\GNUL_XNDAD GAHNMGAC –BL_JNCNM UACDN[ÁG‚
LXH\LCA AHADÎJNHA V_MELXNMGAC NGILGNL_ÊA AI_MNGD\XT_NAC GMJO_L; _mkas Jartlc, Iaornlc. H\AGTNENHAHNØG DL ÁHNDM AXHØ_ONHM DLC AI\A^JAGTM (VB^XACNX ( VB^XACNX VL_\UNAGAVM_)) ^ CA GA_AGKA (HNT_\X Ù A\_AGTN\J ) LG LC VL_\UNAGAVM_ LXVLHT_MEMTMJLT_ÊA LXVLHT_MEMTMJLT_ÊA DL AOXM_HNØG JMCLH\CA_. N.
NGT_MD\HHNØG.
Lg cms Xnstljas acnjlgtarnms ca vntajnga H hmgstntuyl uga dl cas vntajngas slgsnocls ac tratajnlgtm pmr hacmr. Xn onlg ca pastlurnzahnøg ls ug prmhlsm glhlsarnm para prmcmgiar ca vnda ûtnc dl cms kuims hmjlrhnacls, hm jlrhnacls, aelhta ca hacndad gutrnhnmgac dlc prmduhtm lg lsplhnac lg ca plrdnda dl vntajnga H, hmgmhnda pmr su ahtnvndad agtnmxndagtl para glutracnzar cms lelhtms dl cms radnhacls cnorls, ca garagka ls uga eruta qul q ul hmgtnlgl uga vntajnga h ndlac, jás øptnjm qul dlc aiuayjagtm (Xaavldra y Dlciadm., ?618). Ca lstaoncndad dlc áhndm ashøronhm ba sndm dlshrnta jldnagtl jmdlcms hngîtnhms dl prn jlr mrdlg, lstudnms rlacnzadms bag dljmstradm qul lc kuim dl garagka puldl plrdlr basta 166% dlc áhndm ashøronhm dlondm a ug jac tratajnlgtm tîrjnhm, tîr jnhm, sng ljoarim hmghlgtragdm ac vahêm y hmgilcadm rltnlgl basta lc ><% dl su hmgtlgndm mrningac lg ilglrac cas pîrdndas dl áhndm ashøronhm mhurrlg lg huagtm cms tlkndms smg rmtms y lxpulstms ac anrl}, a tljplratura l acjahlgajnlgtm, slrá jaymr ca dlstruhhnøg dlc gutrnlgtl (Hatmg, ( Hatmg, lt ac., ?611). Ca vntajnga H ba sndm rlhmgmhnda hmjm ug gutrnlgtl njpmrtagtl lg varnms prmduhtms acnjlgtarnms. Ca ahhnøg dl ca vntajnga H ls sujngnstrada pmr lc áhndm C-ashøronhm (AA) y su emrja mxndada, lc áhndm dlsbndrm ashøronhm (DBAA). Lg bujagms ajoas emrjas smg onmcøinhajlgtl ahtnvas, dlengnîgdmsl asê ca vntajnga H tmtac hmjm ca suja dl cas dms (Hbletlc, ( Hbletlc, lt ac., 1>92). Cms zujms utncnzadms lg lc lstudnm eulrmg slclhhnmgadms pmr su dnspmgnoncndad ac hmgsujndmr y pmr prmhldlr dl jarhas hmjlrhnacls dl rlhmgmhndm prlstninm gahnmgac. Lgtrl lccms sl slclhhnmgarmg zujms dl dnstngtm tnpm lg oasl a dms parájltrms; ca prmhldlghna dlc zujm zujm (lxprnjndm m hmghlgtradm) y cas glhlsndadls glhlsndadls dl hmgslrvahnøg lg erêm (rlernilradm m pastlurnzadm). Ca Taoca 1 julstra julstra cms vacmrls dl ca Ahtnvndad Ahtnvndad Agtnmxndagtl Bndrmeêcnha (AAB) para hada ugm dl cms zujms zujms agacnzadms lxprlsada hmjm lqunvaclgtls dl áhndm ashøronhm.
Taoca1. Ahtnvndad Agtnmxndagtl Bndrmeêcnha (AAB) y hmgtlgndm lg vntajnga H (áhndm ashøronhm) lg zujms dl garagka gaturac y hmjlrhnac dl dnstngta prmhldlghna. 1_; rlernilradm0 V; pastlurnzadm0 L; prmhldlgtl dl lxprnjndm0 H; prmhldlgtl dl hmghlgtradm. ?AAB lxprlsada hmjm lqunvaclgtls dl áhndm ashøronhm (ji/166 jC). 8Untajnga H lxprlsada hmjm ji/166 jC zujm. 4Lc lrrmr rlcatnvm dl cms datms ls ngelrnmr ac <% < % (g:8).
(Hagm y Argam., ?664). Ca njpmrtaghna dlc Vbysacns plruvnaga sl oasa lg lc actm hmgtlgndm dl jnglracls y vntajngas0 lcljlgtms ngdnsplgsaocls para lc dlsarrmccm y hmrrlhtm eughnmgajnlgtm dl cms dnelrlgtls øriagms bujagms. Ls uga eulgtl dl prmvntajnga A (8 666 \.N. dl harmtlgm pmr 166 i) y vntajnga H, asê hmjm hm jm aciugas vntajngas dlc hmjpclkm O (tnajnga, gnahnga y vntajnga O1?), lc hmgtlgndm dl prmtlêga y eøsemrm smg lxhlphnmgacjlgtl actms, plrm cms gnvlcls dl hachnm smg oakms (Vulgtl, lt ac ?611). ?611) .
Hmjpmsnhnøg y hmgtlgndm gutrnhnmgac dl pbysacns plruvnaga, lxhlclgtl eulgtl dl prmvntajnga A (8.666 N.\. dl harmtlgm pmr 166 i) y vntajnga H. Tajonîg pmsll aciugas dlc hmjpclkm dl vntajnga O. Adljás ca prmtlêga (6, 8%) y lc eøsemrm (<<%) qul hmgtnlgl smg lxhlphnmgacjlgtl actms para uga eruta. er uta. (Hardlrm lt ac., ?66>).
Hmjpmglgtls
Hmgtlgndm dl 166 ir dl aiuayjagtm
Bujldad Harombndratms Hlgnza Enora Irasa tmtac Vrmtlêga Áhndm ashøronhm Hachnm Harmtlgm Eøsemrm Bnlrrm Gnahnga _nomecavnga
Uacmrls dnarnms (oasadms lg uga dnlta dl ?666 hacmrêas)
92.>6% 15 i 1.61 i 4.>6 i 6.15 i 6.6< i 48 ji 2 ji 1.51 ji <<.86 1.?8 ji 1.98 ji 6.68 ji
866 i ?< i 55 i 56 ji 15? ji <666 nu 1?< ji 12 ji ?6 ji 1.9 ji
Eulgtl; (Hardlrm lt ac., ?66>). NN. MOKLTNUMX Huagtnenhar lc áhndm ashøronhm pmr lsplhtrmemtøjltrm dl aosmrhnøg jmclhucar. Hmgmhlr jîtmdms para dltlrjngar vntajnga h. Dltlrjngar ca vntajnga H lg ca garagka y aiuayjagtm. NNN. JATL_NACLX ^ JÎTMDM 8.1. Jatlrnacls A) Jatlrna prnja; Ca garagka y aiuayjagtm. O) Lqunpm; Lsplhtrmemtøjltrm vnsnocl dl aosmrhnøg jmclhucar \v ‘ Uns. Uns. H) Jatlrnacls; Huoltas dl lsplhtrmemtøjltrm, Vaplc tnssul, Enmca dl 1666, <66, 166 y <6jc, Tuoms dl lgsaym, Vnpltas vmcujîtrnhas dl 1, ?,16 y ?6jc, Ola`lrs dl 166 y <6jc, Ljoudm, varncca dl vndrnm, Oacagza agacêtnha. _lahtnvms; Áhndm mxácnhm 4%. Áhndm ashøronhm. 8.?. Jîtmdms Vrlparahnøg dl ca smcuhnøg jadrl. Ahndm mxácnhm ac 6,4%; plsar 4i y cclvar a 1666jc hmg aiua dlstncada.
Xmcuhnøg jadrl dl áhndm ashøronhm 6.1% lg smcuhnøg áhndm mxácnhm; plsar 166ji dl áhndm ashøronhm y cclvar a vmcujlg dl 166jc hmg uga smcuhnøg dl áhndm mxácnhm ac 6,4%0 smcuhnøg dl ?,5 dnhcmrmngdmelgmc; plsar 1? ji dl ?-5 DENE, dnsmcvlr y cclvar a 1666jc dl vmcujlg hmg aiua dlstncada. Ljpclar aiua dlstncada bnrvnlgtl. Acjahlgar lg omtlcca dl hmcmr mshurm y lg rlernilrahnøg.
Hurva dl hacnorahnøg. Ljpclajms lc jîtmdm jmdnenhadm pmr Unccagulva lt ac. (?616), sl bará rlahhnmgar 166 uc dl smcuhnøg dl traoakm (?< basta ?66 ui/jc),
ui/jc ?< <6 9< 166 1?< 1<6 19<
Aos XT ?,?64 ?,14? ?,6?5 1,>55 1,28< 1,52? 1,985
Aos (<1< gj) 6,458 6,2< 6,>8?
NU. _LX\CTADMX. Aiuayjagta pura hmghlgtradm. Ajulstra A<1< gj : A hmgtrmc ‘ Ajulstra ?,125 : 6.562 A<1< gj : ?,9>4 ‘ ?,125
dl garagka dlc jlrhadm dl ca hundad dl Buáguhm0 lg hasm dlc aiuayjagtm eul dl 6,562 dl áhndm ashøronhm, a shøronhm, y dl ca garagka ED 8 hmg B?M dlstncada y sl motuvm 6,522 dl áhndm ashøronhm.
Garagka ED 8 + B ?M dlstncada. Ajulstra A<1< gj : A hmgtrmc ‘ Ajulstra ?,165 : 6.522 A<1< gj : ?,9>4 ‘ ?,165 Taoca 1. Vrmjldnm dl ca aosmroaghna hmg >66 uc dl ?.5 dnhcmrmelgmcngdmelgmc, rlinstrágdmsl rlinstrágdmsl ca aosmroaghna a <1< ,gj, motlgnîgdmsl cas hagtndadls dl áhndm ashøronhm hmg ca lhuahnøg apcnhada. Aiuayjagtm Garagka plsm orutm 1>1 ir 195 ir Vlsm Cnhuadm 195 ir 95 ir Áhndm mxácnhm Aiuayjagtm _1 ?,249 ?,1>4 _? ?,994 ?,1>5 _8 ?,95? ?,152 Vrmjldnm ?,9>4 ?,125
Garagka ?,116 ?,6<8 ?,1<4 ?,165
HMGHLGT_AHNMG DL ÁNDM LG J\LXT_AX LUAC\ADMX julstra ui/jc ji/166 jc aiuayjagtm 59,5 5,95 Garagka ?59,>< ?5,9><
CAX
Hmghlgtrahnøg (Áhndm ashøronhm ui/jc)
U. DNXH\XNØG. Xliûg Hatmg lg ?611 ba dljmstradm qul lc kuim dl garagka puldl plrdlr basta 166% dlc áhndm ashøronhm dlondm a ug jac tratajnlgtm tîrjnhm, sng ljoarim hmghlgtragdm ac vahêm y hmgilcadm rltnlgl basta lc ><%. Xliûg pulgtl lg ?611 aenrja qul aiuayjagtm tnlgl Áhndm ashøronhm 48 ji pmr 166 i dl aiuayjagtm erlshm, ls uga hagtndad acta qul gms prmpmrhnmga lc áhndm ashøronhm. Xliûg ca práhtnha rlacnzada lg lc caomratmrnm dl agácnsns pmr ngstrujlgtahnøg sl rlacnzø dl aiuayjagtm erlshm y
U.
HMGHC\XNØG
Lg ca práhtnha práhtnha lg lg lc caomratmrnm dl agácnsns pmr ngstrujlgtahnøg huagtnenhajms lc áhndm ashøronhm pmr lsplhtrmemtøjltrm dl aosmrhnøg jmclhucar cm huac gm gms sacêa ca hurva tuvnjms qul vmcvlr bahlr dms vlhls. Cmirajms hmgmhlr jîtmdms para dltlrjngar vntajnga H, bay juhbms jîtmdms plrm lc jás rápndm y slghnccm ls lc jîtmdm dl dmhtmr Unccagulva Tnourhnm, eulrmg cas rlhmjlgdahnmgls dlc ngilgnlrm Hlsar hultm, pmrqul gms eahncnta y ls jás prlhnsm, lenhaz y prlhnsm.
UN. _LEL_LGHNAX. Xaavldra, @. N., _mkas, H., & Dlciadm, I. L. (?618). Harahtlrêstnhas pmcêgnhas y hmjpmsnhnøg quêjnha dlc pmclg apêhmca hmclhtadm lg Hayactê (Cajoaylqul-Vlrû). _lvnsta hbnclga dl gutrnhnøg, 46(1), 91-92. Hatmg, V. Y., Gayugn, G. @., @bag, G. Q., Ymmd, L. I., & Hmrdlr, _. (?611). «Eruhtmsl ngduhls icuhmglmilglsns agd cnpmilglsns tbrmuib a XN_T1-dlplgdlgt jlhbagnsj.° Kmurgac me Lgdmhrngmcmiy, ?62(8), ?98-?28. Hbnhaim. Hagm, A., & Argam, J. O. (?664). AHTNUNDAD AGTNMRNDAGTL BND_MEÊCNHA ^ CNVMEÊCNHA ^ HMGTLGNDM LG UNTAJNGA H DL [\JMX DL GA_AGKA HMJL_HNACLX; _LCAHNØG HMG X\X HA_AHTL_ÊXTNHAX M_IAGMCÎVTNHAX CNVMVBNCNH AGD B^D_MVBNCNH AGTNMRNDAGT AHTNUNT^ AGD UNTAJNG H HMGTLGT ME HMJJL_HNAC M_AGIL K\NHLX; HM__LCATNMG YNTB M_IAGMCLVTNH VA_AJLTL_X AHTNUNDADL AGTNMRNDAGTL BND_MEÊCNHA L CNVMEÊCNHA L HMGTNDM LG UNTAJNGA H DL [\JMX DL CA_AGRA HMJL_HNANX; _LCAHNØG HMAX HA_AHTL_ÊXTNHAX M_IAGMCÎVTNHAX. H^TA-Kmurgac me Emmd, 4(8), 12<-12>. Hardlrm _lyls, ^., Xarjnlgtm Imgzáclz, _., & Xlcva Hapdlsuñlr, A. (?66>). Njpmrtaghna dlc hmgsujm dl bnlrrm y vntajnga H para ca prlvlghnøg dl agljna elrrmpîgnha. Jldnsag, 18(5), 6-6. Hbletlc, K. (1>92), Ngtrmduhhnøg a ca onmquêjnha. Lspaña; Ldntmrnac Ahrnona.
Vulgtl CA, Vngtm-Juñmz HA, Hastrm LX, Hmrtîs J. (?611) Vbysacns plruvnaga C. Juctnpcl prmplrtnls me a bnibcy eughtnmgac erunt. Emmd _ls Ngt.0 44(9);1988-46. Ldntmrnac Olr`-H.L.X.
UNN. AGLRMX Eni. 8 Dltlrjngagdm ca aosmroaghna. Eni. 5 plsmgdm lc aiuayjagtm.
Eni. 9 plsagdm ca garagka. Eni. 4 Dncuhnmgls.
Eni. < lc áhndm mxácnhm.
Eni. 2 cnhuagdm lc aiuayjagtm.
