Ldnojlago}h mg Aì|wnols Yh}l}nrls 92(7(9;<;
vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Swaìynh <
NO]YHMWÆÃH
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AÎ]HMHS MG LDNOJLAGO]H
93
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YÎFWL G CLDNIYLMHY MG BHDFL
93
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9 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
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AÎ]HMH BLCG G [GYNBGYNL
96
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3 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
< No}yhmwæãh H ldnojlago}h mg gnzhs ga aì|wnols lch{dlmls î wa mhs ls{gc}hs alns na{hy}lo}gs ol nos}ldlæãh mg aì|wnols/ Lh cho}yìynh mh |wg ldfwals {gsshls {gosla$ hs lch{dlago}hs bdgzárgns oãh cha{gosla mgsldnojlago}hs sgrgyhs/ H mgsldnojlago}h {hmg sgy mgbnonmh chah sgomh l oãh chnocnmåocnl go}yg h gnzh mg snag}ynl mg mhns gnzhs chdnoglygs/ Gzns}ga$ oh go}lo}h$ mg}gyanolmhs clshs ga |wg î ogcgssìynh gzns}ny wa {g|wgoh mgsldnojlago}h {lyl dwiynbnclæãh mg mgo}gs owa lch{dlago}h mg gofygolfga/ Oh go}lo}h$ î na{hy}lo}g }gy hs gnzhs mg aì|wnols lch{dlmls l bwocnholy awn}h {gy}h mls chomnæ÷gs mg sgyrnæh ml }ga{gyl}wyl g clyfl/
9 Ldnojlago}h agcéonch Ldnojlago}h agcéonch î wa ygcwysh w}ndnulmh {gdl agcéoncl$ ga choewo}h mg g|wn{lago}hs yh}l}nrhs$ cha l bnoldnmlmg mg mgnzly ls blcgs mh lch{dlago}h sga{yg cha l agsal mns}éocnl$ ga |wld|wgy {ho}h$ g oh agsah {dloh/ H hieg}nrh mh ldnojlago}h î flylo}ny h iha bwocnholago}h mhs g|wn{lago}hs yh}l}nrhs }gomh$ chah clylc}gyás}ncl {ynocn{ld gdnanoly rniylæ÷gs$ l|wgcnago}h g mly alnhy mwylindnmlmg lhs cha{hogo}gs/
= vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl < ! Mgsldnojlago}h go}yg wa ah}hy g wal ihail
L Bnfwyl < ahs}yl wal sn}wlæãh }á{ncl mg mgsldnojlago}h ga wa ah}hy g wal ihail/ [lyl wa lch{dlago}h bdgzárgd lcgn}ly laihs$ mgsldnojlago}hs {lyldgdh g lofwdly$ mgrg jlrgy {gdh agohs mhns {ho}hs homg h lch{dlago}h {hssl }gy —bdgznindnmlmg‑ hw lchahmly l chomnæãh mg mgsldnojlago}h/ [gdl {yhegæãh mh gnzh mg yh}læãh mh ah}hy ga mnygæãh lh gnzh ml ihail g rncg!rgysl$ jì wa mgsrnh agoswyìrgd go}yg hs gnzhs mg yh}læãh {yheg}lmhs mg clml gnzh g l dnojl mg cgo}yh l}wld mg clml gnzh homg l {h}åocnl gs}ì sgomh }ylosan}nml l}ylrîs mh lch{dlago}h mg wa {ho}h bdgzárgd l hw}yh/ Mgsmg |wg oós agmnahs h mgsldnojlago}h ga mhns {dlohs mnbgygo}gs *rgy}ncld g jhynuho}ld. mgrgyãh gzns}ny |wl}yh mgsrnhs |wg hchyyga ga clml lch{dlago}h/ Oh gzga{dh ahs}ylmh$ oh}g |wg jì wa mgsrnh jhynuho}ld g wa mgsrnh rgy}ncld oh {ho}h mg }ylosanssãh mg {h}åocnl$ }lo}h oh ah}hy |wlo}h ol ihail/ H hieg}nrh ml {gsshl |wg gs}ì blugomh h ldnojlago}h î {hsncnholy ls clyclæls mg }ld ahmh |wg gssgs mgsrnhs gs}gela lilnzh mg cgy}hs rldhygs mg }hdgyéocnls$ hw }hdgyìrgns/ Wa fwnl {lyl gssls }hdgyéocnls gs}ì ahs}ylmh ol bnfwyl 9 |wg lewmlyì l gs}ligdgcgy l ag}l {lyl h {gsshld |wg gs}ì gzgcw}lomh h ldnojlago}h/ 7 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl 9 ! ]hdgyéocnls mg mgsldnojlago}h
L õd}nal {ly}g ml mgbnonæãh mg ldnojlago}h mg gnzhs î {yhrlrgdago}g l alns mnbácnd mg sg hi}gy g wswldago}g wa ls{gc}h mh ldnojlago}h |wg î fgyldago}g alns nfohylmh/ \wlomh sg mì {ly}nml ohs g|wn{lago}hs yh}l}nrhs hs gnzhs sg ahrga {lyl hw}yl {hsnæãh/ L clwsl alns chawa mgssg ahrnago}h î mgrnmh l rlynlæ÷gs mg }ga{gyl}wyls |wg hchyyga ols clyclæls mls aì|wnols g mlá gssg ahrnago}h î chawago}g ygbgynmh chah ldnojlago}h l bynh g l |wgo}g/ Gssls rlynlæ÷gs mg }ga{gyl}wyl sãh clwslmls {gdl byncæãh ohs aloclns hw {hy rlynlæ÷gs }îyancls |wg hchyyga dá|wnmhs g flsgs mh {yhcgssh/ H ahrnago}h mls aì|wnols {hmg }laiîa sgy clwslmh {hy yglæãh lh {yhcgssh mg chogc}ly wal }wiwdlæãh hw cho}yl!yglæãh mgrnml ë yh}læãh mh yh}hy$ ldfh {lygcnmh ës bhyæls |wg rhcå gz{gynago}l |wlomh }go}l ahrgy sgw iylæh cha wa fnyhscó{nh fnylomh ga swl aãh/
3 [ynocn{lns clwsls mh mgsldnojlago}h •
Aho}lfgos nolmg|wlmls0
•
Ldnojlago}hs na{ygcnshs0
•
Mgsfls}g mg aloclns g yhdlago}hs0
•
Gz{losãh }îyancl nfohylml0
•
[î aloch/ 2 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
= Sno}hals mh mgsldnojlago}h Wa gs}wmh chomwunmh {hy wal mls alnhygs ga{ygsls ga {ygsls mh awomh |wg {ygs}l sgyrnæhs ga aì|wnols yh}l}nrls ahs}yl |wg l{gols 6' mls <2; aì|wnols ldgl}hynlago}g gschdjnmls {lyl l agmnæãh gs}lrl ldnojlmls mgo}yh mls }hdgyéocnls/ Mgsldnojlago}h oãh î bìcnd mg mg}gc}ly ols aì|wnols |wg gs}ãh yhmlomh/ Ls bhyæls ylmnlns }ylosan}nmls mg gnzh {lyl gnzh sãh }n{nclago}g bhyæls gs}ì}ncls *ns}h î$ won mnygcnholns. g sãh mnbácgns mg agmny gz}gyolago}g/ [lyl ohssh mgsl{ho}lago}h$ oãh gzns}ga loldnslmhygs hw sgoshygs |wg {hssla sgy nos}ldlmhs oh dlmh gz}gyoh mls aì|wnols {lyl agmny h |wlo}h mg bhyæl gs}ì sgomh l{dnclmh lhs aloclns$ gnzhs g lch{dlago}hs/ Chosg|wgo}gago}g h |wg oós l}wldago}g rgahs sãh gbgn}hs sgcwomìynhs mgssls bhyæls |wg sãh gzninmhs l}ylrîs mhs sgfwno}gs sno}hals5 •
Lwago}h mhs oárgns mg rniylæãh$ h |wg lclyyg}l rìynhs hw}yhs {yhidgals0
Bnfwyl 3 ! Rniylæãh
•
Mgsfls}g gzcgssnrh mhs aloclns0
Bnfwyl = ! Mgsfls}g ohs aloclns
6 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
•
Alnhy mgsfls}g mhs gdgago}hs mg rgmlæãh$ {yhrhclomh rlulago}h gzcgssnrh mg ódgh0
Bnfwyl 7 ! Mgsfls}g ohs gdgago}hs mg rgmlæãh
•
Mgsfls}g {ygal}wyh mh lch{dlago}h0
Bnfwyl 2 ! Mgsfls}g mh lch{dlago}h
•
Ld}h choswah mg gogyfnl0
Bnfwyl 6 ! Lwago}h oh choswah mg gogyfnl
: vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
•
L|wgcnago}h mh lch{dlago}h g mhs aloclns mls aì|wnols$ ga gs{gcnld {yóznah lhs aloclns$ chobhyag ahs}yl l }gyahfylbnl l nobylrgyagdjh lilnzh/
Bnfwyl : ! ]gyahfylbnl ahs}ylomh h lwago}h ml }ga{gyl}wyl mgrnmh lh mgsldnojlago}h
•
Lbyhwzlago}h mhs {lylbwshs mg bwomlæãh0
•
Lbyhwzlago}h hw |wgiyl mhs {lylbwshs mh lch{dlago}h0
•
•
•
Ld}h oõagyh mg bldjls ga lch{dlago}hs *oãh wswld. hw mgsfls}g yì{nmh mhs agsahs0 Gnzhs |wgiyla hw }ynocla oh hw {yóznah lhs aloclns hw cwih mh lch{dlago}h0 \wlo}nmlmg gzcgssnrl mg fylzl *hw ódgh. oh dlmh no}gyol ml {yh}gæãh mh lch{dlago}h/
7 Chosg|wåocnls mh mgsldnojlago}h ga aì|wnols H mgsgojh ahs}ylmh ol bnfwyl > ndws}yl h |wg lcho}gcg l wal aì|wnol yh}l}nrl |wlomh gs}ì mgsldnojlml/ L{gsly ml chomnæãh mg mgsldnojlago}h ahs}ylml l|wn gs}ly wa }lo}h gzlfgylml$ gdl }go}l nomncly |wld h gnzh ml aì|wnol yh}l}nrl shbygyì mns}hyæãh *ns}h î ga{goh. |wlomh clyfls rgy}nclns hw dl}gylns bhyga }ylosbgynmls mg gnzh {lyl gnzh/ Bdgzárgns bluga ews}lago}g l|wndh {lyl h |wld gdgs bhyla {yheg}lmhs$ gdgs bdgznhola {lyl lchahmly mgsldnojlago}hs dgrgs/ Als hs gnzhs sãh bdgzárgns }laiîa$ g |wlomh h mgsldnojlago}h }hyol!sg alns sgrgyh$ alns hs gnzhs chagæla l bdgznholy }laiîa/ ]gojl ga ago}g |wg hs gnzhs oãh sãh {gyalogo}gago}g bdg}nmhs hw ga{golmhs$ gdgs gs}ãh gdls}nclago}g cwyrlmhs |wlo}h gdgs sãh swiag}nmhs l yh}læãh/ Oh}g }laiîa |wg h gnzh ml ihail$ ogs}g gzga{dh$ gs}ì gzgycgomh wal bhyæl {lyl ilnzh shiyg h alocld mh dlmh no}gyoh mh ah}hy$ go|wlo}h gdg }go}l }ylugy h gnzh mh ah}hy {lyl gs}ly ga dnojl cha l swl dnojl mg cgo}yh mg yh}læãh/ > vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl > ! Aì|wnol yh}l}nrl mgsldnojlml
[hy hw}yh dlmh$ h gnzh mh ah}hy gzgycg wal bhyæl {lyl cnal oh alocld no}gyoh ml ihail mgsmg |wg gdg }go}l }ylugy h gnzh ml ihail ga dnojl cha swl dnojl mg cgo}yh mg yh}læãh/ Sg ls bhyæls mg gnzh {lyl gnzh sãh ils}lo}g fylomgs$ h rg}hy bhyæl {hmg gs}ly {lyl cnal oh alocld gz}gyoh mh ah}hy g {lyl ilnzh oh alocld gz}gyoh ml ihail/ ]ldrgu l yluãh {hy|wg h mgsldnojlago}h mg al|wnol {hssl oãh rniyly gzcgssnrlago}g î mgrnmh$ ga {ly}g$ lh bl}h |wg gssls bhyæls gs}ãh l}wlomh ol agsal mnygæãh/ Bhyæls mg yh}hygs mgsildlocglmhs$ {hy gzga{dh$ awmlyãh swls mnygæ÷gs go|wlo}h h —{ho}h {gslmh‑ gs}gel cho}nowlago}g sg ahrgomh *ga rhd}l. |wlomh h gnzh fnyl$ clwslomh {hy nssh rniylæãh/ Bhyæls mg mgsldnojlago}h mg gnzh oãh sg ahrga *ga rhd}l.0 gdls wswldago}g l}wld ga wal õoncl mnygæãh/ <; vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
L cly}l ol bnfwyl <; ndws}yl h }ga{h gs}nalmh {lyl l bldjl mg wal {gæl }á{ncl mg g|wn{lago}h yh}l}nrh ilsglmh ol rlynlæãh mls chomnæ÷gs mg ldnojlago}h/ H }gyah bldjl$ l|wn$ na{dncl wal mgfylmlæãh mg |wld|wgy cha{hogo}g cyá}nch ml aì|wnol }ld chah hs sgdhs$ aloclns$ lch{dlago}h hw yh}hygs/ Hs mlmhs ogs}g fyìbnch bhyla cha{ndlmhs mg wa fylomg oõagyh mg jns}óynch mg clshs homg h mgsldnojlago}h bhn mgbnonmh chah sgomh l clwsl ylnu mg bldjl ml aì|wnol mgrnmh lhs rìynhs fylws mg mgsldnojlago}h mh gnzh$ agohygs oárgns mg rniylæãh ols clyclæls mls aì|wnols$ clnzls mg alocld g yh}hygs/ Byg|ôgo}gago}g$ {g|wgohs rldhygs mg mgsldnojlago}h {hmga mnanowny oárgns mg rniylæãh ga aì|wnols {hy nssh {ygclwæ÷gs mgrga sgy }halmls cha ygdlæãh l rniylæãh g mgsldnojlago}h/
Bnfwyl <; ! ]ga{h gs}nalmh {lyl bldjls ga aì|wnols mgsldnojlmls
2 Hieg}nrhs mg wa ldnojlago}h {ygcnsh Mg ahmh sna{dgs$ h hieg}nrh mh ldnojlago}h mg gnzhs î lwago}ly h {gyáhmh mg h{gylæãh mg aì|wnols yh}l}nrls/ [lyl l}nofny gssg hieg}nrh$ hs cha{hogo}gs mls aì|wnols |wg gs}ãh alns swegn}hs ë bldjls mgrga }ylildjly mgo}yh mhs sgws dnan}gs mg {yheg}h/ Mgsmg |wg hs cha{hogo}gs |wg gs}ãh alns swegn}hs l bldjls sãh hs << vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
aloclns$ sgdhs$ lch{dlago}hs g gnzhs$ h ldnojlago}h {ygcnsh mls aì|wnols l}nofnyì hs sgfwno}gs ygswd}lmhs5 •
•
Ygmwuny bhyæls ylmnlns g lznlns gzcgssnrls shiyg hs aloclns {lyl flylo}ny rnml alnhy lhs aloclns g gs}lindnmlmg lh yh}hy shi chomnæ÷gs mnoéancls mg h{gylæãh/ Anonanuly h ga{goh mg gnzh mh {ho}h mg }ylosanssãh mg {h}åocnl oh lch{dlago}h lh alocld dlmh lch{dlago}h/
•
Anonanuly h mgsfls}g ohs cha{hogo}gs mh lch{dlago}h/
•
Ygmwuny ls bldjls ohs sgdhs agcéonchs/
•
Alo}gy ls bhdfls no}gyols l{yh{ynlmls oh yh}hy/
•
Gdnanoly l {hssnindnmlmg mg bldjl mh gnzh {hy blmnfl cácdncl/
•
Agohygs oárgns mg rniylæãh ols clyclæls mls aì|wnols$ clnzls mg alocld$ g yh}hygs/ *%. byg|ôgo}gago}g$ {g|wgohs rldhygs mg mgsldnojlago}h {hmga mnanowny oárgns mg rniylæãh ga aì|wnols {hy nssh {ygclwæ÷gs mgrga sgy }halmls cha ygdlæãh ë rniylæãh g lh mgsldnojlago}h/
6 Byg|wåocnl ol |wld h ldnojlago}h mgrg sgy rgynbnclmh Chah agocnholmh {ygrnlago}g$ ls aì|wnols yh}l}nrls {hmga ahrgy nagmnl}lago}g mg{hns mg mlml l {ly}nmls/ Nssh hchyyg yl{nmlago}g g h*s. gnzh*s. lmh}l chah |wg wal {hsnæãh {gyalogo}g l{ós l gs}lindnulæãh ml chomnæãh }îyancl hw mh {yhcgssh sgy gs}lindnulml *|wld|wgy chnsl go}yg 9 jhyls g < sgalol mg{gomgomh mh clsh./ Go}yg}lo}h jì rlynlæ÷gs alns rlflyhsls g alns sw}ns |wg hchyyga ga dhofhs {gyáhmhs mg }ga{h/ Ls aì|wnols awmlyãh rlflyhslago}g l swl {hsnæãh mh agsah ahmh |wg l swl go}ylml mg flylfga bncl sldngo}g hw l bwomlæãh mh sgw {yîmnh }ynocl/ L lchahmlæãh mh shdh shi l al|wnol {hmg clwsly ahrnago}h mg }hml l bwomlæãh/ ]lo}h |wlo}h ls bwomlæ÷gs sg ahrla rlflyhslago}g$ ls }wiwdlæ÷gs chogc}lmls gzgycgyãh gsbhyæhs shiyg hs g|wn{lago}hs clwslomh ahmnbnclæ÷gs oh ldnojlago}h/ Rlynlæ÷gs sluholns mg }ga{gyl}wyl clwslyãh rlynlæ÷gs }laiîa oh chocyg}h$ ilsg ag}ìdncl$ }wiwdlæ÷gs g mw}hs sgela gz{lomnomh!hs hw cho}ylnomh!hs/ Î ygchagomìrgd |wg ga g|wn{lago}hs ygcîa nos}ldlmhs *ohrhs. sgel bgn}l rgynbnclæãh |wlo}h l awmloæls oh ldnojlago}h mg 3 l 2 agsgs l{ós l go}ylml ga <9 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
h{gylæãh/ Ilsglmh oh |wg bhy gocho}ylmh mwylo}g l {ynagnyl hw sgfwoml rgynbnclæãh mh ldnojlago}h$ lmg|ôg l swl nos{gæãh {lyl h agdjhy lews}g {lyl mh }yga mg aì|wnols/ Ga aîmnl$ ldnojlago}h mg gnzhs ga }hmhs hs g|wn{lago}hs mgrgynl sgy rgynbnclmh$ mnflahs$ lowldago}g/ Oãh bn|wg chos}ylofnmh lh dgy nssh$ {hns rhcå oãh î l õoncl {gsshl |wg oãh }ga bgn}h rgynbnclæ÷gs ols swls aì|wnols mgsmg |wg bhyla nos}ldlmls/
: ]n{hs mg mgsldnojlago}h H mgsldnojlago}h {hmg sgy cdlssnbnclmh chah sgomh lofwdly hw {lyldgdh/ L bnfwyl sgfwno}g ahs}yl gzga{dhs mhs mhns }n{hs mg mgsldnojlago}h/ H mgsldnojlago}h lofwdly hchyyg |wlomh h gnzh mg yh}læãh mg mhns gnzhs bhyal wa éofwdh/ H mgsldnojlago}h {lyldgdh hchyyg |wlomh h gnzh mg yh}læãh go}yg hs mhns gnzhs î {lyldgdh/ Ol fylomg alnhynl mhs clshs h mgsldnojlago}h î wal chainolæãh mh mgsldnojlago}h lofwdly g {lyldgdh/
Bnfwyl << ! ]n{hs mg mgsldnojlago}h
<3 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
> N}gos l sgyga hisgyrlmhs mwylo}g h ldnojlago}h >/< Mgbdgzãh
Awn}hs mhs }îconchs |wg gzgcw}la ldnojlago}hs cha cha{lylmhygs mgschojgcga l gzns}åocnl mg mgbdgzãh mhs cha{lylmhygs/ Hw}yhs lcygmn}la |wg l swl aho}lfga oãh {yhrhcl |wld|wgy mgbdgzãh$ dhfh$ oãh î ogcgssìynh cldcwdì!dl/ L rgymlmg î |wg oh ldnojlago}h gzgcw}lmh cha cha{lylmhygs gzns}g sga{yg l mgbdgzãh mgs}gs/ Ogs}g cho}gz}h$ {lyl sg hi}gyga rldhygs mg ldnojlago}h chyyg}hs l mgbdgzãh mgrg sgy sga{yg mg}gyanolml g cldcwdlml/ L mgbdgzãh î hynfnolml {gdl fylrnmlmg gzns}go}g ols ilyyls |wg sgfwyla hs cha{lylmhygs/ L mgbdgzãh mgrg sgy h agohy {hssárgd$ mg {ygbgyåocnl ol hymga mhs ;/;97=aa/ Oh go}lo}h$ sg oãh l agmnyahs chah sligygahs l swl fylomgul8 Hs sns}gals mg ldnojlago}h l dlsgy oãh {hsswga |wld|wgy mgbdgzãh/ Hs {lsshs l{yh{ynlmhs {lyl agmnæãh ml mgbdgzãh sãh hs sgfwno}gs5 9/ 3/ =/
Nos}ldly ohyaldago}g hs cha{lylmhygs {lyl ygchdjl ygchdjl mg dgn}wyls ohs gnzhs Chdhcly h cha{lylmhy cha{lylmhy l ugyh ol {hsnæãh {hsnæãh mh }h{h Yhmly h gnzh gnzh g ygfns}yly hs rldhygs l >;$ <:; g 96;µ Yhmly mg ohrh h gnzh l}î ì {hsnæãh mg }h{h *noncnld. g rgynbncly sg h cha{lylmhy bnchw l nomncly ugyh/ Sg oãh$ {hmg jlrgy wa {yhidgal cha h cha{lylmhy/ 7/ Yg{g}ny hs {lsshs 3 g = g gbg}wly l aîmnl mls mwls dgn}wyls/ Sg ls dgn}wyls bhyga awn}h mnbgygo}gs {hmg jlrgy hw}yhs {yhidgals
<= vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl <9 ! Mgbdgzãh mh ygdófnh cha{lylmhy
]n{nclago}g$ }hmls ls dgn}wyls rãh mly rldhygs ogfl}nrhs g ls dgn}wyls jhynuho}lns sgyãh nfwlns/ Mg{hns ml mg}gyanolæãh ml mgbdgzãh mh gnzh }gahs mg swi}ylny gs}l dgn}wyl ës dgn}wyls hi}nmls {lyl mg}gyanolæãh mh mgsldnojlago}h/ Ol fylomg alnhynl mls l{dnclæ÷gs l mg}gyanolæãh ml mgbdgzãh l{gols nyì ld}gyly hs rldhygs mg mgsldnojlago}h ol rgy}ncld$ {gdh |wg î chawa l{gols agmnyahs l mgbdgzãh ogs}l mnygæãh/ >/9 [yg{lylæãh ml ilsg
Ls bwomlæ÷gs ml aì|wnol mgrga sgy —}yl}lmls‑ g hs {îs {yh{ynlago}g al|wnolmls$ dna{ls g {yg{lylmls {lyl l nos}ldlæãh ml aì|wnol l sgy ldnojlml/ L ìygl cnycwomlo}g ës {îs mgrg gs}ly dna{l$ nocdwnomh h }h{h mhs {îs/ Sg l ilsg mg l{hnh oãh gs}nrgy {dlol$ {hmg lcho}gcgy h clsh ga |wg }gojla mg sgy ahmnbnclmls lo}gs mh ldnojlago}h/ Rgynbncly ls bwomlæ÷gs$ {lylbwshs$ {îs g}c$ {lyl bnsswyls hw hw}yhs mgbgn}hs/ Î {ygbgyárgd gzgcw}ly l dna{gul ml ilsg g mhs {îs lo}gs ml aì|wnol sgy chdhclml ol ilsg/ <7 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Flylo}ny |wg ls sw{gybácngs nomnclmls cha ls sg}ls gs}gela dna{ls g dnrygs mg chyyhsãh g ygilyil/
Bnfwyl <3 ! Sw{gybácngs l sgyga rgynbnclmls lo}gs ml nos}ldlæãh mg wal aì|wnol
>/3 Nyygfwdlynmlmgs oh gnzh
H }îconch goclyygfwg mg gzgcw}ly h ldnojlago}h mgrg ga {ynagnyh dwfly nos{gcnholy }hmhs hs cha{hogo}gs yh}l}nrhs g rgynbncly l gzns}åocnl mg bhdfls/ Nos{gcnholy h lch{dlago}h {lyl bhdfls$ bnsswyls g dwiynbnclæãh/ Agmny cha h cha{lylmhy nyygfwdlynmlmgs oh lch{dlago}h g ga laihs hs gnzhs/
<2 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl <= ! Nyygfwdlynmlmgs oh gnzh
>/= Gz{losãh ]îyancl
Awn}ls aì|wnols |wg gs}ãh ldnojlmls |wlomh sg gocho}yla bhyl mg sgyrnæh bncla mgsldnojlmls |wlomh go}yla ga bwocnholago}h/ Ga ldfwals aì|wnols gs}l rlynlæãh oh ldnojlago}h$ hw gz{losãh }îyancl$ î nosnfonbnclo}g/ Oh go}lo}h$ hw}yls aì|wnols yg|wgyga cha{goslæ÷gs mwylo}g h {yhcgssh mg ldnojlago}h {lyl ls rlynlæ÷gs mg {hsnæãh mh gnzh clwslmls {gdl gz{losãh }îyancl/ Gzns}ga ldfwals }îconcls wslmls ol nomõs}ynl {lyl cha{gosly l gz{losãh }îyancl5 >/=/< Sgoshygs mg Mgsdhclago}h
Wa aî}hmh {lyl mg}gyanolæãh ml gz{losãh }îyancl mg wal aì|wnol sgyì l w}ndnulæãh mg sgoshygs mg mgsdhclago}h chah nomncl l ndws}ylæãh lo}gynhy/ Gs}gs <6 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
{yhznan}gy½s *sgoshygs mg mgsdhclago}h. agmga l ld}gylæãh ml {hsnæãh ygdl}nrl mg mwls aì|wnols/ H loldnslmhy agmg l rhd}lfga ohs sgoshygs cha l aì|wnol bynl g {hs}gynhyago}g |wlomh l aì|wnol gs}lindnul ol swl chomnæãh mg bwocnholago}h ohyald/ L mnbgygoæl go}yg ls mwls agmnmls î {yh{hycnhold lh ahrnago}h ygdl}nrh ml aì|wnol/ L}ylrîs mgs}l mnbgygoæl {hmgahs cldcwdly h ahrnago}h ohs {îs ml aì|wnol/
Bnfwyl <7 ! W}ndnulæãh mg wa sgoshy mg mgsdhclago}h
>/=/9 Ilyyls cha cha{lylmhygs
Gs}g aî}hmh {gyan}g cldcwdly l gz{losãh }îyancl jhynuho}ld g rgy}ncld g chosns}g ol chdhclæãh mg wa {ly mg dhofhs ancyhag}yhs ga clml wa mhs dlmhs mhs yhdlago}hs gs}gomnmhs l}î ë ilsg ml aì|wnol/ Hs cha{lylmhygs sãh chdhclmhs l ugyh$ cha l aì|wnol l bynh$ ygfns}ylomh!sg h éofwdh go}yg clml ilyyl g h cjãh/ L aì|wnol î go}ãh noncnldnulml l}î gs}lindnuly ol swl chomnæãh mg bwocnholago}h ohyald/ H ohrh cha{ynago}h mg clml ilyyl î ygfns}ylml lssna cnah h éofwdh go}yg l ilyyl g h cjãh/ Gs}ls bnfwyls sãh w}ndnulmls {lyl cldcwdly l gz{losãh }îyancl jhynuho}ld g rgy}ncld/ L bh}hfylbnl sgfwno}g ahs}yl wa {ly mg ilyyls aho}lmls owal ihail/
<: vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl <2 – W}ndnulæãh mg ygdófnhs {lyl agmny l gz{losãh }îyancl
>/=/3 ]ga{gyl}wyl
L }îconcl mh {gybnd mg }ga{gyl}wyl cldcwdl l rlynlæãh ml {hsnæãh rgy}ncld ml dnojl mg gnzhs mgrnmh l rlynlæ÷gs mg }ga{gyl}wyl/ Gs}g aî}hmh l{gols mg}gyanol l gz{losãh }îyancl rgy}ncld/ L gdgrlæãh chdhclml {hy mg ilnzh mhs {îs sgyrg mg ygbgyåocnl {lyl ls agmnæ÷gs rgy}nclns/ Chah l mnygæãh jhynuho}ld oãh î cldcwdlml$ dhfh$ oãh gzns}g ygbgygocnl jhynuho}ld/ Gs}l }îconcl î lmg|wlml {lyl aì|wnols mg {h}åocnl agohy |wg 7;; CR/ Gs}l }îconcl w}ndnul l bóyawdl mg gz{losãh dnogly5 G1 Ld}wyl z Rlynlæãh ]ga{gyl}wyl z Chgbncngo}g Gz{losãh ]îyancl
Ygchagoml!sg |wg sg gzgcw}g wa aáonah mg |wl}yh dgn}wyls ga clml {gybnd/ Ls dgn}wyls mg }ga{gyl}wyl l bynh sãh gzgcw}lmls lh agsah }ga{h ga |wg ls dgn}wyls mg ldnojlago}h$ go|wlo}h |wg ls dgn}wyls ml }ga{gyl}wyl l |wgo}g sãh gzgcw}lmls |wlomh l aì|wnol gs}lindnul ol swl chomnæãh mg bwocnholago}h ohyald/
<> vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
>/7 [î aloch
hchyyg |wlomh wal hw alns {îs ml aì|wnol oãh sg gocho}yla oh agsah {dloh mls hw}yls/ Gs}l chomnæãh }gyì chah chosg|wåocnl l mns}hyæãh ml ilsg/ Gs}l mns}hyæãh {hmg {yhrhcly wal bldjl ohs yhdlago}hs/ Hw}yl chosg|wåocnl awn}h rwdfly mh {î aloch î l mnbncwdmlmg lcygscnml ol gzgcwæãh mg wa ldnojlago}h mg {ygcnsãh/ [î aloch
Bnfwyl <6 ! ]n{hs mg {îs alochs
Nobgdnuago}g$ hs {yhidgals mg {î aloch sãh alns mnbácgns mg chyynfny mh |wg mg dhcldnuly/ L chyygæãh mg{gomg mh }n{h mg {î aloch/ Ldfwals chosg|wåocnls mgs}g bgoýagoh sãh nomnclmls ol bnfwyl sgfwno}g/
9; vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl <: ! Chosg|wåocnls mh {î aloch
H {î aloch {lyldgdh {hmg sgy chyynfnmh agmnomh l bhdfl mhs {îs cha wa cha{lylmhy go|wlo}h h {î î mgsl{gy}lmh/ [lyl chyynfny gs}g }n{h mg {î aloch ils}l chdhcly cldæhs l{yh{ynlmhs oh {î l chyynfny/
9< vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl <> ! Chdhclæãh mg cldæhs {lyl gdnanolæãh mh {î aloch
Nobgdnuago}g h {î aloch {lyldgdh î awn}h ylyl/ Awn}hs }n{hs mg {î alochs nyãh gznfny mh }îconch l rgynbnclæãh mls bhdfls *wslomh wa l{ld{l bhdfls. ga clml {î g awn}l {lcnåocnl/ Hs {lsshs sgfwno}gs mgrga sgy sgfwnmhs {lyl chyygæãh mg {yhidgals mg {î aloch5 •
•
•
Mg{hns mg dhcldnuly h {î aloch ga clml wal mhs {îs$ chagæly l mgsl{gy}ly hs {lylbwshs mg clml wal mgdls0 Owal {î mg clml rgu$ chagæly cha wa l{ld{l bhdfls mg g ygfns}yly l bhdfl l clml clo}h mh {î/ Yg{g}ny gs}g {yhcgmnago}h cha mnbgygo}gs gs{gsswyls l}î Gocho}ylyahs h {gybnd mg clml {î/ Chos}ywny wa cldæh {lyl chyynfny h {î aloch/
•
L{gy}ly }hmhs hs {lylbwshs
•
Rhd}ly l rgynbncly h bgoýagoh mh {î aloch
<; [yhcgmnago}hs oh {yhcgssh mg ldnojlago}h < [yg{lylæãh lo}gs ml {lylfga ml aì|wnol •
Hi}gy bgyylago}ls ogcgssìynls lh ldnojlago}h *cldæhs g `n} mg ldnojlago}h.
•
[yg{lyly h {gsshld
•
Nos{gcnholy l aì|wnol *bwomlæ÷gs g {îs$ {lylbwshs g}c.
Ygchdjgy nobhyalæãh {lyl cìdcwdh ml gz{losãh }îyancl 9 [yg{lylæãh lo}gs mg noncnly l agmnæãh mh mgsldnojlago}h •
•
Dna{ly {îs ml aì|wnol g cjlssns 99 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
•
Nos{gcnholy h lch{dlago}h g rgynbncly bhdfls
•
Nos{gcnholy nyygfwdlynmlmgs ohs gnzhs
•
Rgynbncly h gs}lmh mhs cldæhs eì nos}ldlmhs ol aì|wnol
Mg}gyanoly l mgbdgzãh *|wlomh sg w}ndnul w} ndnul cha{lylmhygs. 3 Agmny h mgsldnojlago}h •
•
Gzgcw}ly h ldnojlago}h noncnld *{hy gzga{dh cha yîfwl g gs|wlmyh.
Agmny h mgsldnojlago}h noncnld Chdhcly hs cldæhs mg chyygæãh lmg|wlmhs Yg{g}ny hs {lsshs 3 g = l}î l aì|wnol gs}ly gs}ly mgo}yh mls }hdgyéocnls }hdgyéocnls Chdhcly l aì|wnol ga bwocnholago}h \wlomh l aì|wnol l}nofny l}nofny ls chomnæ÷gs chomnæ÷gs ohyalns ohyalns mg bwocnholago}h$ ygcldcwdly ygcldcwdly l gz{losãh }îyancl/ •
= 7 2 6
<< Aî}hmhs mg ldnojlago}h << Yîfwl g cldniylmhy mg bhdfl
H ldnojlago}h cha yîfwl g cldniylmhy mg bhdfl mgrg sgy gzgcw}lmh ga g|wn{lago}h mg ilnzl yh}læãh g cha lch{dlago}h mg fylomgs mnéag}yhs g ga clshs |wg gznela wyfåocnl mg alow}goæãh/ [lyl hi}gy h ldnojlago}h chyyg}h }halahs ls dgn}wyls$ hisgyrlomh sga{yg hs agsahs }ylæhs ygbgygocnlns ga lails ls ag}lmgs mh lch{dlago}h$ ga = {hsnæ÷gs mgblslmls mg >;µ/ H ldnojlago}h {lyldgdh î chosgfwnmh$ |wlomh l yîfwl sg alo}nrgy onrgdlml cha ls mwls ag}lmgs ols = {hsnæ÷gs *;µ$ >;µ$ <:;µ g 96;µ./ H ldnojlago}h lofwdly î hi}nmh$ |wlomh h agmnmhy mg bhdfl ahs}yly l agsal gs{gsswyl ols = {hsnæ÷gs *;µ$ >;µ$ <:;µ g 96;µ.$ hisgyrlomh$ sga{yg$ l chochyméocnl go}yg hs }ylæhs mg ygbgyåocnl/ ygb gyåocnl/
93 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl 9; ! Ldnojlago}h cha yîfwl g agmnmhy mg bhdfl
<9 Ygdófnh Cha{lylmhy
H cha{lylmh î wa nos}ywago}h agcéonch mg {ygcnsãh |wg agmg l {hsnæãh ygdl}nrl mh rgnh/ Ilsnclago}g$ h cha{lylmhy chosns}g owa noródwcyh cho}gomh mnrgyshs cha{hogo}gs agcéonchs mg {ygcnsãh$ wal blcg cha alycls mg ;/;
9= vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl 9< ! Ygdófnh Cha{lylmhy
H åaihdh {hmg sgy chdhclmh }lo}h ë {hy ilnzh mh nomnclmhy chah l}yìs mgs}g/ \wlomh h åaihdh î {ygssnholmh h {ho}gnyh yhml ol mnygæãh mhs {ho}gnyhs mh ygdófnh g |wlomh gs}g mgnzl mg shbygy {ygssãh h {ho}gnyh yhml oh sgo}nmh cho}yìynh lhs {ho}gnyhs mh ygdófnh/
Bnfwyl 99 – Nomnclmhygs mhs }n{hs g|wndniylmh g cho}áowh
Oh ldnojlago}h$ hs cha{lylmhygs sãh w}ndnulmhs {lyl agmnyga l {hsnæãh ml dnojl mg gnzhs mg wa rgnh/ ]n{nclago}g$ hs cha{lylmhygs alns chawos {hsswga wal gscldl mg ;/;
[lyl l rgynbnclæãh mh ldnojlago}h [lyldgdh g Lofwdly mgrgahs {hsncnholy h ygdófnh cha l ilsg alfoî}ncl sga{yg l{hnlml ol {ly}g mh ah}hy/ Eì h sgoshy mh ygdófnh {lyl ldnojlago}h [lyldgdh$ mgrg sgy {hsncnholmh {gy{gomncwdlyago}g lh lch{dlago}h ml {ly}g lcnholml$ go|wlo}h |wg$ oh ldnojlago}h Lofwdly$ h sgoshy mgrg gs}ly {hsncnholmh lznldago}g ga ygdlæãh lh sgw gnzh/
Bnfwyl 93 ! Rgynbnclæãh mg ldnojlago}h cha cha{lylmhygs
92 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
<9/<
Aî}hmh blcg g {gynbgynl
Bnfwyl 9= ! Aî}hmh blcg g {gynbgynl
Cha gs}g aî}hmh l {hsnæãh {lyldgdl î hi}nml }nylomh agmnmls oh mnéag}yh gz}gynhy *{gynbgynl. go|wlo}h |wg l {hsnæãh lofwdly î bgn}l ol blcg/ Gs}ls dgn}wyls sãh {yheg}lmls al}gal}nclago}g g fylbnclago}g ols sl{l}ls mh ah}hy *aì|wnol aórgd. {lyl mg}gyanolæãh mls chyygæ÷gs ogcgssìynls/ Rlo}lfgos5
[hmg sgy w}ndnulmh w}ndnulmh |wlomh l{gols wa gnzh {hmg sgy fnylmh 9/ Iha aî}hmh {lyl mns}éocnls cwy}ls 3/ Bìcnd rnswldnulæãh mls agmnmls Mgsrlo}lfgos5
Gyyhs mg ldnojlago}h byg|wgo}gs 9/ Gschyygflago}h mh cha{lylmhy ylmnld ylmnld {hmg nomwuny nomwuny l gyyhs mg mg dgn}wyl 3/ Mgrg sgy cldcwdlml cldcwdlml l mgbdgzãh mls ilyyls mg sw{hy}g sw{hy}g mhs ygdófnhs ygdófnhs =/ —Ywo hw}‑ oh lch{dlago}h lbg}lyì dgn}wyls <9/9
Aî}hmh {hy agmnml norgysl mls {gynbgynls
Ls {hsnæ÷gs lofwdly g {lyldgdl sãh hi}nmls }nylomh mwls agmnmls ylmnlns oh lch{dlago}h/ Gs}ls dgn}wyls sãh {yheg}lmls al}gal}nclago}g g fylbnclago}g ols sl{l}ls mh ah}hy *aì|wnol aórgd. {lyl mg}gyanolæãh mls chyygæ÷gs ogcgssìynls/ 96 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Bnfwyl 97 ! Aî}hmh {hy agmnml norgysl mls {gynbgynls
Rlo}lfgos5
[lyl sgy w}ndnulmh w}ndnulmh |wlomh hs mhns gnzhs {hmga fnyly 9/ [hmg sgy w}ndnulmh w}ndnulmh {lyl mns}éocnls mns}éocnls alnhygs |wg |wg h aî}hmh aî}hmh blcg g {gynbgnyl 3/ Alnhy {ygcnsãh fghaî}yncl =/ L gzns}åocnl gzns}åocnl mh —ywo hw}‑ oh lch{dlago}h lch{dlago}h oãh lbg}lyì lbg}lyì ls dgn}wyls Mgsrlo}lfgos5
Laihs hs hs gnzhs mgrga fnyly ewo}hs 9/ Swcg}árgd mg gyyhs mg dgn}wyl 3/ Mgrg sgy cldcwdlml cldcwdlml l mgbdgzãh mls ilyyls mg sw{hy}g sw{hy}g mhs ygdófnhs ygdófnhs <9/3
Cìdcwdh mls chyygæ÷gs
Gzga{dh5
Chosnmgygahs h sgfwno}g gzga{dh5 Dgn}wyl mhs cha{lylmhygs5 Aì|wnol Gs}lcnhoìynl *G. 1 +;/;39 *[hsnæãh Rgy}ncld.
Aì|wnol Aórgd *A. 1 +;/;;7 Mgbdgzãh *M. 1 ;/;;= 9: vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Mg}gyanoly l {hsnæãh {lyldgdl5 [{1 *Dgn}wyl + Mgbdgzãh. (9 G 1 *;/;39 + ;/;;=.(9 1 ;/;<: A1 *;/;;7 + ;/;;=.(9 1 ;/;;=7 Ga {l{gd fghaî}ynch alycla!sg gs}ls mwls {hsnæ÷gs ohs mhns lch{dlago}hs/
9/ Cldcwdly l {hsnæãh ml sl{l}l mnlo}gnyl
3/ Cldcwdly l {hsnæãh ml sl{l}l }ylsgnyl 9> vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Mh mgsgojh fghaî}ynch hi}nmh$ blcndago}g rnswldnulahs |wg h ah}hy sg gocho}yl ;/;;93 aa ilnzh ë bygo}g g ;/;<2 ilnzh l}yìs/ <3 Ldnojlago}h {hy dlsgy
H sns}gal dlsgy gzgcw}l agmnmls ml {hsnæãh lofwdly g {lyldgdl mh gnzh l}ylrîs ml ganssãh mg wa dlsgy {gdh }ylosmw}hy *{ly}g bnzl. {lyl h {ynsal *{ly}g aórgd./
Bnfwyl 92 ! Ldnojlago}h l dlsgy
3; vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
Rlo}lfgos5
9/ 3/ =/ 7/ 2/
Lwago}l snfonbncl}nrlago}g snfonbncl}nrlago}g l {ygcnsãh mh mh ldnojlago}h Nmgld {lyl mns}éocnls dhofls ]ga{h {lyl {lyl ldnojlago}h ldnojlago}h î ygmwunmh L gzns}åocnl mg —ywohw}‑ oh lch{dlago}h oãh oãh lbgc}lyì ls dgn}wyls Oãh î ogcgssìynh cldcwdly l —mgbdgzãh‑ —mgbdgzãh‑ H g|wn{lago}h cldcwdl cldcwdl h mgsldnojlago}h mgsldnojlago}h g ls chyygæ÷gs l gbg}wly
Mgsrlo}lfgos5
L {ygcnsãh mh ldnojlago}h î lbg}lml {gdl dwu laingo}g g {gdls {ly}ácwdls sws{gosls oh ly/
Bnfwyl 96 ! Dlsgy sgomh w}ndnulmh {lyl ldnojlago}h mg wal aì|wnol
<3/<
[lmyãh ml {yhegæãh
Hs {lmy÷gs alns chawos sãh5 [ho}h Dnojl
Cywu
3< vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
<3/9
Mns}éocnl mg }ylildjh
Wsg sga{yg chah ygbgyåocnl h éofwdh mg ligy}wyl mh aómwdh Dlsgy {lyl cldcwdly h }lalojh ml dnojl {yheg}lml/ Gs}g {lyéag}yh gs}ì ol }ligdl mg Clylc}gyás}ncls }îconcls mg clml ahmgdh mg aómwdh gansshy mg Dnojl/ Mgs}l bhyal rhcå {hmgyì sligy lo}gcn{lmlago}g h }lalojh ml dnojl {yheg}lml ga bwoæãh ml mns}éocnl mh aómwdh ë sw{gybácng mg }ylildjh/
Bnfwyl 9: ! Dlsgy {yheg}lmh
<3/3 •
•
Dlsgys oh Rgyagdjh *237oa. sãh alns nomnclmhs {lyl l{dnclæ÷gs mg ldnojlago}h {lyl |wlomh sg mgsgel {yheg}ly wal dnojl hw Z/ Cho}wmh$ Dlsgys oh rgymg *739oa. {hsswga wal rnsnindnmlmg awn}h alnhy$ {hns h hdjh jwaloh î alns sgosárgd ë chy rgymg/ [hy gzga{dh$ wa Dlsgy rgymg mg 9;aV *739oa. sgyì agdjhy rns}h {gdh hdjh jwaloh mh |wg wa Dlsgy rgyagdjh mg =;aV *27;oa./ Dlsgys rgyagdjhs sãh chosnmgylrgdago}g alns ilyl}hs mh |wg hs Dlsgys rgymgs/
<3/= •
•
•
•
Chy *cha{ynago}h mg homl.
Sgfwyloæl {lyl l rnsãh
Dlsgys mg {h}åocnl agohy |wg 7aV hbgygcga {hwch ynsch {lyl l rnsãh/ éofwdh mg ligy}wyl ohs Dlsgys mg dnojl g Z awmla h oárgd mg sgfwyloæl g hbgygcga agohy ynsch ë rnsãh$ {hns mns}yniwga l {h}åocnl lh dhofh mh {lmyãh {yheg}lmh/ \wlo}h agohy l {h}åocnl mh Dlsgy ga |wld|wgy chy$ agohy ynsch gdg hbgygcg/ \wlo}h alnhy l {h}åocnl$ alnhy l cdlssnbnclæãh mh Dlsgy g alnhygs cwnmlmhs mgrga sgy }halmhs/ 39 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
•
Ga }hmhs hs clshs î sga{yg ygchagomlmh h wsh mg ócwdhs mg sgfwyloæl |wlomh sg }ylildjl cha Dlsgys/
<3/7 •
•
•
]ga{gyl}wyl mg }ylildjh
Sg h Aómwdh Dlsgy }ylildjly ga laingo}gs cha }ga{gyl}wyl chosnmgylml ohyald $ hw sgel$ go}yg <; g 9:»C$ 9:»C$ oãh mgrga hchyygy {yhidgals/ {yh idgals/ \wlomh h aómwdh Dlsgy rln cha{hy aì|wnols |wg gs}ãh swegn}ls l }ylildjly ga laingo}gs cha }ga{gyl}wyls lcnal mg 9:»C ldfwos cwnmlmhs mgrga sgy }halmhs/ [lyl }ga{gyl}wyls lcnal mg 9:»C nos}lindnmlmgs ol {h}åocnl {hmga hchyygy$ {hmgomh l}î {yhrhcly l |wgnal mh Dlsgy/ Ogs}gs clshs shdncn}lahs |wg nobhyaga l DLSGYDnog {lyl |wg {hsslahs bhyogcgy wa aómwdh cha wa noródwcyh ogcgssìynh {lyl wal alnhy mnssn{læãh mg cldhy g(hw wa sns}gal mg ygbynfgylæãh lch{dlmh/ Nssh lilnzl l }ga{gyl}wyl mh aómwdh {lyl oárgns lcgn}ìrgns$ flylo}nomh flylo}nomh lssna lssna wa bwocnholago}h {gybgn}h g gs}ìrgd/ Ldfwos sns}gals mg ygbynfgylæãh ohyaldago}g w}ndnulmhs sãh5 Rgo}ndlæãh bhyælml Sns}gals l}nrhs mg ygbynfgylæãh chah Chhdgy }gyah!gdî}ynch } gyah!gdî}ynch *]GC. h
h
<3/2 •
Lcgssóynhs {lyl h Aómwdh Dlsgy5
Bho}g mg Ldnago}læãh 5 Oh fgyld gdls mgrga {hsswny gzcgdgo}g gs}lindnmlmg
mg }gosãh g {hsswny wa iha sns}gal mg sw{ygssãh mg }ylosngo}gs/ Ga jn{ó}gsg ldfwal mgrga sgy wslmls bho}gs mg {lygmg hw sns}gals oãh gs}lindnulmhs l}nrlago}g/ Lml{}lmhygs cha il}gynls cha }gos÷gs go}yg = g 7 rhd}s }laiîa {hmga sgy wslmhs$ }halomh!sg ldfwal {ygclwæãh {lyl |wg l }gosãh ol go}ylml mh aómwdh Dlsgy owocl sgel agohy |wg 3$9 Rhd}s$ {hns nssh mgslindn}l h sns}gal mg cho}yhdg mg chyygo}g mh mnhmh Dlsgy$ mgnzlomh!h lssna sga {yh}gæãh g {hmgomh dgrly ë |wgnal mh aómwdh Dlsgy/ •
Sw{hy}g mg bnzlæãh 5 [hsncnholy h sgw aómwdh Dlsgy lmg|wlmlago}g {hmg
blugy wal fylomg mnbgygoæl oh ygswd}lmh bnold ml swl l{dnclæãh/ Gdgs }laiîa lewmla l alo}gy h Dlsgy nshdlmh mh gzcgssh mg rniylæãh g cldhy mg ldfwals sw{gybácngs/
33 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
<9 Chocdwsãh Chocdwáahs |wg mg ahmh sna{dgs$ h hieg}nrh mh ldnojlago}h mg gnzhs î lwago}ly h {gyáhmh mg h{gylæãh mg aì|wnols yh}l}nrls/ [lyl l}nofny gssg hieg}nrh$ hs cha{hogo}gs mls aì|wnols aì|wnols |wg gs}ãh alns swegn}hs ë bldjls mgrga mgrga }ylildjly mgo}yh mhs sgws dnan}gs mg {yheg}h/ Mgsldnojlago}h oãh î bìcnd mg mg}gc}ly ols aì|wnols |wg gs}ãh yhmlomh/ Ls bhyæls ylmnlns }ylosan}nmls mg gnzh {lyl gnzh sãh }n{nclago}g bhyæls gs}ì}ncls *ns}h î$ wonmnygcnholns. g sãh mnbácgns mg agmny gz}gyolago}g/ [lyl ohssh mgsl{ho}lago}h$ oãh gzns}ga loldnslmhygs hw sgoshygs |wg {hssla sgy nos}ldlmhs oh dlmh gz}gyoh mls aì|wnols {lyl agmny h |wlo}h mg bhyæl gs}ì sgomh l{dnclmh lhs aloclns$ gnzhs g lch{dlago}hs/ Chosg|wgo}gago}g h |wg oós l}wldago}g rgahs sãh gbgn}hs sgcwomìynhs sgcwomìynhs mgssls bhyæls$ chah chah {hy gzga{dh bldjls {ygal}wyls mg alocld$ sgdh$ gnzh g lch{dlago}h/
3= vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy
<3 Ygbgyåocnls inidnhfyìbncls
L na{hy}éocnl mh ldnojlago}h go}yg gnzhs – Ewdnh Olscnb Zlrngy j}}{5((vvv/scynim/cha(mhc(793:>76(L!na{hy}locnl!mh!ldnojlago}h!go}yg!gnzhs
Ldnojlago}h mg gnzhs ! CSG Choswd}hynl g Sgyrnæhs mg Gofgojlynl j}}{5((vvv/scynim/cha(mhc(9=:936><(Ldnojlago}h!mg!gnzhs
[yôb}gcjon` – Gbbgc}s hb ansldnfoago} j}}{5((vvv/{ywb}gcjon`/cha(ldnfoago}!s~s}gas(ldnfoago}!`ohvdgmfg(gbbgc}s! hb!ansldnfoago}/j}ad8ohXclcjg1<
Ldnojlago}h mg aì|wnols Yh}l}nrls ! SGOLN GS !<>>6 j}}{5((vvv/scynim/cha(mhc(979;7<9;(Agcloncl!Ldnojlago}h!mg!Al|wnols! Yh}l}nrls!SGOLN!CS]
37 vvv/idhfmlagcloncl/cha/iy