BOARD REVIEW
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER.
1.
2.
Viruse uses in induce uce ce cell injury through: gh: A. direct cytopathic effect B. immune – mediated reactions
C. both A & B are correct D. neither A nor B is correct
Proc Proces esss (es (es in! in!ol ol!e !ed d in in cel celll nec necrrosi osis is is (ar (are e:: A. denaturation of proteins B. en"ymic digestion of cells
C. both A & B are correct D. neither A nor B is correct
#.
$he $he fol follo lo%i %ing ng stat statem emen ents ts are are $&' $&' of of cas caseo eous us necr necros osis is:: A. it is a com)ination of coagulation and li*uefaction necrosis B. it is a characteristic feature of tu)erculosis C. both A & B are are corr correct ect D. neither A nor B is correct
+.
,aun ,aundi dice ce is due due to to the the accu accum mulat ulatio ion n of of this this pigm pigmen ent: t: -. lipofuscin A. bili biliru rubi bin n B. hemosiderin D. melanin
.
$he $he se* se*ue uenc ncee of cell cellul ular ar e!en e!ents ts in infl inflam amma mati tion on is: is: A. margination margination ia!ee"i" ia!ee"i" chemota#i" chemota#i" !hagoc$to"i" !hagoc$to"i" B. diapedesis margination chemota/is phagocytosis C. chemota/is margination diapedesis phagocytosis D. chemota/is diapedesis margination phagocytosis
0.
$he $he mos mostt eff effec ecti ti!e !e mea means ns of micr micro) o)ia iall il illi ling ng is !ia !ia the the:: A. o/ygen – independent mechanism B. myelopero"idase independed mechanism C. h$rogen h$rogen !ero#ie% !ero#ie% m$elo!ero#i m$elo!ero#ia"e a"e an halie "$"tem "$"tem D. only A - are correct
3.
$he $he mos mostt imp impor orta tant nt caus causee of of del delay ay in %oun %ound d hea heali ling ng is: is: -. inade*uate )lood supply A. ine inect ctio ion n B. presence of foreign )odies D. mechanical factors
4.
5eloid is due to e/cessi!e: A. granulation tissue B. granuloma formation
-. am amyloid deposition D. collagen accumulation
6.
dem demaa can can resu result lt from from any any of of the the foll follo% o%in ing g mec mecha hani nism sms: s: A. increased hydrostatic pressure of the )lood B. increased osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid (sodium retention C. decreased oncotic pressure of plasma protein D. all o o the abo'e abo'e are are corre correct ct
17.
A patien patientt %ith %ith -89 has general generali"e i"ed d edema. edema. $he operat operati!e i!e mechani mechanism sm in!ol!ed in edema are the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. increased aldosterone secretion B. increased central !enous pressure C. diminished - D. imini"h imini"he e ADH ADH "ecre "ecretion tion
11. 11.
Peri Perior or)i )ita tall edem edemaa is usua usuall lly y enc encou ount nter ered ed in: in: A. filariasis -. li!er cirrhosis D. inflammatory states B. ne!hr ne!hriti iticc "$n "$nr rom omee
12.
9luid that collects during acute inflammation and that has a protein content in e/cess of #.7 g;< and => o!er 1.71 is termed: -. hydropericardium A. e#uate B. transudate D. %heal
1#.
A segment of one chromosome transferred to another segment is no%n as: -. in!ersion A. mutation B. tran"location D. deletion
1+.
$he most common cause of the occurrence of 5linefelter?s syndrome: A. non+i",unction in meiotic i'i"ion in oogene"i" B. non@disjunction in meiotic di!ision in spermatogenesis C. non@disjunction in meiotic di!ision in em)ryogenesis D. translocation
1.
$he num)er of Barr )odies in a patient %ith +4 aryotype: A. none C. t-o B. one D. three
10.
$he follo%ing clinical manifestations are seen in a patient %ith Do%n?s syndrome E(CE)T* A. dysplastic pel!is and middle phalan/ of hand B. mental retardation C. microce!hal$ D. hori"ontal palmar crease
13.
Pathologic changes that ha!e )een descri)ed in ACD= include cell of the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. hypogammaglo)ulinemia B. 'iral inclu"ion" in hi"tioc$te" o l$m!h noe" C. $+;$4 ratio is !ery lo% D.
14.
$hymectomy in ne% )orn infant %ill cause: A. impaired cell@mediated immune response B. impaired anti)ody response C. hea!y chain disease D. no i"cenible immune $"unction
16.
$u)erculous lesions are )rought a)out )y: A. release of e/oto/in C. h$!er"en"iti'it$ reaction D. acti!ation of lysosomes B. release of endoto/in
27.
Cmmunoglo)ulins are produced )y: A. neutrophils B. )asophils
-. eosinophils D. l$m!hoc$te"
21.
$he follo%ing are malignant conditions E(CE)T* -. melanoma A. hepatoma B. lymphoma D. aenoma
22.
$his tumor )elong to the category of )lastoma: -. s*uamous cell carcinoma A. dermoid cyst B. adenocarcinoma D. Wilm" tumor
2#.
$he follo%ing are non@neoplasia E(CE)T* A. hamartoma -. dysplasia B. choristoma D. ibroma
2+.
$he follo%ing are suppressor genes E(CE)T* A. p# -. APD. 9 – C B. bcl+/
2.
A 0@year@old )oy de!elops a)dominal pain and !omiting preceded )y a #@day period %ithout )o%el mo!ements. A diagnosis of intestinal o)struction is made. f the follo%ingE the most liely reason for the o)struction is a )olus of: -. =trongyloides tercoralis A. $aenia saginata D. nchocerca !ol!ulus B. A"cari" lumbricoie"
20.
$he follo%ing is;are attri)uted directly or indirectly to schistosomiasis E(CE)T* A. "olitar$ li'er ab"ce"" B. granulomatous around shcistosoma o!a C. dar (gray color of the li!er and spleen )ecause of a hemoglo)in@deri!ed pigment that accumulate in reticulo@endothelial cells D. urinary )ladder malignancyE predominantly of the s*uamous cell type
23.
$he morphologic changes in typhoid fe!er include the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes throughout the lymphreticular systemE %ith some lymphocytes and plasma cells B. enlargement of the li!er %ith areas of focal necrosis surrounded )y mononuclear cell proliferation (typhoid nodules C. o'al ulcer" in the ileum -ith their long a#i" along the long a#i" o the bo-el
24.
A chronic carrier state of typhoid fe!er is most liely due to the persistence of the organism in: A. the appendi/ C. the gall blaer B. the corte/ of the idney D. the ileum
26.
9unction of thiamine: A. co+en0$me in o#iati'e ecarbo#$lation o al!ha+1etoaci" B. synthesis of DA and &A C. respiratory en"yme in the cytochrome en"yme D. all of the a)o!e are correct
#7.
$he meta)olism of calcium is closely regulated )y: -. thyroid gland A. !itamin D B. parathyroid gland D. all o the abo'e are correct
#1.
$he mechanism of clotting is affected )y: A. Vitamin A -. $hiamine B. Vitamin 2 D. Vitamin
#2.
$his;these pollutants is;are dangerous )ecause once released into the en!ironment they are Ffore!erG i.e. resistant to natural process of decay. -. car)on mono/ide A. !ol$chlorinate bi!hen$l" B. chloroform D. all of the a)o!e are correct
##.
thyl alcohol to/icity %ill cause: A. !enous throm)osis B. cheery@red discoloration of sin
#+.
C. att$ li'er D. gingi!itis
Hhich of the follo%ing is the most common ad!erse effect of smoingI A. m$ocarial inarction -. cancer of the pancreas B. cancer of the )ladder D. peptic ulcer disease
#.
/posure to car)on particle in the am)ient air %ill result to: A. Anthracosis -. progressi!e massi!e fi)rosis B. coal %orer?s pneumoconiosis D. an$ o the abo'e
#0.
$he leading cause of death in children )et%een @1+ years of age is: A. malignant neoplasm C. in,urie" re"ulting rom accient" D. cardiac diseases B. congenital anomalies
#3.
$he highest at ris period for intrauterine cytomegalo!irus infection: -. #rd trimester of pregnancy A. 1st trimester of pregnancy D. all of the a)o!e B. /n trime"ter o !regnanc$
#4.
rganogenesis is completed )y: A. 2nd trimester of pregnancy B. the end of 2nd trimester
C. the en o 3"t trime"ter D. the middle of 1st trimester
#6.
Polyarteritis nodosa fre*uently affected organs include all of the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. 5idney C. 4ung" D. >C$ B. 8eart
+7.
All of the follo%ing are characteristic features of throm)oangitis o)literans (Buerger?s disease E(CE)T* A. lesions are sharply segmental B. onl$ the lo-er e#tremitie" are aecte C. arteries of small and medium si"e are affected D. )oth upper and lo%er e/tremities are affected
+1.
All of the listed anatomic changes are considered as important features in syphilitic aortitis E(CE)T* A. longitudinal %rinling (tree )aring B. dilatation of aortic !al!e ring C. o)literati!e endarteritis of !asa !asorum D. -iening o coronar$ o"tia
+2.
$he histological hallmars of temporal or giant cell arteritis are the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. lymphocytic infiltrate in the intima and inner media B. disruption of incarnal elastic lamira associated %ith giant cells C. patchy necrosis of the media D. eo"ino!hilic iniltration o all mu"cular coat"
+#.
-omplicated or ad!anced atherosclerosis %ould most liely affect this portion of the )lood !essel: A. intima only -. intima and ad!entitia B. intima an meia D. ad!entitia
++.
A )iopsy of the femoral artery re!ealed calcification in the media %ould )e compati)le %ith: A. accelerated hypertension B. young indi!idualsE usually male C. usual complication of ischemia and gangrene D. none o the abo'e
+.
A !ascular tumor associated %ith ACD= is: -. Angiosarcoma A.
+0.
$he follo%ing are associated %ith cor pulmonale E(CE)T* A. concentric let 'entricular h$!ertro!h$ B. congesti!e heart failure C. pulmonary !al!e dilatation D. pulmonary hypertension
+3.
$he follo%ing are possi)le morphologic changes in sicle cell disease E(CE)T* A. >amma >andy )odies in the spleen B. Papillary necrosis in the idney due to capillary stasis C. Jicro infarction in the )rain D. E'ience" o chronic glumerulone!hriti"
+4.
A decrease in the num)er of platelets is seen in %hich condition E(CE)T* A. !ol$c$themia 'era -. idiopathic throm)ocytopenic purpura B. aplastic anemia D. acute leuemia
+6.
B@thalassemia major sho%s all of the follo%ing features E(CE)T* A. hypochromic microcytic anemia B. target cells and anisocytosis in peripheral )lood smear C. imini"he "$nthe"i" o the al!ha chain hemoglobin D. clinical necessity for multiple )lood transfusions
7.
$he patterns of chronic lymphadenitis include the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. sinus histiocytosis -. follicular hyperplasia B. paracortical hyperplasia D. "u!!urati'e l$m!haeniti"
1.
F=tarry syG pattern of lymph node is characteristic of: A. Bur1itt" l$m!homa -. 8istiocytic lymphoma D. =e"ary?s syndrome B. 8odgins lymphoma
2.
#.
$he most common type of 8istiocytosis in infants is: A. eosinophilic granuloma C. letterer+"i-e "$nrome B. hand@schuller@christian disease D. unifocal langerhans cell histiocytosis
+.
=inus histiocytosis are normally seen in nodes draining: -. drug a)use A. infection B. cancer" D. immunologic disorders
.
A patient presents %ith hemoptysis and acute renal failure. A diagnosis %orth considering in this clinical picture is: A. As)estosis C. 5oo !a"ture" "$nrome D. tu)erculosis B. primary atypical pneumonia
0.
Alpha@1 antitrypsin deficiency is associated %ith: -. Hegener?s granulomatosis A. !anlobular em!h$"ema B. anthracosis D. )ronchogenic carcinoma
3.
nlargement of pulmonary al!eolar spaces %ith destruction of septal %alls is seen in: A. chronic )ronchitis -. pulmonary infarction D. al!eolar proteinosis B. em!h$"ema
4.
A chest /@ray that sho%s a shaggy ca!ity %ith a thic irregular )order and satellite densities in the right lo%er lo)e is most compati)le %ith: A. )ronchogenic carcinoma C. ab"ce"" D. histoplasmosis B. tu)erculosis
6.
Hhich statement a)out esophageal cancer is falseI A. it is usually of s*uamous cell type B. mo"t common in the i"tal !ortion C. primarily a disease of elderly males D. characteri"ed )y dysphagia and painless %eight loss
07.
Jacrophages %ith positi!e periodic acid@schiff@staining material in intestinal lamina propia and lymph nodes are characteristically found in: A. Hilson?s disease C. Whi!!le" i"ea"e B. le!ated serum gastrin le!els D. >ardener?s syndrome
01.
$he Jallory@Heiss syndrome is due to laceration in the mucosa of the: -. Pylorus A. E"o!hagu" B. =tomach D. =mall intestine
02.
-arcinoma of the >C$ %ould )e e/pected to occur %ith greatest fre*uency in patients %ith: -. -rohn?s disease A. amilial !ol$!o"i" o the colon D. gastric ulcer B. !illous adenoma of the colon
0#.
-hronic o)struction of the cystic duct results to de!elopment of: A. -holedochal cyst C. H$ro!" o the gall blaer B. Porcelain gall )ladder D. -arcinoma of the gall )ladder
0+.
Hhich of the follo%ing condition(s increase(s the ris of )ile duct carcinomaI A. -holedochal cyst -. 8ydrops of the gall )ladder B. Porcelain gall )ladder D. Choleocholithia"i"
0.
-arcinoma of the pancreas: A. occurs most often in the )ody of the pancreas B. is associated %ith hypocalcemia C. ari"e" rom the !ancreatic uctal cell" D. is usually cured )y total pancreatectomy All of the follo%ing pediatric conditions are characteri"ed )y unconjugated hyper)iliru)inemia E(CE)T* A. 8emolytic disease of the ne%)orn B. Physiologic jaundice of the ne%)orn C. Intrahe!atic biliar$ atre"ia D. >il)ert?s syndrome
00.
03.
$he least common type of gall )ladder calculi are: A. pure calcium )iliru)inate -. pure cholesterol B. !ure calcium carbonate D. mi/ed stone
04.
-holelithiasis is mainly due to: A. Cnfection B. "u!er"aturation o bile -ith chole"terol
06.
-. )ile stasis D. inflammation
Cn addition to nephritic injuryE the other main cause of acute tu)ular necrosis is: -. se!ere hypocomplementemia A. =epsis D. immune comple/ deposition B. I"chemia
37.
f the complications of acute pyelonephritis enumerated )elo%E one does not )elong: A. retroperitoneal a)scess formation C. acute e!i"oe" o !aro#$"mal H)N D. pyonephrosis B. renal papillary necrosis
31.
f the ris factors for pyelonephritis enumerated )elo%E one does not )elong: A. iabete" mellitu" B. male se/ C. congenital a)normalities of the urinary tract D. pregnancy
32.
-hronic renal diseaseE pheochromocytomaE -onn?s syndromeE coarctation of the aorta and acromegaly are all conditions that may lead to: -. Hegener?s granulomatosis A. !enous throm)osis B. hypersensiti!ity !asculitis D. h$!erten"ion
3#.
ests of urothelium may )e found in the lamina propia of the urinary )ladder representing normal !ariation in the morphology of the )ladder. $hese nests of urothelium are called: A. Brunner?s nests C. Brunn" ne"t" D. Burner?s nests B. Burney?s nests
3+.
$he follo%ing are implicated in the causation of )ladder carcinomaE E(CE)T* A. Beta naphthylamine -. -yclophosphamide B. =. 8aemoto)ium D. There i" no e#ce!tion
3.
A ne%)orn )a)y %as noted to pass out urine through a small opening in the area of the um)ilicus. $his is most pro)a)ly due to: -. /strophy of the )ladder A. 'rachal cyst D. Any of the a)o!e B. )atent urachu"
30.
$ransitional cell tumors that are more liely to )eha!e as malignant are characteri"ed )y the follo%ing E(CE)T* A. Cnduce angiogenesis B. Janifest highly a)normal aryotypes C.
33.
$he follo%ing is caused )y human papilloma !irus type 0 (8PV@0: -. condyloma lata A. >iant condyloma B. Con$loma acuminatum D. all of the a)o!e
34.
$he follo%ing are $&' a)out hypospadias and epispadiasE E(CE)T* A. -ommonly associated %ith failure of normal descent of the testes and malformation of the )ladder B. Jay lead to partial urinary o)struction C. Possi)le cause of sterility D. There i" no e#ce!tion
36.
$he majority of o!arian neoplasms arise from: A. germ cells -. se/@cord stroma D. metastatic from >C$ B. "urace e!ithelial cell
47.
$he most common site of endometriosis: -. recto@!aginal septum A. fallopian tu)e D. !agina B. o'ar$
41.
-horiocarcinoma is most often preceded )y: A. a)ortion -. normal pregnancy B. ectopic pregnancy D. H. mole
42.
$he most common primary malignant tumor of the o!ary: A. endometrioid carcinoma C. "erou" c$"taenocarcinoma D. yol sac tumor B. mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
4#.
-ord lie ducts filled %ith necrotic and cheesy tumorous tissue that can )e readily e/truded upon pressure is seen in: -. medullary carcinoma A. mucinous carcinoma B. comeocarcinoma D. paget?s disease of the )reast
4+.
4.
=ites of metastases of cystosarcoma phyllodes are usually: A. a/illary lymph nodes -. li!er D. )rain B. lung" an bone
40.
$he most fre*uent site of )reast cancer is: A. lo%er inner *uadrant C. u!!er outer 6uarant D. su)areolar B. upper inner *uadrant
7or number" 89 to 8: 43. A female patient presented %ith Fmoon faciesEG truncal o)esity and hisrutism. Plasma cortisol %as ele!ated. $hese features characteri"e: A. -onn?s syndrome -. Haterhouse@9riderichsen syndrome D. nly B - are correct B. Cu"hing" "$nrome
44.
Cf you suspect the presence of -ushing?s syndromeE you should perform a: A. lo- o"e e#ametha"one te"t B. high dose de/amethasone suppression test C. )oth A B are correct D. neither A nor B is correct
46.
Cf this %ere -ushing?s syndromeE one %ould e/pect: A. suppression of cortisol secretion C. no "u!!re""ion o corti"ol "ecretion D. only A B are correct B. suppression of A-$8 secretion
67.
=uppression of cortisol secretion %ith high dose de/amethasone suppression test indicates the presence of: A. an adrenal neoplasm C. !ituitar$ ACTH e#ce"" B. ectopic A-$8 syndrome D. all of the a)o!e are correct
61.
Hhich of the follo%ing is a secondary lesionI A. %heal C. ero"ion B. pustule D. )ulla
62.
Psoriatic patients typically de!elop sil!ery: A. e/coriations -. papules D. pustules B. "cale"
6#.
A patient presents %ith !esicles on the left side of his trun. A simple la) procedure to do to support a diagnosis of herpes "oster is: A. gram stain C. T0anc1 "mear B. 58 stain D. Patch test
6+.
ne of the etiologic factors in acne is the: A. Pityrosporum C. )ro!ionibacterium B. =taphylococcus D. nterococci
6.
$he pauci)acillary therapy for 8ansen?s disease is: A. &ifampicin 077 mgK flo/acin +77 mgK Jinocycline 177mg daily for 0 months B. Riam!icin ;<
60.
A child presents %ith an array of maculesE papulesE !esiclesE and )ullaeE reddishE %ith pale eroded center in!ol!ing the e/tremitiesE lips and oral mucosa in a symmetric pattern. $here %as intae of penicillin and sulfonamides for urinary tract infection. $he patient most liely has: A. er$thema multiorme -. lichen planus D. porphyria B. psoriasis
63.
Jost common primary malignant )rain tumor: -. >anglioneuroma A. >eullobla"toma D. ependymoma B. glio)lastoma multiforme
64.
8istologic criteria for glio)lastoma multiforme: A. !ascular endothelial proliferation B. anaplasia C. both A & B are correct D. neither A nor B is correct
66.
Jedullo)lastoma most fre*uently occurs in: A. age 07 and a)o!e C. chilren & $oung ault" D. no age predilection is o)ser!ed B. middle adulthood
177.
$u)erculoma in children fre*uently occurs in: A. =upratentorial C. )o"terior o""a B. Cnfratentorial D. $ranstentorial
