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Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches to Research and Inquiry Kimberly A. Galt, Pharm.D., Ph.D. (c) September 16, 2008

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Objectives • Define quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research approaches. • Differentiate these approaches based upon: – Philosophical assumptions Paradigm stances









Knowledge Claims, Strategies of Inquiry, and Methods Leading to Approaches and the Design Process Elements of Inq Inquiry

Approaches to Research

Design Processes of Research

Alternative Knowledge Knowledge Claims – Paradigm World View Qualitative

Theoretical lens

Strategies of Inquiry –

Quantitative

Data collection

Quan, Qual, Mixed

Mixed Methods

Data analysis Write-up









Paradigm Worldview • A world view (or worldview (or worldview)) is a framework of ideas and beliefs through which an individual interprets the world and interacts with it; a wide world perception. perception. • Definition: a basic set of beliefs that guide









Paradigm Worldview What is your worldview? • Your worldview is a basic set of beliefs and assumptions that guide your inquiries • These assumptions include: – the nature of reality (ontology), – how we gain knowledge about what we know (epistemology),









Alternative Knowledge Claims Postpositivism

Constructivism

(Quantitative dominant)

(Qualitative dominant)

Singular reality Distance & impartiality Unbiased Deductive, Theory verification, Work “top down” Formal presentation style Empirical observation & measurement •

Multiple realities Closeness Biased Inductive, Theory generation, Work “bottom up” Informal, literary style Understanding, Multiple participant meanings

Advocacy/Participatory

Pragmatism

(Qualitative dominant)

(Mixed Methods dominant)

Political reality Collaboration Biased and negotiated Participatory Advocacy and change-provoking style

Singular & multiple realities Practicality Multiple stances (biased & unbiased) Combining, Pluralistic approaches, Use “what works”

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Strategies of Inquiry What research method to use? Quantitative

Qualitative

Mixed Method











Methods – Procedures Within Quantitative Procedures Predetermined

Qualitative Procedures Emerges through study

Mixed Method Procedures Predetermined and











Definition of Quantitative Research • Investigator uses Investigator uses postpositivist claims for developing knowledge:











Definition of Qualitative Research • Inquirer makes Inquirer makes knowledge claims usually based on constructivist and/or advocacy participatory perspectives.











Definition of Mixed Methods Research • A researcher researcher who who uses mixed methods research is using a research design with philosophical assumptions as well as methods of inquiry.













Juxtaposition of Qualitative and































What is your problem, question and











What do you need to see?





















































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