COMMUNITY AND FAMILY MEDICINE HEALTH LAWS – __D__ 1. It is the duty of the family to take care of its elderly members while the state may design programs of social security for them, to motivate and encourage the senior citizens to contribute to nation building. This law is called: A. RA 8172 C. RA 7876 B. RA 8976 D. RA 7432 __A__ 2. This is an act creating the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) to accelerate the development of traditional and alternative health care in the Philippines. A. RA 8423 C. RA 7875 B. RA 8976 D. RA 7719 __A__ 3. Generics Act of 1988 is also called: A. RA 6675 C. RA 7875 B. RA 7600 D. RA 8504 __B__ 4. This law provides basic health insurance for all Filipinos and establishes the PHIC: A. RA 7600 C. EO 102 B. RA 7875 D. EO 105 __A__ 5. An Act promoting voluntary blood donation, provision for an adequate supply of safe blood and regulating blood banks is: A. RA 7719 C. RA 7160 B. RA 7875 D. RA 7277 __D__ 6. This law phases out leaded gasoline and reduces aromatics and benzene in unleaded gasoline, otherwise known as Clean Air Act of 1999. A. RA 5946 C. RA 7875 B. RA 7160 D. RA 8749 __C__ 7. RA 7600 is the: A. Health Maintenance Organization Code of 2001 B. “Asin Bill” C. Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992 D. Phil AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 __D__ 8. The National Health Insurance Program covers the following, EXCEPT: A. Employed sector C. Non-paying members B. Individually paying members D. Optional retirees __D__ 9. The services that Phil Health does not compensate include/s: A. Optometric services C. Nonprescription drugs B. Normal delivery D. All of the above __D__ 10. Under the NHI Program, benefit/s include/s: A. Room and board for inpatient hospital care B. Diagnostic and other medical examination services for in and out patient care C. Emergency and transfer services D. All of the above RESEARCH METHODS – __D__ 11. Criteria of a good research problem include/s: A. Researchability C. Feasibility B. Significance D. All of the above __A__ 12. A researcher wrote this statement: “Coffee drinking does not cause coronary artery disease.” What type of hypothesis is he stating? A. Null hypothesis C. Two-tailed alternative hypothesis B. One-tailed alternative hypothesis D. None of the above
__D__ 13. The research objective is essential for the following reason/s: A. Indicates relevant variables to be considered in the study B. Guide researcher in the choice of research design C. Tell the researcher what data to collect and how to analyze them D. All of the above __C__ 14. The statement “To determine the effectiveness and safety of Vaccine A against Disease X.” is a: A. Null hypothesis C. General objective B. Alternative hypothesis D. Specific objective __A__ 15. In a cause-effect relationship study of cigarette smoking and lung cancer, cigarette smoking is the: A. Independent variable C. Confounding variable B. Dependent variable D. Control variable __D__ 16. After being exposed to an infectious agent, the class was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was given an immunomodulator while the other group was given placebo. They were assessed after 1 week. What type of research design was employed: A. Cross sectional study C. Cohort study B. Case Control Study D. Experimental Study __A__ 17. A method of selecting a number of subjects from a universal population such that every member has an equal chance of being drawn into the sample: A. Simple random sampling C. Cluster sampling B. Systematic sampling D. Multi-stage sampling __C__ 18. A study on the hand washing practices of doctors assigned in the out patient clinic was anticipated. The most appropriate data collection method to use is: A. Review of documents C. Observation B. Querry D. Laboratory examination __D__ 19. Sources of inaccuracies when there is lack of objectivity of the test used: A. Inter-observer variation C. Biological variation B. Intra-observer variation D. A and B __A__ 20. A profile study of victims of violence uses this tool for data analysis: A. Frequency distribution C. Odd’s ratio B. Chi-square test D. t test BIOSTATISTICS – __B__ 21. A Rural Health Physician wants to collect data on malnutrition among preschoolers in a particular Barangay. The only weighing scale available is the bathroom scale. He tested the scale for repeatability or consistency in weights it gives in three separate measurements. The Rural Health Physician is interested in what quality of data: A. Accuracy C. Validity B. Precision D. Adequacy __C__ 22. A physician wants to determine the prevalence of parasitism among school children in an urban area. There is great variability in the economic status in that locality. On one hand, most children in private schools come from affluent families, and o the other hand, most children from public schools come from poor families. The most appropriate type of sampling methodology to use in this situation is: A. Simple Random Sampling C. Stratified Random Sampling B. Systematic Sampling D. Multi-stage Sampling __C__ 23. In estimating/projecting population size, the method/s that assume/s that population size is changing continuously at every infinitesimal amount of time is/are: A. Arithmetic Method C. Exponential Method B. Geometric Method D. Both B and C
__A__ 24. A measure of central tendency that is affected by outliers: A. Means C. Mode B. Median D. B and C __C__ 25. A measure of variability, it is defined as the average squared deviation from the mean: A. Range C. Variance B. Standard Deviation D. Coefficient of Variation __B__ 26. The distribution of childhood illnesses is an example of data that has this type of distribution: A. Normal Distribution C. Skewed to the left B. Skewed to the right D. None of the above __D__ 27. The area between +/-3 standard deviations in a normally distributed data covers about this much percentage of the total area: A. Close to 90% C. Close to 98% B. Close to 95% D. Close to 100% __C__ 28. Suppose that systolic blood pressure (SBP) among non-hypertensive males is normally distributed with a mean SBP of 110 mm Hg and a standard deviation of 10. About 68% of non-hypertensive males have SBP within +/- 1 standard deviation. Thus 68% of nonhypertensive males have SBP that ranges from: A. 90-130 mm Hg C. 100-120 mm Hg B. 95-125 mm Hg D. 105-115 mm Hg __A__ 29. 20% (p=0.20) of men and 15% (p=0.15) of women are acrriers of a particular genetic trait. Suppose that this trait can only be inherited by a child if both parents are carriers. What is the probability (p) that their child is born with this genetic trait? A. 0.03 C. Either 0.20 or 0.15 B. 0.35 D. None of the above __A__ 30. A research is made to determine the relationship between emotional quotient (EQ) and academic performance among medical students. After controlling for confounding variables, results of the study shows that the relationship is statistically significant at p-value=0.06. The researcher thus concludes that there is a relationship between the EQ and academic performance. A type of error that the researcher may commit in this instance is: A. Type I error C. Beta error B. Type II error D. None of the above PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION – __C__ 31. An evaluation or appraisal of present conditions and existing resources is: A. Planning C. Situational analyses B. Assessment D. Implementation __D__ 32. Demographic factors in planning includes description of: A. Existing health services B. Working health systems C. Socio-economic-environmental conditions D. Age gender composition and distribution __D__ 33. Health status evaluation includes the following, EXCEPT: A. Infant mortality rate C. All of the above B. Hospital services utilization D. None of the above __B__ 34. A gap between what is and what should be: A. Idea C. Priority B. Problem D. Condition __D__ 35. In the Primary Health Care approach, focus group discussion and community assembly are strategies for: A. Appropriate technology C. Establishing support groups B. Networking and linkages D. Community participation
__B__ 36. Working together with the people, learning their language and eventually establishing a herbal-medicinal garden for people consumption is an example of: A. Establishing support groups C. Networking and linkages B. Appropriate technology D. Community participation __C__ 37. An example of establishing support groups for program continuity: A. Committing civic, religious, non-government organizations to actively participate B. Putting up a Botika sa Barangay with the help of the Municipal council C. Creation of an organization of asthmatic patients in the early identification and proper referral of asthmatics D. Consultative meetings with community leaders for the creation of latrines in certain areas __B__ 38. Among the list, the program that would benefit the greatest number of people: A. Provision of food and drugs B. Accessibility to safe water C. Health education D. Proper waste collection and disposal __D__ 39. In the course of implementation, when the quality of service is not at par, management should: A. Review established standards B. Reprimand staff concerned C. Measure difference in output D. Modify activities/objectives __A__ 40. During an evaluation procedure, complaints against nurses have been recorded and analyzed. In making decisions, management should be reminded of: A. Error of practical significance B. Statistical data as evidence based materials C. Opinions of co-managers and staff D. Generalization based on records at hand BIOETHICS – __A__ 41. A 75 year old diabetic patient with gangrenous foot refused to be amputated knowing all the risks and benefits. She said she is too old to live without a leg. The doctor agreed. What is your ethical evaluation of the doctor’s decision? A. Right. Patient’s autonomy is respected. B. Wrong. There’s harm to the patient. C. Right. Patient accepted an additional burden. D. Wrong. Patient’s ability to decide is questionable. __C__ 42. A patient told his doctor that he do whatever is best for him. This is not a violation of the principle of autonomy because of the following reason: A. Accepts an additional burden C. Delegate authority B. Gives up what is due D. Looses right to what is due __D__ 43. The following are true EXCEPT: A. Truth telling of harm overrides confidentiality B. In emergency situation informed consent can be waived C. Unplugging of life-sustaining machines is justifiable if and when they are no longer useful to the dying person D. Clinical research need not involve animal experimentation __A__ 44. The principle of totality is the governing principle in the following situation: A. Plastic surgery and mutilation with due cause B. Voluntary organ donation C. Confinement of mentally ill against their will D. Conflict of interest
__B__ 45. Hospitals cannot be held liable for patients who go home against medical advice because patient: A. Gave up what is due C. Accepted an additional burden B. Lost right to what is due D. delegated authority __C__ 46. Which among the following situations is a nonviolation of the principle of justice? A. Kidneys for transplant are scarce. You decided to buy from indigent patients. B. Allocating more of the government funds to kidney transplant program than to the free immunization program for children under six. C. Following a typhoon, health care is given to the victim who will die without an aid. D. Compulsory tubal ligation in government hospital. __B__ 47. Which among the following patients vying for one available respirator would gain the most from using the respirator? A. Trauma victim with severe brain damage. Only few brainstem functions remain. He is unlikely to recover. B. Patient with infection of the nervous system that rendered him paralyzed from the trunk down. He is, however, progressively improving and is expected to recover. C. Patient with complete and irreversible spinal injury that has left her paralyzed from the neck down. She is able to talk but totally dependent on the respirator. D. Cancer patient undergoing palliative treatment. __C__ 48. A poor patient needing care agrees to enroll in a research study so as to be admitted in the hospital for free treatment of his medical problem. Was an informed consent obtained in this case? A. Yes. Information is understood by subject. No evidence of constraint on subject’s voluntariness. B. No. Lack of competence. C. No. Questionable voluntariness due to subject’s personal circumstance. D. No. Probable incomplete disclosure and deception. __B__ 49. An employee was discovered to be sick during the annual physical examination sponsored by the company. His health would be adversely affected if he continues with his job. He pleads not to tell his employer. What should the physician do? A. Maintain confidentiality at all times. B. Break confidentiality for the best interest of the patient. C. Break confidentiality for the best interest of innocent third party. D. Wait and observe. __A__ 50. Which among the following is NOT a condition to stop treatment in a dying patient? A. Life is preserved by ordinary means B. Patient and/or family consents C. Irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent D. Treatment will not prolong life for any significant time DOH Programs -__B__51. One of these statements corresponds to the epidemiologic criteria of SARS diagnosis: A. Severe respiratory illness B. Close contact within 10 days of onset of symptoms with a person known or suspected to have SARS C. Radiographic evidence of pneumonia D. Co V in specimens obtained more than 3 weeks after onset of illness __A__52. The DOH responsibility on the National Rabies Control Program consists of: A. Dog vaccination B. Enforcement of ordinance on dog control measure C. Management of dog bites D. Officially designating canine rabies diagnostic laboratories
__B__53. This is the most effective control approach in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A. Adulticide C. Thermal fogging B. Elimination of larval habitats D. Space spraying __D__54. The leprosy situation in the Philippines according to demographic surveys showed: A. 60% of new cases are MB B. 8% of new cases are below 15 years old C. 3% of new cases have grade 2 deformity D. 10 0f the 16 regions achieved the elimination goal __D__55. The elimination objective of Filariasis is: A. Decrease prevalence rate in endemic municipalities to 2/1000 population B. Decrease prevalence rate by 1/1000 population C. Decrease prevalence rate by less than 1/1000 population D. Zero case in previously endemic municipalities __A__56. This is a new advocacy campaign of DOH in collaboration with heart specialty societies aimed at preventing /controlling CVD: A. Mag HL Tayo C. Yosi Kadiri B. Love your heart, let it beat D. Walk for your life __D__57. Reason/s for failure of TB Control efforts: A. Inadequate political commitment and funding B. Over reliance on BCG
C. Inadequate organization of services D. All of the above
__A__58. Intervention methods in ARI: A. Expanded Program on Immunization B. Vitamin A supplementation
C. Good nutrition D. Antibiotics intake
__A__59. The top leading types of cancer in men in the Philippines: A. Lung & liver cancer C. Liver & prostate cancer B. Lung & prostate cancer D. Liver & stomach cancer __B__60. The most common lifestyle factor associated with lung cancer: A. Alcohol drinking C. Frequenting night clubs B. Cigarette smoking D. Drug abuse __A__61. Breast Self Examination belongs to what level of prevention? A. Primary C. Tertiary B. Secondary D. A and B __C__62. The drug of choice for Pneumonia as recommended by the WHO: A. Benzathine Penicillin C. Cotrimoxazole B. Amoxycillin D. Chloramphenicol __C__63. The principal killer of HIV positive people: A. Moniliasis C. Pulmonary Tuberculosis B. Kaposi’s Sarcoma D. Pneumocystis carini __B__64. A child having diarrhea with sunken eyes, thirsty and skin pinch goes back slowly is classified as: A. Very severe dehydration C. Some dehydration B. Severe dehydration D. No dehydration __A__65. Long term goal/s of the AIDS control program: A. Prevention of complications B. Mandatory testing for AIDS C. Wide use of condom D. Disclosure of the results of HIV testing among visa applicants
FAMILY MEDICINE -__C__66. The De la Cruz couple, Pedro and Juanita have been married for two months. Which of the following would be the main emotional issue at their stage of the family life cycle? A. Balancing careers C. Committing to the marriage B. Maintaining couple functioning D. Planning for a child __D__67. After one year, the couple above have their first born, Louie. How would you classify their family? A. Bilateral C. Extended B. Blended D. Nuclear __C__68. In constructing their genogram after 6 months have elapsed, a zigzag line is seen joining husband and wife. This would denote which of the following? A. Coalition C. Discord B. Withdrawal D. Separation __D__69. When Louie turned 2, he was confined for diarrhea. A genogram at this point would show him to be the index patient. Which symbol is used? A. Diagonal C. Broken line B. Arbitrary D. Arrow __A__70. If you wanted to measure this family’s functionality, which tool would be most useful? A. APGAR c. SCREEM B. Lifeline D. Ecomap __C__71. If you wanted to check the available resources to respond to the illness of Louie, which tool is used? A. APGAR C. SCREEM B. FES D. GEI __B__72. As Louie becomes a teenager, the family life cycle stage assumes a new developmental task, which is: A. Developing autonomy C. Renegotiating couple bond B. Expanding boundaries D. Starting mid-life transition __B__73. In family systems theory, the coming of children to a married couple implies changes in the roles of both father and mother. What do you call this kind of change? A. First order C. Third order C. Second order D. Pervasive __C__74. This paradigm was developed by Engel who proposed that physiologic dysfunction is tied up with environmental stress and internal issues. A. Life-span perspective C. Biopsychosocial model B. System approach D. Cross-cultural transaction __D__75. Which of the following theories is useful for preventive care because it helps the clinician anticipate key transitions and educate family members about changes? A. Social support C. Psychoimmunology B. Intergenerational D. Developmental Epidemiology – __D__76. Epidemiology can be defined as the study of: A. The etiology of disease in humans B. The frequency of causes of death in humans C. The determinants of frequency of disease in humans D. The distribution and determinants of frequency of disease in human populations
__B__ 77. The time interval between entry of an infectious agent into a host and the onset of symptoms is called: A. The communicable period C. The preinfectious period B. The incubation period D. The noncontagious period __A__ 78. Primary prevention may be best undertaken during the period of: A. Pre-pathogenesis C. Resolution or sequelae B. Pathogenesis D. Any of the above __D__ 79. In the study of the cause of a disease, the essential difference between an experimental study and an observational study is that in the experimental investigation A. The study is prospective B. The study and control groups are of equal size C. The study and control groups are selected on the basis of history of exposure to the suspected risk factor D. The investigators apply an intervention to influence the outcome of the study, for effective methods of treatment, prevention, or clinical management __B__ 80. The occurrence of a group of illnesses of similar nature at a rate above the expected number is called: A. Hyperendemic C. Endemic B. Epidemic D. Pandemic
__D__ 81. To determine whether maternal deficiency of folate is a cause of congenital defects of the neural tube, the mothers of 100 newborns with congenital neural tube defects and 200 newborns without congenital neural tube defects were questioned about intake of multivitamins and folate during pregnancy. What type of study is this? A. Clinical trial C. Cohort B. Cross-sectional D. Case-Control The following two-by-two table represents the findings of the study.
(+) folate deficiency in the mother (-) folate deficiency in the mother Total
Mothers of Newborns with Congenital Neural Tube Defects 15
Mothers of Newborns without Congenital Neural Tube Defects
Total
85
100
10
190
200
25
275
300
__A__ 82. The correct calculation of the parameter to measure the association between exposure and outcome is: A. [15 x 190]/[85 x 10] B. [15 + 85]/ [15 + 85 + 10 + 190] C. [15 + 10]/ [15 + 85 + 10 + 190] D. [15/(15 + 85)]/[10/(10 + 190)] __A__ 83. The above-mentioned study revealed an odds ratio of 3.35 (95 % Confidence Interval= 1.35-8.42) associated with maternal deficiency of folate. If the study described is accurate, which of the following statements is true? A. Results suggest that a baby whose mother had folate deficiency is about 3.35 times as likely to be born with congenital defects of the neural tube as a baby whose mother did not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05). B. Results suggest that the odds of giving birth to newborns with congenital defects of the neural tube among mothers with folate deficiency is 3.35 as compared to mothers who do not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05). C. Results suggest that the risk of giving birth to newborns with congenital defects of the neural tube among mothers with folate deficiency is 3.35 times as compared to mothers who do not have folate deficiency and the association is significant (p<0.05).
D. The results provide no evidence that maternal deficiency of folate is associated with congenital defects of the neural tube in the offspring. Lou Stewells, a pioneer in the study of diarrheal disease, has developed a new diagnostic test for cholera. When his agent is added to the stools, the organisms develop a characteristic ring around them (He calls it the “Ring-Around-the Cholera” [RAC] test). He performs the test on 100 patients known to have cholera and 100 patients known not to have cholera with the following results: Cholera No Cholera (+) RAC test 91 12 (-) RAC test 9 88 Total 100 100 __A__ 84. The sensitivity of RAC test A. 91/[91+9] x100%= 91% B. 88/[9+88]x100%= 91% C. 91/[91+12]x100%= 88% D. 88/[12+88]x100%= 88% During the investigation of an outbreak of food poisoning at a summer camp, food histories were obtained form all campers as indicated in the table below. Consumed Food Did Not Consume Food Food served
Ill
Hamburger Potatoes Ice cream Chicken Lemonade
6 7 8 13 2
Not Ill 4 3 10 5 8
Specific Attack Rate 6/10 = 60% 7/10 = 70% 8/18 = 44% 13/18 = 72% 2/10 = 20%
__D__ 85. The incriminated food item is most likely to be: A. Hamburger B. Potatoes C. Ice cream D. Chicken
Ill 4 2 2 1 4
Not Ill 4 3 2 7 4
Specific Attack Rate 4/8 = 50% 2/5 = 40% 2/4 = 50% 1/8 = 12.5% 4/8 = 50%
