1
2
SUMÁRIO
1. INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................................................4 1.1. OBJETIVOS.........................................................................................................4 2. REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO..........................................................................................5 3. METODOLOGIA..........................................................................................................6 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO...................................................................................8 5. CONCLUSÕES...........................................................................................................12 6.
REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGR!FICAS.......................................................................13
3
1. INTRODUÇÃO U"# $%#&'( )*+",-# *"# /$#0($"#&'( # "#/$,# 0# )*# (-($$%" "*#0&# )*#,/#/,# 0# -("(,&'( )*+",-# % *"# (* "#, *7/0-,# $%#9%0/%: $%*/#0( %" *" (* "#, $(*/(. E0(% "*#0&# $%#-,(0## 0# -(0%-/,,#% %0/$% ( ;/("( (* +(0: 0# 9%("%/$,# # "(-*# # %-,% $%#9%0/%. U"# $%#&'( "*,/( -("*" # )*% %0(% *7/0-,# ,0($90,-# /#, -("(< !-,(: B#%: S#, % Ó=,(. U"# # "*,/( */,,>## % (7%$## # $%#&'( % 0%*/$#,>#&'( (%0( %$ /(/# (* #$-,# 0( )*# %0(% *" ;-,( % *"# 7#% % ( %* $%%-/,( $(*/( %$'( /%($,-#"%0/% *" # % *"# ;9*#. E/% $%#/?$,( "(/$# 0# $;/,-# # $%#&@% %=(/$",-#: # %0/#,#: # #$,#&'( % %0/#,#: # "%,# ( -#($ % *"# $%#&'(: ( /,( % -#($% % %(0/#0%,#% # $%#&@% #," -("( %/%$",0#$ % #9*"# $%#&@% '( -#,,-## -("( /$#0($"#&@% +,-# (* )*+",-#.
1.1 OBJETIVOS •
O7/%$ -(0%-,"%0/( $;/,-( # $%#&@% %=(/$",-#: # %0/#,#: # #$,#&'( % %0/#,#: # "%,# ( -#($ % *"# $%#&'( % ( /,( %
•
-#($% % %(0/#0%,#% # $%#&@%. D%/%$",0#$ % # $%#&@% )*% (-($$%" -(" -%$/# *7/#0-,# %-(,# '( /$#0($"#&@% )*+",-# (* +,-#.
4
2. REFERENCIAL TEÓ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q % %,0,( -("( # )*#0/,#% % -#($ #7($,# %( ,/%"#: % ( w % %,0,( -("( # )*#0/,#% % /$#7#( $%#,>#( (7$% ( ,/%"# *$#0/% # /$#0($"#&'(. I/( ,90,,-# )*%: )*#0( ( q % *" 0"%$( (,/,(: ( -#($ % #7($,( %( ,/%"# # ,>,0#0&#P )*#0( ( q % 0%9#/,(: ( -#($ % %$,( %( ,/%"#. *#0( ( w % *" 0"%$( (,/,(: ( /$#7#( % $%#,>#( (7$% ( ,/%"#P )*#0( ( w % 0%9#/,(: ,90,,-# )*% ( ,/%"# $%#,># /$#7#( 0# ,>,0#0&#. T(( %0Q"%0( )*+",-( *"# $%#&'( )*+",-#: %" *"# $%#&'( )*+",-# # %/$*/*$# % -## ;/("( %0)*#0/( %%"%0/( )*+",-( %$"#0%-% ,0#/%$#(: (* %H#< N# $%#&'( )*+",-# ( ;/("( 0'( % /$#0($"#" %" (*/$( ;/("(. T#"7" 0'( ; %$# ( ;/("( )*% ,0,-,#$#" # $%#&'(: 0%" -$,#&'( % ;/("( 0((. A /$#0($"#&'( (-($$% #%0# #( 0+% % *7/0-,#: ,/( : ( ;/("( # *7/0-,# $%#9%0/% % $%#9$*#" % *"# 0(# "#0%,$# % #," ($"#" # *7/0-,# ( $(*/(. E% $%#9$*#"%0/( %0(% #%0# # %%/$(%$# ( ;/("(: 0*0-# #/,09% ( 0-%(. O ;/("( % -## %%"%0/(: )*% ##$%-%" 0( $%#9%0/%: '( ( "%"( )*% ##$%-%" 0( $(*/(< ("%0/% # -("7,0#&'( %0/$% %% (, "(,,-##. C(0/*( #$# %*>,$"( % (*% $%#&'( )*+",-# $%-,#"( (7%$#$ -%$/( %0Q"%0( #( -((-#$"( %" -(0/#/( *# (* "#, *7/0-,#. *#0( ; ,%$%0&# %$-%/+%, % ,90,,-#/,# %0/$% ( %/#( ,0,-,# % ( %/#( ,0# ($)*% (-($$%* *"# $%#&'( )*+",-#. (+% *#$"( -$,/$,( )*#0/,/#/,( % )*#,/#/,( #$# %/%-/#$"( %/# "*#0&#. E% #/( (%" %$ ,%0/,,-#( -("(P ($"#&'( % $(*/( 9#((P ($"#&'( % $%-,,/#(P "*#0&# % -($P "*#0&# % (($P /$#0%$0-,# % %0%$9,#. S%0( *" ( "#, "#$-#0/% # ($"#&'( % *" $%-,,/#(< 9$#0*#$P -$,/#,0(P ,0#"%0/% ,,,(P -((,# /,( 9%#/,0((P -((,# ,0#"%0/% ,,,(. Fonte: Kotez, Jonh C. Química geral e reações químicas / Jonh C. Kotz, Paul M. reichel Jr.! tra"uç#o
3. METODOLOGIA
t$cnica Fla%ia Maron &ichi. '#o Paulo:Cen a e (earnin , )**+ %ol ), a )-), )-
5
3. METODOLOGIA Mat!"a"# $t"%"&a'(# B#/'( % ,$( B)*%$ % 6 " B)*%$ % ,$( % 1 "L B,-( % B*0%0 C#,0( % ($-%#0# C;*# % ($-%#0# E$%0"%%$ % 25 "L ,0&# % "#%,$# ,0&# "%/;,-# ,%/# -(" ;9*# %/,## $(%/# % ,$( 1 "L T;7*# % "#%,$# T%# % #",#0/( T%$"Q"%/$( % "%$-$,( T$,#09*( % ($-%#0# T$, % "%/# T*7( % %0#,( V,$( % $%?9,( C(0/# 9(/#
B##0&# %",#0#+/,-# C*"7( "%/;,-( 7 C($%/( % #"Q0,( N4C .A. D,-$("#/( % #"Q0,(: N4C$2O .A. F,/# % "#90,( ,$?=,( % 7;$,( (-/#,$#/#(: B#O2.82O ,$?=,( % ?,( .A. I(( $%*7,"#( I2 I0,-#($ %0(/#%+0# L' % ,$( S(*&'( % ;-,( -($+$,-( :5 "(.L1 S(*&'( % ,$?=,( % ?,( :5 "(.L1 S(*&'( % ,(%/( % (/;,( :1 "(.L1 N,/$#/( % -*"7( II :1 "(.L1 $%#$## 0# #*# 4
)!(*'"+,t(#E,ta%"a ' ,$t!a%"&a/0( 1 2 3 4
O 7)*%$ % 1 " (, -((-#( (7$% # ' % ,$( # ##$%#9%" $(0/#. C((-(*% 5 " % (*&'( ( ;-,( -($+$,-( 0( 7)*%$. E" %9*,# #,-,(0(*% 5 " % ,$?=,( % ?,( 0( "%"( 7)*%$. A /%"%$#/*$# ";=,"# (7/,# (, #0(/##.
E,ta%"a ' '"##(%$/0( 1 M%,*% 8 " % ;9*# %/,## %" *" 7)*%$ %: %" %9*,# "%,"( -(" *" /%$"Q"%/$( *# /%"%$#/*$# # )*# #$%%0/(* 22 9$#*. 2 E" %9*,# #,-,(0(*% # ;9*# :359$ % N#O % #9,/#"( #$# )*% # %0/,# % N#O % ,(%%" 0# ;9*#. 6
3 A? (7%$#$"( )*% # %0/,# % N#O % ,(%$#" -("%/#"%0/% # ;9*#: -(" *" /%$"Q"%/$( "%,"( %0/'( # /%"%$#/*$# # ;9*# % (7%$#"( )*% %/# %%(*% #$# 23C.
E!"+,t( I- M,/*$(*% 5 " % (*&'( % ,(%/( % (/;,( I :1 "(. L1 -(" 5 " % (*&'( % 0,/$#/( % -*"7( 7NO32: :1 "(.L1.
E!"+,t( II- F,=(*% *"# %)*%0# $## % M#90,( %" *"# ,0&# "%/;,-#: %#0( #( 7,-( % B*0%0: %,=#0( )*%,"#$ /(/#"%0/%.
E!"+,t( III- C((-(*% *"# %)*%0# ($&'( % -*"7( #$# #)*%-%$ #/ "*#0&# % %/#( ( %%"%0/(.
E!"+,t( IV- R%#,>#% ( #)*%-,"%0/( % /$ -$,/#, % ,(( %0/$( % *" 7)*%$ % 1 "L (7$% *"# /%# % #",#0/(: */,,>#0( -#"# 7#,=# % *" 7,-( % B*0%0. O -(( % 7)*%$ (, -(7%$/( ($ *" ,$( % $%?9,( -(" -%$-# % 23 % %* (*"% $%%0-,( ($ ;9*#.
E!"+,t( V- A)*%-%% *"# %)*%0# )*#0/,#% % ,-$("#/( % #"Q0,( %0/$( % *" /*7( % %0#,(: (7 -#"# ,$%/# % *" 7,-( % B*0%0.
E!"+,t( VI- M,/*$#% 8 9 ,$?=,( % B;$,( WB#O2X % 2:8 9 C($%/( % A"Q0,( N4C: *# *7/0-,# ?,# %" ($"# % ? %" *" %$%0"%%$ % %" %9*,# -((-#% %" -,"# % *"# /;7*# % "#%,$# $%,#"%0/% "(## % #9,/#% # ",/*$# -(" *" 7#/'( % ,$(.
. RESULTADO E DISCUSSÃO E,ta%"a 'a N$t!a%"&a/0( •
D,%$%0&# % /%"%$#/*$# %0/$% # ,(*&'( % C % N#O<
7
∆ t =t 2 − t 1
•
∆ t =24 −22
∆ t =2 ° ∁
A )*#0/,#% % -#($ $(*>,# %# $%#&'( %0/$% ( C % ( N#O (,<
NaO456t7+428.*42O9+V.*V: NaO45 C#($ ,7%$#( 0# ,(*&'( ( ,$?=,( % ?,( 6t5 ,%$%0&# % /%"%$#/*$# ( #( #0/%$,($ Y 3;C +4285 "## # ;9*# Y 188 < *42O5 -#($ %%-+,-( # ;9*# 5 1=88 *a%><;C +V5 "## ( ,$( 5 ?=@1? < *V5 -#($ %%-+,-( ( ,$( 5 8=22*a%><;C Q =( 100∗1,00∗2+ 48,44 ∗0,22∗2 ) Q =200 + 21.52 Q =221.52 cal QNaOH =0,22152 kcal
•
E" )*,(-#($,# ($ "( -#: "(<
:25 "(! 8=2212 1 "( ∆ H = 8,8608 K
•
∆ H
*a%>+(%
($-%0/#9%" % %$$( %=%$,"%0/#<
V#($ /%?$,-( 13:8 -#"(1Z ∆
4 5 ?=?8?
53=@ % %$$( ( #($ %=%$,"%0/#. E,ta%"a ' '"##(%$/0( 8
•
D,%$%0&# % /%"%$#/*$# %" -(0%)*0-,# # ,(*&'(<
∆ t =t 2 −t 1
•
∆ t =23 −22
∆ t =1 ° ∁
O -#($ $(*>,( %# ,(*&'( ( N#O (,<
NaO456t7+428.*42O9+V.*V: NaO45 C#($ ,7%$#( 0# ,(*&'( ( ,$?=,( % ?,( 6t5 ,%$%0&# % /%"%$#/*$# ( #( #0/%$,($ Y 1;C +4285 "## # ;9*# Y ?8 < *42O5 -#($ %%-+,-( # ;9*# 5 1=88 *a%><;C +V5 "## ( ,$( 5 ?= < *V5 -#($ %%-+,-( ( ,$( 5 8=22*a%><;C Q =1 ( 80∗1,00 + 48,44∗0,22 )
Q =80 + 10,6568 Q =90.6568 cal QNaOH =0,09 kcal
•
E" )*,(-#($,# ($ "( -#: "(<
,$?=,( % S?,( 8=3<N#O 8=8@*a% M "(%-*#$ ( NaO4 8< *a%>+(%
5@=8 *a%>+(% E!"+,t( IO7%$#% )*% ,0,-,#"%0/% # *7/0-,# ,0-(($% )*#0( ",/*$## ($"#" *" $%-,,/#( ?,( #"#$%(. A $%#&'( $%$%%0/## %# %)*#&'(<
)H7NO3:2 7aq: 9 2 I 7aq: )HI2 7#: 9 2 NO3 7aq:
9
O 0,/$#/( % -*"7( #)*(( $%#9% -(" ( ,(%/( % (/;,( #)*((: ($,9,0#0( ?,( % ( 0,/$#/( % (/;,( #)*((. E -("( ( ,(%/( % -*"7( *" # ,0(%: %% -(0/,/*, ( $%-,,/#( #"#$%(: -(" ,( # $%#&'( %-$,/# *"# $%#&'( % $%-,,/#&'(. C("( # $%#&'( )*+",-# ($,9,0# *" -("(/( ?,( % (*/$( +)*,( (+% #>%$ *"# ,/$#&'( ,"% #$# $%/,$## ( $%-,,/#(. A/$# % *" *0, % %#$#&'( -(" *" ,/$( % #% %,#"%0/% (7$#( % -(" *" 7)*%$ %" 7#,=( #$# # #$/% +)*,#. A," ( $%-,,/#( I(%/( % C*"7( ,-#$,# 0( #% % ( N,/$#/( % (/;,( ,$,# #$# ( 7)*%$.
E!"+,t( II-
O %#&( % ,/# % "#90,(: #( %$ #)*%-,( ,$%/#"%0/% 0# -#"# ( 7,-( % B*0%0: $%#,># -("7*/'( % ,7%$# *>: /$#0($"#0(% %" O=,( % "#90,(: *" ?,( 7$#0-( %" ($"# % ?: %9*0( # $%#&'( # %9*,$<
2M<7#: 9 O27<: 2M
($ % /$#/#$ % *"# -("7*/'(: (-($$% #/%$#&'( 0# -("(,&'( )*+",-# # ,/# % "#90,(: %* #)*%-,"%0/( -#$#-/%$,># *" %0Q"%0( )*+",-(.
E!"+,t( IIIA( #)*%-%$ ( -*"7( %0/$( ( -#,0( % ($-%#0# ( -*"7( %$$%/%: ##0( ( %/#( ?,( #$# ( +)*,(. D%# ($"#: 0'( (*% *"# /$#0($"#&'( )*+",-#: ("%0/% ( %%"%0/( #(* ( %/#( ?,( #$# +)*,(: -(0/,/*,0( #," *" %0Q"%0( +,-(.
E!"+,t( IV10
A? ( #)*%-,"%0/( ( -$,/#, % ,(( *7,$#" #/ ( ,$( % $%?9,(: (-($$%* *" %0Q"%0( +,-(: -(" "*#0&# ( %/#( ?,( #$# ( 9#(( % #$/% ( -$,/#, % ,((.
E!"+,t( VO-($$%* *"# [%$*&'(\ # *7/0-,# )*% ($%* *"# "*#0&# % -($: % #$#0H# #$# %$% %-*$(. N%/% -#(: #( #)*%-%$ ( ,-$("#/( % #"Q0,(: ($"#"% /$ $(*/(: *"# *7/0-,# ,"% 9; 0,/$(90,( % *# *7/0-,# -("(/# ?=,( % -$Q",( III % #($ % ;9*#. E# %)*#&'( )*+",-# ## ($<
7N4:2C!2O7#: C!2O37#: 9 N27<: 9 42O7K: 9 ,!<"a O7%$#% )*% ( ?=,( % -$Q",( # *7/0-,# %$% % /#"7" )*% %# *"# $%#&'( )*+",-# %=(/$",-#: %" )*% ; ,7%$#&'( % %0%$9,#.
E!"+,t( VI A $%#&'( %0/$% ( -($%/( % #"Q0,( % ( ,$?=,( % 7;$,( (% %$ $%$%%0/## %# %9*,0/% %)*#&'(<
Ba7O4:2 ] ? 42O 9 2 N4NO3 Ba7NO3:2 9 2 N43 9 18 42O E# $%#&'( *" $(-%( %0(/$",-( % %(0/0%(. (%% (7%$#$ ,(: (, ( ,/%"# $%-,(* #7($%$ %0%$9,# # ,>,0#0&# #$# )*% # $%#&'( (-($$%%: ( )*% -#*(* ( -(09%#"%0/( # ;9*#. A" ,(: #$# (-($$%$: 7#/(* )*% ( $%#9%0/% (%" -((-#( %" -(0/#/(: ( )*% %,%0-,# *# %(0/#0%,#%. O7%$#% /#"7" )*% #( -((-#$ 3 9(/# % %0(/#%+0# 0# (*&'( # (*&'( ,-# -(" *"# -(($#&'( $(##. I( % %% %( #/( % )*% # "#,($ #$/% ( $(*/( %$# % *"# 7#%: # 7#% ^ %" -(0/#/( -(" ( ,0,-#($ %0(/#%+0# /%0%" # ,-#$ -(" -(($#&'( #%$"%##: H; -(" ( ;-,( _ ( ,0,-#($ /%0% # ,-#$ ,0-(($.
11
. CONCLUSÃ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
12
. REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS BRO`N: T%(($% L. %/ # 25: $+"*a A C",*"a C,t!a% : S'( #*(: %#$(0 %*-#/,(0 ( B$#,: a %,&'(: #9. 165:166. (/%>: J(0 C. $+"*a <!a% !a/P# q$+"*a# J(0 C. (/>: #* M. T$%,-% J$.P /$#*&'( /-0,-# F#,# M#$(0 V,-,. S'( #*(#"7*H#. $"+"*a G!a%-
F$,'a+,t(#. S'( #*(< %#$(0 $%0/,-% #: 2 RUSSELL:J(0 B. $+"*a G!a%. 2. E. S'( #*(< M#b$(0 B((b. 14
13
