BAB I Kelelahan di tempat Kerja (Reaction Timer)

EDE I \M@GDA]J]D@ D. Jdwdu Emjdhd`f Od{djda

Emhmubd

omu}|dhd`

{m{}dw}

yd`f

gie}w}ahd`

cjma

od`}{id.

Hme}w}ad` iw} emuodkdo/odkdo* emuhmoed`f gd` emu}eda* edahd` {mui`f hdji wigdh gi{dgdui cjma |mjdh}`yd. [m{mcud`f emhmubd hdum`d dgd {m{}dw} yd`f i`fi` gikd|di gd` cud`f emuadud| dhwi~iwd{ hmubd yd`f gijdh}hd``yd dhd` omoedvdhd` {}dw} hmdgdd` yd`f jmeia omo}d{hd` gdui {memj}o`yd. \muhmoed`fd` \muhmoed`fd` wmh`cjcfi yd`f {modhi` odb} om`gcuc`f I`gc`m{id om`kd|di wdad| i`g}{wuidji{d{i* ydiw} dgd`yd emuedfdi odkdo i`g}{wui yd`f giw}`bd`f gm`fd` wmh`cjcfi odb} gd` ocgmu`. [djda {dw} hc`{mh}m`{i gdui |muhmoed`fd` i`g}{wui yd`f {d`fdw |m{dw gd` |mu{di`fd` yd`f hmwdw d`wdu |mu}{dadd` gi I`gc`m{id {mhdud`f iì dgdjda wmuwd`wd`f`yd |uc{m{ |ucg}h{i hmubd gdjdo |mu}{dadd` {}|dyd wmu}{ om`mu}{ emu|ucg}h{i {mjdod 57 bdo. Gm`fd` gmoihid` giadud|hd` dgd |mì`fhdwd` h}djiwd{ gd` h}d`wiwd{ |ucg}h{i }`w}h om`kd|di hm}`w}`fd` yd`f odh{iodj. \mud`d` od`}{id gdjdo i`g}{wui wigdh gd|dw gidedihd` hdum`d {do|di {ddw iì gdjdo |uc{m{ |ucg}h{i od{ia wmugd|dw dgd`yd hmwmufd`w}`fd` d`wdud djdw/djdw hmubd dwd} gm`fd` hdwd jdi` dgd`yd d`wdud od`}{id* djdw gd` edad` {muwdji`fh}`fd` hmubd I`wmudh{i d`wdud od`}{id* djdw gd` edad`* {muwd ji`fh}`fd` hmubdomìoe}jhd` ememud|d |m`fdu}a wmuadgd| wm`dfd hmubd. \m`fdu}a dwd} gdo|dh `mfdwin {medfdi ad{ij {do|i`f |uc{m{ i`g}{wui omu}|dhd` emed` wdoedad` gdui wm`dfd hmubd* yd`f ei{d omìoe}jhd` hmjmjdad` hmubd !Uc{d* 5<44). 4

Hmjmjdad` omu}|dhd` {}dw} omhdì{om |muji`g}`fd` dfdu w}e}a wmuai`gdu gdui hmu}{dhd` jmeia jd`b}w* {mai`ffd dhd` wmubdgi |mo}jiad`. Fmbdjd hmjmjdad` dhiedw hmubd gd|dw emuhi{du gdui ud{d {dhiw |dgd cwcw* ud{d hdh} dwd} hmbd`f |dgd edfid` w}e}a wmuwm`w}* ud{d {dhiw dwd} `ymui ai`ffd ud{d hd`w}h* hmei`f}`fd` om`wdj* hmhmbd`fd` o}{h}jdu !cwcw) gd` hmbm`}ad`. Wi`fhdw hmjmjdad` dhiedw hmubd yd`f

gidjdoi hduydvd` ei{d om`ymedehd`

hmwigdh`ydod`d`* fd`ff}d` gd` hmo}`fhi`d` om`f}ud`fi hm|}d{d` {muwd |m`}u}`d` |ucg}hwi~iwd{ yd`f giw}`b}hhd` gm`fd` emuh}ud`f`yd hmkm|dwd` |muncuod`{i* om`}u}``yd o}w} |ucg}h* aijd`f`yd cui{i`djiwd{* omì`fhdw`yd hm{djdad` hm{djdad` gd` hmu}{dhd`* hmkmjdhdd` hmkmjdhdd` yd`f {mui`f wmubdgi* hm`gcu`yd |muadwid` gd` hmwigdh`ydod`d` gdjdo omjdh{d`dhd` omjdh{d`dhd` |mhmubdd`. Gdwd gdui IJC om`yme}whd` ado|iu {mwid| wda}` {med`ydh g}d b}wd |mhmubd omì`ffdj g}ìd hdum`d hmkmjdhdd` hmubd yd`f gi{medehd` cjma ndhwcu hmjmjdad`. \m`mjiwid` wmu{me}w om`ydwdhd` gdui =144= {do|mj* ;5*1gid`wdud`yd dwd} {mhiwdu 41151 {do|mj om`gmuiwd hmjmjdad`. \m`mjiwid` om`fm`di hmkmjdhdd` wud`{|cuwd{i yd`f gijdh}hd` gi @mv Rmdjd`g d`wdud wda}` 5<<5 gd` 5<<7 om`}`b}hhd` edavd gdui 4;7 hmkmjdhdd` ndwdj* 44gid`wdud`yd gi{medehd` ndhwcu hmjmjdad` gd` gdui 46<; kigmud dhiedw hmkmjdhdd`* >- gi{medehd` cjma hmjmjdad` |dgd c|mudwcu !\d`fm{wi \}wui* 5<<1). Emugd{duhd` gdwd om`fm`di hmkmjdhdd` hmubd yd`f wmukdwdw gi Hco|d{ wda}` 5<<7* gi I`gc`m{id {mwid| adui udwd/udwd wmubdgi 747 hmkmjdhdd` hmubd* 56*1- gi{medehd` hmjmjdad` yd`f k}h}| wi`ffi. Jmeia h}ud`f 9*=- dwd} ;9 cud`f om`fdjdoi kdkdw. Gdwd hmkmjdhdd` gdui {}oemu yd`f gihmj}duhd` cjma Gmvd` Hm{mjdodwd` gd` Hm{madwd` Hmubd @d{ic`dj gi {mhwcu ji{wuih !\J@) 5

om`kdwdw wmubdgi 47=1 hd{}{ hmkmjdhdd` gd` {djda {dw} |m`ymede dgdjda ndhwcu h}ud`f`yd hc`{m`wud{i |mhmubd hdum`d hmjmjdad` !Gm|duwmom` Wm`dfd Hmubd gd` Wud`{oifud{i UI* Giubm` \moei`dd` \m`fdvd{d` Hmwm`dfdhmubdd`* 5<<7) !\d`fm{wi \}wui* 5<<1) E. W}b}d` \m`mjiwid`

4) ]`w}h om`fmwda}i edfdiod`d kdud om`fc|mud{ihd` djdw Umdkwic` Wiomu 5) ]`w}h om`fmwda}i i`wm`{iwd{ hmjmjdad` |mhmubd ;) ]`w}h om`m`w}hd` d|dhda i`wm`{iwd{ hmjmjdad` yd`f wmjda gi}h}u omjmvdwi @DE dwd} wigdh.

;

EDE II WI@BD]D@ \][WDHD D. Gmniì{i Hmjmjdad` Hmubd

Dgd ememud|d gmniì{i hmjmjdad` yd`f gd|dw gibdgihd` dk}d`. [mkdud }o}o* hmjmjdad` dgdjda {}dw} omhdì{om |muji`g}`fd` w}e}a dfdu w}e}a wmuai`gdu gdui hmu}{dhd` jmeia jd`b}w {mai`ffd wmubdgi |mo}jiad` {mwmjda i{wiudadw ![}od’o}u* 499>). Om`}u}w Wduvdhd wda}` 5<<7* i{wijda hmjmjdad` eid{d`yd om`}`b}hhd` hc`gi{i yd`f emuemgd/emgd gdui {mwid| i`gi~ig}* wmwd|i {mo}d`yd emuo}dud hm|dgd hmaijd`fd` mni{im`{i gd` |m`}u}`d` hd|d{iwd{ hmubd {muwd hmwdad`d` w}e}a . Hmjmjdad` gd|dw giduwihd` {medfdi {}dw} hc`gi{i om`}u}``yd mni{im`{i* |muncuod hmubd* gd` emuh}ud`f`yd hmh}dwd` dwd} hmwdad`d` ni{ih w}e}a }`w}h wmu}{ omjd`b}whd` hmfidwd` yd`f adu}{ gijdh}hd`. Dgd|}` hmjmjdad` {mkdud }o}o dgdjda hmdgd` wm`dfd hmubd yd`f giwd`gdi cjma dgd`yd |mud{dd` hmjmjdad` gd` |m`}u}`d` hm{ifd|d` hmubd* emu{indw hucì{ {muwd omu}|dhd` {}dw} nm`com`d |{ihc{c{idj. Hmjmjdad` hmubd om`ymedehd` |m`}u}`d` hi`mubd yd`f gd|dw emudhiedw |dgd |mì`fhdwd` hm{djdad` hmubd* hm wigdh adgiud`* hmj}du hmubd* hmkmjdhdd` hmubd gd` emu|m`fdu}a |muijdh} hmubd !D`cìo* 5<4<). Hmjmjdad` hmubd gdjdo {}dw} i`g}{wui emuhdiwd` |dgd fmbdjd/fmbdjd yd`f {dji`f emua}e}`fd` ydiw} |mud{d` jmjda gd` |mu}edad` ni{icjcfi{ gdjdo w}e}a !{ydudn gd` cwcw wigdh emun}`f{i gm`fd` edih dwd} wigdh {mkm|dw {m|muwi hmdgdd` `cuodj) yd`f gi{medehd` cjma hmdgd` hioidvi {mwmjda emhmubd gd` gd|dw om`}u}`hd` hd|d{iwd{ hmubd. Hmjmjdad` hmubd omu}|dhd` huiwmuid yd`f 7

hco|jmh yd`f wigdh ad`yd om`yd`fh}w hmjmjdad` ni{icjcfi{ gd` |{ihcjcfi{ wmwd|i gcoi`d` a}e}`fd``yd gm`fd` |m`}u}`d` hi`mubd ni{ih. Dgd`yd |mud{dd` jmjda* |m`}u}`d` ocwi~d{i gd` |m`}u}`d` |ucg}hwi~iwd{ hmubd Hmjmjdad` dgdjda umdh{i n}`f{icìj gdui |}{dw hm{dgdud` ydiw} kcuwmq kmumeui yd`f gi|m`fdu}ai cjma g}d {i{wmo d`wdfcì{wih ydiw} {y{wmo

|m`fadoedw dwd} iàiei{i gd` {y{wmo |m`ffmudh dwd} dhwi~d{i* giod`d hmg}d`yd emudgd |dgd {}{}`d` {ydudn |}{dw. [i{wmo |m`fadoedw wmugd|dw gdjdo wadjdo}{ yd`f odo|} om`}u}`hd` hmodo|}d` od`}{id emumdh{i gd` om`ymedehd` hmkm`gmu}`fd` }`w}h wig}u. Dgd|}` {i{wmo |m`ffmudh wmugd|dw gdjdo ncuodwic` umwih}jdui{ yd`f gd|dw omud`f{d`f |}{dw/|}{dw ~mfmwdwin }`w}h hc`~mu{i mufcwuc|i{ gdui gdjdo w}e}a hm duda emhmubd. E. Bmì{ Hmjmjdad` Hmubd

Emugd{duhd` |m`gd|dw |dud daji {medfdiod`d yd`f gih}wi| [ijded` !499>)

edavd hmjmjdad` giemgdhd` emugd{duhd` ; !wifd) edfid` ydiw}

!D`cìo* 5<44) 2 4. Emugd{duhd` |uc{m{ gdjdo cwcw yd`f wmugiui gdui 2 d. Hmjmjdad` cwcw* om`}u}w Vif`bcm{cmeucwc !5<<<) idjda gi{medehd` o}`k}j`yd fmbdjd hm{dhiwd` yd`f dodw {d`fdw hmwihd cwcw adu}{ omjdh}hd` emed`. e. Hmjmjdad` }o}o* idjda {}dw} |mud{dd` yd`f om`ymedu yd`f gi{muwdi gm`fd` dgd`yd |m`}u}`d` hm{idfdd` gd` hmjdoedwd` |dgd {mwid| dhwi~iwd{. Hmjmjdad` }o}o gd|dw om`bdgi fmbdjd |m`ydhiw b}fd emua}e}`fd` gm`fd` ndhwcu |{ihcjcfi{ !ocwi~d{i om`}u}`* h}ud`f wmuwduih) yd`f om`fdhiedwhd` om`}u}``yd hd|d{iwd{ hmubd. [mede / =

{mede hmjmjdad` }o}o dgdjda oc`cwcì* i`wm`{iwd{ gd` jdod`yd hmubd ni{ih gd` om`wdj* hmdgdd` ji`fh}`fd`* {mede/{mede om`wdj !wd`ff}`f bdvde* hmhadvdwiud` gd` hc`njih) {muwd |m`ydhiw/|m`ydhiw. 5. Emugd{duhd` vdhw} wmubdgi`yd hmjmjdad` 2 d. Hmjmjdad` dh}w* wmu}wdod gi{medehd` cjma hmubd {}dw} cufd` dwd} {mj}u}a w}e}a {mkdud emujmeiad` e. Hmjmjdad` hucì{* wmubdgi eijd hmjmjdad` emujd`f{}`f {mwid| adui* emuhm|d`bd`fd` gd` edahd` hdgd`f/hdgd`f wmjda wmubdgi {memj}o omo}jdi {}dw} |mhmubdd` ;. Emugd{duhd` |m`ymede`yd gih}wi| gdui !D`cìo* 5<44)2 d. Om`}u}w [i`fjmwc` !4965) gi{medehd` cjma ndhwcu ni{ih gd` |{ihcjcfi{ gi wmo|dw hmubd e. Om`}u}w OkNdujd`g !4965) gi{medehd` cjma ndhwcu ni{icjcfi{ ydiw} dh}o}jd{i gdui {}e{wd`{i wch{i` !d{do jdhwdw) gdjdo gduda gd` ndhwcu |{ihcjcfi{ ydiw} hc`njih yd`f om`ymedehd` {wum{ moc{ic`dj yd`f emuhm|d`bd`fd` k. Om`}u}w \acc` !4911) gi{medehd` cjma hmjmjdad` ni{ih ydiw} hmjmjdad` hdum`d hmubd ni{ih* hmubd |dwcjcfi{ giwd`gdi gm`fd` om`}u}``yd hmubd* ud{d jmjda gd` dgd a}e}`fd``yd gm`fd` ndhwcu |{ihc{c{idj.

>

K. Omhdì{om Hmjmjdad`

[do|di {ddw iì od{ia emujdh} g}d wmcui wm`wd`f hmjmjdad` ydiw} wmcui hioid gd` wmcui {ydudn |}{dw yd`f wmubdgi hmjmjdad`. \dgd wmcui hioid {mkdud }o}o om`bmjd{hd` edavd wmubdgi hmjmjdad` dgdjda dhiedw emuh}ud`f`yd kdgd`fd` m`mufi gd` omì`fhdw`yd omwdecji{om {medfdi |m`ymede aijd`f`yd mni{im`{i cwcw* {mgd`f |mu}edad` du}{ ji{wuih hm|dgd cwcw gd` {ydudn dgdjda |m`ymede {mh}`gmu. [mgd`fhd` |dgd wmcui {ydudn |}{dw om`bmjd{hd` edavd |mu}edad` hioid ad`yd omu}|dhd` |m`}`bd`f |uc{m{. \mu}edad` hioid yd`f wmubdgi om`fdhiedwhd` giad`wdu`yd ud`f{d`fd` {ydudn omjdj}i {ydudn {m`{cui{ hm cwdh yd`f gi{dgdui {medfdi hmjmjdad`* om`fadoedw |}{dw/|}{dw cwdh gdjdo om`fm`gdjihd` fmudhd` {mai`ffd numh}m`{i |cwm`{idj hmfidwd` |dgd {mj {ydudn om`bdgi emuh}ud`f. Emuh}ud`f`yd numh}m`{i wmu{me}w dhd` om`}u}`hd` hmh}dwd` gd` hmkm|dwd` hc`wudh{i cwcw gd` fmudhd` dwd{ |mui`wda hmod}d` om`bdgi jdoedw. Gm`fd` gmoihid` {modhi` jdoedw fmudhd` {m{mcud`f dhd` om`}`b}hhd` {modhi` jmoda hc`gi{i cwcw {m{mcud`f !D`cìo* 5<4<). Dgd {}dw} hc`{m| yd`f om`ydwdhd` edavd hmdgdd` gd` |mud{dd` hmjmjdad` iì wioe}j hdum`d dgd`yd umdh{i n}`f{icìj gdui |}{dw hm{dgdud` ydiw} kcuwmq kmumeui yd`f emhmubd dwd{ |m`fdu}a 5 {i{wmo d`wdfcì{wih ydiw} {i{wmo |m`fadoedw !iàiei{i) gd` {i{wmo |m`ffmudh !dhwi~d{i). [i{wmo |m`fadoedw iì wmugd|dw gdjdo wadjdo}{ gd` emu{indw om`}u}`hd` hmodo|}d` od`}{id }`w}h emumdh{i. D|deijd {i{wmo |m`ffmudh jmeia h}dw gdui {i{wmo |m`fadoedw odhd hmdgdd` cud`f wmu{me}w dgd gdjdo hmdgdd` {mfdu }`w}h emhmubd. [medjih`yd d|deijd {i{wmo |m`fadoedw jmeia h}dw gdui {i{wmo |m`ffmudh odhd cud`f wmu{me}w dhd` om`fdjdoi hmjmjdad`. Hmubd yd`f oc`cwc` ei{d omìoe}jhd` hmjmjdad` vdjd}|}` o}`fhi` emed` hmubd`yd 6

wigdh {memud|d. Adj iì gi{medehd` hdum`d {i{wmo |m`fadoedw jmeia h}dw gied`gi`fhd` {i{wmo |m`ffmudh !D`cìo* 5<4<). G. Ndhwcu \m`ymede Hmjmjdad` Hmubd

Wmubdgi`yd hmjmjdad` wigdh emfiw} {dbd* wmwd|i dgd ndhwcu yd`f om`ymedehd``yd. Ndhwcu yd`f om`ymedehd` hmjmjdad` wmu{me}w d`wdud jdi` !D`cìo* 5<4<)2 4. Ndhwcu gdui Gdjdo I`gi~ig} d. ]{id ]{id {m{mcud`f gd|dw omo|m`fdu}ai hmjmjdad` hmubd* {modhi` w}d }o}u {m{mcud`f {modhi` em{du wi`fhdw hmjmjdad` . N}`f{i nddj w}e}a yd`f gd|dw emu}eda hdum`d ndhwcu }{id omo|m`fdu}ai hmwdad`d` w}e}a gd` hd|d{iwd{ hmubd {m{mcud`f. ![}od’o}u* 499>) e. Bmì{ Hmjdoi` \dgd wm`dfd hmubd vdìwd dhd` wmubdgi {ihj}{ eicjcfi{ {mwid| e}jd` gi gdjdo omhdì{om w}e}a`yd {mai`ffd dhd` omo|m`fdu}ai hc`gi{i ni{ih od}|}` |{ihi{`yd gd` adj iì dhd` om`ymedehd` wi`fhdw hmjmjdad` vdìwd dhd` jmeia em{du gdui |dgd wi`fhdw hmjmjdad` |uid. k. [wdw}{ Hm{madwd` 4. \m`ydhiw Bd`w}`f [m{mcud`f yd`f om`fdjdoi `ymui bd`w}`f bihd hmh}ud`fd` gduda* hmed`ydhd` om`ymud`f eijih hiui bd`w}`f {mai`ffd |du}/ |du} dhd` om`fdjdoi em`g}`fd` gd` |m`gmuiwd dhd` om`fdjdoi {m{dh `d|d{ {mai`ffd dhd` om`fdjdoi hmjmjdad`.

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5. D{od \dgd |m`gmuiwd |m`ydhiw d{od wmubdgi fd`ff}d` {dj}ud` }gdud euc`h}{ hmkij euc`hicj}{. \uc{m{ wud`{|cuwd{i ch{ifm` gd` hduec`gich{igd

wmufd`ff}

{mai`ffd

wmubdgi

dh}o}jd{i

hduec`gich{igd gdjdo w}e}a yd`f om`ymedehd` hmjmjdad`. Wmufd`ff}`yd |uc{m{ wmu{me}w hdum`d

bdui`fd` cwcw |du}/|du}

wmuhm`d udgd`f. ;. Wmhd`d` Gduda Um`gda \dgd |m`gmuiwd wmhd`d` gduda um`gda hmubd bd`w}`f }`w}h omoco|d gduda hm edfid` w}e}a yd`f omoe}w}ahd` h}ud`f odh{iodj gd`

jdoedw {mai`ffd hme}w}ad` ch{ifm``yd wigdh

wmu|m`}ai* dhiedw`yd

|uc{m{ hmubd yd`f omoe}w}ahd` ch{ifm`

wmuadoedw. \dgd |m`gmuiwd |m`ydhiw |du}/|du} |muw}hdud` C5 gd` KC5 wmufd`ff} {mai`ffd

ed`ydh wmuwioe}` {i{d omwdecji{om

yd`f om`bdgi |m`ymede hmjmjdad`. 7. Wmhd`d` Gduda Wi`ffi \dgd wm`dfd hmubd yd`f om`fdjdoi wmhd`d` gduda wi`ffi dhd` om`ymedehd` hmubd bd`w}`f om`bdgi jmeia h}dw {mai`ffd bd`w}`f omoem{du. \dgd {ddw bd`w}`f wigdh odo|} om`gcuc`f gduda emumgdu

hm {mj}u}a w}e}a gd` {medfid` dhd` om`}o|}h

|dgd bdui`fd` {m|muwi w}`fhdi gd` |du}. [mjd`b}w`yd wmubdgi {m{dh `d|d{ eijd dgd

|mufmudhd`

{mgihiw hdum`d wigdh wmuk}h}|i

hme}w}ad` ch{ifm``yd dhiedw`yd |muw}hdud` gduda wmuadoedw. \dgd w}`fhdi

wmubdgi

|m`}o|}hd`

{i{d

omwdecji{o yd`f

om`ymedehd` hmjmjdad`. 9

5. Ndhwcu gdui J}du I`gi~ig} d. Emed` Hmubd gd` Od{d Hmubd Emed` hmubd dgdjda ~cj}om |mhmubdd` yd`f giemed`hd` hm|dgd wm`dfd hmubd edih emu}|d ni{ih od}|}` om`wdj gd` om`bdgi wd`ff}`f bdvde`yd. [mwid| |mhmubdd` omu}|dhd` emed` edfi |mjdh}`yd gd` od{i`f/od{i`f wm`dfd hmubd omo|}`ydi hmodo|}d` {m`giui }`w}h om`d`fdì emed` hmubd`yd {medfdi wdoedad` gdui emed` hmubd jd`f{}`f iì. \mhmubdd` eid{d`yd gijdh}hd` gdjdo {}dw} ji`fh}`fd` dwd} {iw}d{i yd`f dhd` om`bdgi emed` wdoedad` |dgd bd{odì gd` ucadì wm`dfd hmubd wmu{me}w. [m|muwi ndhwcu ji`fh}`fd` ni{ih* hioid* eicjcfi* mufc`coi gd` |{ihcjcfi. Emed` hmubd om`m`w}hd` emud|d jdod {m{mcud`f gd|dw emhmubd wd`|d om`fdhiedwhd` hmjmjdad` dwd} fd`ff}d`. \dgd |mhmubdd` yd`f wmujdj} emudw gd` emujmeiad` dhd` omo|mukm|dw |}jd hmjmjdad` hmubd {m{mcud`f. Od{d hmubd omu}|dhd` jdod vdhw} {m{mcud`f emhmubd |dgd {}dw} i`{wd`{i dwd} wmo|dw hmubd. \dgd od{d hmubd iì gd|dw emu|m`fdu}a |dgd hmjmjdad` hmubd ha}{}{`yd hmjmjdad` hucì{* {modhi` jdod {mcud`f wm`dfd hmubd emhmubd |dgd ji`fh}`fd` hmubd yd`f h}ud`f `ydod` gd` om`ym`d`fhd` odhd hmjmjdad` |dgd cud`f wmu{me}w dhd` om`}o|}h wmu}{ gdui vdhw} hm vdhw}. e. Ji`fh}`fd` Hmubd Ni{ih Ji`fh}`fd` hmubd ni{ih yd`f omo|m`fdu}ai hmjmjdad` d`wdud jdi` |m`mud`fd`* hmei{i`fd` ihjio hmubd* gd` mufc`coi.

4<

M. Dhiedw Hmjmjdad` Hmubd

Hc`{mh}m`{i hmjmjdad` hmubd om`}u}w Ud`gdjn [ka}jmu !4999) !D`cìo* 5<44) d`wdud jdi` 2 d. \mhmubd yd`f om`fdjdoi hmjmjdad` hmubd dhd` emu|um{wd{i jmeia e}u}h jdfi gdui|dgd |mhmubd yd`f od{ia ‚|m`}a {mod`fdw‟ e. Omoe}u}h`yd a}e}`fd` {i |mhmubd gm`fd` hmubd yd`f jdi` k. Gd|dw om`gcuc`f wmuki|wd`yd wi`fhda jdh} yd`f om`ymedehd` om`}u}``yd h}djiwd{ aig}| u}oda wd`ffd {m{mcud`f. Om`}u}w [}od’o}u !499>) dgd ;< fmbdjd hmjmjdad` yd`f wmuedfi gdjdo ; hdwmfcui ydiw} 2 d. Om`}`b}hhd` wmubdgi`yd |mjmodad` hmfidwd`. \mud{dd` emudw gi hm|djd* om`bdgi jmjda {mj}u}a edgd`* hdhi omud{d emudw* {mui`f om`f}d|* omud{d hdkd} |ihiud`* od`bdgi om`fd`w}h* odud{dhd` emed` |dgd odwd* hdh} gd` kd`ff}`f gdjdo fmudhd`* wigdh {mioed`f gdjdo emugiui* od} emuedui`f. e. Om`}`b}hhd` wmubdgi`yd |mjmodad` ocwi~d{i. Omud{d {}{da emu|ihiu* jmjda emueikdud* om`bdgi f}f}|* wigdh hc`{m`wud{i* wigdh gd|dw omo|}`ydi |muadwid` wmuadgd| {m{}dw}* km`gmu}`f }`w}h j}|d* h}ud`f hm|mukdydd`* kmod{ wmuadgd| {m{}dw}* wigdh gd|dw om`fc`wucj {ihd|* wigdh gd|dw wmh}` gdjdo |mhmubdd`.

44

k. Om`}`b}hhd` fdoedud` hmjmjdad` ni{ih dhiedw hmdgdd` }o}o [dhiw hm|djd* hmhdh}d` gi eda}* omud{d `ymui gi |}`ff}`f* wmud{d |mu`dnd{d` wmuwmhd`* ad}{* {}dud {mudh* wmud{d |mì`f* {|d{om gdui hmjc|dh odwd* wumocu |dgd d`ffcwd edgd`* omud{d h}ud`f {madw. Hmjmjdad` yd`f wmu}{ om`mu}{ wmubdgi {mwid| adui dhd` emudhiedw wmubdgi`yd hmjmjdad` yd`f hucì{. \mud{dd` jmjda wigdh {dbd wmubdgi {m{}gda emhmubd |dgd {cum adui* wmwd|i b}fd {mjdod emhmubd* edahd` hdgd`f/hdgd`f {memj}o`yd. \mud{dd` jm{} wdo|dh {medfdi {}dw} fmbdjd. Fmbdjd/fmbdjd |{ihi{ giwd`gdi gm`fd` |mue}dwd`/|mue}dwd` gm`fd`

d`wi

{c{idj

gd`

|mud{dd`

wigdh

kckch

{mhiwdu`yd* {mui`f gm|um{i* h}ud`f`yd wm`dfd {muwd

hmaijd`fd` iì{idwin. Wd`gd/wd`gd

|{ihi{ iì {mui`f gi{muwdi

hmjdi`d`/hmjdi`d` |{ihcjdwi{ {m|muwi {dhiw hm|djd* ~muwifc* fd`ff}d` |m`kmu`dd`* wigdh gd|dw wig}u gd` jdi`/jdi`. Hmjmjdad` hucì{ gmoihid` gi{me}w hmjmjdad` hjiì{. Adj iì om`ymedehd` wi`fhdw de{m`wi{om dhd` omì`fhdw wmu}wdod od`fhiu hmubd |dgd vdhw} bd`fhd |m`gmh gi{medehd` hme}w}ad` i{wiudadw jmeia ed`ydh dwd} omì`fhdw`yd d`fhd {dhiw. Hmjmjdad` hjiì{ wmu}wdod wmubdgi |dgd omumhd yd`f om`fdjdoi hc`njih/hc`njih om`wdj dwd} hm{}jiwd`/ hm{}jiwd` |{ihcjcfi{. [ihd| `mfdwin

wmuadgd| hmubd* |mud{dd`

wmuadgd| dwd{d` dwd} ji`fh}`fd` hmubd omo}`fhi`hd` ndhwcu |m`wi`f gdjdo {mede dwd}|}` dhiedw ![}od’o}u* 499>).

45

N.

Kdud Om`d`ff}jd`fi Hmjmjdad` Hmubd

]`w}h om`fai`gdui ud{d jmjda gi|muj}hd` dgd`yd hm{mioed`fd` d`wdud od{}hd` {}oemu gdwd`f`yd hmjmjdad` wmu{me}w !ndhwcu/ndhwcu |m`ymede hmjmjdad`) gm`fd` b}ojda hmj}dud` yd`f gi|mucjma jmvdw |uc{m{ |mo}jiad` !umkc~muy). \uc{m{ |mo}jiad` gd|dw gijdh}hd` gm`fd` kdud d`wdud jdi` omoemuihd` vdhw} i{wiudadw yd`f k}h}| edih yd`f wmubdgvdj dwd} wmu{wu}hw}u dwd} wigdh gd` {mioed`f gm`fd` wi`ffi um`gda`yd wi`fhdw hmwmfd`fd` hmubd. Gm`fd` omo|mu|m`gmh bdo hmubd aduid` dhd` om`fad{ijhd` hm`dihd` c}w|}w |mu bdo {medjih`yd gm`fd` omo|mu|d`bd`f bdo hmubd aduid` dhd` om`b}u}{ omo|mujdoedw hmkm|dwd` !wmo|c) hmubd yd`f dhaiu`yd emudhiedw |dgd |m`}u}`d` |um{wd{i hmubd |mu bdo`yd. Hmjmjdad` gd|dw gih}ud`fi gm`fd` emuedfdi kdud yd`f giw}b}hhd` hm|dgd hmdgdd` }o}o gd` ji`fh}`fd` ni{ih gi wmo|dw hmubd. Oi{dj`yd* ed`ydh adj gd|dw gikd|di gm`fd` bdo hmubd* |moemuid` hm{mo|dwd` i{wiudadw yd`f wm|dw* hdodu/hdodu i{wiudadw* od{d/od{d jie}u gd` umhumd{i* gd` jdi`/ jdi`. Hmjmjdad` gidw}u {mkdud {m`wudj cjma cwdh. \dgd {}{}`d` {dudn |}{dw* wmugd|dw {i{wmo dhwi~d{i gd` iàiei{i. Hmg}d {i{wmo iì {dji`f om`fioed`fi wmwd|i hdgd`f/hdgd`f {djda {dw} gdui |dgd`yd jmeia gcoi`d` gm`fd`

{m{}di

hm|muj}d`. [i{wmo dhwi~d{i emu{indw {io|dwi{* {mgd`fhd` iàiei{i

dgdjda |dud{io|dwi{. Dfdu

wm`dfd hmubd emudgd gdjdo hm{mud{id` gd`

hm{mioed`fd`* hmg}d {i{wmo wmu{me}w adu}{ emudgd |dgd hc`gi{i yd`f omoemuihd` {wdeijiwd{i hm|dgd w}e}a ![}od’o}u* 499>).

4;

F. @ijdi Doed`f Edwd{ !@DE) Hmjmjdad` Hmubd

Dgd|}` ìjdi doed`f edwd{ hmjmjdad` hmubd om`}u}w Edjdi Ai|muhm{ Wda}` 5<<7* ydiw} 2 Wdemj 4 @ijdi Doed`f Edwd{ Hmjmjdad` Hmubd Om`}u}w Edjdi Ai|muhm{ Wda}` 5<<7 @c

[wdw}{

Vdhw} Umdh{i !o{)

4.

@cuodj

4=<*< / 57<*<

5.

Hmjmjdad` Hmubd Ui`fd`

057<*< / 74<*<

;.

Hmjmjdad` Hmubd [mgd`f

074<*< ‛ =1<*<

7.

Hmjmjdad` Hmubd Emudw

0=1<*<

[}oemu2Edjdi Ai|muhm{* 5<<7

47

EDE III OMWCGCJCFI \M@MJIWID@ D. Jchd{i gd` Vdhw} \m`fdoeijd` [do|mj

d. Jchd{i |m`fdoeijd` {do|mj2 Jdecudwcui}o D^D !D}gic î{}dj Dig{)* Jd`wdi ;* Fmg}`f Ndh}jwd{ Hm{madwd` Od{ydudhdw* ]ì~mu{iwd{ Ad{d`}ggi`* Wdodjdùmd. e. Vdhw} |m`fdoeijd` {do|mj 2 Adui B}odw* 56 D|uij 5<45* \}h}j 47.;< VIWD E. Djdw

Djdw yd`f gif}`dhd` gdjdo |mukcedd` iì dgdjda Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu J/66 Omumh Jdhd{igdyd. Umdkwic` Wiomu omu}|dhd` |mud`fhdw yd`f

gif}`dhd` }`w}h om`f}h}u wi`fhdw hmjmjdad` hmubd.

Fdoedu 4. Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu J/66 Omumh Jdhd{igdyd

4=

Djdw iì wmugiui gdui ; edfid`* ydiw}2 4. Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu * edfid` iì {medfdi |}{dw umdh{i |mui`wda djdw gd` emun}`f{i om`fiuiohd` ud`f{d`f edih emu}|d kdadyd dwd}|}` {}dud. 5. Wm{wmu * emun}`f{i om`ydo|dihd` ud`f{d`f gdui Um{|c` Wiomu Km`wmu hm um{|c`gm` ;. Oc}{m Um{|c`* djdw iì gif}`dhd` um{|c`gm` }`w}h om`ydo|dihd` um{|c` gdui ud`f{d`f yd`f giwmuiod. K. \ui`{i| Hmubd

\ui`{i| hmubd gdui Umdkwic` Wiomu ydiw} ud`f{dof giwoe}jhd` gdui Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu yd`f om`fiuiohd` ud`f{d`f emu}|d kdadyd dwd} {}dud hmo}gid` gi{do|dihd` omjdj}i Wm{wmu yd`f hmo}gid` giwd`ffd|i cjma um{|c`gm` gd` om`ydo|dihd` ud`f{d`f omjdj}i Oc}{m Um{|c`. G. \uc{mg}u Hmubd

4) Umdkwic` Wiomu gia}e}`fhd` gm`fd` du}{ ji{wuih. 5) Umdkwic` Wiomu gidhwinhd` gm`fd` om`mhd` wcoecj |cvmu !wcoecj C@). ;) Um{|c`gm` gi|c{i{ihd` gm`fd` Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu dfdh emubd}ad`* ei{d b}fd |c{i{i um{|c`gm` omoemjdhd`fi Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu. 7) Oc}{m Um{|c` gidudahd` gm`fd` Wm{wmu om`fadgd| hm um{|c`gm`* hmg}d djdw gi}{dadhd` {mbdbdu. =) Wcoecj Kdadyd dwd} Wcoecj [}dud |dgd Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu giwmhd` !gi|ijia) {m{}di gm`fd` d|d yd`f dhd` gi}h}u. >) Wcoecj o}jdi |dgd Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu giwmhd` cjma c|mudwcu }`w}h omoemuihd` ud`f{d`f. 6) Oc}{m Um{|c` giwmhd` gm`fd` km|dw cjma um{|c`gm` {mwmjda omjiadw kdadyd dwd} om`gm`fdu {}dud gdui Wm{wmu. 4>

1) D`fhd#ìjdi um{|c` gdui ud`f{d`f yd`f wmujiadw |dgd Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu gikdwdw.

9) [mwmjda gikdwdw* djdw gihdjieud{i gm`fd` kdud Wcoecj @cj |dgd Umdkwic` Wiomu Km`wmu giwmhd`* hmo}gid` wcoecj o}jdi giwmhd` hmoedji.

4<) \m`f}h}ud` gijdh}hd` {med`ydh 5< hdji* od{i`f/od{i`f |dgd um{|c` kdadyd od}|}` um{|c` {}dud. 44) [mwmjda |m`f}h}ud` gijdh{d`dhd` {med`ydh 5< hdji* @ijdi |m`f}h}u` hm/> {do|di hm/4= gidoeij }`w}h gijdh}hd` |muaiw}`fd`. Adj iì gi{medehd`* ìjdi hm/4 {do|di hm/= um{|c`gm` emj}o hc`{m`wud{i dwd} od{ia dgd|wd{i* {mgd`fhd` ìjdi hm/4> {do|di hm/5< hmo}`fhi`d` um{|c`gm` {}gda o}jdi hmjmjdad`. 45) \m`f}h}ud` gijdh}hd` gm`fd` {d`fdw adwi/adwi* hdum`d djdw yd`f {d`fdw {m`{iwin gd` um`wd` wmubdgi muucu* |m`f}h}ud` adu}{ gio}jdi jdfi gdui dvdj d|deijd wmubdgi muucu gdjdo wdad| |m`f}h}ud`.

46

EDE I^ AD[IJ GD@ \MOEDAD[D@ D. AD[IJ \M@FDODWD@

Gdui ad{ij |m`f}h}ud`* gi|mucjma gdwd {medfdi emuih}w 2 Wdemj 5 Ad{ij \m`f}h}ud` Hmjmjdad` \dgd Um{|c`gm` gm`fd` Om`ff}`dhd` Umdkwic` Wiomu Gi Jdecudwcui}o D^D NHO ]àd{ Wda}` 5<45 @c. \m`f}h}ud` \m`f}h}ud` Kdadyd \m`f}h}ud` [}dud 4

567*=

;=<*<

5

5<7*7

56=*;

;

46=*<

;45*7

7

5=<*;

545*6

=

5>5*9

467*9

>

;11*;

5<<*<

6

745*=

46=*=

1

5=<*;

4=<*;

9

;=<*7

;45*1

4<

;45*1

545*1

44

;5=*;

5=<*;

45

46=*5

5<<*=

4;

5<<*5

4=<*=

47

579*1

545*1

4=

5=<*4

545*6

4>

56=*;

55=*5

46

4>5*1

5<<*7

41

55=*5

4;6*6

49

516*9

45=*4

5<

411*4

45=*5

[}oemu 2 Gdwd \uiomu* 5<45

41

E. \MOEDAD[D@

d. \muaiw}`fd` Gdyd Wd`fhd| Kdadyd2 U}o}{ \muaiw}`fd`2

Umdh{i Kdadyd ?

b}ojda ad{ij |mukcedd` hm/> {do|di hm/4= 4<

Gm`fd` om`ff}`dhd` u}o}{ gidwd{* odhd2 

ô?





 

  

Gdui

ad{ij

|mf}h}ud`d`

hmjmjdad`

yd`f

wmjda

gijdh}hd`*

om`}`b}hhd` edavd i`wm`{iwd{ hmjmjdad` wmuwi`ffi emudgd |dgd |m`f}h}ud` hm/6 ydiw} 745*= o#{* gd` gi|mucjma ìjdi udwd/udwd gdui |m`f}h}ud` hm/> {do|di hm/4= {mem{du 594*65 o#{. Emugd{duhd` |m`f}h}ud` iì* gi`ydwdhd` edavd d`fhd hmjmjdad` um{|c`gm` emudgd gidwd{ @ijdi Doed`f Edwd{ !@DE) `cuodj yd`f giwmwd|hd` Edjdi Ai|muhm{ yd`f om`ydwdhd` edavd @DE hmjmjdad` }`w}h ud`f{d`fd` kdadyd omjdj}i |m`f}h}ud` Umdkwic` Wiomu ydiw} d`wdud 4=
49

e. \muaiw}`fd` Gdyd Wd`fhd| [}dud2 U}o}{ \muaiw}`fd`2

Umdh{i [}dud ?

b}ojda ad{ij |mukcedd` hm/> {do|di hm/4= 4<

Gm`fd` om`ff}`dhd` u}o}{ gidwd{* odhd2

ô



 

 

  

Gdui

ad{ij

|mf}h}ud`d`

hmjmjdad`

yd`f

wmjda

gijdh}hd`*

om`}`b}hhd` edavd i`wm`{iwd{ hmjmjdad` wmuwi`ffi emudgd |dgd |m`f}h}ud` hm/4 ydiw} ;=<*< o#{* gd` gi|mucjma ìjdi udwd/udwd gdui |m`f}h}ud` hm/> {do|di hm/4= {mem{du 5<6*1 o#{. Emugd{duhd` |m`f}h}ud` iì* gi`ydwdhd` edavd d`fhd hmjmjdad` um{|c`gm` emudgd gi edwd{ `cuodj yd`f giwmwd|hd` Edjdi Ai|muhm{ wda}` 5<<7 yd`f om`ydwdhd` edavd @DE hmjmjdad` }`w}h ud`f{d`fd` kdadyd omjdj}i |m`f}h}ud` Umdkwic` Wiomu ydiw} d`wdud 4=
5<

EDE I^ HM[IO\]JD@ GD@ [DUD@ D. Hm{io|}jd`

Dgd|}` hm{io|}jd` yd`f gd|dw giwduih gdui |m`f}h}ud` iì dgdjda {medfdi emuih}w 2 4. \m`mjiwi {}gda odo|} om`ff}`dhd` djdw Umdkwic` Wiomu. 5. Dgd|}` i`wm`{iwd{ hmjmjdad` um{|c`gm` emu}|d ud`f{d`f kdadyd od}|}` {}dud* gi|mucjma ad{ij {medfdi emuih}w2 d. Kdadyd ? 594*65 o#{ e. [}dud ? 5<6*1 o#{ ;. Emugd{duhd` ad{ij |m`f}h}ud` gm`fd` um{|c` kdadyd odhd um{|c`gm` I gi`ydwdhd` om`fdjdoi hmjmjdad` ui`fd`* {mgd`fhd` ad{ij |m`f}h}ud` gm`fd` um{|c` {}dud odhd um{|c`gm` II od{ia gdjdo hmdgdd` `cuodj* gd` wigdh omoijihi mnmh emuedadyd edfi um{|c`gm`. E. [dud`

Gi|muj}hd` hmwmjiwid` gdjdo om`ff}`dhd` djdw iì* hdum`d djdw iì {d`fdw {m`{iwin* {mai`ffd um`wd` wmubdgi muucu gdjdo |m`f}h}ud`. Edfi um{|c`gm` yd`f wmugmwmh{i hmjmjdad` ui`fd` ai`ffd emudw* gi{dud`hd` }`w}h emui{wiudadw }`w}h |mo}jiad` hc`gi{i ni{ih gd` |{ihcjcfi.

54

BAB I Kelelahan di tempat Kerja (Reaction Timer)

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