Crédito Y Cobranza Internacional

REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO UNIVERSITARIO “ANTONIO JOSE DE SUCE” SEDE: CARACAS ADMINISTRACIÓN ADMINISTRACIÓN Y CIENCIAS COMERCIALES

CREDITOS Y COBRANZAS INTERNACIONAL

Profesora:

Ea!ora"o #or:

Car$e% J&'a Ba%(o

Pe)a Ma*'% C+I: ,-././,.

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Crédito y Cobranza Internacional

E% &% $&%"o 0o!a'1a"o 2a (o$o e% e 3&e 4'4'$os 5o* e% "6a7 os %e0o('os '%2er%a '%2er%a('o ('o%a %aes es $ar(a% $ar(a% &%a #a&2a #a&2a '$#or2 '$#or2a%2 a%2e e "e%2ro "e%2ro "e (o$er(' (o$er('o7 o7 s'e%"o s'e%"o e (r8"'2o * #or (o%se(&e%2e a (o!ra%1a &% "er'4a"o "e "'(5a a(2'4'"a"7 os (&aes 0e%era% &%a %e(es'"a" "e efe(2&ar #a0os a "'s2a%('a * re(6#ro(a$e%2e (o!ra%1as a "'s2a%('a7 e%2re or0a%'1a('o%es &!'(a"as e% "'s2'%2os #a6ses+ Es #or es2o 3&e se re3& re3&''ere% ere% 28(% 28(%'( '(as as es#e es#e(6 (6ff'(as '(as #ara #ara e !&e% &e% f&%(' &%('o% o%a a$'e% $'e%2o 2o "e es2 es2as 2ra%sa(('o%es+ S'% e$!ar0o7 e% a a(2&a'"a" e $&%"o a2ra4'esa #or &%a (r's's e(o%9$'(a f&er2e * (ara$e%2e es2o 5a '$#a(2a"o e% as e$#resas as (&aes se 5a% 4's2o afe(2a"as7 #&es 5a% 2e%'"o &% a&$e%2o s'0%'f'(a2'4o e% o 3&e es2as e%2'"a"es (o%o(e% (o$o “Car2era Ve%('"a”+ A&%3&e e a&$e%2o "e a “Car2era Ve%('"a” %o 5a (rea"o $a*or (o%('e%('a e% as or0a%'1a('o%es7 %' s'3&'era #or os a%2e(e"e%2es 5's29r'(os 2a (o$o e (aso "e Le5$a% Bro25ers e%2'"a" e%2'"a" f'%a%('era f'%a%('era 3&e se f&e a a 3&'e!ra #or &% e;(eso "e o2or0a$'e%2o "e (r8"'2os 5'#o2e(ar'os #&es as e$#resas 5o* e% "6a s'0&e% a&$e%2a%"o %&e4os (r8"'2os+ To"as a3&e a3&eas as o#or2& o#or2&%'" %'"a"e a"ess "e %e0o(' %e0o('o o '%2er% '%2er%a(' a('o%a o%aes es "e a e$#resa e$#resa re3&'ere% es2ra2e0'as '$#or2a%2es "e (r8"'2o * (o!ra%1a 3&e es #&e"e% a*&"ar a (orre(2o f&




'%(re$e%2o "e %&es2ra (ar2era "e ('e%2es7 *a 3&e e% os %e0o('os se 2ra2a "e >ANAR?>ANAR+ El Fondo Monetario Internacional

@&e (rea"o $e"'a%2e &% 2ra2a"o '%2er%a('o%a e% ,- #ara (o%2r'!&'r a es26 es26$& $&o o "e "e !&e% !&e% f&%( f&%('o 'o%a %a$' $'e% e%2o 2o "e a e(o% e(o%o$ o$6a 6a $&%" $&%"'a 'a++ Co% Co% se"e se"e e% as5'%02o%7 e 0o!'er%o "e @o%"o Mo%e2ar'o I%2er%a('o%a so% os , #a6ses $'e$!ros7 (as' a 2o2a'"a" "e $&%"o+ E @o%"o Mo%e2ar'o I%2er%a('o%a es a '%s2'2&('9% (e%2ra "e s's2e$a $o%e2ar'o '%2er%a('o%a7 es "e('r7 e s's2e$a "e #a0os '%2er%a('o%aes * 2'#os "e (a$!'o "e as $o%e"as %a('o%aes 3&e #er$'2e a a(2'4'"a" e(o%9$'(a e%2re os #a6ses+ Costos y beneficios del crédito y cobranza en los negocios internacionales

C&a%"o 5a!a$os "e (os2os * !e%ef'('os (o$o #ar2e "e (&a3&'er o#era('9% e(o%9$'(a es %e(esar'o #a%2ear s' (o$o res&2a"o "e ese (os2o '%(&rr'"o e !e%ef !e%ef'( '('o 'o es#e es#era ra"o "o (&$# (&$#e e (o% (o% as as e;#e( e;#e(2a 2a2'2'4a 4ass "e "e %e0o( %e0o('o 'o++ Para Para eo eo es '$#or2a%2e se#arar e '"e%2'f'(ar as a(2'4'"a"es rea('o%a"as (o% e (o%(e#2o "e (r8"'2o * e "e a (o!ra%1a7 *a 3&e a&%3&e a$!as for$a% #ar2e "e &% ('(o "e 2ra% 2ra%ssa((' a(('9% 9% e% (&a3 &a3&' &'er er e$#r e$#res esa a a f'%a '%a (a"a (a"a &%a &%a 2'e 2'e%e s&s s&s #ro# #ro#''as #ar2'(&ar'"a"es+ Del crédito:

E (o%(e#2o "e (r8"'2o es &2''1a"o 5o* e% "6a #or a 0ra% $a*or6a "e e$#resas '%"e#e%"'e%2e$e%2e "e 2a$a)o "e (a"a &%a "e es2as Formas de pago y cobro internacional crédito y cobranza internacional

Def'%'('9%





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Le2ras "e (a$!'o7 Do(&$e%2os "e e$!ar3&e7 e2(+

Políticas de cobranza Plazos de Cobro

O2ro as#e(2o '$#or2a%2e a es2a!e(er as #o62'(as ra"'(a e% "e2er$'%ar (&=%"o * (9$o se 5ar= e #r'$er esf&er1o "e (o!ro+ Es "e('r7 (&a%2o 2'e$#o "es#& "es#&8s 8s "e a fe(5 fe(5a a "e 4e%(' 4e%('$' $'e% e%2o 2o as as (&e%2 (&e%2as as $oros $orosas as se (o%4' (o%4'er2 er2e% e% e% ee$e%2o a(2'4o "e%2ro "e #ro(e"'$'e%2o "e (o!ro+ E 2'e$#o e% re(&#erar a (&e%2a #&e"e ser "e &%a se$a%a7 3&'%(e "6as o &% #er'o"o $a*o+ Problemas Especiales

E% es2e (aso a a(2'2&" "e a e$#resa e% o 3&e res#e(2a a a a(e#2a('9% a(e#2a('9% o e re(5a1o "e #e"'"os (o$#e$e%2ar'os "e &% ('e%2e (o% sa"os 4e%('"os 3&e es2e es2e s'e%"o s'e%"o a2e%"' a2e%"'"o "o #or (o!ra%1 (o!ra%1a+ a+ A0&%a A0&%ass e$#resa e$#resass a"o#2a% a"o#2a% &%a #o62' #o62'(a (a es2r'(2a a %o a(e#2ar $=s o#era('o%es "e "'(5os ('e%2es+ Condiciones de ventas plazos de cobro

E #r'$er #&%2o 3&e a$er'2a (o%s'"era('9% #ara '$#a%2ar &%a #o62'(a "e (o!ra%1a so% as (o%"'('o%es (o%"'('o%es "e 4e%2a #ro0ra$as #ro0ra$as #or a e$#resa+ Los #e3&e)os %e0o('os &2''1a% &% soo 2'#o "e (o%"'('9% * os $a*ores &2''1a% " "'fere%2es 2'#os+ o* o* e% "6a "6a as as (o%" (o%"'( '('o 'o%e %ess 4ar6 4ar6a% a% e% (&a% (&a%2o 2o a #a1 #a1o7 o7 os os #or( #or(e% e%2a 2a
@a2a "e #a0o "e &% #r8s2a$o o (&a3&'er o2ro 2'#o "e 4'oa('9% "e as (o%"'('o%es "e &% (o%2ra2o "e #r8s2a$o+ Us2e" #&e"e ser #&es2o e% es2a"o "e





Procedimiento de cobro

E "e#ar2a$e%2o "e (o!ro e
Es &% "o(& "o(&$e $e%2 %2o o e (&a (&a #as #as$a $a 2o"a 2o"ass as as fa(2 fa(2&r &ras as #e%" #e%"'e 'e%2 %2es es * a 4e%( 4e%(er erse se77 #or #or o 3&e 3&e re#r re#res ese% e%2a 2a &% (o!r (o!ro o $=s $=s 0e%e 0e%era ra''1a 1a"o "o++ E (&a (&a 4a a(o$#a)a"o "e &%a !re4e '%4'2a('9% a #a0ar as fa(2&ras #e%"'e%2es7 sea"a o '$#reso '$#reso e o0o "e a e$#resa e% "'(5o "o(&$e%2o "o(&$e%2o #ara 4a'"ar s&s a&2e%2'('"a"+ a&2e%2'('"a"+ Por o re0&ar es2e $82o"o o '$#e$e%2a% 2o"as as e$#resas Cartas tipo

Es2as (ar2as so% e%4'a"as a os ('e%2es (o% &% re2raso f&era "e o or"'%ar'o7 a (&a e;#resa 3&e se 3&'ere e0ar a &%a %e0o('a('9% 5a('8%"oes 4er e a5orro e% 2'e$#o * "'%ero s' a2'e%"e% "'(5o a4'so7 #or o 3&e es2e 2'#o "e (ar2as "e!e 5a(er 5a(erse se (o% (o% &% 2'#o 2'#o "e re"a( re"a((' ('9% 9% s&s(e s&s(e#2 #2'! '!e e a ('e ('e%2 %2e e #ara #ara (rea (rearr a0o a0o "e se%s'!''"a" * a2'e%"a a (o$&%'(a"o+ Correspondencia de cobranza

Es2a es a 28(%'(a 3&e se '$#e$e%2a #ara 5a(eres e0ar as (ar2as 2'#o7 a os "'s2'%2os ('e%2es (o% a0F% 2'#o "e re2raso+ Cartas intermedias de cobro

Es2as e$er0e% (o$o (o%se(&e%('a a %o res#o%"er a os a4'sos #re4'os 3&e se e e%4'aro%7 es2e #aso (o%s's2e e% e%4'ar a &% (o!ra"or for$a #ara e0ar a





Etapa final en la gestin de cobro

Es2a e2a#a e0a (&a%"o %o 5a* res&2a"os (o% os #asos a%2er'ores $'s$a 3&e se es2= a&;''a%"o "e a0&%a "e#e%"e%('a <&r6"'(a7 * es2a #&e"e 4ar'ar e% 2'e$#o a o 3&e (o%('er%e e 2rasa"o "e a (&e%2a "e &% #aso a o2ro+ Es2a e2a#a (o%s's2e e% e%4'ar &%a (ar2a "o%"e se e;#resa 3&e s' %o se #a0a &%a (a%2'"a" a(or"a"a e% &% "e2er$'%a"o 2'e$#o7 a (&e%2a ser= 2rasa"a"a a &% DPTO+ J&r6"'(o7 e (&a se 5ar= (ar0o "e "'(5a (&e%2a+ Mec!nicas de pago Efectivo

La rea'1a('9% "e #a0o a (o%2a"o #&e"e 5a(erse "e $&* "'4ersas for$as e%2re as $=s 5a!'2&aes se e%(&e%2ra%: 

La e%2re0a "e "'%ero e% efe(2'4o7 e% (&*o (aso7 a#are(er= e% a fa(2&ra a f'r$a "e #ro4ee"or '%"'(a%"o e re('!6 o &%a f9r$&a e3&'4ae%2e7 o !'e%



8s2e e$'2'r= a ('e%2e &% re('!o #ara a(re"'2ar a e%2re0a "e "'%ero+ I%0reso e% efe(2'4o e% a (&e%2a (orr'e%2e "e #ro4ee"or+

"ecibo

E #a0o #a0o e% efe( efe(2'2'4o 4o 3&e" 3&e"ar ar= = a(re a(re"' "'2a 2a"o "o $e"' $e"'a% a%2e 2e e re(' re('!o !o++ Es &% "o(&$e%2o e$'2'"o #or a #erso%a 3&e (o!ra e "'%ero * ser= e%2re0a"o a o2ra #erso%a e% (o%(e#2o "e #a0o "e &%a $er(a%(6a a"3&'r'"a o a #res2a('9% "e &% ser4'('o "e2er$'%a"o+ E% e re('!o "e!er=% (o%s2ar os s'0&'e%2es "a2os:      

E %F$ero "e re('!o+ L&0ar * fe(5a "e e;#e"'('9%+ No$!re o ra19% so('a "e 3&'e% e%2re0a e "'%ero+ No$!re o ra19% so('a "e e$'sor "e re('!o+ La (a%2'"a" e%2re0a"a e% e2ra * %F$ero+ @'r$a "e e$'sor "e re('!o+







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B'e2es fasos Ro!o o e;2ra46o Tra$'2es e% a"&a%as Cos2o f'%a%('ero+

C$e%ue

Es &% "o(&$e%2o 3&e 5a "e '!rarse (o%2ra &% !a%(o o e%2'"a" "e (r8"'2o 3&e 2e%0a fo%"os a "'s#os'('9% "e '!ra"or7 * "e (o%for$'"a" (o% &% a(&er"o e;#reso o 2=('2o7 se0F% e (&a e '!ra"or 2e%0a "ere(5o a "'s#o%er #or (5e3&e "e a3&eos fo%"os+ #spectos       

E;'s2e%('as "e @o%"os @'r$as Corre(2as Re$esas e% @'r$e Cer2'f'(a('9% Pos2?@e(5a"o A #or2a"or D's(re#a%('a e% '$#or2e+

&u'etos (ibrador: Es a #erso%a 3&e e$'2e e (5e3&e * or"e%a s& #a0o a !a%(o+ (ibrado: Es e !a%(o o e%2'"a" "e (r8"'2o a a 3&e se e or"e%a #a0ar e (5e3&e+ )enedor )enedor o tomador: es a #erso%a 3&e #osee e (5e3&e+







A &%a #erso%a "e2er$'%a"a7 (o% o s'% (=&s&a “a a or"e%”+ De!er= f'0&rar e %o$!re "e a #erso%a f6s'(a o <&r6"'(a 3&e 2'e%e "ere(5o a #er('!'r e '$#or2e "e (5e3&e+ C&a%"o sea “a a or"e%” a#are(er= "'(5a e;#res'9% a%2e(e"'e%"o a %o$!re "e a #erso%a f6s'(a o <&r6"'(a+ Se 2ra%sf'ere #or



e%"oso+ A &%a #erso%a "e2er$'%a"a " e2er$'%a"a (o% (=&s&a “%o a a or"e%”+ A (o%2'%&a('9% "e a e;#res'9% “#=0&ese #or es2e (5e3&e a” "e!e f'0&rar e %o$!re "e a #erso%a f6s'(a o <&r6"'(a7 3&e 2'e%e "ere(5o a #er('!'r e '$#or2e "e (5e3&e7 * a e;#res'9% “%o a a or"e%”+ No es 2ra%s$'s'!e #or e%"oso+

Morosidad

S'2&a('9% 0e%era"a #or e '%(&$#'$'e%2o "e #a0o re3&er'"o &e0o "e a fe(5a "e #a0o '%for$a"a e% e Es2a"o "e C&e%2a+ Es2a s'2&a('9% "a &0ar a (o!ro "e (o$'s'o%es 4'%(&a"as a (o!ra%1as "e a(&er"o (o% e 2ar'far'o 4'0e%2e+ *egociacin #creedor + Deudor

Ne0o('a('9% Ne0o('a('9% "e a "e&"a es &% #ro(eso e% e 3&e os "e&"ores o #erso%as 3&e a(2Fe% e% s& %o$!re e% 2ra!a




A0&%as '%s2'2&('o%es so%:   

C=$ara "e Co$er('o I%2er%a('o%a GCCIH Ce%2ro I%2er%a('o%a #ara a Reso&('9% "e Co%2ro4ers'as La Cor2e "e Ar!'2ra
Pago internacional    

R'es0os e% e  Co$er('o I%2er%a('o%a R'es0os Co$er('aes R'es0os Po62'(os R'es0os E;2raor"'%ar'os

Factores Determinantes     

Co%f'a%1a Na2&rae1a R'es0o #a6s Pr=(2'(as (o$er('aes * !a%(ar'as Peso "e a %e0o('a('9% (o$er('a

"epercusiones de una mala seleccin delos medios de pago internacional "epercusiones de una mala seleccin de los medios de pago internacional   

A2os (os2os S'2&a('9% "e No #a0o "e a o#era('9% Re2raso e% a o#era('9% o06s2'(a

Importancia en personal de dpto, De cobranza





+? a Co$&%'(a('9% * os Ca%aes so!re as (&aes a e

Crédito Y Cobranza Internacional

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