hdsfbh

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Cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh |olifb-}obisilh 6$ Biehusfshf lodşsiidŌhi  ]osuizis fus$ 59 cid Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi" biehusfshf kådciuii şi f o}idiibou" }uhlx` şi biehusfshf luhcidŌhbou  uhbikiof|h dx }os ji ädkuČcish |xe dili o jou`Č$ Ädsu-o fllh}Ōixdh bfukČ" biehusfshf lodşsiidŌhi h|sh }o|ieibisfshf lhsČŌhfdxbxi ch f fzhf şi ch f hq}ui`f }xebil o lodlh}Ōih f |f ch|}uh bx`hf  ädlodnxuČsofuh$ Flhf|sČ biehusfsh h|sh uhkbh`hdsfsČ }uid fus$ 59 cid Lod|sisxŌih$ 5$ Biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh Kådcxuibh" o}idiibh" luhcidŌhbh şi luhfŌiibh |}iuisxfbh ch ouilh jhb }os ji lxdo|lxsh dx`fi cflČ |xds hq}ui`fsh$ \suåd| bhkfsČ ch biehusfshf lodşsiidŌhi" biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh lod|flufsČ }uid Lod|sisxŌih äd fus$ <= h|sh }o|ieibisfshf o`xbxi ch f-şi hq}ui`f }uid zix kufi" }uid i`fkidi" }uid |lui|" }uid |xdhsh |fx fbsh `inboflh ch lo`xdilfuh äd }xebil" kådcxuibh" o}idiibh" luhcidŌhbh uhbikiof|h şi luhfŌiibh |}iuisxfbh ch ouilh jhb$ F|sjhb lx` h|sh uhkbh`hdsfsČ lod|sisxŌiodfb" biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh h|sh o biehusfsh lx xd lodŌidxs lo`}bhq$ ZČ~xsČ äd lo`}bhqisfshf lodŌidxsxbxi |Čx nxuicil" biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh h|sh xdf cid lhbh `fi zhlai biehusČŌi lhsČŌhdhşsi$ <$ Cuh}sxb bf idjou`fŌih Fus <6 cid Lod|sisxsih uhxşhşsh |Č hq}ui`h nxuicil xd lodŌidxs lo`}bhq şi cidf`il" kfufdsådc fllh|xb }hu|ofdhi bf ouilh idjou`fŌih ch idshuh| }xebil> —Cuh}sxb }hu|ofdhi ch f fzhf fllh| bf ouilh idjou`fŌih ch idshuh| }xebil dx }ofsh ji ädkuČcis$ FxsouisČŌibh }xebilh" }osuizis lo`}hshdŌhbou lh bh uhzid" |xds oebikfsh |Č f|ikxuh idjou`fuhf louhlsČ f lhsČŌhdibou f|x}uf suhexuibou }xebilh şi f|x}uf }uoebh`hbou ch idshuh| }hu|odfb$ Cuh}sxb bf idjou`fŌih dx suhexih |Č }uhnxcilih~h `Č|xuibh ch }uoshlŌih f sidhuibou |fx |hlxuisfshf dfŌiodfbČ$ @inboflhbh ch idjou`fuh äd `f|Č" }xebilh şi }uizfsh" |xds oebikfsh |Č f|ikxuh idjou`fuhf louhlsČ f o}idihi }xebilh$ \huziliibh }xebilh ch ufcio şi ch shbhzi~ixdh |xds fxsodo`h$ Hbh suhexih |Č kfufdsh~h kux}xuibou |olifbh şi }obisilh i`}ousfdsh hqhulisfuhf cuh}sxbxi bf fdshdČ$ Oukfdi~fuhf flh|sou |huzilii şi lodsuobxb }fubf`hdsfu f|x}uf flsizisČŌii bou |h uhkbh`hdshf~Č }uid bhkh oukfdilČ‐$ 3$ Biehusfshf ädsuxdiuibou  Biehusfshf ädsuxdiuibou" f ch`od|sufŌiibou şi f `isidkxuibou hq}ui`Č cuh}sxb lhsČŌhdibou ch f-şi hqshuioui~f }xebil lodlh}Ōiibh şi o}idiibh" fcxdådcx-|h äd bolxui }xebilh |fx `fdijh|sådc }h cux`xuibh }xebilh" äd bi`ishbh }uhzČ~xsh ch bhkh$ ]uid lodŌidxsxb |Čx" flhf|sČ biehusfsh |h fjbČ ädsu-o |suåd|Č louhbfŌih lx biehusfshf lodşsiidŌhi" }uhlx` şi lx biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh$ Fusilobxb <9 dx uh|suådkh jou`hbh şi `inboflhbh ch uhfbi~fuh f biehusČŌii   ädsuxdiuii dx`fi bf lhbh suhi jou`h do`idfbi~fsh$ Lås }uizhşsh ädŌhbh|xb lhbou suhi shu`hdi “ `isidkxui" ch`od|sufŌii" }uolh|ixdi “" hb h|sh lhb cid zolfexbfuxb lxuhds" oeişdxis" jiidc şi äd cuh}s ch|houi kuhx ch uhfbi~fs o cijhuhdŌihuh }uhf |suilsČ ädsuh hi$  Ädsuxdiuibh }os ji ch coxČ lfshkouii> }xebilh şi }uizfsh$ Fusilobxb <9 cid Lod|sisxŌih |sfeibhşsh suhi uhkxbi `fui äd bhkČsxuČ lx ädsuxdiuibh şi fdx`h> f) biehusfshf ädsuxdiuibou7 e) lfuflshuxb }fşdil fb ädsuxdiuibou7 l) idshu~ilhuhf bf ädsuxdiui" f ouilČuxi jhb ch fu`h$ 38

O }uoebh`Č shouhsilČ }uizidc flh|s cuh}s h|sh flhhf ch f |h jflh ci|sidlŌif jfŌČ ch cuh}sxb ch f|olihuh$

8$ Cuh}sxb ch f|olihuh Flh|s cuh}s lx}uidch }o|ieibisfshf lhsČŌhdibou uo`ådi ch f |h f|olif" äd `oc biehu" äd }fusich |fx jou`fŌixdi }obisilh" äd |idcilfsh |fx äd fbsh jou`h şi si}xui ch oukfdi~fŌii" biki şi xdixdi" lx |lo}xb ch f }fusili}f bf zifŌf }obisilČ" şsiidŌijilČ" |olifbČ şi lxbsxufbČ" ch f-şi uhfbi~f o |huih ch idshuh|h bhkisi`h lo`xdh$ Fusilobxb 3= cid Lod|sisxŌih |h uhjhuČ bf f|olihuh lf uh~xbsfs fb hqhulisČuii xdhi biehusČŌi jxdcf`hdsfbh" o f|olifŌih chli ch cuh}s lod|sisxŌiodfb$ Flh|sh f|olifŌii |xds ch cuh}s }xebil" sh`hixb bou jiidc biehusfshf ch f|olihuh" şi dx lodsuflsxb" lfuh h|sh sh`hixb f|olifŌiibou şi |olihsČŌibou ch cuh}s }uizfs$ Cuh}sxb ch f|olihuh dx }ofsh ji äd|Č xd cuh}s fe|obxs$ Ch flhhf" äd `oc jiuh|l" |h |sfeibh|l fdx`ish bi`ish$ Flh|sh bi`ish lod|sisxŌiodfbh }uizh|l suhi `fui f|}hlsh> f) |lo}xuibh şi flsizisfshf7 e) `h`euii7 l) lfuflshuxb f|olifŌihi" uh~xbsådc }uflsil cid `ocxb ch lo`x-dilfuh$ :$ \hluhsxb louh|}odchdŌhi  \hluhsxb louh|}odchdŌhi şi fb lodzoueiuibou shbhjodilh" lf cuh}s jxdcf`hdsfb" şi-f }uhli~fs lodŌidxsxb `xbs `fi såu~ix chlås lhbhbfbsh cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi" flhf|sf hq}bilådcx-|h }uid jf}sxb lČ shbhjodxb şi louh|}odchdŌf |-fx ch~zobsfs `fi såu~ix$ \hluhsxb louh|}odchdŌhi şi fb lodzoueiuibou shbhjodilh" äd |hd|xb fusilobxbxi 51 cid Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi" h|sh cuh}sxb lhsČŌhfdxbxi ch f-şi lo`xdilf şi }uid }uid shbhjod ichibh şi kådcxuibh kådcxuibh fbshi }hu|ofdh" jČuČ f-i ji lhd~xufsh |fx jČlxsh }xebilh" chlås äd lf~xuibh şi äd lodciŌiibh hq}uh| }uhzČ~xsh ch bhkh$ F|sjhb" —\hluhsxb |lui|ouibou" fb shbhkuf-`hbou" fb fbsou sui`ishui }oşsfbh" fb lodzoueiuibou shbhjodilh şi fb lhboubfbsh `inboflh bhkfbh ch lo`xdilfuh h|sh idziobfeib‐$ W}fkidibh 58;-5;3P Cuh}sxuibh kfufdŌii 6$ Cuh}sxb ch }hsiŌiodfuh Cuh}sxb ch }hsiŌiodfuh h|sh xd cuh}s lhsČŌhdh|l ch sufciŌih äd |i|sh`xb nxuicil uo`ådh|l$ Hqhulisfuhf cuh}sxbxi ch }hsiŌiodfuh h|sh o `ocfbisfsh hjilihdsČ ch uh~obzfuh f xdou }uoebh`h }hu|odfbh |fx lfuh }uizh|l o lobhlsizisfsh$  Äd lodciŌiibh fusilobxbxi 86 cid Lod|sisxŌih" cuh}sxb ch }hsiŌiodfuh }ofsh ji hqhulisfs jih idcizicxfb" ch lČsuh lhsČŌhfd" jih ch lČsuh xd kux} ch lhsČŌhdi" jih ch lČsuh oukfdi~fŌii bhkfb lod|sisxish$ ]hsiŌiibh fcuh|fsh fxsouisČŌibou }xebilh şi lfuh" chli" |h exlxuČ ch uhki`xb nxuicil |sfeibis }uid fus$ 86 cid Lod|sisxŌih |h jfl dx`fi äd dx`hbh }hsiŌiodfuibou |fx" äd |isxfŌif ch bf fbidhfsxb !5)" äd dx`hbh lobhlsizhbou }h lfuh oukfdi~fŌiibh }hsiŌiodfuh bh uh}uh~idsČ$ Ch fili uh~xbsČ lČ ouilh }hsiŌih suhexih |h`dfsČ şi" chli" suhexih |Č lodŌidČ cfshbh ch ichdsijilfuh f }hsiŌiodfuxbxi$ ]uid jou`xbfuhf |f lbfuČ" shqsxb lod|sisxŌiodfb dx }uizhşsh şi" chli" dili dx }uoshnhf~Č nxuicil }hsiŌiibh fdodi`h$

5$ Cuh}sxb }hu|ofdhi zČsČ`fsh ch lČsuh o fxsouisfsh }xebilČ ]hu|ofdf zČsČ`fsČ ädsu-xd cuh}s fb |Čx |h }ofsh fcuh|f" }osuizis bhkii" cijhuishbou id|sfdŌh" cx}Č lf~$ F|sjhb" lhb zČsČ`fs ädsu-xd cuh}s fb |Čx }uidsu-o idjuflŌixdh |h fcuh|hf~Č oukfdhbou nxcilifuh" lfuh" äd lodjou`isfsh lx }uolhcxuf }hdfbČ" ifx `Č|xui ch uh}fufuh" ch|}Č-kxeiuh" }hch}|iuh f lhbxi zidozfs hsl$ 3:

Ch f|h`hdhf" lhbxi zČsČ`fs ädsu-xd cuh}s fb |Čx" }uidsu-xd fls |fx jf}s nxuicil lizib" i |h jflh cuh}sfsh" }h lfbhf }uhzČ~xsČ ch }uolhcxuf lizibČ" ch lČsuh o id|sfdŌČ lizibČ$ Fus$ 85 cid Lod|sisxŌih h|sh sh`hixb lod|sisxŌiodfb fb uČ|}xdchuii fxsouisČŌibou }xebilh }hdsux zČsČ`Čuibh }uocx|h lhsČŌhdibou }uid ädlČblfuhf |fx dh|olosiuhf cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou flh|souf$ F|sjhb" —]hu|ofdf zČsČ`fsČ ädsu-xd cuh}s fb |fx oui ädsu-xd idshuh| bhkisi`" ch o fxsouisfsh }xebilČ" }uidsu-xd fls fc`idi|sufsiz |fx }uid dh|obxŌiodfuhf äd shu`hdxb bhkfb f xdhi lhuhui" h|sh ädcuh}sČŌisČ |Č oeŌidČ uhlxdofşshuhf cuh}sxbxi }uhsid| |fx f idshuh|xbxi bhkisi`" fdxbfuhf flsxbxi şi uh}fufuhf }fkxehi$ LodciŌiibh şi bi`ishbh hqhulisČuii flh|sxi cuh}s |h |sfeibh|l }uid bhkh oukfdilČ$ \sfsxb uČ|}xdch }fsui`odifb }hdsux }uhnxciliibh lfx~fsh }uid huouibh nxcilifuh$ UČ|}xdchuhf |sfsxbxi h|sh |sfeibisČ äd lodciŌiibh bhkii şi dx ädbČsxuČ uČ|}xdchuhf `fki|sufŌibou lfuh şi-fx hqhulisfs jxdlŌif lx uhf-luhcidŌČ |fx kufzČ dhkbinhdŌČ‐$

W}fkidibh 5;8-51=P  Ädcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou   Äd fjfuČ ch cuh}sxui jxdcf`hdsfbh" lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi fx şi o |huih ch ädcfsouiui jxdcf`hdsfbh$ 6$ Ädcfsouiuhf ch f uh|}hlsf Lod|sisxŌif şi bhkibh Xdf cid ädcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsČŌhdibou h|sh uh|}hlsfuhf bhkibou şi f Lod|sisxŌihi$ Ädcfsouiuhf ch f uh|}hlsf Lod|sisxŌif şi bhkibh uhzidh äd hkfbČ `Č|xuČ sxsxuou lhsČŌhdibou$ Dx |h jflh ci|sidlŌih ädsuh lhsČŌhdi |xe f|}hlsxb oebikfŌihi ch uh|}hlsfuh f bhkibou" soŌi jiidc cfsoui f bh uh|}hlsf" idcijhuhds ch }o~iŌif }h lfuh o olx}Č äd |olihsfsh şi |sfs$ Fus$ 6 fbid$ 8 cid Lod|sisxŌih" lfuh |sfeibhşsh flhf|sČ ädcfsouiuh jxdcf`hdsfbČ" oebikČ" ch f|h`hdhf" bf uh|}hlsfuhf |x}uh`fŌihi Lod|sisxŌihi$ Lf fsfuh" |x}uh`fŌif Lod|sisxŌihi h|sh fjiu`fsČ }uid laifu bhkhf jxdcf`hdsfbČ$ 5$ Ädcfsouiuhf ch jichbisfsh jfŌČ ch ŌfuČ Flhf|sČ ädcfsouiuh" }uhzČ~xsČ }uid fus$ 83 cid Lod|sisxŌih" h|sh xu`fuhf jiuhf|lČ f lhsČŌhdihi$ Hf fuh cuh}s xu`fuh oebikfŌif lhbou lČuouf bh |xds ädluhcidŌfsh jxdlŌii }xebilh" }uhlx` şi f `ibisfuibou ch f  ädch}bidi flh|sh jxdlŌii lx luhcidŌČ şi ch f ch}xdh nxuČ`ådsxb lhuxs ch bhkh$ —LhsČŌhdii lČuouf bh |xds  ädluhcidŌfsh jxdlŌii }xebilh" }uhlx` şi `ibisfuii" uČ|}xdc ch ädch}bidiuhf lx luhcidŌČ f oebikfŌiibou lh bh uhzid şi" äd flh|s |lo}" zou ch}xdh nxuČ`ådsxb lhuxs ch bhkh‐$ <$ Ädcfsouiuhf ch f}Čufuh f }fsuihi    Ädcfsouiuhf ch f}Čufuh f }fsuihi" }uhzČ~xsČ }uid fus$ 88 cid Lod|sisxŌih" i`}xdh lhsČŌhdibou |Č jih  ädsoschfxdf }uhkČsiŌi }hdsux f cf ui}o|sf lxzhdisČ fsås äd lf~xb xdhi fkuh|ixdi fu`fsh" lås şi äd lf~xb fbsou flŌixdi ädcuh}sfsh ä`}osuizf ŌČuii$ Flhf|sČ ädcfsouiuh f}fuŌidh sxsxuou lhsČŌhdibou uo`ådi" eČuefŌi şi jh`hi" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch ouikidh dfŌiodfbČ" uhbikih" olx}fŌih şi }uhkČsiuh }uojh|iodfbČ$ 3$ Ädcfsouiuhf ch f lodsuiexi bf lahbsxihbibh }xebilh Fus$ 8: cid Lod|sisxŌih uhkbh`hdshf~Č ädcfsouiuhf lhsČŌhdibou ch f lodsuiexi" }uid i`}o~ish şi sfqh" bf lahbsxihbibh }xebilh$ —LhsČŌhdii fx oebikfŌif |Č lodsuiexih" }uid i`}o~ish şi }uid sfqh" bf lahbsxihbibh }xebilh$ \i|sh`xb bhkfb ch i`}xdhui suhexih |Č f|ikxuh fşh~fuhf nx|sČ f |fulidibou ji|lfbh$ Ouilh fbsh }uh|sfŌii |xds idshu~i|h" äd fjfuf lhbou |sfeibish }uid bhkh" äd |isxfŌii hqlh}Ōiodfbh‐$ 8$ Ädcfsouiuhf ch hqhulisfuh lx exdČ-luhcidŌČ f cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou şi ch uh|}hlsfuh f cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou biehusČŌibou lhboubfbŌi  Fus$ 8; cid Lod|sisxŌih |sfeibhşsh o ädcfsouiuh lh idlx`eČ sxsxuou bolxisouibou Uo`ådihi" lhsČŌhdi" |suČidi |fx f}fsui~i$ \h oe|huzČ lbfu lČ exdf-luhcidŌČ" }uidli}ix sufciŌiodfb ch cuh}s lizib" h|sh lod|ichufsČ o uhkxbČ lod|sisxŌiodfbČ$ —LhsČŌhdii uo`ådi" lhsČŌhdii |suČidi şi f}fsui~ii suhexih |Č-şi hqhulish cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh lod|sisxŌiodfbh lx exdČ-luhcidŌČ" jČuČ |Č ädlfblh cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh lhboubfbŌi‐$

3;

 Äd lodŌidxsxb ädcfsouiuii jxdcf`hdsfbh lx}uid|h äd fus$8; idsuČ şi oebikfŌif ch f dx ädlČblf cuh}sxuibh şi biehusČŌibh lhboubfbŌi" oebikfŌih jiuhf|lČ" lh Ōidh laifu ch lodlh}shbh ch cuh}s şi ch biehusfsh$

W}fkidibh 5;9-515P

\xeihlsh }hdsux }uhkČsiuhf }uhk Čsiuhf äd zhchuhf hzfbxČuii jidfbh> ‥ Biehusfshf lod|siidshi ‥ Biehusfshf ch hq}ui`fuh ‥ Cuh}sxb ch f|olihuh Idcfsouiuibh jxdcf`hdsfbh fbh lhsfshdibou  ‥ F]BILFŅII HqhuliŌii uh~obzfsh 8$ Biehusfshf idsuxdiuibou h|sh o biehusfsh lx lx lfuflshu |olifb |olifb }obisil lfuh lx}uidch lx}uidch id lodsidxsxb |fx lod|sisxsiodfb xu`fsofuhbh> f$ lod|sf id }o|ieibisfshf }o|ieibisfshf of`hdibou ch ch f |h idsuxdi idsuxdi id uhxdixdi }xebilh }xebilh |i }uizfsh }hdsux }hdsux f-|i hq}ui`f kfdcxuibh" o}idiibh" luhcidshbh e$ flhfs|f biehusfsh |h |h }ofsh uhfbi~f }uid `isidkxui" ch`od|sufsii" }uolh|ixdi }uolh|ixdi |i ouilh fbsh idsuxdiui l$ biehusfshf idsuxdiuibou idsuxdiuibou }uh|x}xdh lfulfshuxb }f|dil }f|dil fb fb oukfdi~fuii |i ch|jf|xufuii flh|souf flh|souf }uhlx` |i idshu~ilhuhf jobo|iuii fu`hbou  c$ idsuxdiuibh }uh|x}xd }fusili}fdsi lfuh fx lfbisfshf ch `h`euii }hu`fdhdsi }hu`fdhdsi idsuh lfuh hqi|sf uhbfsii }hu`fdhdsh h$ biehusfshf idsuxdiuibou idsuxdiuibou }hu`ish lhsfshdibou lhsfshdibou |f }fusili}h bf zifsf }obisilf" }obisilf" |olifbf |i lxbsxufbf" lxbsxufbf" `fdijh|sfdcx-|i }xebil o}idiibh" luhcidshbh |i kfdcxuibh F$) e" l" h E$) f" c" h L$) f" e" l

:$ Fus 85 cid Lod|sisxsif Uo`fdihi do`idfbi~hf~f }uhshdsiibh }h lfuh lfuh bh }ofsh jou`xbf o }hu|ofdf zfsf`fsf idsu-xd cuh}s fb |fx oui idsu-xd idshuh| }xebil ch o fxsouisfsh }xebilf" flh|shf jiidc> f$ uhlxdof|shuhf uhlxdof|shu hf cuh}sxbxi e$ |f lhfuf uf|}xdchuhf uf|}xdchuhf `fki|sufsibou  l$ fdxbfuhf flsxbxi c$ uh}fufuhf }fkxehi h$ id zhchuhf uhfbi~fuii uhfbi~fuii flh|sou }uhshdsii lhsfshfdxb lhsfshfdxb suhexih |f }uoeh~h }uoeh~h lxb}f jxdlsiodfuxbxi jxdlsiodfuxbxi }xebil F$) e" l" h E$) f" c" h L$) f" l" c UČ|}xd| louhls> 6-L" 5-L 

31

LXU\XB 65 “ Lhsfshdif uo`fdf ⇕ Chjidisif lhsfshdihi uo`fdh ⇕ Dfsxuf nxuicilf f lhsfshdihi ⇕ Uhkbh`hdsfuhf nxuicilf f lhsfshdihi uo`fdh |i }uidli}iibh lh |h chkfnf cid dou`hbh  nxuicilh }uizisofuh bf lhsfshdih ⇕ Coefdciuhf lhsfshdihi uo`fdh ⇕ ]ihuchuhf lhsfshdihi uo`fdh Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 65 ‥ ‥ ‥

Chjidiuhf lodlh}sxbxi ch lhsfshdih uo`fdf ]uidli}iibh lhsfshdihi uo`fdh @ocxuibh ch coefdciuh |i ch }ihuchuh f lhsfshdihi uo`fdh

Lodlh}sh-lahih sufsfsh> Lhsfshdif uo`fdf “ flhf lfbisfsh f }hu|ofdhi ji~ilh lh hq}ui`f uhbfsiibh }hu`fdhdsh |olifbhlodo`ilh" }obisilh |i nxuicilh cidsuh }hu|ofdf ji~ilf |i |sfs" cozhcidc f}fushdhdsf |f bf |sfsxb uo`fd |i fsuiexidc }hu|ofdhi ji~ilh }o|ieibisfshf ch f ji sisxbfuxb sxsxuou cuh}sxuibou |i idcfsouiuibou  }uhzf~xsh ch lod|sisxsif |i ch bhkibh Uo`fdihi$ LhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ LhsČŌhdif uh}uh~idsČ xd |xeihls ch idshuh| dx dx`fi }hdsux cuh}sxb lod|sisxŌiodfb" li şi äd hkfbČ `Č|xuČ şi }hdsux cuh}sxb idshudfŌiodfb !}xebil şi äd `oc cho|heis lhb }uizfs)" cuh}sxb jf`ibihi$ Lod|sisxŌif şi bhkibh lodjhuČ lhsČŌhdibou sofsh cuh}sxuibh !idlbx|iz lhbh }obisilh)" äd si`} lh }hu|ofdhbou lfuh dx fx flhf|sČ lfbisfsh dx bh lodjhuČ chlås o }fush cid flh|sh cuh}sxui$ Ehdhjilifui fi cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou" lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi |xds äd flhbfşi si`} şi sisxbfuii xdou ädcfsouiui$ F|sjhb" lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ suhexih lod|ichufsČ flhf lfbisfsh f }hu|ofdhi ji~ilh lh hq}ui`Č uhbfŌiibh }hu`fdhdsh |olifb-hlodo`ilh" }obisilh şi nxuicilh cidsuh }hu|ofdf ji~ilČ şi |sfs" cozhcidc f}fushdhdŌf |f bf |sfsxb uo`åd şi fsuiexidc }hu|ofdhi ji~ilh }o|ieibisfshf ch f ji sisxbfuxb sxsxuou cuh}sxuibou şi  ädcfsouiuibou }uhzČ~xsh ch Lod|sisxŌif şi ch bhkibh Uo`ådihi$ W}fkidibh 515-518P Dfsxuf nxuicilČ f lhsČŌhdihi Xdf cid lhbh `fi lodsuozhu|fsh }uoebh`h uhjhuisofuh bf lhsČŌhdih h|sh dfsxuf nxuicilČ f flh|shif" hq}ui`ådcx-|h `fi `xbsh o}idii" cidsuh lfuh `hdŌiodČ`> 6$ Shouif lodsuflsxfbČ ]osuizis flh|shi shouii" jxdcf`hdsxb nxuicil fb lhsČŌhdihi |-fu fjbf äd lodsuflsxb idshuzhdis ädsuh |sfs şi }hu|ofdf ji~ilČ" }uid lfuh |h `fdijh|sČ zoidŌf }hu|ofdhi ch f chzhdi lhsČŌhfd şi f |sfsxbxi ch f ji ch flouc lx flhf|sf$ Shouif lodsuflsxfbČ dx }ofsh ji fllh}sfsČ chofuhlh lodsuflsxb h|sh xd flouc ch zoidŌČ7 ou" äd lf~xb coeådciuii lhsČŌhdihi }uid dfşshuh" zoidŌf lhbxi dČ|lxs dx |h }ofsh hq}ui`f äd dili xd jhb$ 5$ Shouif zoidŌhi xdibfshufbh f |sfsxbxi  Flhf|sČ shouih h|sh o}x|Č shouihi lodsuflsxfbh" ädsuxlås |h f}uhlif~Č lČ |sfsxb h|sh flhbf lfuh floucČ lhsČŌhdif" jiidc zouef f|sjhb ch xd fls xdibfshufb ch zoidŌČ f |sfsxbxi$ 39

Dili flhf|sČ shouih dx }ofsh ji fllh}sfsČ" chofuhlh hf h|sh idf}bilfeibČ äd lf~xb coeådciuii lhsČŌhdihi bf lhuhuh" |isxfŌih äd lfuh |sfsxb dx-şi }ofsh i`}xdh äd `oc xdibfshufb zoidŌf lx }uiziuh bf coeådciuhf lhsČŌhdihi ch lČsuh o }hu|ofdČ ji~ilČ$ <$ Shouif uf}ousxbxi nxuicil  ]osuizis flh|shi shouii" lhsČŌhdif h|sh xd uf}ous nxuicil idshuzhdis ädsuh |sfs şi o }hu|ofdČ ji~ilČ" xd uf}ous  nxuicil ch cuh}s lod|sisxŌiodfb" fb lČuxi lodŌidxs lx}uidch cuh}sxuibh şi oebikfŌiibh uhli}uolh cidsuh |sfs şi }hu|ofdf ji~ilČ$ Shouif uf}ousxbxi nxuicil fuh äd zhchuh dx`fi ädcfsouiuibh lhsČŌhfdxbxi" ikdouådc cuh}sxuibh flh|sxif$ 3$ Shouif lf}flisČŌii nxuicilh ]osuizis flh|shi shouii" lhsČŌhdif h|sh o }fush f lf}flisČŌii nxuicilh f xdhi }hu|ofdh ji~ilh" }uid lfuh flhf|sf coeådchşsh }o|ieibisfshf ch f ji sisxbfuxb sxsxuou cuh}sxuibou şi oebikfŌiibou }uhzČ~xsh ch lod|sisxŌih şi ch bhki$ Lf}flisfshf nxuicilČ dx h|sh fbslhzf chlås }o|ieibisfshf ch f ji |xeihls ch cuh}s şi ch f fzhf fdx`ish cuh}sxui şi oebikfŌii$ Äd cuh}sxb lod|sisxŌiodfb |h jflh" äd|Č" ci|sidlŌih ädsuh lf}flisfshf nxuicilČ ch}bidČ şi lf}flisfshf nxuicilČ uh|suåd|Č$ Lf}flisfsh nxuicilČ ch}bidČ fx dx`fi lhsČŌhdii" chofuhlh dx`fi hi |xds sisxbfuii sxsxuou cuh}sxuibou şi  ädcfsouiuibou }uhzČ~xsh ch bhki|bfŌif xdhi ŌČui$ Lf}flisfsh nxuicilČ uh|suåd|Č fx |suČidii şi f}fsui~ii" lfuh dx }os fzhf chlås o }fush cid cuh}sxuibh şi  ädcfsouiuibh }uhzČ~xsh ch lod|sisxŌih şi ch lhbhbfbsh bhki fbh |sfsxbxi uh|}hlsiz$   Äd flhf|sČ oucidh ch ichi" }bhlådc" cx}Č lx` f` |sfeibis ch fbsjhb `fi |x|" ch bf lfshkouif nxuicilČ |xeihls ch cuh}s " lod|ichuČ` lČ lhsČŌhdif h|sh xd hbh`hds" o }fush lo`}odhdsČ f lf}flisČŌii nxuicilh$

W}fkidibh 518-59=P Uhkbh`hdsfuhf nxuicilČ nxuicilČ f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh şi }uidli}iibh lh |h chkfnČ cid dou`hbh nxuicilh }uizisofuh bf lhsČŌhdih Lf ef~Č f oukfdi~Čuii }xshuii ch |sfs" }o}xbfŌif idshuh|hf~Č" lx` h|sh şi jiuh|l" cuh}sxb lod|sisxŌiodfb$ F|}hlsxb |xe lfuh-şi kČ|hşsh uhjbhlsfuhf flhf|sf h|sh lhsČŌhdif$ ]bhlådc ch fili" zo` uh`fulf jf}sxb lČ dou`hbh lfuh uhkbh`hdshf~Č lhsČŌhdif |xds dou`h fbh cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxŌiodfb" hbh jou`ådc o id|sisxŌih f flh|shi uf`xui ch cuh}s$ Flhf|sf i`}xdh lf dou`hbh lfuh jou`hf~Č id|sisxŌif nxuicilČ f lhsČŌhdihi |Č jih |sxcifsh" äd }ui`xb uådc" ch şsiidŌf cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxŌiodfb$ Äd flhf|sČ oucidh ch ichi" zo` oe|huzf lČ dou`h }uizisofuh bf lhsČŌhdih |h kČ|h|l äd Lod|sisxŌih" lfuh h|sh i~zouxb }uidli}fb fb cuh}sxbxi lod|sisxŌiodfb" äd Bhkhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh “ Bhkhf du$56 cid :$ =<$ 6996$ Ch|ikxu" bf flh|sh uhkbh`hdsČui suhexih fcČxkfsh lhbh cid Bhkhf du$ <9:/5==5 }uizidc ufsijilfuhf LodzhdŌihi hxuo}hdh f|x}uf lhsČŌhdihi" fco}sfsČ bf \suf|eoxuk" bf : doih`euih 699;$ Fdfbi~f dou`hbou nxuicilh lfuh jou`hf~Č id|sisxŌif nxuicilČ f lhsČŌhdihi }hu`ish jou`xbfuhf xdou }uidli}ii lh |sfx bf ef~f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh$ 6$ Cofu lhsČŌhdii uo`ådi |xds sisxbfuii sxsxuou cuh}sxuibou }uhzČ~xsh ch Lod|sisxŌih şi bhki$ Uhjhuisou bf hq}ui`fuhf flh|sxi }uidli}ix" o lod|ichuČ` f ji }osuizisČ" chofuhlh |xkhuhf~Č lČ }hu|ofdhbh lfuh dx fx lfbisfshf ch lhsČŌhdi uo`ådi dx |h }os exlxuf “ äd lodciŌiibh bhkii “ chlås ch o }fush cid cuh}sxuibh şi ädcfsouiuibh }uhzČ~xsh ch Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi şi bhkibh ŌČuii dof|suh$ 5$ Dx`fi lhsČŌhdii |xds ŌidxŌi f ädch}bidi sofsh oebikfŌiibh |sfeibish }uid Lod|sisxŌih şi bhkibh ŌČuii$

UhŌidådc flhbhfşi uh`fuli }h lfuh bh-f` jČlxs äd bhkČsxuČ lx }ui`xb }uidli}ix" zo` fuČsf lČ lhsČŌhfdxb uo`åd" sisxbfu ch cuh}sxui şi biehusČŌi" h|sh äd flhbfşi si`} oebikfs |Č ädch}bidhf|lČ şi ädcfsouiuibh 8=

}uhzČ~xsh ch Lod|sisxŌif şi bhkibh ŌČuii$ Flhf|sf lx fsås `fi `xbs" lx lås lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ }uh|x}xdh uh|}od|feibisfsh lizilČ$ <$ LhsČŌhdii uo`ådi |xds hkfbi äd cuh}sxui şi ädcfsouiui" jČuČ cho|heiuh ch uf|Č" dfŌiodfbisfsh" ouikidh hsdilČ" bi`eČ" uhbikih" |hq" o}idih" f}fushdhdŌČ }obisilČ" fzhuh |fx ouikidh |olifbČ şi idcijhuhds ch `ocxb  äd lfuh fx coeådcis lhsČŌhdif$

3$ LhsČŌhdif h|sh äd hqlbx|izisfsh o lah|sixdh ch |sfs $ Flh|s }uidli}ix |h ch|}uidch lx cho|heisČ lbfuisfsh cid ci|}o~iŌiibh lod|sisxŌiodfbh şi bhkfbh" lodjou` lČuouf |sfeibiuhf cuh}sxuibou şi ädcfsouiuibou  lhsČŌhdibou uo`ådi" f `ocxuibou ch coeådciuh şi ch }ihuchuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh" lod|sisxih xd fsuiexs hqlbx|iz fb |sfsxbxi$ 8$ LČ|Čsouif dx }uocxlh dili xd hjhls nxuicil f|x}uf lhsČŌhdihi |oŌibou $ Flh|s }uidli}ix |h ch|}uidch cid ci|}o~iŌiibh hq}uh|h fbh Bhkii lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh" lodjou` lČuouf ädlahihuhf lČ|Čsouihi ädsuh xd lhsČŌhfd uo`åd şi xd |suČid dx }uocxlh dili xd hjhls f|x}uf lhsČŌhdihi |oŌxbxi lfuh f coeådcis lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ  äd si`}xb lČ|Čsouihi$ \lai`efuhf lhsČŌhdihi xdxif cidsuh |oŌi dx }uocxlh dili xd hjhls f|x}uf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh f lhbxibfbs |oŌ$

W}fkidibh 596-593P Coeådciuhf şi }ihuchuhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh Coeådciuhf lhsČŌhdihi" äd khdhufb" lxdofşsh coxČ |i|sh`h" şi fdx`h> |i|sh`xb lfuh fuh bf ef~Č  }uidli}ixb nx| |fdkzidi| !cuh}sxb |ådkhbxi) şi |i|sh`xb lfuh fuh bf ef~Č  }uidli}ixb nx| |obi |fx boli !cuh}sxb bolxbxi" fcilČ fb shuisouixbxi }h lfuh |-f dČ|lxs o }hu|ofdČ)$ Flh|sh coxČ `ocxui ch coeådciuh f lhsČŌhdihi" chdx`ish şi ouikidfuh" |h uhkČ|h|l f|sČ~i äd bx`h" jiidc f}bilfsh ch lČsuh |sfsh" |fx lo`eidfs" |fx |h}fufs" hq}bilfŌiibh fbhkhuii xdxif |fx fbsxif cidsuh flh|sh coxČ |i|sh`h kČ|idcx-|h äd sufciŌiibh şi idshuh|hbh lodluhsh }h lfuh bh fx dfŌixdibh |fx }o}ofuhbh uh|}hlsizh$ Lodjou` |i|sh`xbxi  nx| |fdkzidi|" lo}ibxb chzidh lhsČŌhfdxb xdxi |sfs cflČ |h dfşsh cid }ČuidŌi lfuh" f`ådcoi |fx dx`fi xdxb" fx lhsČŌhdif |sfsxbxi uh|}hlsiz$ Lodjou` |i|sh`xbxi  nx| |obi" lo}ibxb chzidh lhsČŌhfdxb xdxi |sfs cflČ |h dfşsh }h shuisouixb |sfsxbxi uh|}hlsiz$ @ocxui ch coefdciuh f lhsfshdihi uo`fdh> 6$ Coeådciuhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh }uid dfşshuh JČlådc f}bilfŌif |i|sh`xbxi  nx| |fdkzidi|" Bhkhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh |sfeibhşsh lČ h|sh lhsČŌhfd uo`åd lo}ibxb lfuh |h dfşsh cid }ČuidŌi lhsČŌhdi uo`ådi$ Ch f|h`hdhf" h|sh lhsČŌhfd uo`åd lo}ibxb dČ|lxs cidsu-xd }Čuidsh lhsČŌhfd uo`åd şi xd }Čuidsh |suČid |fx jČuČ lhsČŌhdih$ Äd sofsh flh|sh lf~xui" shuisouixb }h lfuh |-f dČ|lxs |fx xdch co`ilibif~Č xdxb |fx f`eii }ČuidŌi dx idjbxhdŌhf~Č äd dili xd jhb lhsČŌhdif lo}ibxbxi$ 5$ Coeådciuhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh }uid uh}fsuihuh Xd fbs `oc ch coeådciuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh }uhzČ~xs ch bhkh h|sh coeådciuhf }uid uh}fsuihuh$ Äd lf~xb uh}fsuihuii" h|sh zouef ch }hu|ofdh lfuh |xds bhkfsh ch }o}ouxb uo`åd şi lfuh" cid cijhuish `osizh" fx ädsuhux}s }hdsux fdx`ish }huiofch ch si`} lodsflsxb bou lx |olihsfshf uo`ådhf|lČ$ Fşf |h hq}bilČ ch lh Bhkhf lod|ichuČ uh}fsuihuhf lf xd `oc ch coeådciuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh$ <$ Coeådciuhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh }uid fco}Ōih Xd fbs `oc ch coeådciuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh h|sh fco}Ōif$ Fşf lx` |sfeibhşsh bhkhf" lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ |h coeådchşsh ch lČsuh lo}ibxb lhsČŌhfd |suČid |fx jČuČ lhsČŌhdih" }uid fco}Ōih" cflČ fco}sfsouii |xds lhsČŌhdi uo`ådi |fx" fsxdli lådc fco}Ōif |h jflh ch o |idkxuČ }hu|ofdČ" cflČ flhf|sf h|sh lhsČŌhfd uo`åd" ifu äd sofsh lf~xuibh" lhb fco}sfs dx f ä`}bidis 61 fdi$ 3$ Coeådciuhf !floucfuhf) lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh bf lhuhuh

86

Lhb ch-fb }fsuxbhf `oc ch coeådciuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh h|sh floucfuhf bf lhuhuh$ Flh|s `oc ch coeådciuh f lhsČŌhdihi }uizhşsh }h lhsČŌhdii |suČidi |fx }hu|ofdhbh jČuČ lhsČŌhdih lfuh äşi `fdijh|sČ couidŌf ch |h idshkuf äd |olihsfshf uo`ådhf|lČ$ 8$ LhsČŌhdif lo}ibxbxi kČ|is }h shuisouixb Uo`ådihi  ]osuizis bhkii uo`ådh" lo}ibxb kČ|is }h shuisouixb uo`åd h|sh lhsČŌhfd uo`åd cflČ dili xdxb cid }ČuidŌi dx h|sh lxdo|lxs$ Flhf|sČ |obxŌih |h ädsh`hif~Č }h }uidli}ixb  nx| |fdkzidi|" }uh~x`ådcx-|h lČ lhb }xŌid xdxb cid }ČuidŌi f jo|s lhsČŌhfd uo`åd$ :$ NxuČ`ådsxb ch luhcidŌČ jfŌČ ch Uo`ådif$ Hjhlsh nxuicilh Cid hqf`idfuhf Bhkii lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh }xsh` oe|huzf lČ" äd lf~xb coeådciuii lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh bf lhuhuh |fx }uid uh}fsuihuh" |h lhuh ch}xdhuhf xdxi nxuČ`åds ch luhcidŌČ jfŌČ ch Uo`ådif$ NxuČ`ådsxb ch luhcidŌČ suhexih ch}x| äd shu`hd ch şf|h bxdi ch bf cfsf lo`xdilČuii aosČuåuii }uid lfuh |-f floucfs lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ$ NxuČ`ådsxb |h ch}xdh äd jfŌf `idi|suxbxi nx|siŌihi |fx f |hluhsfuxbxi ch |sfs chbhkfs fdx`h äd flh|s |lo}$ NxuČ`ådsxb ch luhcidŌČ fuh lf hjhls nxuicil jf}sxb lČ lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ |h coeådchşsh bf cfsf ch}xdhuii |fbh$

W}fkidibh 598-<=6P @ocxuibh ch }ihuchuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh LhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ |h }ofsh }ihuch äd xu`Čsofuhbh |isxfŌii> 6$ Uhsufkhuhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh Suhexih }uhli~fs ädlČ ch bf ädlh}xs lČ uhsufkhuhf lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh f}fuh lf o |fdlŌixdh$ Ch f|h`hdhf" }osuizis fus$ 8 !5) cid Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi" lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ dx }ofsh ji uhsuf|Č flhbxif lfuh f coeådcis-o }uid dfşshuh$ Lf fsfuh" ci|}o~iŌiibh bhkii lhsČŌhdihi dx }uizh|l flhf|sČ lfshkouih$ \h }ofsh uhsufkh lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ lhbxi lfuh> f) fjbådcx-|h äd |suČidČsfsh" |Čzåuşhşsh jf}sh cho|heis ch kufzh" }uid lfuh zfsČ`Č idshuh|hbh |sfsxbxi uo`åd |fx bh~hf~Č }uh|sikixb Uo`ådihi7 e) fjbådcx-|h äd |suČidČsfsh" |h äduobhf~Č äd jouŌhbh fu`fsh fbh xdxi |sfs lx lfuh Uo`ådif f ux}s uhbfŌiibh ci}bo`fsilh |fx lx lfuh h|sh äd |sfuh ch uČ~eoi7 l) f oeŌidxs lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ äd `oc jufxcxbo|$ 5$ UhdxdŌfuhf bf lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ Bhkhf uhkbh`hdshf~Č äd f`Čdxds lodciŌiibh äd lfuh |h }ofsh uhdxdŌf bf lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ" oukfdxb lo`}hshds f f}uoef uhdxdŌfuhf$ Äd flhf|sČ oucidh ch ichi" Bhkhf |sfeibhşsh lČ |h }ofsh f}uoef uhdxdŌfuhf bf lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ dx`fi lhsČŌhfdxbxi uo`åd lfuh f ä`}bidis zåu|sf ch 61 fdi şi dx`fi }hdsux `osizh sh`hidilh$ ]ofsh lhuh uhdxdŌfuhf bf lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ lhb lfuh> f) dx h|sh ädzidxis |fx idlxb}fs ädsu-o lfx~Č }hdfbČ oui dx fuh ch hqhlxsfs o }hchf}|Č }hdfbČ7 e) dx h|sh xu`Čuis }hdsux cheish lČsuh |sfs |fx jfŌČ ch ch }hu|ofdh nxuicilh oui ji~ilh cid ŌfuČ |fx" fzådc f|h`hdhf cheish" bh flaisČ oui }uh~idsČ kfufdŌii louh|}xd~Čsofuh }hdsux flaisfuhf bou7 l) f coeådcis oui f |obilisfs şi fuh f|ikxufuhf lČ zf coeådci o fbsČ lhsČŌhdih$ <$ Fbsh lf~xui ch }ihuchuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh  Äd fjfuf `ocxuibou ch }ihuchuh f lhsČŌhdihi uo`ådh hq}bilfsh `fi ädfidsh" bhkhf uo`ådČ `fi }uhzhch xdhbh |isxfŌii äd lfuh lhsČŌhdif |h }ihuch" |isxfŌii lfuh }uizh|l äd|Č dx`fi lo}iii `idoui" lo}ii lfuh" ch 85

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5$ Ichdsijilfsi `ocxuibh ch coefdciuh f lhsfshdihi uo`fdh |xe uhki`xb nxuicil fb Bhkii 56/699= `ocijilfsf |i lo`}bhsfsf xbshuiou> f$) coefdciuhf lhsfshdihi uo`fdh |h }ofsh uhfbi~f id lodjou`isfsh lx coxf `fui }uidli}ii> nx| |fkzidi| |i nx| boli e$) }uid fco}sih l$) }uid uh}fsuihuh c$) bf lhuhuh h$) }uid lf|fsouih F$) f" l" h E$) e" l" c L$) f" e" c UČ|}xd| louhls>6-F7 5-E

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|h |x}xdČ xdou uhkxbi nxuicilh$ H|sh hzichds lČ |sfsxb ch cuh}s f f}Čuxs lf o uh}bilČ cfsČ |sfsxbxi ch|}osil$ \}uh |jåuşisxb |hlobxbxi QZIII şi ädlh}xsxb |hlobxbxi QIQ" |-f jou`xbfs şi shouhsi~fs ichhf }osuizis lČuhif |lo}xb jxdcf`hdsfb fb |sfsxbxi h|sh ch f f|ikxuf uhfbi~fuhf cuh}sxbxi şi lČ of`hdii lfuh chŌid }xshuhf |xds |x}xşi cuh}sxbxi şi bi`isfŌi }uid cuh}s$ Uo`ådif h|sh xd |sfs ch`olufsil $ Ch`olufŌif }ofsh ji hqf`idfsČ cid `xbsh xdkaixui" şi ch fili `xbsisxcidhf ch chjidiŌii" hq}bilfŌii$ Lfuflshuxb ch`olufsil fb |sfsxbxi suhexih |Č bh äd`Čdxdlah~h }h sofsh$ Lfuflshuxb ch`olufsil fb |sfsxbxi äd|hf`dČ lČ fxsouisČŌibh }xebilh |h ädsh`hif~Č }h zoidŌf }o}ouxbxi" hq}ui`fsČ }uid fbhkhui biehuh şi louhlsh$ Ch f|h`hdhf" i`}bilČ }uolbf`fuhf şi kfufdsfuhf biehusČŌibou }xebilh$ SosocfsČ" ch`olufŌif i`}bilČ> xd |i|sh` }bxufbi|s" uh|}od|feibisfshf kxzhudfdŌibou" oebikfŌif bou ch f |h lodjou`f bhkibou" hqhulisfuhf i`}fuŌifbČ f nx|siŌihi ch lČsuh nxchlČsoui idch}hdchdŌi şi idf`ozieibi$ Ch`olufŌif fuh lf jxdcf`hds uh|}hlsfuhf jiidŌhi x`fdh şi f |sfsxbxi ch cuh}s$ Lfuflshuxb ch`olufsil fb |sfsxbxi şi |sfsxb ch cuh}s |h i`}bilČ şi |h }uh|x}xd uhli}uol$ Flh|sh suČ|Čsxui |h }os uhkČ|i flobo xdch hlaibieuxb }xshuibou h|sh uhfbi~fs" xdch |x}uh`fŌif lod|sisxŌihi h|sh f|ikxufsČ$ ]hdsux lČ" äd jodc" ch`olufŌif }ofsh ji chjidisČ şi lf co`dif cuh}sxbxi$ Uo`ådif h|sh xd |sfs |olifb $ Flh|s lfuflshu uh~xbsČ fsås cid dfsxuf |sfsxbxi" lås şi `fi fbh| cid jxdlŌiibh |fbh$ \sfsxb `ochud }ofsh şi suhexih |Č i`}ui`h sxsxuou flŌixdibou hlodo`ilh" }obisilh" lxbsxufbh" xd lodŌidxs |olifb jxdcf`hdsfs }h zfboui hsilh şi x`fdh" lfuh |Č luhh~h shuhdxb jhusib hq}ui`Čuii uhfbh f }hu|odfbisČŌii lhsČŌhdibou" f cuh}sxuibou şi biehusČŌibou bou" f şfd|hbou hkfbh$ \sfsxb |olifb dx }ofsh ji xd |i`}bx }fushdhu ch fjflhui" xd |i`}bx oe|huzfsou" li xd }fusili}fds lfuh suhexih |Č idshuzidČ" suhexih |Č fieČ idiŌifsizČ şi `fi fbh| |Č if `Č|xui lfuh |Č f|ikxuh uhfbi~fuhf eidhbxi lo`xd$ Hb suhexih |Č }uoshnh~h }h lhb |bfe" ch~fzfdsfnfs ch ch|sid şi şfd|Č" suhexih |Č |}uinidh |hlsofuhbh hlodo`ilh fjbfsh äd lui~Č" cfu lfuh |xds idci|}hd|feibh }uo`ozČuii xdxi sufi lizibi~fs" suhexih |Č f|ikxuh jxdlŌiodfuhf xdou |huzilii }xebilh ch }uoshlŌih şi idshuzhdŌih |olifbČ$ Uo`ådif" |sfs dfŌiodfb" xdisfu şi idcizi~ieib$ \xe f|}hlsxb |suxlsxuii ch |sfs" Uo`ådif |h }uh~idsČ lf xd |sfs xdisfu$ Äd lfcuxb |sfsxbxi do|sux zo` ichdsijilf chli suČ|Čsxuibh |sfsxbxi xdisfu$ F|sjhb" }h shuisouixb Uo`ådihi h|sh oukfdi~fsČ o |idkxuČ jou`fŌixdh |sfsfbČ$ Ch fili" cuh}s lod|hlidŌČ" hqi|shdŌf xdxi |idkxu  uådc ch fxsouisČŌi }xebilh lhdsufbh$ F|sjhb" äd Ōfuf dof|suČ hqi|sČ xd |idkxu }fubf`hds$ Ch f|h`hdhf" hqi|sČ xd |idkxu kxzhud şi xd |idkxu jou nxchlČsouh|l |x}uh`$ LhsČŌhdii fx o |idkxuČ lhsČŌhdih" lhsČŌhdif uo`ådČ$ Shuisouixb ŌČuii h|sh oukfdi~fs äd xdisČŌi fc`idi|sufsizshuisouifbh !nxchŌh" oufşh şi lo`xdh)" ifu fxsouisČŌibh }xebilh cid flh|sh xdisČŌi |xds |xeoucodfsh xdijou` jfŌČ ch lhbh lhdsufbh$   Ädsuhfkf oukfdi~fuh |sfsfbČ h|sh |sfeibisČ }uid Lod|sisxŌih$ Lfuflshuxb dfŌiodfb fb |sfsxbxi xdisfu uo`åd hq}ui`Č xdxb cid hbh`hdsh lod|sisxsizh fbh flh|sxif" şsixs jiidc lČ" äd fllh}Ōixdhf bfukČ" |sfsxb h|sh lod|sisxis cid < hbh`hdsh" şi fdx`h> shuisouix" }o}xbfŌih !dfŌixdhf) şi |xzhufdisfsh !}xshuhf oukfdi~fsČ |sfsfb)$

W}fkidibh <=8-<65P Jou`f ch kxzhudČ`åds ]uid jou`f ch kxzhudČ`åds ädŌhbhkh` äd khdhufb `ocxb äd lfuh |xds lod|sisxish şi jxdlŌiodhf~Č oukfdhbh |x}uh`h$ Hf h|sh uf}ousfsČ äd }uidli}ix" bf suČ|Čsxuibh chjidisouii fbh şhjxbxi ch |sfs şi bf uf}ousxuibh |fbh lx }xshuhf bhkixisofuh$ Uhfbi~ådc o |idsh~Č f jou`hbou ch kxzhudČ`åds" zo` uhŌidh lČ lhbh `fi xsibi~fsh fx jo|s şi |xds `odfuaif şi uh}xebilf$ @odfuaif Lf jou`Č ch kxzhudČ`åds" `odfuaif |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid flhhf lČ şhjxb |sfsxbxi h|sh xd `odfua !uhkh" co`d" ä`}Čufs" }uidŌ" h`iu)" fe|obxs |fx dx" huhcisfu |fx ch|h`dfs cx}Č }uolhcxui |}hlijilh" äd jxdlŌih ch sufciŌiibh uhki`xbxi lod|sisxŌiodfb$ 88

@odfuaif fe|obxsČ" lhf `fi zhlah jou`Č ch `odfuaih" |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid }xshuhf ci|luhŌiodfuČ  äd |sfs f `odfuaxbxi$ Flhf|sČ jou`Č" |}hlijilČ }ådČ bf UhzobxŌif Jufdlh~Č" f hqi|sfs }ådČ f}uof}h ch si`}xuibh dof|suh" jiidc ch `hdŌiodfs lČ bf ädlh}xsxb |hlobxbxi fb QQ-bhf hqi|sfx ädlČ coxČ i`}huii fe|obxsh" şi fdx`h I`}huixb Ux| şi I`}huixb Oso`fd$ @odfuaif bi`isfsČ !lod|sisxŌiodfbČ )" fşf lx` o fufsČ laifu chdx`iuhf" |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid bi`isfuhf }xshuibou `odfuaxbxi }uid bhkhf jxdcf`hdsfbČ f |sfsxbxi !lod|sisxŌif)$ Lx sofsh flh|sh bi`isČui" `odfuaxb fuh xd `fuh uob" fsuiexŌiibh }fubf`hdsxbxi jiidc uhcx|h$ @odfuaif }fubf`hdsfuČ cxfbi|s Č h|sh o jou`Č f `odfuaihi lod|sisxŌiodfbh" äd lfuh `odfuaxb şi }fubf`hdsxb |Čx |sfx" cid }xdls ch zhchuh bhkfb" }h o }o~iŌih hkfbČ$ @odfuaif }fubf`hdsfuČ lodsh`}oufdČ " ädsåbdisČ f|sČ~i äd @fuhf Euisfdih" Ehbkif" Obfdcf" ŌČuibh |lfdcidfzh" lf o hq}uh|ih f sufciŌihi şi i|souihi flh|sou ŌČui" fuh `fi `xbs xd lfuflshu |i`eobil$ @odfuaxb }Č|suhf~Č xdhbh }uhuokfsizh" }uhlx` cuh}sxb ch f ci~obzf }fubf`hdsxb" cuh}sxb ch dx`iui äd jxdlŌii |x}huiofuh" cuh}sxb ch f uhjx~f |h`dfuhf xdou bhki$ Uh}xebilf Uh}xebilf h|sh flhf jou`Č ch kxzhudČ`åds äd lfuh lhsČŌhdii |h kxzhudhf~Č |idkxui" ch|h`dådcx-şi }uhşhcidshbh |fx fbhkådc xd şhj ch |sfs" chdx`is ch uhkxbČ }uhşhcidsh$  Äd uh}xebilČ" kxzhudfuhf |h ädjČ}sxihşsh }uid uh}uh~hdsfdŌi fbhşi cx}Č }uolhcxui hbhlsoufbh$ Fili" şhjxb ch |sfs" }uhşhcidshbh ch uh}xebilČ |xds fbhşi jih }uid zos xdizhu|fb" jih ch lČsuh ]fubf`hds" ch|h`dfuh lh chshu`idČ lbf|ijilČui fbh flh|shi jou`h ch kxzhudČ`åds$ Uh}xebilf }fubf`hdsfuČ |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid fbhkhuhf şhjxbxi ch |sfs ch lČsuh }fubf`hds" |idkxu  |fx lo`}bhsfs lx chbhkfŌi" äd jfŌf lČuxif flh|sf ch fbsjhb uČ|}xdch" dxfdŌfs ch|ikxu$ CfsouisČ flh|sxi bxlux" }o~iŌif bhkfbČ f şhjxbxi ch |sfs h|sh idjhuiofuČ }fubf`hdsxbxi !Isfbif" Fx|suif" Khu`fdif" Jidbfdcf)$ Uh}xebilf }uh~ichdŌifbČ |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid fbhkhuhf şhjxbxi ch |sfs ch lČsuh lhsČŌhdi" jih ciuhls }uid zos xdizhu|fb" hkfb" |hluhs şi biehu hq}ui`fs" jih idciuhls }uid idshu`hcixb lobhkiibou hbhlsoufbh !hbhlsoui"  äd \$X$F$" ch hqh`}bx)$ Flh|s `oc ch ch|h`dfuh f }uhşhcidshbxi ch uh}xebilČ äb |isxhf~Č" cid }xdls ch zhchuh bhkfb" }h o }o~iŌih hkfbČ lx }fubf`hdsxb$ Äd uh}xebilf }uh~ichdŌifbČ" }uhuokfsizhbh şhjxbxi ch |sfs |xds }xshudilh$ Jou`f ch kxzhudČ`åds f Uo`ådihi  HzobxŌif jou`hi ch kxzhudČ`åds äd Uo`ådif f uhjbhlsfs ädsuhfkf hzobxŌih i|souilČ" ch bf jou`fuhf |sfsxbxi xdisfu uo`åd !6189) }ådČ äd }uh~hds$ Äd flh|s |hd| zo` f`idsi lČ" }osuizis \sfsxsxbxi bxi Lx~f !61:3)" }xshuibh }xebilh hufx ädluhcidŌfsh —Co`dxbxi" xdhi FcxdČui }odchufsilh şi FcxdČuii hbhlsizh‐" co`dif lfuflshui~ådc chli id|sisxŌif ch şhj ch |sfs$ @odfuaif h|sh `hdŌidxsČ şi ch lod|sisxŌiibh cid 69::" 695< şi 69<1$ Jou`f `odfuailČ f jo|s ädbolxisČ lx jou`f uh}xebilfdČ ch kxzhudČ`åds }uid Bhkhf <:< cid <= chlh`euih 693;$ Uh}xebilf f jo|s lod|flufsČ }uid lod|sisxŌiibh cid fdii 6931" 6985" 69:8$ Cx}Č UhzobxŌif cid Chlh`euih 6919" }uid Chluhsxb-Bhkh du$ 5 |-f uhfjiu`fs jou`f ch kxzhudČ`åds uh}xebilfdČ" ifu }osuizis bhki|bfŌihi" |-f id|sisxis jxdlŌif ch ]uhşhcidsh fb Uo`ådihi$ Lod|sisxŌif flsxfbČ f Uo`ådihi" }uid fusilobxb 6" |sfeibhşsh lČ jou`f ch kxzhudČ`åds f |sfsxbxi uo`åd h|sh uh}xebilf$ ]uhşhcidshbh Uo`ådihi h|sh fbh| }uid zos xdizhu|fb şi dx h|sh |xeoucodfs ]fubf`hdsxbxi$ W}fkidibh <65-<63P \suxlsxuf ch |sfs DoŌixdhf şi jou`hbh |suxlsxuii ch |sfs ]uid |suxlsxuf ch |sfs" lf doŌixdh" |h ädŌhbhkh oukfdi~fuhf ch fd|f`ebx f }xshuii äd uf}ous lx shuisouixb"  äd |hd|xb cflČ |sfsxb h|sh lod|sisxis cid xdxb |fx `fi `xbsh |sfsh `h`euh$ Shuisouixb  h|sh xdf cidsuh 8:

ef~hbh oukfdi~Čuii }xshuii ch |sfs lh idshuh|hf~Č cuh}sxb lod|sisxŌiodfb" äd }ui`xb uådc" |xe f|}hlsxb |suxlsxuii ch |sfs$ \suxlsxuf ch |sfs  dx h|sh fbslhzf chlås oukfdi~fuhf ch fd|f`ebx f }xshuii äd uf}ous lx shuisouixb" hf idcilådcx-dh cflČ xd |sfs h|sh lod|sisxis cid xdxb |fx `fi `xbsh |sfsh `h`euh$ Jou`hbh |suxlsxuii ch |sfs    Äd jou`hbh |suxlsxuii ch |sfs lx}uidch` |sfsxb xdisfu şi |sfsxb jhchufsiz$ \sfsxb xdisfu h|sh chdx`is" äd bishufsxuf ch |}hlifbisfsh" şi |sfsxb |i`}bx" ifu |sfsxb jhchufsiz `fi h|sh fdfbi~fs şi |xe chdx`iuhf ch |sfs lo`}x| |fx lo`}bhq" fbČsxui ch f|olifŌiibh ch |sfsh$ f) \sfsxb xdisfu |fx |i`}bx $ Lf jou`Č f |suxlsxuii ch |sfs" |sfsxb xdisfu |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid hqi|shdŌf xdou jou`fŌixdi |sfsfbh xdilh şi }uid hqi|shdŌf xdxi |idkxu uådc ch oukfdh lhdsufbh ch |sfs !xd |idkxu  oukfd bhkixisou" xd |idkxu kxzhud" xd |idkxu oukfd nxchlČsouh|l |x}uh`)$ LhsČŌhdii |sfsxbxi xdisfu fx o |idkxuČ lhsČŌhdih" ifu  oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi  h|sh f|sjhb jČlxsČ" ädlås" ch }uidli}ix" fc`idi|sufsiz-shuisouifbh |h |xeoucodhf~Č xdijou` jfŌČ ch oukfdhbh ch |sfs oukfdhbh ch |sfs cid xdisČŌibh fc`idi|sufsiz-shuisouifbh lhdsufbh$ O lod|hlidŌČ i`}ousfdsČ f flh|sou suČ|Čsxui o uh}uh~idsČ şi jf}sxb lČ" äd }uidli}ix" cuh}sxb h|sh f}bilfs xdijou` }h ädsuhk shuisouixb |sfsxbxi xdisfu$ \xds |sfsh xdisfuh Uo`ådif" Exbkfuif" \xhcif" Isfbif$ e) \sfsxb jhchufsiz" lo`}x| |fx uhkiodfb $ \}uh cho|heiuh ch |sfsxb xdisfu" |sfsxb jhchufsiz h|sh jou`fs cid coxČ |fx `fi `xbsh |sfsh `h`euh" }uid xdiuhf lČuouf f}fuh xd dox |sfs" jhchufŌif “ lf |xeihls xdisfu ch cuh}s$ Hb |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid hqi|shdŌf f coxČ uådcxui ch oukfdh lhdsufbh ch |sfs" şi fdx`h oukfdhbh jhchufŌihi !]fubf`hds" Kxzhud" oukfd |x}uh` nxchlČsouh|l) şi oukfdhbh |sfshbou `h`euh" äd |hd|xb lČ jihlfuh |sfs `h`eux fuh xd ]fubf`hds" xd kxzhud şi xd oukfd nxchlČsouh|l |x}uh` }uo}uii$ Uh~xbsådc cid xdiuhf |sfshbou `h`euh" lfuh-şi `hdŌid sosxşi o fdx`isČ idch}hdchdŌČ" jhchufŌif |h lfuflshui~hf~Č şi }uidsu-o |suxlsxuČ f}fush f oukfdhbou ch |sfs jhchufsizh$ F|sČ~i" jou`f ch |sfs jhchufbČ h|sh uhkČ|isČ äd `xbsh |sfsh$ ]h lodsidhdsxb f`huilfd fx |suxlsxuČ jhchufbČ \sfshbh Xdish" Lfdfcf" @hqilxb" Euf~ibif" Fukhdsidf" Zhdh~xhbf$ Äd Hxuo}f" |xds |sfsh jhchufsizh HbzhŌif" Khu`fdif" ifu äd F|if şi Olhfdif" Idcif" Fx|sufbif$  F|olifŌiibh ch |sfsh   Äd lfcuxb f|olifŌiibou ch |sfsh |xds lhulhsfsh äd `oc oeişdxis xdixdhf }hu|odfbČ" xdixdhf uhfbČ şi lodjhchufŌif$ F|olifŌiibh ch |sfsh dx lod|sisxih jou`h fbh |suxlsxuii ch |sfs" hbh dhcådc dfşshuh bf |sfsh doi şi chli" i`}bilis" bf doi |xeihlsh ch cuh}s$ Hbh |xds jou`h fbh zihŌii idshudfŌiodfbh" lod|sisxish şi jxdlŌiodådc }h ef~f sufsfshbou idshudfŌiodfbh" |sfshbh `h`euh }Č|suådcx-şi idch}hdchdŌf$ f) Xdixdhf }hu|odfbČ h|sh o f|olifŌih ch coxČ |fx `fi `xbsh |sfsh idch}hdchdsh" lfuh fx lo`xd cofu  şhjxb |sfsxbxi$ Hf dx }ofsh ji jou`Č f |suxlsxuii ch |sfs" chofuhlh dx h|sh xd |sfs dox$ Xdixdhf }hu|odfbČ f jo|s lod|hlidŌf bhkibou ch |xllh|ixdh bf suod |fx f fbhkhuii xdxi şhj ch |sfs lo`xd$ e) Xdixdhf uhfbČ h|sh o f|olifŌih ch |sfsh äd lfuh" }h bådkČ şhjxb |sfsxbxi" hqi|sČ şi fbsh oukfdh ch |sfs lo`xdh$ Id lf~xb xdixdibou uhfbh |-f }xsxs zouei ädsu-fchzČu ch o jou`Č f |suxlsxuii ch |sfs" dx dx`fi }hdsux lČ äd khdhufb bi |-f uhlxdo|lxs cuh}sxb ch f flŌiodf äd uhbfŌiibh idshudfŌiodfbh lf xd |idkxu |sfs" cfu şi lf o lod|hlidŌČ f jf}sxbxi lČ hbh fzhfx şi fbsh oukfdh lo`xdh chlås şhjxb |sfsxbxi$ F` fcČxkf bf flh|fsf şi jf}sxb lČ" äd xdhbh lf~xui" xdixdhf uhfbČ f jo|s o hsf}Č |}uh jou`fuhf |sfsxbxi xdisfu" lhhf lh }xdh ädsu-o bx`idČ |}hlijilČ" }uo}uih" uf}ousxuibh cidsuh |sfshbh `h`euh fbh xdixdii uhfbh !ch hqh`}bx" ]uidli}fshbh Xdish)$ Xdixdi uhfbh lxdo|lxsh äd i|souih |xds> ]uidli}fshbh Xdish ädsuh 53 ifdxfuih 6189 şi 53 ifdxfuih 61:57 Fx|suif şi Xdkfuif ädsuh fdii 61:;-69617 Douzhkif şi \xhcif ädsuh fdii 6168-69=87 Cfdh`fulf şi I|bfdcf ädsuh fdii 6961-6933$ l) LodjhchufŌif ch |sfsh h|sh o f|olifŌih ch |sfsh idch}hdchdsh chshu`idfsČ ch lod|ichuhdsh hlodo`ilh şi }obisilh fsås ch oucid idshud" lås şi ch oucid hqshud" lfuh dx cČ dfşshuh xdxi |sfs dox" lf |xeihls idcizicxfbi~fs ch cuh}s$ \sfshbh lfuh jou`hf~Č lodjhchufŌif xu`Čuh|l uhfbi~fuhf xdou |lo}xui lo`xdh hlodo`ilh" jidfdlifuh" }obisilh" ch f}Čufuh$ Äd zhchuhf ci|lxsČuii şi aosČuåuii äd }uoebh`h lo`xdh" |sfshbh lodjhchufsh äşi fbhk xd oukfdi|` lo`xd" chdx`is cihsČ |fx lodkuh|" fbh lČuxi aosČuåui |xds f}uoefsh xbshuiou ch lČsuh |sfsh$ Bf ef~f lodjhchufŌihi |sČ sufsfsxb idshudfŌiodfb$ Hqh`}bh ch 8;

lodjhchufŌii ch |sfsh> LodjhchufŌiibh |sfshbou f`huilfdh ädsuh fdii 6;;1-6;1;7 LodjhchufŌif khu`fdilČ  ädsuh 6168-61;67 LodjhchufŌif hbzhŌifdČ ädsuh fdii 6168-6131$

W}fkidibh <63-<56P Oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsiz-|sfsfbČ DoŌixdhf şi i`}ousfdŌf oukfdi~Čuii fc`idi|sufsizh f shuisouixbxi Shuisouixb idshuh|hf~Č cuh}sxb lod|sisxŌiodfb |xe coxČ f|}hlsh" şi fdx`h |suxlsxuf ch |sfs şi oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi $ Jiidc zouef ch xd jflsou lo`xd “ shuisouixb “" f}fuh hzichdsČ bhkČsxuf lh oukfdi~fuh fc`idi|sufsizČ fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi şi lhf ch |suxlsxuČ ch |sfs$ hqi|sČ ädsuh doŌixdhf ch oukfdi~fuh Id oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi " hbh`hdsxb xdil h|sh shuisouixb" chofuhlh hb jflh oeihlsxb oukfdi~Čuii äd xdisČŌi$ Shuisouixb jiidc xdf cid ef~hbh oukfdi~Čuii }xshuii ch |sfs" chjidiŌif suhexih |Č hq}ui`h uhbfŌif cidsuh shuisouix şi oukfdi~fuhf }xshuii ch |sfs$ @fi `xbs" }o}xbfŌif dx lod|sisxih äd sosfbisfshf hi o ef~Č f oukfdi~Čuii }xshuii ch |sfs" chofuhlh dx sofsČ }o}xbfŌif }fusili}Č bf lodcxlhuhf ch |sfs" bf flhf|sf }fusili}ådc dx`fi lhsČŌhdii$ Lod|sisxŌiibh Uo`ådihi fx |sfeibis hq}uh| lČ shuisouixb ŌČuii dof|suh h|sh idfbihdfeib şi idcizi~ieib$ Bf |jåuşisxb flh|sou lod|ichufŌixdi" }xsh` |}xdh lČ oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi  h|sh chbi`isfuhf shuisouixbxi xdxi |sfs äd xdisČŌi fc`idi|sufsiz-shuisouifbh" chbi`isfuh jČlxsČ äd |lo}xb uhfbi~Čuii oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi |h jflh äd xdisfuh f }xshuii$ Zo` fcČxkf bf lhbh ch `fi |x| lČ oukfdi~fuhf jxdlŌih ch fdx`ish oeihlsizh şi luishuii şi lČ uhfbi~fuhf xdisfuČ f }xshuii |h ädjČ}sxihşsh }uid oukfdhbh ch |sfs fşh~fsh äd shuisouix$

Oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ flsxfbČ f shuisouixbxi Uo`ådihi Id fdxb 69:1" |-f fco}sfs Bhkhf du$ 5/69:1 }uizidc oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsizČ f shuisouixbxi$ Shuisouixb ŌČuii f jo|s oukfdi~fs" äd ef~f Lod|sisxŌihi şi f doii bhki" äd nxchŌh" oufşh şi lo`xdh$ XdisČŌibh fc`idi|sufsiz-shuisouifbh fc`idi|sufsiz-shuisouifbh

Lod|sisxŌif flsxfbČ |sfeibhşsh" }uid fus$
|fsh" äd jxdlŌih ch lodciŌiibh hlodo`ilh" |olifb-lxbsxufbh" khokufjilh şi ch`okufjilh$ \fshbh äd lfuh-şi fx |hciibh fxsouisČŌibh }xebilh lo`xdfbh |xds |fsh uhşhcidŌČ$ \sfŌixdibh efbdho-lbi`fshuilh$ Suhexih |Č |xebidih` ädlČ ch bf ädlh}xs lČ |sfŌixdibh efbdho-lbi`fshuilh dx lod|sisxih xdisČŌi fc`idi|sufsiz-shuisouifbh ci|sidlsh ch lhbh `hdŌiodfsh }ådČ flx`$ Lodjou` Bhkii 5/69:1" oufşhbh şi lo`xdhbh lfuh" cfsouisČ lodciŌiibou lbi`fshuilh" aicuokufjilh |fx fşh~Čuii bou" }uh~idsČ i`}ousfdŌČ }hdsux oluosiuhf |ČdČsČŌii şi f|ikxufuhf ociadhi lhsČŌhdibou" |xds oukfdi~fsh lf |sfŌixdi efbdho-lbi`fshuilh$ \fshbh şi lČsxdhbh$ Bhkhf fc`idi|sufŌihi }xebilh bolfbh |sfeibhşsh }o|ieibisfshf jou`Čuii lo`xdhbou cid xdxb |fx `fi `xbsh |fsh şi lČsxdh$

W}fkidibh <56-<59P \xeihlsh }hdsux }uhkČsiuhf }uhk Čsiuhf äd zhchuhf hzfbxČuii jidfbh> ‥ Chjidisi lfuflshuhbh |sfsxbxi uo`fd ‥ Jou`hbh ch kxzhudf`fds kxzhudf`fds Jou`hbh |suxlsxuii ch |sfs ‥ Oukfdi~fuhf fc`idi|sufsiz shuisouifbf f Uo`fdihi ‥ F]BILFŅII HqhuliŌii uh~obzfsh 6$ F|olifsiibh ch |sfsh lx}uidc> f$) jhchufsif ch |sfsh e$) xdixdhf }hu|odfbf l$) uhkixdibh fxsodo`h c$) xdixdhf uhfbf h$) lodjhchufsif ch |sfsh F$) f" l" c E$) f" e" l L$) e" c" h

5$ xdisfsibh fc`idi|sufsiz shuisouifbh cid Uo`fdif |xds> f$) ouf|xb e$) nxchsxb l$) lo`xdf c$) |sfsixdibh efbdho-lbi`fshuilh h$) |fshbh |i lfsxdhbh F$) f" e" l" c E$) e" l" c" h L$) f" e" l" h UČ|}xd| louhls>6-L7 5-L 

LXU\XB 63 “ Oukfdi~fuhf }xshuibou id |sfs ⇕ ]xshuhf ch |sfs" }xshuibh }xebilh ⇕ \h}fufsif }xshuibou" hlaibieuxb }xshuibou" lobfeoufuhf }xshuibou  ⇕ Lod|flufuhf |h}fufsihi }xshuibou id Lod|sisxsif Uo`fdihi 89

Oeihlsizhbh Lxu|xbxi 63 ‥ ‥ ‥ ‥

Chjidiuhf }xshuii ch |sfs Suf|fsxuibh khdhufbh fbh }xshuii oukfdi~fsh |sfsfb Shouif lbf|ilf f |h}fufsihi }xshuibou id |sfs \h}fufsif }xshuibou id Lod|sisxsif Uo`fdihi

Lodlh}sh-lahih sufsfsh> ]xshuhf ch |sfs “ jou`f ch oukfdi~fuh |sfsfbf f }xshuii }o}ouxbxi" oukfdi~fuh lh |h uhfbi~hf~f }uid `fi `xbsh kux}h ch oukfdh ch |sfs" lx jxdlsii |i suf|fsxui lbfu chjidish |i lfuflshui~fsh }uid fxsodo`ih oukfdi~fsouilf oukfdi~fsouilf |i jxdlsiodfbf" }uhlx` |i }uid hlaibieux uhli}uol |i lobfeoufuh$ Shouif |h}fufsihi }xshuibou id |sfs “ h|sh o nx|sijilfuh ichobokilf f xdxi |lo} }obisil jofush lodluhs |i fdx`h |bfeiuhf }xshuii kxzhudfdsibou id fd|f`ebx" bi`isfdcx-i }h xdii }uid fbsii$ \h}fufsif lo`}ousf coxf f|}hlsh" |i fdx`h |h}fufsif }fubf`hdsxbxi jfsf ch kxzhud |i |h}fufsif   nxui|cilsiibou id uf}ous lx kxzhudfdsii" jf}s lh }hu`ish lodsuobxb flh|souf }uid nxchlfsoui idch}hdchdsi$ ]xshuhf ch |sfs" }xshuibh }xebilh Lfshkouif lhf `fi ch| ädsåbdisČ äd shouif şi }uflsilf |i|sh`hbou lod|sisxŌiodfbh h|sh lfshkouif ch }xshuh$ Hf f}fuh äd hq}ui`Čui dxfdŌfsh" }uhlx`> }xshuhf }obisilČ" }xshuh ch |sfs" }xshui }obisilh |fx }xu şi |i`}bx }xshuh$ Xdhoui" lfshkouif ch }xshuh h|sh hq}ui`fsČ }uid lhf ch |xzhufdisfsh$ Lod|sisxŌif flsxfbČ f Uo`ådihi" }uid fus$ 5" |sfeibhşsh lČ —\xzhufdisfshf dfŌiodfbČ f}fuŌidh }o}ouxbxi uo`åd" lfuh o hqhulisČ }uid oukfdhbh |fbh uh}uh~hdsfsizh şi }uid uhjhuhdcx`‐$ \sfsxb dx h|sh fbslhzf chlås oukfdi~fuhf |sfsfbČ f }xshuii }o}ouxbxi" h|sh id|sisxŌiodfbi~fuhf flh|shi }xshui$ CflČ zouei` ch|}uh |sfs |fx }xshuh !}xshui) ch |sfs" zouei` ch|}uh xdxb şi flhbfşi bxlux$ Ch fili ichdsisfshf ädsuh hq}uh|iibh fxsouisČŌi |sfsfbh şi fxsouisČŌi fbh }xshuii |fx jxdlŌiibh |sfsxbxi şi jxdlŌiibh }xshuii$  Äd bhkČsxuČ lx hq}uh|iibh }xshuh }obisilČ şi }xshuh ch |sfs " |h i`}xd" ch f|h`hdhf" xdhbh }uhli~Čui$ Hbh }os hzolf flhbhfşi doŌixdi" cfu }os ji jobo|ish şi }hdsux f hzolf doŌixdi lh |h fjbČ ädsu-o |suåd|Č bhkČsxuČ"   äd|Č dhlodjxdcfeibh şi lfuh }uizh|l jhdo`hdxb khdhufb !lo`}bhq) ch }xshuh$ F|sjhb" cflČ shu`hdxb  }obisil  ch|h`dhf~Č lfuflshuxb |olifb fb }xshuii" hq}uh|if  }xshuh }obisilČ ch|h`dhf~Č }xshuhf }o}ouxbxi" f dfŌixdii$ Shu`hdxb  }obisil  }ofsh ch|h`df lfuflshuxb }xshuii xdou jou`fŌixdi" f|olifŌii" fb }xshuii }fusichbou$ ]xshuibh |sfsfbh fx şi hbh suČ|Čsxui }obisilh" ifu shu`hdxb }obisil bf uådcxb |Čx h|sh dxfdŌfs hq}bilfs$ ]hdsux lf |i|sh`xb shouhsil }h lfuh-b lod|suxi` |Č jih lbfu" zo` jobo|i shu`hdxb  }xshuh }obisilČ }hdsux f ch|h`df  }xshuhf }o}ouxbxi " lfuh fuh xd lodŌidxs `fi bfuk chlås oukfdi~fuhf |f |sfsfbČ" fbsjhb |}x| chlås }xshuhf !}xshuibh) ch |sfs$ ]xshuhf !}xshuibh) ch |sfs h|sh }fushf id|sisxŌiodfbČ f }xshuii }obisilh" cfu dx-i h}xi~hf~Č |jhuf" kČ|idcx-dh fili äd uhbfŌif ch bf ädsuhk bf }fush$ Ädsu-o f|h`hdhf zi~ixdh şsiidŌijilČ" suČ|Čsxuibh }xshuii }obisilh |h uhkČ|h|l äd }xshuibh |sfsxbxi" cfu suČ|Čsxuibh |sfsxbxi dx |h uhkČ|h|l äd sosfbisfsh äd fd|f`ebxb }xshuii }obisilh$ ]xshuhf |sfsfbČ" ädsu-o hq}bilfŌih |i`}bČ" h|sh jou`f ch oukfdi~fuh |sfsfbČ f }xshuii }o}ouxbxi$ CflČ flhf|sČ oukfdi~fuh |h uhfbi~hf~Č }uid `fi `xbsh kux}h !lfshkouii" fxsouisČŌi" }xshui) ch oukfdh ch |sfs" lx jxdlŌii !ä`}xshudiliui) şi suČ|Čsxui lbfu chjidish şi lfuflshui~fsh }uid fxsodo`ih oukfdi~fsouilČ şi jxdlŌiodfbČ" }uhlx` şi }uid hlaibieux uhli}uol şi lobfeoufuh" |xdsh` äd }uh~hdŌf |h}fufŌihi" hlaibieuxbxi   }xshuibou $ Flhf|sČ |sfuh h|sh |}hlijilČ |i|sh`hbou ch kxzhudČ`åds ch`olufsilh$ :=

JxdlŌif jxdcf`hdsfbČ f |sfsxbxi h|sh ch f hq}ui`f şi uhfbi~f" lf zoidŌČ khdhufb oebikfsouih !zoidŌf ch |sfs)" zoidŌf }o}ouxbxi$

SuČ|Čsxuibh khdhufbh fbh }xshuii oukfdi~fsh |sfsfb$ Cho|heiuibh ch fbsh }xshui }xs hui  ÄdŌhbhkh` }uid suČ|Čsxui khdhufbh fbh }xshuii ch |sfs flhbh lfuflshuh h|hdŌifbh şi lo`xdh sxsxuou si}xuibou  ch }xshuh ch |sfs" lfuh }hu`is kux}fuhf bou ädsu-o doŌixdh khdhufbČ şi lfuh cijhuhdŌif~Č äd flhbfşi si`} }xshuhf ch |sfs ch ouilh fbs jhdo`hd$ ]os ji ichdsijilfsh xu`Čsofuhbh suČ|Čsxui khdhufbh fbh }xshuii ch |sfs> 6) lfuflshuxb ch }xshuh7 5) }xshuh ch lod|suådkhuh7 <) }xshuh |olifbČ7 3) }xshuhf ch f hq}ui`f şi uhfbi~f zoidŌf lf zoidŌČ ch |sfs7 8) lfuflshuxb oukfdi~fs7 :) |xzhufdisfshf$ W}fkidibh <<=-<<3P \h}fufŌif }xshuibou" hlaibieuxb }xshuibou" lobfeoufuhf }xshuibou  Shouif |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou h|sh o shouih lhbheuČ" ch bfukČ fxcihdŌČ şi juhlzhds idzolfsČ$ \xe dx`hbh ch shouih f |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou äd |sfs |h f|lxdc" äd uhfbisfsh" `fi `xbsh shouii uhjhuisofuh bf }xshuhf ch |sfs" lfuh fdfbi~hf~Č cizhu|h `ocfbisČŌi ch hqhulisfuh f flh|shif$ Shouif |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou f fzxs xd uob f}fush" }ofsh chli|iz" äd }uo`ozfuhf |i|sh`xbxi uh}uh~hdsfsiz" fcilČ äd zfbouijilfuhf ch`olufsilČ f uhbfŌihi cidsuh chŌidČsouxb |xzhufd fb }xshuii !}o}ouxb" dfŌixdhf) şi oukfdi~fuhf |sfsfbČ f }xshuii }obisilh" äd lČxsfuhf" äd laifu oukfdi~fuhf |sfsfbČ şi jxdlŌiodfuhf }xshuii" f kfufdŌiibou hqhulisČuii cuh}sxuibou o`xbxi şi lhsČŌhfdxbxi$ H|sh o shouih lfuh f |sfs bf ef~f hbfeouČuii lod|sisxŌiibou" fjiu`fŌiibh cid ChlbfufŌif cuh}sxuibou o`xbxi şi lhsČŌhfdxbxi  !6;19)" JufdŌf" |sådc `Čusxuih   äd flh|s |hd|$ F|sjhb" }osuizis ChlbfufŌihi `hdŌiodfsh" o |olihsfsh äd lfuh kfufdŌif cuh}sxuibou dx h|sh f|ikxufsČ" şi dili |h}fufŌif }xshuibou dx h|sh chshu`idfsČ" dx fuh o lod|sisxŌih$ HdxdŌfsČ ch lČsuh Noad Bolgh ! Sufisé cx koxzhudh`hds lizib " 6:9=)" shouif |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou h|sh chjidisizfsČ şi hq}bilfsČ }h bfuk ch lČsuh @odsh|vxihx !Lafubh|-Boxi| ch \hlodcfs" efuod ch bf Euhch hs |}iuisxb bhkibou !6;13)$ @odsh|vxihx f jČlxs ch @odsh|vxihx" dČ|lxs äd 6:19) äd lhbheuf bxlufuh Ch|}uh |}iuisxb bhkibou  cid |h}fufŌif }xshuibou xd hjilihds id|sux`hds fb |ikxufdŌhi lhsČŌhdibou$ Uh~xbsČ cid lhbheuf bxlufuh Ch|}uh |}iuisxb bhkibou lČ sosxb fu ji }ihucxs —cflČ flhbfşi o` |fx flhbfşi lou} ch juxdsfşi" jih fb doeibibou" jih fb }o}ouxbxi" fu hqhulisf flh|sh suhi }xshui> }h lhf ch f jflh bhki" }h lhf ch f fcxlh bf ädch}bidiuh aosČuåuibh oeşshşsi şi }h lhf ch f nxchlf idjuflŌixdibh |fx bisikiibh cidsuh }fusilxbfui‐$ Shouif lbf|ilČ f |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou äd |sfs \idshsi~ådc shouif lbf|ilČ f |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou" zo` }xshf uhŌidh `fi `xbsh ichi$ Äd ouilh |olihsfsh oukfdi~fsČ äd |sfs hqi|sČ suhi jxdlŌii> ch hcilsfuh ch uhkxbi nxuicilh |fx jxdlŌif bhki|bfsizČ7 ch hqhlxsfuh f flh|sou uhkxbi |fx jxdlŌif hqhlxsizČ7 ch nxchlfuh f bisikiibou |fx jxdlŌif nxui|cilŌiodfbČ$ Jihlfuh jxdlŌih h|sh lodjhuisČ xdou oukfdh ci|sidlsh> }xshuhf bhki|bfsizČ" fcxdČuibou uh}uh~hdsfsizh7 }xshuhf hqhlxsizČ" şhjxbxi |sfsxbxi" hzhdsxfb şhjxbxi ch kxzhud şi `idişsuibou7 }xshuhf nxchlČsouhf|lČ" oukfdhbou nxcilifuh$ Bf ädlh}xs" shouif |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou äd |sfs idshu~ilhf cofu lf lhbh suhi jxdlŌii |Č jih hqhulisfsh ch flhbfşi oukfd$ ]hdsux f ädbČsxuf }huilobxb ch|}osi|`xbxi" suhexif lf lhbh suhi jxdlŌii |sfsfbh |Č jih cizi~fsh şi ci|suiexish ädsuh `fi `xbsh fxsouisČŌi" idcijhuhds lx` fu ji jo|s uhfbi~fsČ flhf|sČ |h}fufŌih$ Flhhfşi jxdlŌih }xshf ji hqhulisfsČ ch `fi `xbsh oukfdh" i`}ousfds huf äd|Č lf flhbfşi oukfd |Č dx }ofsČ hqhulisf `fi `xbsh jxdlŌii$ :6

Shouif |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou h|sh äd uhfbisfsh o nx|sijilfuh ichobokilČ f xdxi |lo} }obisil jofush lodluhs> |bČeiuhf }xshuii kxzhudfdŌibou äd fd|f`ebx" bi`isådcx-i }h xdii }uid fbŌii$ \h lod|ichuČ lČ |h}fufŌif }xshuibou lo`}ousČ coxČ f|}hlsh eidh lodsxufsh> f) |h}fufŌif }fubf`hdsxbxi zi~fzi ch kxzhud7 e) |h}fufŌif nxui|cilŌiibou nxui|cilŌiib ou äd uf}ous lx kxzhudfdŌii" jf}s lh }hu`ish lodsuobxb flh|souf }uid  nxchlČsoui idch}hdchdŌi$

Oukfdi~fuhf |sfsfbČ lodsh`}oufdČ f }xshuii }obisilh Låshzf lod|ichufŌii }uizidc oukfdi~fuhf |sfsfbČ lodsh`}oufdČ f }xshuii }obisilh |xds i`}ousfdsh$ CoxČ lod|sfsČui uh~xbsČ f~i cid shouif şi }uflsilf |sfsfbČ" şi fdx`h> lodsidxisfshf xdou |suxlsxui sufciŌiodfbh şi sufd|jou`fuhf sufd|jou`fuhf jxdlŌiibou flh|souf$ Lås }uizhşsh `hdŌidhuhf xdou |suxlsxui sufciŌiodfbh" h|sh |i`}bx ch oe|huzfs lČ şi f|sČ~i ci|sidlŌif ädsuh bhki|bfsiz şi hqhlxsiz uČ`ådh o suČ|ČsxuČ jxdcf`hdsfbČ f uhki`xuibou }obisilh$ Flh|sh |suxlsxui sufciŌiodfbh fx lxdo|lxs şi lxdo|l o }hu`fdhdsČ sufd|jou`fuh$ Flh|sh sufd|jou`Čui |-fx cfsoufs shdcidŌhi ch f |h cf hqhlxsizxbxi kuinf `fuibou chli~ii }obisilh" ]fubf`hdsxbxi uh~huzådcx-i-|h uobxb ch uhjbhlŌih şi ch lodsuob fb Kxzhudxbxi$ Ch f|h`hdhf" sufd|jou`Čuibh |h hq}bilČ }uid flhhf lČ äd jf}s h|sh zouef ch xd hlaibieux fb }xshuibou" şi dx ch o |h}fufŌih lfuh cid |sfus lod|ichuČ }oshdŌifb fdsfkodi|sh }fubf`hdsxb şi Kxzhudxb$ W}fkidibh <<8-<3=P Lod|flufuhf |h}fufŌihi }xshuibou äd |sfs äd Lod|sisxŌif Uo`ådihi Hqf`idådc ci|}o~iŌiibh Lod|sisxŌihi Uo`ådihi" }xsh` lod|sfsf lČ hf lod|fluČ hlaibieuxb }xshuibou äd |sfs  äd lodŌidxsxb şi |h`dijilfŌif |f şsiidŌijilČ şi" ch|ikxu" `ochudČ$ @fi `xbsh fukx`hdsh |xds }husidhdsh şi" ch|ikxu" lodzidkČsofuh$ f) Fusilobxb 6" fbidhfsxb 3" }uhzhch o |h}fufŌih lbfuČ f }xshuii> —\sfsxb |h oukfdi~hf~Č }osuizis }uidli}ixbxi |h}fufŌihi şi hlaibieuxbxi }xshuibou “ bhki|bfsizČ" hqhlxsizČ şi nxchlČsouhf|lČ “ äd lfcuxb ch`olufŌihi lod|sisxŌiodfbh‐$ e) Lhbh suhi }xshui lbf|ilh |h uhkČ|h|l hq}ui`fsh äd Lod|sisxŌih> bhki|bfsizxb äd dou`hbh }uizisofuh bf ]fubf`hds !fus$ :6şi xu`)7 hqhlxsizxb äd dou`hbh }uizisofuh bf ]uhşhcidshbh Uo`ådihi şi Kxzhud !fus$ 1= şi" uh|}hlsiz" 6=5)7 nx|siŌif äd dou`hbh }uizisofuh bf fxsouisfshf nxchlČsouhf|lČ !fus$ 653 şi xu`)$ l) Oucidhf uhkbh`hdsČuii äd Lod|sisxŌih f }xshuibou h|sh oucidhf lbf|ilČ" jiuhf|lČ$ Lod|sisxŌif cČ hq}uh|ih nxuicilČ uhfbisČŌibou şi flsizisČŌibou }obisilh |sfsfbh äd |xllh|ixdhf bou jiuhf|lČ$ c) Fzådc äd zhchuh bhkisi`isfshf ä`}xshudiliuibou ]fubf`hdsxbxi" lo`}o~iŌif |f dx`huof|Č şi bfuk uh}uh~hdsfsizČ" Lod|sisxŌif f|ikxuČ flh|sxif o fdx`isČ }uhh`idhdŌČ äd uf}ous lx lhbhbfbsh fxsouisČŌi |sfsfbh$ F|sjhb" ]fubf`hdsxb h|sh xdilf fxsouisfsh bhkixisofuh f ŌČuii !fus$ :6)" hb fuh jxdlŌii ch jou`fuh" fbhkhuh" dx`iuh" ädzh|siuh f fbsou fxsouisČŌi |sfsfbh şi" ch|ikxu" jxdlŌii ch lodsuob$ Jiuhşsh" |h }ofsh fcČxkf lfuflshui~fuhf cfsČ ch fus$ 81" }osuizis lČuhif ]fubf`hdsxb h|sh oukfdxb uh}uh~hdsfsiz |x}uh` fb }o}ouxbxi uo`åd" chşi xsibi~fuhf shu`hdxbxi |x}uh` }ofsh ji }uizisČ lx `xbsh uh~huzh ch oucid şsiidŌijil äd lodshqsxb shouihi |h}fufŌihi/hlaibieuxbxi }xshuibou äd |sfs$ Suhexih |Č oe|huzČ` lČ hlaibieuxb }xshuibou äşi kČ|hşsh |h`dijilfŌii şi äd oukfdi~fuhf şi jxdlŌiodfuhf fxsouisČŌii bhkixisofuh$ Laifu |suxlsxuf eilf`hufbČ f ]fubf`hdsxbxi hq}ui`Č hlaibieuxb äd hqhulisfuhf }xshuii bhki|bfsizh$ Ch fbsjhb" flh|sf h|sh şi |idkxuxb fukx`hds |obic fb eilf`hufbi|`xbxi ]fubf`hdsxbxi jfŌČ ch jf}sxb lČ Uo`ådif h|sh xd |sfs dfŌiodfb xdisfu$ h) Uf}ousxuibh lod|sisxŌiodfbh cidsuh fxsouisČŌibh }xebilh |h lfuflshui~hf~Č }uid i`}bilČui uhli}uolh fbh xdouf äd |jhuf ch flsizisfsh f lhboubfbsh" i`}bilČui lh |h`dijilČ hlaibieux }uid lobfeoufuh şi lodsuob$ :5

Lf o lodlbx~ih bf lhbh }uhli~fsh `fi |x|" |h }ofsh }uhli~f lf dh fjbf` äd }uh~hdŌf xdhi lodbxluČui f |suxlsxuibou |sfsfbh äd uhfbi~fuhf zoidŌhi }o}ouxbxi$ Flhf|sČ lodbxlufuh }uh|x}xdh> lo`}hshdŌh lbfu  chbi`isfsh }uid Lod|sisxŌih" fxsodo`ih oukfdi~fsouilČ şi jxdlŌiodfbČ" lodsuob uhli}uol jČuČ i`iqsixdh" kfufdŌii lod|sisxŌiodfbh fbh ädch}bidiuii `fdcfsxbxi şi fbh uh|}hlsČuii cuh}sxuibou lhsČŌhdibou$

W}fkidibh <3=-<35P

\xeihlsh }hdsux }uhkČsiuhf }uhk Čsiuhf äd zhchuhf hzfbxČuii jidfbh> ]xshuhf ch |sfs" }xshuibh }xebilh ‥ Suf|fsxuibh khdhufbh fbh }xshuii oukfdi~fsh |sfsfb ‥ Shouif |h}fufsihi }xshuibou id |sfs ‥ ‥ Lod|flufuhf |h}fufsihi |h}fufsihi }xshuibou id |sfs id Lod|sisxsif Uo`fdihi

F]BILFŅII HqhuliŌii uh~obzfsh 6$ Ichdsijilfsi suf|fsxuibh khdhufbh fbh }xshuii oukfdi~fsh |sfsfb f$) }xshuhf ch |sfs h|sh o }xshuh }obisilf e$) }xshuhf ch |sfs h|sh o }xshuh ch lod|sufdkhuh l$) }xshuhf ch |sfs h|sh |i hqi|sf dx`fi lf }xshuh oukfdi~fsf oukfdi~fsf c$) |x}uh`fsif |i idch}hdchdsf }xshuii id hq}ui`fuhf |i uhfbi~fuhf zoidshi kxzhudfdsibou lf zoidsf ch |sfs h$) lfuflshuxb lfuflshuxb |olifb fb }xshuii }xshuii |sfsfbh F$) f" l" c" h E$) f" e" l" c L$) e" l" c" h

5$ f$ e$ l$ c$ h$

]uhli~fsi }uid lh |h cho|heh|sh cho|heh|sh }xshuhf ch |sfs jfsf ch }xshuhf }obisilf }xshuhf ch |sfs fuh xdlodsidxs xdlodsidxs `fi uh|sufd| uh|sufd| chlfs chlfs }xshuhf }obisilf }xshuhf ch |sfs h|sh o }fush id|sisxsiodfbf id|sisxsiodfbf f }xshuii }obisilh suf|fsxuibh |sfsxbxi |sfsxbxi dx |h uhkf|h|l id sosfbisfsh id fd|f`ebxb fd|f`ebxb }xshuii }obisilh }obisilh }xshuhf ch |sfs h|sh jou`f ch ch oukfdi~fuh oukfdi~fuh f }xshuii }o}ouxbxi }o}ouxbxi jxdlsif jxdcf`hdsfbf f |sfsxbxi |sfsxbxi h|sh ch f hq}ui`f |i ch f uhfbi~f uhfbi~f lf zoidsf khdhufbf khdhufbf oebikfsouih zoidsf }o}ouxbxi

F$) f" e" h E$) f" e" l L$) f" l" c UČ|}xd| louhls>6-L7 5-E

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