Edition 09/2013
Primer
AVL CRUISE VERSION 2013
© AVL List Gmbh 2009. All right reserved
Primer
CRUISE v2013
AVL LIST Gmb H Hans-List-Platz 1, A-8020 Graz, Austria http://www.avl.com AST Local Support Contact: www.avl.com/ast-worldwide
Revision
Date
Description
Document No.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
15-Jun-1998 17-Mar-1999 30-Mar-2000 22-Apr-2001 21-Mar-2002 23-May-2003 17-Jan-2005 30-Nov-2006 22-Jun-2007 30-Apr-2008 10-Dec-2008 03-Jul-2009 04-Sept-2009 01-Jul-2010 17-Jun-2011 30-Nov-2011 03-Dec-2012 20-Sept-2013
CRUISE v1.0 - Primer CRUISE v1.1 - Primer CRUISE v1.2 - Primer CRUISE v2.0 - Primer CRUISE v2.1 - Primer CRUISE v2.2 - Primer CRUISE v3.0 - Primer CRUISE v3.1 - Primer CRUISE v3.1.1 - Primer CRUISE v2008 - Primer CRUISE v2008.1 - Primer CRUISE v2009 - Primer CRUISE v2009 - Primer CRUISE v2010 - Primer CRUISE v2011 - Primer CRUISE v2011.1 - Primer CRUISE v2011.3 - Primer CRUISE v2013 - Primer
04.0103.0386 04.0103.0407 04.0103.0416 04.0103.0424 04.0103.0435 04.0103.0442 04.0103.0462 04.0103.0484 04.0103.0494 04.0103.2008 04.0103.2008.1 04.0103.2009 04.0103.2009 04.0103.2010 04.0103.2011 04.0103.2011.1 04.0103.2011.3 04.0103.2013
Copyright © 2013, AVL All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without prior written consent of AVL. This document describes how to run the CRUISE software. It does not attempt to discuss all of concepts of vehicle simulation that are required to obtain successful solutions. It is the user’s responsibility to determine if he/she has sufficient knowledge and understanding of vehicle simulation to apply this software appropriately. This software and document are distributed solely on an "as is" basis. The entire risk as to their quality and performance is with the user. Should either the software or this document prove defective, the user (and not AVL or its distributors) assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction. AVL and its distributors will not be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software or this document, even if they have been advised of the possibility of such damage.
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Tabl e of Cont ent s 1. Introduction _____________________________________________________1-1 1.1. Scope _______________________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.2. User Qualification ____________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.3. Symbols _____________________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.4. Configurations _______________________________________________________________ 1-2
2. Overview ________________________________________________________2-1 2.1. Workflow ____________________________________________________________________ 2-1 2.2. Components _________________________________________________________________ 2-1 2.3. Connections _________________________________________________________________ 2-2
3. Manual Front Wheel Drive Example _____________________________3-1 3.1. Create Project/Version ________________________________________________________ 3-2 3.2. Create Vehicle Model _________________________________________________________ 3-2 3.3. Component Input Data _______________________________________________________ 3-3 3.3.1. Vehicle __________________________________________________________________ 3-3 3.3.2. Engine __________________________________________________________________ 3-4 3.3.3. Clutch ___________________________________________________________________ 3-6 3.3.4. Gear Box ________________________________________________________________ 3-7 3.3.5. Single Ratio Transmission _________________________________________________ 3-8 3.3.6. 4 Wheels _________________________________________________________________ 3-8 3.3.7. 4 Brakes _________________________________________________________________ 3-9 3.3.8. Differential _____________________________________________________________ 3-10 3.3.9. Cockpit _________________________________________________________________ 3-10 3.3.10. Monitor _______________________________________________________________ 3-11 3.4. Connections: Energetic ______________________________________________________ 3-11 3.5. Connections: Informational___________________________________________________ 3-13 3.6. Project Data ________________________________________________________________ 3-14 3.7. Create Task Folders and Add Tasks ___________________________________________ 3-14 3.8. Run Calculation _____________________________________________________________ 3-16 3.9. Results _____________________________________________________________________ 3-17
4. Troubleshooting _________________________________________________4-1 5. Automatic Front Wheel Drive Example __________________________5-1 5.1. Load Project/ Create Version __________________________________________________ 5-1 5.2. Modify Vehicle Model _________________________________________________________ 5-1 5.3. Component Input Data _______________________________________________________ 5-2 5.3.1. Cockpit __________________________________________________________________ 5-2 5.3.2. Torque Converter_________________________________________________________ 5-2
AST.04.0103.2013 - 20-Sept-2013
i
3
CRUISE
Primer
5.3.3. Gear Box Control ________________________________________________________ 5-3 5.3.4. Gear Box Program _______________________________________________________ 5-4 5.4. Connections: Energetic_______________________________________________________ 5-4 5.5. Connections: Informational ___________________________________________________ 5-4 5.6. Project Data ________________________________________________________________ 5-5 5.7. Task Folders and Tasks ______________________________________________________ 5-5 5.8. Run Calculation _____________________________________________________________ 5-6
6. Setting up and running a Matrix Calculation ___________________ 6-1 6.1. Load Project/ Create Version__________________________________________________ 6-1 6.2. Selecting parameters for variation _____________________________________________ 6-1 6.3. Setting parameter values _____________________________________________________ 6-2 6.4. Selecting Task Folders and tasks for calculation ________________________________ 6-2 6.5. Run Calculation _____________________________________________________________ 6-3
ii
AST.04.0103.2013 - 20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Lis t of F igu res Figure 2-1: Figure 3-1: Figure 3-2: Figure 3-3: Figure 3-4: Figure 3-5:
Data Bus Window........................................................................................................... 2-2 Layout and Platform Selection Window ....................................................................... 3-1 Cruise USER AREA ....................................................................................................... 3-1 Complete Model.............................................................................................................. 3-3 Monitor – Description of Data Bus...............................................................................3-11 Data Bus–Connections ..................................................................................................3-14
Figure 3-6: Folder Tasks Submenu .................................................................................................3-15 Figure 3-7: Result Manager Window ...............................................................................................3-17 Figure 3-8: Result Protocol Example ..............................................................................................3-17 Figure 3-9: Standard Diagram Example .........................................................................................3-18 Figure 3-10: Mouse Functions .........................................................................................................3-18 Figure 3-11: Presentation Diagram – Summary .............................................................................3-19 Figure 3-12: Presentation Diagram – Driving Time Distribution .................................................3-20 Figure 5-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window ....................................................................... 5-1 Figure 5-2: Complete Model.............................................................................................................. 5-2 Figure 6-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window ....................................................................... 6-1 Figure 6-2: Matrix calculation; parameter list ................................................................................. 6-2 Figure 6-3: Selected Task Folders and tasks ................................................................................... 6-3
AST.04.0103.2013 - 20-Sept-2013
iii
Primer
CRUISE v2013
1. INTRODUCTION This manual describes the basic concepts and methods for using AVL CRUISE to simulate engine/powertrain systems.
1.1. Scope This manual describes how to use CRUISE. It does not attempt to discuss all concepts of CRUISE are required to obtain successful solutions. It is theofuser’s responsibility to determinethat if he/she has sufficient knowledge and understanding vehicle simulation to apply this software appropriately.
1.2. User Q uali fi cati on It is recommended that the user has a basic understanding of the GUI before beginning this example. This document is a basic qualification for operating CRUISE and users are recommended to continue with CRUISE training courses.
1.3. Symbo ls The following symbols are used throughout this manual. Safety warnings must be strictly observed during operation and service of the system or its components.
Caution: Cautions describe conditions, practices or procedures which could result in damage to, or destruction of data if not strictly observed or remedied.
Note: Notes provide important supplementary information.
Convention Italics
Meaning For emphasis, to introduce a new term or for manual titles.
monospace
To indicate a command, a program or a file name, messages, or input / output on a screen or file contents.
SCREEN-KEYS
A SCREEN font is used for the names of windows and keyboard keys, e.g. to indicate that you should type a command and press theENTER key.
MenuOpt
A MenuOpt font is used for the names of menu options, submenus and screen buttons.
20-Sept-2013
1-1
3
CRUISE
Primer
1.4. Config uratio ns Software configurations described in this manual were in effect on the publication date of this manual. It is the user’s responsibility to verify the configuration of the equipment before applying procedures in this manual.
1-2
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
2. OVERVIEW 2.1. Wor kf lo w The following steps are recommended for the workflow: 1.
Create project/version
2.
Create vehicle model
3. 4.
Input the data in components Create connections: Energetic
5.
Create connections: Informational
6.
Create task folders and add tasks
7.
Set up calculation
8.
Run calculation
9.
View and evaluate results
The user is guided through these steps in the example description in the following chapter.
2.2. Com po nents The components used to build systems are located under the Desk Area – Modules Sidebar. Click on a component group and select a component by clicking it with the left mouse button. Keep the left mouse button pressed and drag it into the vehicle model area.
Databus Mechanical Connection Connection
20-Sept-2013
Exhaust Connection
2-1
3
CRUISE
Primer
2.3. Connections The two types of connections are described as follows:
s n o it c e n n o C c ti e rg e n E
l a n o ti a rm o f n I
n o ti c e n n o C
Mechanical Connection
Exhaust Connection
Electrical Connection
Informational Connection
Energetic:
Connections which transfer energy are divided by the type of energy which is transferred into the following groups: •
Mechanical
•
Exhaust System
•
Electrical
The energetic connections are established by poly-lines between the pins. Informational: Information to the Da ta Bus is the only informational connection.
The energetic connections are represented in the form of lines on the screen. The components with informational connections have only a small colored arrow on the left bottom corner of the symbol. To connect the different modules with information-flow, open the Data Bus dialog by double clicking with the left mouse button on the colored lines (red, green, and blue) at the bottom of the Vehicle Modeler. The following window opens:
Figure 2-1: Data Bus Window
2-2
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
The connections in the Data Bus are described as follows: In the first column (Component ... requires ) all components are listed which can receive information from other components (e.g. Engine ). In the second column (Input Information ... from ) all signals that the component, selected in the first column, can accept will be displayed (e.g. Load Signal ). Signals that are marked in blue in this column have to be connected; signals marked in black are optional. After selecting a signal in the second column, in the third column (Component ... delivering ) all components appear which can deliver such information (e.g. Cockpit ; in this case the only component that can deliver a Load Signal). In the fourth column ( Output Information ...) the signals appear that the component, selected in the third column, can deliver and that match the information, selected in the second column (e.g. Load Signal ). In CRUISE a pre-selection is done so that only the components that can provide the input information as requested in the second column are presented in the third and fourth columns (in this case only the Cockpit can deliver an information like the Load Signal ). For this example the Cockpit delivers the information about the actual Load Signal to the engine, where it is used to determine the output torque. In the graphical form this is displayed as follows:
20-Sept-2013
2-3
Primer
CRUISE v2013
3. MANUAL FRONT WHEEL DRIVE EXAMPLE This chapter describes how to create and run the model of a manual front wheel drive. The Pr i mer . pr j file is used in this example. It is recommended to refer to the CRUISE Users Guidefor more detailed information. 1. Start CRUISE by double clicking on the icon on the desktop or from Start selecting Menu/All Programs/AVL/Cruise 2. When CRUISE is started, the Layout and Platform Selection
window opens.
Figure 3-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window Select a layout, select a platform and then click start. The USER AREA opens.
Figure 2-2: Cruise USER AREA
20-Sept-2013
3-1
3
CRUISE
Primer
3.1. Create P ro jec t/Versi on 1. In the USER AREA click on the Projects folder with the right mouse-button and select new | project . Enter a name and select OK . The new name will appear in the projects tree. 2. Select this new project with the right mouse button and select new | version . Enter the new version name or keep the default version name. Select OK . 3. Select the version with the right mouse button and select save . All files and subdirectories required for the project management are created.
3.2. Create Vehi cl e Mod el
3-2
1.
Click on the DESK AREA and then click on the Vehicle Model .
2.
To place a component in the working area, click on the component group with the left mouse button, move the mouse over the required component and then click and drag the component.
3.
Place the following components in the working area: •
Vehicle
•
Engine
•
Clutch
•
Gear Box
• •
Single Ratio Transmission Differential
•
4 Brakes
•
4 Wheels
•
Cockpit
•
Monitor
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
4.
Arrange the components as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3-3: Complete Model
3.3. Compo nent Input Data 3.3.1. Vehicle Double click on the Vehicle or click on it with the right mouse button and select Edit and enter the following data. Comment
Manual FWD passenger car
Notice 1 Notice 2
manual
Notice 3
front wheel drive
Gas Tank Volume
0.075 m
Pressure Difference Engine/Environment
0.0 mbar
20-Sept-2013
3
3-3
3
CRUISE
Primer
0.0 K
Tempera ture Dif ference Engine/Environment Vehicle Body Dimensions Distance from Hitch to Front Ax le
3300 mm
Wheel Base
2650 mm
Height of Support Point at Bench Test
100 mm
Load Depe ndent Characte ristic s [mm] Load State
Distance of
Height of
Gravity
Gravity
Center
Center
Height of Hitch
Height of PFA
Tire Inflation
Tire Inflation
Pressure Front
Pressure Rear
Ax le
Ax le
empty
1250
552
400
0.0
2.0
2.2
half
1255
545
390
0.0
2.0
2.2
full
1263
530
368
0.0
2.0
2.2
Nominal Weight Curb Weight
1450 kg
Gross Weight
1930 kg
Ai r Co eff ic ien t 2
Frontal Area Drag Coeffici ent
1.88 m 0.32
3.3.2. Eng in e Double click on the Engine and enter the following data.
3-4
Comment
6 cylinder engine
Notice 1
gasoline
Notice 2
inline
Engine Type
Gasoline
Charger
Without
Engine Displacement
2478.0 cm³
Engine Working Temperature
80.0 C
Number of Cylinders
6
Number of Strokes
4
Idle Speed
750.0 1/min
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Maximum Speed
6000.0 1/min
Inertia Moment
0.134 kg*m²
Response Time
0.1 s
Fuel Type Fuel Type
petrol
Heatin g Value
44000.0 kJ/kg
Fuel Density
0.76 kg/l
Specific Carbon Content
0.86
3.3.2.1. Full Load Charact eris ti c Click on the Full Load Characteristic tab. Select from the b= pull-down menu. Add rows by clicking on
. Enter the following data. a
b
750
8.5
1321
24.2
1775
36.17
2119
45.27
2518
56.15
2959
68.62
3261
77.4
3537
85.13
3908
95.82
4266
105.34
4761
116.41
5188
123.29
5532
126.82
5780
127.5
6000
126.95
Then click on Update to display the curve.
20-Sept-2013
3-5
3
CRUISE
Primer
3.3.2.2. Motor ing Curve Click on the Motoring Curve tab. Select from the b= pull-down menu. Add rows by clicking on
. Enter the following data. a
b
750
0
1397
-3.15
1954
-5.32
2636
-7.67
3351
-9.65
3895
-10.97
4518
-12.43
5220
-13.72
6000
-14.95
Then click on Update to display the curve.
3.3.2.3. Engine Maps Basic Load the data for the Fuel Consumption Map by clicking on the button next to the name of the map
Then select load and from file from the context menu. Select the Pr i mer _ Fuel _ Consumpt i on_Map. dbf file in the pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _ Model s \ Pr i mer \ Man_FWD\ user dat a\ I nput _ Dat a directory. In the same way load also the data for NOx Emission Map, CO Emission Map and HC Emission Map. Always use the corresponding *.dbf file.
3.3.3. Clutch Double click on the Clutch and enter the following data. Comment
Friction Clutch
Notice 1
Mmax=350Nm
Inertia Moment In
0.01 kg*m²
Inertia Moment Out
0.01 kg*m²
Simple Model
3-6
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
350 Nm
Maximum transferable Torque
3.3.3.1. Pressure Force Click on the Pressure Force tab. Add rows by clicking on a
. Enter the following data.
b
0
5000
33
2250
66 100
750 0
Then click on Update to display the curve.
3.3.4. Gear B ox Double click on the Gear Box and enter the following data. 5 speed Gear Box
Comment Gear Ratio Table a
b
c
d
e
f
0
1
0.0015
0.005
10
10
1
3.62
0.0015
0.005
50
181
2
2.22
0.0015
0.005
50
111
3
1.51
0.0015
0.005
100
151
4
1.08
0.0015
0.005
25
27
5
0.85
0.0015
0.005
20
17
3.3.4.1. Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction Click on the Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction Enter the following data. a
b
0
0.95
1
0.95
2
0.95
3
0.95
4
0.95
5
0.95
tab. Add rows by clicking on
.
Then click on Update to display the curve.
20-Sept-2013
3-7
3
CRUISE
Primer
3.3.5. Singl e Ratio Transm is sio n Double click on the Single Ra tio Transmissi on and enter the following data. Comment
Final Drive
Notice 1
front
Transmiss ion Ratio
3.0
Inertia Moment In
0.008 kg*m²
Inertia Moment Out
0.015 kg*m²
3.3.5.1. Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction Click on the Efficiency and Torque Loss Correction
tab and enter 0.97 for Efficiency .
3.3.6. 4 Wheels The data for the 4 wheels is the same. Double click on the Wheel and enter the following data. Select Properties and define the appropriate Wheel Location for each wheel (Front Right, Rear Right, Front Left, and Rear Left). Comment
Manual FWD
Inertia Moment Wheel Slip
0.51 kg*m²
Friction Coefficient of
Tire
0.95
Reference Wheel L oad
2500 N
Wheel Load Correction Coefficient
0.02
3.3.6.1. Rolli ng Radiu s Click on the Rolling Radius tab and enter the following data.
3-8
Static Rolling Radius
305 mm
Circumference
1916.37 mm
Dynamic Rolling Radius
312 mm
Circumference
1960.35 mm
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
3.3.6.2. Roll in g Resistanc e Facto rs Click on the Rolling Resistance Factors tab. Add rows by clicking on following data. a
. Enter the
b
0
1.37
20
1.37
50
1.37
100 120
1.38 1.39
150
1.5
180
1.67
200
1.75
230
1.95
250
2.1
280
2.4
3.3.7. 4 Brakes The data for the two front brakes is the same and also the data for the two rear brakes is the same. Double click on the Brake and enter the following data. Front Disc Brake Rear Disc Brake Comment
Front Disc Brake
Rear Disc Brake
Notice 1
Front right / Front left
Rear Right / Rear left
Brake Piston Surface
1800 mm²
1500 mm²
Friction Coefficient
0.25
0.25
Specific Brake Fa ctor
1
1
Effective F rictio n Radius
130
110
Efficiency
0.99
0.99
Inertial Moment
0.02 kg*m²
0.015 kg*m²
20-Sept-2013
3-9
3
CRUISE
Primer
3.3.8. Differential Double click on the Differential and enter the following data. Comment
Differential
Notice 1
front
Differe ntial Lock
unlocked
Torque Split Factor
1
Inertia Moment In
0.015 kg*m²
Inertia Moment Out 1
0.015 kg*m²
Inertia Moment Out 2
0.015 kg*m²
3.3.9. Cockpit Double click on the Cockpit and enter the following data. Comment
Cockpit
Notice 1
passenger car
Notice 2
manual
Shift Mode
Manual
Number of Gears
Forward: 5 Reverse: 1
Maximum Brake Force
100 N
Number of Retarder Steps
0
Brake Light Switch Threshold
1.0 %
Click on the Ac cel eratio n Pedal Charact erist ic and Clu tc h Pedal Character is ti c tabs. Add rows by clicking on
. Enter the following data for both: a
b
0
0
100
100
Click on the Brake Pedal Characteristic tab. Select from the b= pull-down menu. Add rows by clicking on
3-10
. Enter the following data: a
b
0
0
100
180
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
3.3.10. Monitor Click on the Descripti on of Data Bus tab and click on
to open the following dialog.
Figure 4-4: Monitor – Description of Data Bus
To select a Data Bus Channel , click on to access the available list. Enter the text for the Description and then click on to select the Unit . Data Bus Channel
Descript ion
Unit
INPUT0
Vehicle Acceleration
m/s²
INPUT1
Vehicle Velocity
km/h
INPUT2
Vehicle Distance
m
INPUT3
Engine Load Signal
-
INPUT4
Engine Speed
1/min
3.4. Conn ection s: Energetic
Note: Some components do not need links and can stand alone (i.e. monitor, vehicle, cockpit). Components such as clutch, brake, wheel may not be connected correctly.
1. To connect the components, observe the following:
20-Sept-2013
3-11
3
CRUISE
Primer
a.
Move connecting pin to desired position. Do the same with the other component’s connecting pin.
b. To connect, right-click on the connecting pin. Then, from the context menu, select Connect . c.
Drag the line to the other connecting pin and click with the left mouse button.
Note: Only the same type of connecting pins can be connected.
d. Connection line is now complete. 2. Complete the connection lines on the rest of the components as shown in Figure 3-3.
Note: Some components have more than one pin (e.g. gearbox). Here
one pin is usually the input, the other one is the output. When connecting the components make sure that the connections are made correct (input should always be the engine side), otherwise the transmission can work in the wrong direction!
Most of the components have all the required connectors. In Differential (D) – Brake (B) – Wheel (W), Brake has only one mechanical connector. The mechanical diagram is as follows:
For a better representation pins can also be cloned. By cloning the existing pin on the Brake component, the user can create two connections: one to connect the Brake to the Wheel component and one to connect to the Transmission. By cloning the pin, all input data and output data for both pins is cloned. Thus, CRUISE considers both pins as one connection. Select the connecting pin as if you were choosing Connect , but choose Clone Pin from the context menu. This creates another connection on Brake, which should be moved to the appropriate spot.
3-12
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
3.5. Conn ection s: Info rmatio nal 1. When all connections are complete, open the Data Bus by double clicking on the colored lines (red, green and blue) at the bottom of the screen. The Data Bus makes the necessary connections and options for informational connections in the system. In the Data Bus window, the four columns contain items that must be linked together correctly. All items marked in blue must be connected. Items marked in black are optional and are connected at the user’s discretion. In the first column, click on Engine and Load Signal appears in the second column. Click on Load Signal and Cockpit appears in the third column. Click on Cockpit and Load Signal appears in the fourth column. If all is correct, click on Load Signal in the fourth column. The aforementioned objects in Columns B, C and D will now have the red, green, and blue lines before them. If all necessary connections for a component are made, this component name will be marked bold and gets a green tick in front of the name. 2. Connect the components as described in the following table. Component Requirement
Input Information From
Component Delivering
Output Information
Brake
Brake Pressure
Cockpit
Brake Pressure
Clutch-Friction Clutch
Desired Clutch Release
Cockpit
Desired Clutch Release
Cockpit
Gear Indicator
Gear Box
Current Gear
Operational Control 0
Engine
Operational Control
Speed
Engine
Engine Speed
Engine
Load Signal
Cockpit
Load Signal
Start Switch
Cockpit
Start Switch
Gear Box
Desired Gear
Cockpit
Desired Gear
Monitor
Input 0
Vehicle
Acceleration
Input 1
Vehicle
Velocity
Input 2
Vehicle
Distance
Input 3
Engine
Actual Load Signal
Input 4
Engine
Engine Speed
20-Sept-2013
3-13
3
CRUISE
Primer
Figure 5-5: Data Bus–Connections
3.6. Project Data 1.
Click on the Project folder and enter the relevant data, e.g.:
Comment
Manual FWD
Notice 1
Passenger car
Notice 2
manual
Notice 3
front wheel drive
Project Name
Manual FWD
2.
Click on the Vehicle folder and select standard manual for Drive Train Model . Deselect Switching to Drive Tra in Model “ general” permitted and click OK to the message.
3.7. Create Task Fo ld ers and Ad d Tasks Next add the Task Folders which will contain specific tasks. Unless otherwise stated, keep the default settings. 1. Under Project Data , click on Project with the left mouse button to select it and then with the right mouse button to open the context menu and select add | Task folder from the context menu. 2. Enter the following data: Comment
Manual FWD
Name of Folder
Cycle run
Max. Simul ation Time Step
0.05 s
3. Click on the Task Folder with the right mouse button and then select add and the required task from the following list:
3-14
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Figure 6-6: Folder Tasks Submenu For this Task Folder, select Cycle Run . 4. For Cycle Run , enter the following data: Comment
Manual FWD
Name
UDC
Temperature setting
Hot Start – steady state
Driving Resistance
physical
Solver
Quasi-stationary S
Location
Roadway
Road curvature
Without cornering
Wheel slip
Without slip
Gear Selection Upshifting
According to Profile According to Profile
Gear Selecti on Downshifting Driver
Load the Standard Driver by clicking on
Course
Load the Standard Course by clicking on
.
Profile
Load the UDC_man profile by clicking on
.
Load State – Ve hic le:
half
.
5. Add six more Task Folders with the following tasks and load the data from file:
Task Folder 2
Time Interval: 1.0 s
Climbing Performance
Cl i mbi ng. tsk is located in pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Man_FWD\ f ol der . 003
Task Folder 3
Time Interval: 1.0 s
Const ant . t sk is located in Constant Drive
pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Man_FWD\ f ol der . 004
20-Sept-2013
3-15
3
CRUISE
Primer
Load the Run i n al l gear s file. Constant Drive
Load the Maxi mum vel oci t y file.
Task Folder 4
f ul l l oad. t sk is located in pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Full Load Ac celera tion
Man_FWD\ f ol der . 005 Load the Accel er at i on i n al l Gear s file.
Full Load Ac celera tion
Load the Shi f t i ng Gears f r om St andst i l l
Full Load Ac celera tion
file. th Load the El ast i ci t y 80- 140 4 Gear
Task Folder 5
Time Interval: 1.0 s
Maximum Traction Force
t r act i on. t sk is located in pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \
file.
Man_FWD\ f ol der . 006 Task Folder 6
Time Interval: 1.0 s
Cruising
Cr ui si ng. t sk is located in pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Man_FWD\ f ol der . 007
Task Folder 7
Time Interval: 0.2 s
Brake/Coast/Thrust
br aki ng. t sk is located in pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Man_FWD\ f ol der . 008
3.8. Run Ca lc ul atio n
3-16
1.
In the DESK AREA click on
2.
Click on
Calculation Center or click on
to run the calculation.
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
3.9. Resu lts 1. Click on the Result Manager in the Navigation Frame and expand the task of which the results should be viewed. The selected object (e.g. Engine results) is shown in the right section of the window.
Figure 7-7: Result Manager Window 2. There are several information files in the directory Messages (refer to the Users Guide for more information), as well as the Result-Protocol-File (r esul t s. l og ).
Figure 8-8: Result Protocol Example There are two types of result outputs available with the Result Manager: •
20-Sept-2013
Standard Diagrams and
3-17
3
CRUISE
Primer
•
Presentation diagrams
There are examples of both in the following pages.
Figure 9-9: Standard Diagram Example Standard Diagrams are created separately for each component and only contain results of the individual component. The following options are available from the context menu when clicking with the right mouse button onto the diagram:
Figure 10-10: Mouse Functions
3-18
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Figure 11-11: Presentation Diagram – Summary Diagram Templates can be defined by the user and results of different components can be combined on one sheet. Text and graphics can also be included.
20-Sept-2013
3-19
3
CRUISE
Primer
Figure 12-12: Presentation Diagram – Driving Time Distribution In the result window, select File | Print Page to print calculation results.
3-20
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
4. TROUBLESHOOTING 1. CONNECTING COMPONENTS Go from left to right ( ⇐ ), front to back 2. COMPONENTS DO NOT CONNECT Ensure connections are done correctly. If it fails, components may not be compatible. 3. CHANGES ARE NOT SAVED OK was not selected to confirm the values in the Data Bus dialog.
When opening an EXISTING FILE, select BOTH Project Folder name AND version number. If only the Project Folder is selected, CRUISE will prompt a message No version selected, CR UISE will start w ithout data! Then select cancel and select the version number. 4. TEST(S) WILL NOT RUN Look for the following possible errors: Components are connected improperly Components are not assigned specifications Data Bus is incomplete (necessary links are incomplete)
Tests in Folder are incomplete and lack parameters All tests are marked do not run and calculations do not take place. 5. LOADING/COPYING DATA When copying data, make sure the desired file is under Filename on the left. If not, the Data does not exist! message pops up. Click on the correct name on the left side and the name will change.
20-Sept-2013
4-1
Primer
CRUISE v2013
5. AUTOMATIC FRONT WHEEL DRIVE EXAMPLE This chapter describes how to modify the manual front wheel drive example model, described in chapter 3, in order to crate an automatic front wheel drive model. 1. Start CRUISE by double clicking on the icon on the desktop or from Start selecting Menu/All Programs/AVL/Cruise 2. When CRUISE is started, the Layout, Platform and License Selection
window opens.
Figure 5-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window Select a layout, select a platform and then click start. The USER AREA opens.
5.1. Load Project/ Create Version 1. In the USER AREA click on the Projects folder and select the vehicle model, created in Chapter 3, by left-clicking on the version name. 2. Click with the right mouse button and select new | version . Enter the new version name (e.g. Aut_FWD). Select OK . 3. Select the version with the right mouse button and select save . All files and subdirectories required for the project management are created.
5.2. Mod if y Vehic le Mod el The changes that need to be done are the following: 1.
Delete the Clutch component by right-clicking it and selecting remove module from the context menu.
2.
Add the following components to the model:
20-Sept-2013
•
Torque Converter
•
Gear Box Control
5-1
3
CRUISE
Primer
•
3.
Gear Box Program
Arrange the components as shown in the following figure.
Figure 5-2: Complete Model
5.3. Compo nent Input Data 5.3.1. Cockp it Double click on the Cockpit and change the selection Shift Mode from Manual to Au to matic .
5.3.2. Torq ue Con vert er
Double click on the Torque Converter and enter the following data.
5-2
Comment
Torque Converter
Notice 1
hydro
Notice 2
oil
Notice 3
12 plates
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Inertia Mome nt of Pump with Oil
0.016 kg*m²
Inertia Moment of Turbine w ith Oil
0.011 kg*m²
Max. Torque lock-up Clutch
0.001 Nm
Input Mode
Torque conversion
5.3.2.1. Torq ue Conv ersi on Curv es Click on the Torque Conversion Curves tab. Load the data for the Torque Conversion Curves by clicking on the button next to the name of the input
Then select load and from file from the context menu. Select the Pr i mer _ Tor que_Conver si on_Cur ves. dbf file in the pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Aut _FWD\ user dat a\ I nput _ Dat a directory.
5.3.3. Gear Box Contr ol Double click on the Gear Box Control and enter the following data. Comment
GB Control
Notice 1
5 speed
5.3.3.1. Shifti ng Ac cor ding to Velocit y Click on the Shifting According to Velocity down menus. Add rows by clicking on
tab. Select from the b= and c= pull. Enter the following data:
a
b
c
1
25
23
2
50
38
3
75
60
4
100
70
5.3.3.2. Shifti ng A cco rdin g to Speed Click on the Shifting Acc ording to Spee d tab. Add rows by clicking on following data:
20-Sept-2013
a
b
c
1
3000
1500
2
3000
1500
3
3000
1500
4
3000
1500
. Enter the
5-3
3
CRUISE
Primer
5.3.3.3. Shifti ng Ac cor ding to Speed i n t he next Gear Click on the Shifting A ccording to Spee d in n ext Ge ar tab. Add rows by clicking on Enter the following data: a
b
c
1
2000
2500
2
2000
2500
3
2000
2500
4
2000
2500
.
5.3.4. Gear Bo x Progr am Double click on the Gear Bo x Progr am and enter the following data. Comment
GB Program
Notice 1
5 speed
5.3.4.1. Shifti ng Pro gr ams Sta ndard Click on the Shifting Progra ms Standard tab. Load the data for the Shifting Program by clicking on the button next to the name of the input
Then select load and from file from the context menu. Select the
Pr i mer _ Shi f t i ng_ Pr ogr am_ 1. dbf file in the pr oj ect s\ Convent i onal _Model s\ Pr i mer \ Aut _FWD\ user dat a\ I nput _ Dat a directory.
5.4. Conn ection s: Energetic Connect the Torque Converter between Engine and Gear Box
5.5. Connectio ns: Inform ational Connect the components as described in the following table.
5-4
Component Requirement
Input Information From
Component Delivering
Output Information
Gear Box Control
Current Gear
Gear Box
Current Gear
Desired Gear (Cockpit)
Cockpit
Desired Gear
Desired Gear (G.B. Program)
Gear Box Program
Desired Gear
Gear Selection Downshifting
Cockpit
Gear Selection Downshifting
Gear Selection Upshifting
Cockpit
Gear Selection Upshifting
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
Gear Box Program
Operation Control
Cockpit
Operation Control
Reference Speed
Torque Converter
Turbine Speed
Velocity
Cockpit
Velocity
Current Gear
Gear Box
Current Gear
Load Signal
Cockpit
Load Signal
Speed
Gear Box
Output Speed
Modify the signal Desired Gear for Gear Box from: Component Requirement
Input Information From
Component Delivering
Output Information
Gear Box
Desired Gear
Cockpit
Desired Gear
Component Requirement
Input Information From
Component Delivering
Output Information
Gear Box
Desired Gear
Gear Box Control
Desired Gear
To:
5.6. Project Data 1. Click on the Project folder and enter the relevant data, e.g.: Comment
Automatic FWD
Notice 1
Passenger car
Notice 2
manual
Notice 3
front wheel drive
Project Name
Automatic FWD
2. Click on the Vehicle folder and select standard automatic
for Drive Train Model .
5.7. Task Fold ers and Tasks
There are some minor changes that are necessary in the tasks . 1. In the task Cycle Run do the following:
20-Sept-2013
Shifting Strate gy
Select Gear Shifting Program
Profile
Load the UDC_aut_2007.pro profile by clicking on
.
5-5
3
CRUISE
Primer
2. In the tasks Climbing Performance , Constant Drive – Run in all Gea rs , Full Load Ac cel eratio n – Maxi mum A cc eleration in all Gears and Maximum Traction Force activate the option Tiptronic in the Shifting section.
5.8. Run Ca lc ul atio n
5-6
1.
In the DESK AREA click on
2.
Click on
Calculation Center or click on
to run the calculation.
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
6. SETTING UP AND RUNNING A MATRIX CALCULATION This chapter describes how to set up and run a Matrix Calculation in order to perform parameter variations. The manual front wheel drive example model, described in chapter 3 is used as the basis. 1. Start CRUISE by double clicking on the icon on the desktop or from Start selecting Menu/All Programs/AVL/Cruise 2. When CRUISE is started, the Layout, Platform and License Selection
window opens.
Figure 6-1: Layout and Platform Selection Window Select a layout, select a platform and then click start. The USER AREA opens.
6.1. Load Project/ Create Version 1. In the USER AREA click on the Projects folder and select the vehicle model, created in Chapter 3, by left-clicking on the version name. 2. Click with the right mouse button and select load .
6.2. Selecting parameters for variation 1. Open the Engine component by double-clicking it. 2. Move a mouse over the parameter name Engine Displacement . 3. Click on it and select Matrix Calculation and add as single variable from the context menu. 4. Close the Engine component. 5. Open the Single Ratio Transmission (Final Drive)
component by double-clicking it.
6. Move a mouse over the parameter name Transmissi on Ratio .
20-Sept-2013
6-1
3
CRUISE
Primer
7. Click on it and select Matrix Calculation and add as single variable from the context menu. 8. Close the Single Ratio Transmission (Final Drive)
component.
6.3. Sett in g parameter v alues 1. Go to Calculation Center and select Matrix Calculation . You should see the selected parameters Engine Displacement and Transmissi on Ratio in the list. 2. Click the Engine Displacement to select it. Then click on the value in the column variation . 3. Enter the following data: 1900-2300:100 4. Click the Transmiss ion ratio to select it. Then click o n the value in the column variation . 5. Enter the following data: 2.73; 2.81; 2.9; 3.05 It should look like this:
Figure 6-2: Matrix calculation; parameter list
6.4. Select in g Task Fold ers and task s f or calculation 1. Holding down the Control button on the keybord select the Task Folders that contain tasks Cycle run, Constant Drive and Full Load Ac celera tion by clicking them with left mouse button. 2. Right-click on one of the selected Task Folders and select Folder(s) (3) and run only this from the context menu. 3. Select the task number two (Maximum Velocity ) in the Task Folder containing the Constant drive tasks by clicking it with left mouse button. 4. Right-click on the selected task and select Task(s) (1) and run only this from the context menu.
6-2
20-Sept-2013
Primer
CRUISE v2013
5. Select the task number two (Shifting Gea rs fr om Standstill ) in the Task Folder containing the Full Load Acceleration tasks by clicking it with left mouse button. 6. Right-click on the selected task and select Task(s) (1) and run only this from the context menu. The following figure shows the result of these actions.
Figure 6-3: Selected Task Folders and tasks
6.5. Run Ca lc ul atio n 1. 2.
In the DESK AREA click on Select Matrix Calculation.
3.
Click on
20-Sept-2013
Calculation Center or click on
to run the calculation.
6-3
