UNIVERSIDAD DE CARABOBO FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA SIMULACIÓN DE PROCESOS QUÍMICOS
ASIGNACIÓN 1
Prof.: Katiuska Franceschi
Realizado por: ANAYA, Jesús NOGUERA, Arley Sección 65 Valencia, 05 de diciembre de 2013
PARTE 1. SIMULACIÓN CON EL PROGRAMA SIMEST En la Figura 1 se muestra un diagrama de proceso de una planta química, donde se encuentran presentes tres componentes RCA-201, DPU-012 y DPU-200 Figura 1.
Fig. 1. Diagrama del proceso. Al equipo 1 es alimentado 1000gmol/h de RCA-201con una temperatura de 100°C, una presión de 3atm y una entalpía de 3,05E05 cal/gmol, en el tanque se encuentra almacenado el DPU-012, y en la tubería 5 circula 1500 gmol/h a 25°C a presión ambiente y una entalpía de 2,46E05 cal/gmol. En el equipo 6 es alimentado 1000gmol/h de una corriente de un sub producto de la empresa que contiene 55% de DPU-012 y 45% de DPU200 a una temperatura de 150°C, una presión de 3,5atm y una entalpía de 1,06E06 cal/gmol. En el equipo 1 es necesario garantizar que se opere a 3atm, por lo cual fue instalada una bomba, la cual logra garantizar esta presión. De igual manera es necesario que ambas alimentaciones del equipo 3 se encuentren a
150°C, por lo cual fueron instalados intercambiador es de calor. De respuesta a las siguientes interrogantes formuladas:
1. El equipo de ingenieros quiere validar la operatividad de los intercambiadores de calor. Determine cómo es el comportamiento de las temperaturas de las entradas del equipo 3 si los intercambiadores no se encuentran operativos, considere que los equipos 1, 3, 6 y 4 se pueden simular con el mezclador tipo 1. ¿Se necesitarían de calentadores o enfriadores? Empleando el simulador SIMEST, se determinó el comportamiento del sistema original y se observó que las temperaturas de las corrientes de entrada al equipo 3, fue de 150°C, como se esperaba. Se asumieron mezcladores tipo 1 y convergencia natural. Se realizó la modificación respectiva para determinar qué tanto variaba la respuesta del sistema sin la presencia de los intercambiadores de calor. Se obtuvo que las temperaturas de las corrientes de entrada al equipo 3 cuando no se tienen los intercambiadores de calor son inferiores a la temperatura requerida por el sistema, por lo que se necesitarían calentadores para llevar la temperatura hasta 150°C. Los resultados se encuentran en la Tabla 1. Para el sistema sin intercambiadores se renombraron algunas corrientes, por lo que el sistema obtenido sin estos equipos es el representado en la Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Sistema modificado (sin intercambiadores de calor).
Tabla 1. Temperaturas a la entrada del equipo 3 con y sin intercambiadores de calor. Corriente
Con Intercambiadores
Sin intercambiadores
Proveniente del equipo 1
73,052 °C
150,000 °C
Proveniente del equipo 4
73,809 °C
150,000 °C
En la Tabla 2, se muestran las estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt que se utilizaron para la simulación en SIMEST.
Tabla 2. Estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt correspondientes a cada caso en particular. Con Intercambiadores
Sin intercambiadores
ASIGNACION 1
ASIGNACION 1
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
0
0
9,3
7,3
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
7,8,1,4,3,6,9
15
13
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
1,7,3,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
3,7,2,1,3
1,3,2
3
3
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1000.,0.,0.
1000.,0.,0.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
0.,1500.,0.
0.,1500.,0.
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
11.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
0.,550.,450.
0.,550.,450.
9
7
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
3.
3.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
2.,2.,9.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
150.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
150.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,10.,11.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,12.,13.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
0.60,0.40,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
6.,100.,13.,0.00001,1.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0. 25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4 9.,8.,28.,0.,1. 0.,0.,0.,0.,0. 0.,0.,0.,0.,0. 8.,100.,13.,0.00001,1. 1.,0.,0.,0.,0. 0.,0.,0.
2. Diferencia obtenida al simular los equipos 1, 3, 6 y 4 como mezclador tipo 1 y como mezclador tipo 2. Al intercambiar los mezcladores tipo 1 por tipo 2, se obtuvieron discrepancias notorias en los resultados de las simulaciones en las corrientes de salida de cada mezclador, tanto en entalpía, temperatura y presión, como puede evidenciarse en la Tabla 3, lo que indica que el modelo matemático que representa el comportamiento dinámico de la cada tipo de mezclador toma diferentes consideraciones para los balances de energía. Los flujos molares se mantienen idénticos, así como las fracciones de separación. Se consideraron los intercambiadores de calor y convergencia natural para ambas simulaciones.
Tabla 3. Comparación entre los parámetros de cada corriente correspondientes a cada unidad. Mezclador Unidad 1
3
4
6
Variable
Tipo 1
Tipo 2
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.29960E+06
0.13160E+07
Temperatura (°C)
0.73052E+02
0.72876E+02
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.51316E+06
0.46141E+07
Temperatura (°C)
0.15000E+03
0.15000E+03
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.98329E+06
0.44562E+07
Temperatura (°C)
0.10185E+03
0.10117E+03
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.73189E+06
0.40101E+07
Temperatura (°C)
0.15000E+03
0.15000E+03
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Con el mezclador tipo 2, se observan presiones por debajo de la presión ambiente (1 atm), lo cual podría interpretarse como que dichos mezcladores son presurizados. En la Tabla 4, se muestran las estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt que se utilizaron para la simulación en SIMEST.
Tabla 4. Estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt correspondientes a cada caso en particular. Mezcladores Tipo 1
Mezcladores Tipo 2
ASIGNACION 1
ASIGNACION 1
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
0
0
9,3
9,3
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
15
15
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
3,7,2,1,3
3,7,2,1,3
3
3
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1000.,0.,0.
1000.,0.,0.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
0.,1500.,0.
0.,1500.,0.
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
0.,550.,450.
0.,550.,450.
9
9
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
3.
3.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,3.,33.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
4.,3.,33.,0.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,3.,33.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
6.,3.,33.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
8.,100.,13.,0.00001,1.
8.,100.,13.,0.00001,1.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
3. Identifique las corrientes involucradas en el reciclo y determine la diferencia al controlar cada una de ellas, adicionalmente se desea conocer cuál es el efecto de vigilar una corriente ajena al reciclo. Las corrientes que forman parte del reciclo son la 9, 10, 12 y 13. Al hacer que el controlador vigilara diferentes corrientes del sistema, se pudo observar que el número de iteraciones variaba considerablemente entre las corrientes del reciclo y una ajena a este. Entre las del reciclo, el número de iteraciones fue el mismo para las corrientes 9, 10 y 12, (10 iteraciones) y 9 iteraciones para la corriente 13, mientras que al vigilar la corriente 6, se obtuvo la convergencia del controlador en la segunda iteración. De igual manera, para las corrientes involucradas en el reciclo, se obtuvieron idénticos resultados independientemente de la corriente que vigilara el controlador, caso contrario que si se vigilaba una corriente ajena (corriente 6), donde los valores resultaron ligeramente diferentes con respecto a los anteriores. En la corriente ajena al proceso, los valores no variaron con respecto a los iniciales, por lo que la fracción de error fue de 0.00000E+00. En cambio, para las corrientes pertenecientes al reciclo, se obtuvieron valores muy bajos, lo cual indicaba una gran exactitud y precisión en los resultados.
Tabla 5. Variación de los parámetros de las corrientes vigiladas por el controlador en cada caso. Corriente
6
9
Variable
Valor
Fracción
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.12300E+06
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar total (gmol/h)
0.75000E+03
0.00000E+00
Temperatura (°C)
0.25000E+02
0.00000E+00
Presión (atm)
0.10000E+01
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar A (gmol/h)
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar B (gmol/h)
0.75000E+03
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar C (gmol/h)
0.00000E+00
0.00000E+00
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.98329E+06
0.62291E-05
Flujo molar total (gmol/h)
0.25908E+04
0.42405E-05
Temperatura (°C)
0.10185E+03
0.20974E-05
9
10
12
13
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar A (gmol/h)
0.61579E+03
0.43611E-05
Flujo molar B (gmol/h)
0.17382E+04
0.36519E-05
Flujo molar C (gmol/h)
0.23684E+03
0.83110E-05
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.98329E+06
0.62291E-05
Flujo molar total (gmol/h)
0.25908E+04
0.42405E-05
Temperatura (°C)
0.15000E+03
0.00000E+00
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar A (gmol/h)
0.61579E+03
0.43611E-05
Flujo molar B (gmol/h)
0.17382E+04
0.36519E-05
Flujo molar C (gmol/h)
0.23684E+03
0.83110E-05
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.76974E+06
0.47094E-05
Flujo molar total (gmol/h)
0.22895E+04
0.28792E-05
Temperatura (°C)
0.15000E+03
0.10173E-06
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar A (gmol/h)
0.78947E+03
0.20874E-05
Flujo molar B (gmol/h)
0.13579E+04
0.27868E-05
Flujo molar C (gmol/h)
0.14210E+03
0.82680E-05
Entalpía (cal/gmol)
0.73189E+06
0.83687E-05
Flujo molar total (gmol/h)
0.13158E+04
0.82569E-05
Temperatura (°C)
0.15000E+03
0.10173E-06
Presión (atm)
0.30000E+01
0.00000E+00
Flujo molar A (gmol/h)
0.31579E+03
0.84076E-05
Flujo molar B (gmol/h)
0.76316E+03
0.83176E-05
Flujo molar C (gmol/h)
0.23684E+03
0.83110E-05
En la Tabla 6 se encuentran los archivos DATOS.txt con las modificaciones respectivas de cada caso.
Tabla 6. Estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt correspondientes a cada caso en particular. Corriente 6
Corriente 9
ASIGNACION 1
ASIGNACION 1
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
0
0
9,3
9,3
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
15
15
1,7,7,7,1,2,7,7,7,7
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,2,7
3,7,7,1,3
3,7,7,1,3
3
3
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1000.,0.,0.
1000.,0.,0.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
0.,1500.,0.
0.,1500.,0.
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
0.,550.,450.
0.,550.,450.
9
9
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
3.
3.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
8.,100.,6.,0.00001,1.
8.,100.,9.,0.00001,1.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
Tabla 6. Estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt correspondientes a cada caso en particular (Continuación). Corriente 10
Corriente 12
ASIGNACION 1
ASIGNACION 1
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
0
0
9,3
9,3
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
15
15
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,2
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
3,7,7,1,3
3,2,7,1,3
3
3
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1000.,0.,0.
1000.,0.,0.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
0.,1500.,0.
0.,1500.,0.
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
0.,550.,450.
0.,550.,450.
9
9
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
3.
3.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
8.,100.,10.,0.00001,1.
8.,100.,12.,0.00001,1.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
4. Utilice la secuencia de cálculo adecuada que permita observar la influencia de suponer el valor inicial de la corriente 13.
Al modificar la estructura original, añadiendo como conocida la corriente 13, y ejecutar SIMEST.exe, pudo observarse que esta corriente tomó sus valores correspondientes a la respuesta del sistema en caso anteriores, lo cual indica que establecerla como conocida, no influye en los resultados obtenidos al final ya que esta forma parte de un reciclo, por lo que naturalmente toma su valor correspondiente acorde a la dinámica del sistema. La estructura del archivo DATOS.txt, se encuentra en la Tabla 7.
Tabla 7. Estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt correspondientes a cada caso en particular. Corriente 13 desconocida
Corriente 13 conocida
ASIGNACION 1
ASIGNACION 1
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
0
0
9,3
9,3
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,9
15
15
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
3,7,2,1,3
3,7,2,1,3
3
4
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1000.,0.,0.
1000.,0.,0.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
0.,1500.,0.
0.,1500.,0.
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
13.,2,14E6,3846.,98.,3.
0.,550.,450.
923.,2231.,692.
9
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
0.,550.,450.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
9
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
3.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
3.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
3.,4.,6.,13.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
150.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
150.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
150.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
150.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
8.,100.,13.,0.00001,1.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
8.,100.,13.,0.00001,1. 1.,0.,0.,0.,0. 0.,0.,0.
5. ¿Cuál es la influencia al variar la fracción de separación en la corriente 13 sobre el proceso iterativo? Al variar la fracción de separación, pudo observarse que a medida que se aumentaba esta, proporcionalmente aumentaba el número de iteraciones. Esto se debe a que a medida que la corriente 13 forma parte de un reciclo, y al aumentar su magnitud influye de manera significativa en la respuesta del sistema. La variación del número de iteraciones en función de la fracción de separación se encuentra en la Tabla 8.
Tabla 8. La variación del número de iteraciones en función de la fracción de separación en la corriente 13. Fracción de separación
Número de iteraciones
0,1
6
0,2
7
0,3
8
0,4
8
0,5
11
0,6
12
0,7
14
0,8
16
0,9
19
6. ¿Cuál es la variable de la corriente a vigilar que el controlador utiliza para realizar los cálculos de criterio máximo fraccional?, ¿ésta se mantiene para todas las iteraciones? El controlador toma en cuenta todas las variables correspondientes de la corriente que vigila, evaluando para cada una tolerancia de desviación con respecto al criterio fraccional establecido por el usuario. La convergencia se alcanza cuando todas las variables han alcanzado una fracción de error por debajo de la establecida por el usuario.
7. Utilice la convergencia acelerada, determine la influencia de Beta al utilizar el promotor de convergencia 1 y compare los resultados al utilizar el promotor de convergencia 2. Al utilizar el promotor de convergencia CONV1, con un valor de igual a 2, se obtuvieron un número mayor de iteraciones (14 iteraciones) que sin hacer uso de este (I9 iteraciones), lo cual demuestra que para este caso no es conveniente este tipo de promotor. Por el contrario, al usar el promotor CONV2, se logró alcanzar la convergencia del sistema con un número de iteraciones menor al original (5 iteraciones), por lo que resulta muy conveniente y efectiva su utilización para la simulación de este proceso. En la Tabla 9 se ubica la estructura del archivo DATOS.txt para cada promotor de convergencia.
Tabla 9. Estructuras de los archivos DATOS.txt correspondientes a cada caso en particular. CONV1
CONV2
ASIGNACION 1
ASIGNACION 1
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0
0
0
10,3
10,3
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,10,9
7,8,1,4,2,5,3,6,10,9
16
16
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
1,7,7,7,1,7,7,7,7,7
3,7,2,1,3,7
3,7,2,1,3,7
3
3
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1.,3.05E5,1000.,100.,3.
1000.,0.,0.
1000.,0.,0.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
5.,2.46E5,1500.,25.,1.
0.,1500.,0.
0.,1500.,0.
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
14.,1.06E6,1000.,150.,3.5
0.,550.,450.
0.,550.,450.
10
10
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
7.,1.,19.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
1.,5.,0.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
2.,6.,7.,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
0.5,0.5,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
8.,5.,16.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,7.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
1.,8.,0.,0.,0.
3.
3.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
1.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,1.,8.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
2.,2.,4.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
0.70,0.30,0.,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
4.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,4.,6.,16.,0.
3.,4.,6.,16.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
1.,0.,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
2.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,2.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
1.,3.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
5.,4.,16.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,9.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
1.,10.,0.,0.,0.
150.
150.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
3.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,3.,10.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
2.,11.,12.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
6.,2.,33.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,12.,14.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
2.,13.,15.,0.,0.
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
0.40,0.60,0.,0.,0
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
31.15,-1.34E-2,0.1197E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
19.25,-0.0003E-2,0.1746E-4,0.,0.
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
25.5,0.818E-2,0.031E-4
10.,6.,34.,0.,0.
10.,7.,34.,0.,0.
1.,13.,0.,0.,0.
1.,13.,0.,0.,0.
1.,16.,0.,0.,0.
1.,16.,0.,0.,0.
2.,0.,0.,0.,0.
3.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,2.,2.,2.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
2.,2.,2.,2.
0.,0.,0.,0.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
9.,8.,28.,0.,1.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.,0.,0.
9.,100.,13.,0.00001,1.
9.,100.,13.,0.00001,1.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
1.,0.,0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
0.,0.,0.
8. ¿Es posible lograr la simulación correcta y completa del sistema al indicar que el controlador solo controla a 4 unidades?, de ser afirmativo indique cuales son los cambios que se debieron efectuar para lograrlo. Al indicar que el controlador, valga la redundancia, controle únicamente 4 unidades, no se obtiene una simulación efectiva y completa, sólo se realizan 3 iteraciones, y los resultados finales de los parámetros de la corriente que vigila, no varían de los iniciales. Por lo que no se recomienda este tipo de modificación, debido a que se obtienen resultados incorrectos e incompletos.
