Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Nstrbtndlbs hn n`rlqunalgln`te aurrlaucbr n` Gbtngâtlabs JB`bDbcl`heU
Vnae`ealgln`te ‑ Vnae`ealgln`te ‑ @eAegnralbc @eAegnralbc ‑ AegpbrtlrLdubc (fy-`a-sb)? @e sn pnrgltn u` use ‑ AegpbrtlrLdubc aegnralbc hn cb efrb erldl`bc `l hn cbs peslfcns efrbs hnrlvbhbs, cb hlstrlfualñ` hn cbs aubcns sn hnfn mbanr ae` u`b clan`alb ldubc b cb qun rnducb cb efrb erldl`bc. Gbtnrlbc erldl`bc sl` il` aegnralbc. Qn rundb rnspntbr buterçbZbrb hnsabrdb, nsarlfn bc preynate
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Oundes ae` cb Abcaucbherb Abcaucbherb .
HNQAVLZALÑ@
•
Nc gbtnrlbc sn prnsn`tb n` ilambs e sefrns l`hlvlhubcns qun l`acuyn` hlinrn`tns oundes y nonralales rncbale`bhes ae` nc iu`ale`bgln`te hn cb abcaucbherb.
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Ces nonralales sn punhn` rnbclzbr hn iergb l`hlvlhubc e per pbrnobs.
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Cbs batlvlhbhns rnsuctb` hlvnrtlhbs y slrvn` pbrb qun ces bcug`es ae`ezab` bcdu`es bspnates aurleses hnc aâcauce y cb rnsecualñ` hn prefcngbs.
•
Abhb bcug`e/b augpclgn`tb u`b meob hn rndlstre hnc trbfboe rnbclzbhe abhb hçb.
GBXNVLBCNQ
•
Abcaucbherb.
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Abrpntb ae` oundes y nonralales qun ae`stb hn cbs slduln`tns snaale`ns? - Iu`ale`bgln`te hn cb abcaucbherb. - @ÿgnres aurleses. - Aâcauce y oundes.
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
O^NDEQ AE@ CB ABCA^CBHEVB
@ÿgnres aurleses
Nc `ÿgnre <2 Nc `ÿgnre <2 `es rnaunrhb nc hn cb peclaçb (:<2) y tbgflì` nc prniloe hnc qun `es snrvlges pbrb ccbgbr b Gbhrlh. Bmerb vnrâs qun nstn `ÿgnre tbgflì` ns ibgese perqun aub`he ce guctlpclabges per 2.6.1,...<, cn pbsb` u`bs aesbs guy aurlesbs. <2 ] 2 7 :<2 <2 ] 6 7 2=6 <2 ] 1 7 641 <2 ] 8 7 198 <2 ] > 7 8>> <2 ] 9 7 >89 <2 ] 4 7 914 <2 ] = 7 46= <2 ] < 7 =2< Efsnrvb qun cb aecug`b hn cbs u`lhbhns aegln`zb n` 2,6,1... y babfb n` <; cb hn cbs hnan`bs aegln`zb n` < y vb fbob`he mbstb 2; y cb hn cbs an`tn`bs aegln`zb n` : y vb sufln`he hn u`e n` u`e mbstb nc =.
^` `ÿgnre glstnrlese? nc < Mbz nstbs rnstbs y vnrâs nc rnsuctbhe qun tn sbcn.
< - 2 7 <= - 62 7 <=4 - 162 7 <=49 - 8162 7 <=49> - >8162 7 <=49>8 - 9>8162 7
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
NC HNXNAXLYN
@¿ hn Oudbherns 6 oudbherns. Vndcbs hnc ounde Ae` u`b abcaucbherb hlcn b tu bglde qun b`etn, sl` gestrbrcb, su nhbh. B ae`tl`ubalñ` qun? e cb guctlpclqun per 6 e cn sugn > e nc rnsuctbhe ce guctlpclqun per >:: e cn sugn cb ab`tlhbh hn hl`nre qun tln`n n` nc fecslcce (32:::) qun bc rnsuctbhe cn rnstn 14>= e \ cn plhns qun tn n`snòn cb abcaucbherb. abcaucbherb. Xu bvnrldubrâs su nhbh y nc hl`nre e qun tln`n n` nc fecslcce. @ÿgnre Acbvn? Zbrb bvnrldubr cb nhbh y nc hl`nre qun tln`n fbstb sugbr bc rnsuctbhe 26>=. Cbs hes prlgnrbs alirbs ns cb nhbh y nc rnste cbs pnsntbs qun tln`n. Efontlves. Zbsbr u` rbte hlvnrtlhe n`trn hes bgldes y b`bclzbr hntn`lhbgn`tn ces iu`hbgn`tes hnc ounde.
AÂCA^CEQ QL@ XNACBQ
@¿ hn Oudbherns? Xehes ces qun sn qulnrb Vndcbs hnc ounde; Nc preinser nsarlfn u`b epnrbalñ` n` cb plzbrrb, y cns hlan b ces bcug`es qun eftn`db` nc rnsuctbhe ae` cb abcaucbherb pnre ae` rnstrlaale`ns sefrn cbs tnacbs qun hnfn` utlclzbr. Db`bher?Db`b qulì` ae`sldb vlsubclzbr nc rnsuctbhe hn cb epnrbalñ`, n` etrb vnrslñ`, quln` ce ae`sldun b`tns. Nongpce • 6::?64 utlclzb`he sñce cb tnacb x • 1>:/>9 utlclzb`he sñce cb tnacb + • 29>/1> utlclzb`he sñce cb tnacb • 68>1-262 sl` utlclzbr cb tnacb • 648+286 sl` utlclzbr cb tnacb + • Efontlves? Qn prntn`hn vnr cb "gbhurnz `ugìrlab" hn `unstres bcug`es. ounde guy hlvnrtlhe
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Oundes ae` Aufes HNQAVLZALÑ@
•
Nc tbccnr prntn`hn l`trehualr bc bcug`bhe n` batlvlhbhns qun gnoern` su pnranpalñ` y hegl`le hn cb erdb`lzbalñ` hnc nspbale y tbgflì` su arnbtlvlhbh arnbtlvlhbh..
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Cbs batlvlhbhns qun sn prepe`n` vb` bugn`tb`he predrnslvbgn`tn hn hlilauctbh.
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Nc tbccnr hn aufes supe`n u`b snrln hn batlvlhbhns qun sn rnbclzb` hn iergb l`hlvlhubc, bu`qun tbgflì` ns peslfcn n l`acuse rnaegn`hbfcn qun, n` eabsle`ns, ces bcug`es/bs qun sn n`aun`trb` n` u` alnrte `lvnc hn hlilauctbh, byuhn` e tutern` b etres qun sn n`aun`trb` n` u` `lvnc gn`er hn hlilauctbh.
@lvnc 2? Ae`struaale`ns clfrns. @lvnc 6? Ae`struaale`ns ae` gehnces. @lvnc 1? Vnbclzbr u`b ae`struaalñ` ae` aufes y hnspuìs hlfuobr b gb`e n` cb trbgb. @lvnc 8? Vnbclzbr cb ae`struaalñ` slduln`he ces gehnces gnhlb`tn ilambs Terh. @lvnc >. Hlfuobr cbs ae`struaale`ns rnbclzbhbs usb`he nc predrbgb hn hlfuoe Abfrl .
GBXNVLBCNQ
•
Câgl`bs pbrb ae`struaale`ns clfrns e aeplbs.
•
Câgl`bs ae` gehnces.
•
Aufes.
•
Zredrbgb hn ae`struaalñ` ae` nc erhn`bher.
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Oundes ae` Aufes
@lvnc 2. Ae`struaale`ns clfrns.
@lvnc 6. Ae`strulr slduln`he ces ge hnces.
@lvnc 1. Vnbclzbr u`b ae`struaalñ` y hlfuobrcb b gb`e n` cb trbgb.
@lvnc 8. Vnbclzbr ae`struaale`ns slduln`he ces gehnces gnhlb`tn ilambs hn Terh .
@lvnc >. Hlfuobr cbs ae`struaale`ns rnbclzbhbs usb`he nc predrbgb hn hlfuoe Abfrl.
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
@lvnc 2 y 1. Ae`struaale`ns clfrns y
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
@lvnc 1. Ae`strulr slduln`he u` gehnce
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
XBCCNV HN XBGDVBG Ae`tn`lhes
^`b pbrtn hn cbs gbtngâtlabs rnarnbtlvbs sn ea upb hn ces prefcngbs hn regpnabfnzbs, n` ces qun sn aertb n` vbrlbs plnzbs u`b ildurb pcb`b e u` sñclhe y mby qun mbanr n`abobr cbs plnzbs n`trn sç pbrb rnaegpe`nr cb ildurb erldl`bc. N`trn ces pbsbtlngpes rnarnbtlves hn nstb nspnaln hnstbab`, hnshn nc Vn`balgln`te, ces regpnabfnzbs aml`es ae`ealhes aege – tb`drbg‗.
Aegpeslale`ns clfrns
Aegpeslalñ` hn ildurbs? tbgbòe rnbc tbgbòe rnhualhe ae` e sl` secualñ`.
Qupnrilalns? aegpbrbalñ` y gnhlhb.
Ildurbs nqulvbcn`tns.
Xrb`siergbalñ` hn ildurbs.
Gÿctlpces y hlvlserns.
Irbaale`ns.
Hnalgbcns.
Xlpe hn bdrupbgln`te.
Xrbfboe l`hlvlhubc e per pbrnobs.
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Oundes ae` Xb`drbg Nc ounde ae`stb hn slntn plnzbs e –tb`s‗ ae` ces qun ns peslfcn ae`strulr u` aubhrbhe, tbc aege sn l`hlab n` cb slduln`tn ildurb?
2. B`lgbcns, pnrse`bs y aesbs
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Zrefcngbs gìtrlaes b) Qupe`ln`he qun nc cbhe hnc aubhrbhe pnqunòe ns 2 hg, abcaucb cbs hlgn`sle`ns y nc pnrçgntre hn abhb u`b hn cbs plnzbs hnc tb`drbg.
f) Ql nc aubhrbhe drb`hn ns cb u`lhbh, µRuì irbaalñ` hnc aubhrbhe rnprnsn`tb abhb u`b hn cbs plnzbs hnc tb`drbg aml`e5 µRuì irbaalñ` hnc aubhrbhe ns abhb u`b hn cbs slduln`tns ildurbs5
a) Ae`struyn y hlfuob, ae` cbs plnzbs hnc tb`drbg, ildurbs nqulvbcn`tns b cbs slduln`tns irbaale`ns? 2/29 , 8/29, >/29, =/29, 22/29, 26/29, 28/29
Ae`struaalñ` hn ildurbs dnegìtrlabs
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
f) ^tlclzb tehbs cbs plnzbs hnc tb`drbg pbrb ae`strulr abhb u`b hn cbs slduln`tns ildurbs?
Xbccnr hn aâcauce gn`tbc
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
Ilambs pbrb cb buteaerrnaalñ` qun bpertb` cbs secuale`ns b ces hlvnrses nonralales.
Xbccnr hn Zlrâglhns @ÿgnre Fbsn 6
Xbccnr hn Qehukus
Ql nrns u` gbnstre hnc Quheku y qulnrns hngestrbrce e ce qulnrns bprn`hnr bquç nstâ tu epertu`lhbh. N` abhb puzzcn arnbhe sn mb l`aerperbhe cb secualñ`. Nstâ` n` iergbte HEA y abhb bramlve pnsb sñce 1< Kf.
Nc efontlve ns rnccn`br cb aubhrçaucb hn <Ô< anchbs hlvlhlhb n` sufaubhrçaucbs "abobs" e "rndle`ns" hn 1Ô1 ae` cbs alirbs hnc 2 bc <, pbrtln`he hn bcdu`es `ÿgnres yb hlspunstes n`
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he •
Qn prntn`hn qun tehes ces bcug`es y bcug`bs punhb` pbrtlalpbr n` ces oundes, pnre qun abhb u`e punhb sndulr su rltge hn trbfboe bvb`zb`he sndÿ` sus peslflclhbhns.
GBXNVLBCNQ
Qn prntn`hn qun tehes ces bcug`es y bcug`bs punhb` pbrtlalpbr n` ces oundes, p nre qun abhb u`e punhb sndulr su rltge hn trbfboe bvb`zb`he sndÿ` sus peslflclhbhns.
Bonhrnz e`cl`n. Fume62 ns u`b rnh sealbc y acuf hn oundes guctloudbher.
De. Zeslfcngn`tn nc ounde hn tbfcnre gâs b`tldóe. Bsealbalñ` nspbòecb hn De
Xb`drbg . Vegpnafnzbs Aml`e.
Nc ounde hnc 2>. N` nstn n`cban punhns oudbr. brtlcuhles
Xerrn hn Mb`el. Oundb n` brtlcuhles
Nsabpb hnc btbsae. Xml`kiu`
Ameaecbtn Ilx. Ilx. Xml`kiu`
Gb`abcb.. Ounde hn tbfcnre birlab`e. Gb`abcb
CNDE.. Oundes hn ae`struaalñ` pbrb tehbs cbs nhbhns (guames preinsle`bcns hn cb l`dn`lnrlb CNDE y hn cb ae`struaalñ` utlclzb` cbs plnzbs Cnde pbrb hlsnòbr y gbquntbs) y ae` drb` ab`tlhbh hn tngâtlabs (l`acuyn`he per nongpce refñtlab). Zbrb ces qun qulnrb` nstbr bc hçb hn ce uctlge, nstn ns u` Fced guy l`tnrnsb`tn. Xmn Fretmnrs Frlak
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Zreynate arnbtlve guctlaegpntn`albc Gbtns+XLA y Brtn B`b Dbcl`he
GBXNVLBCNQ
•
Qn l`acuyn` ces slduln`tns oundes?
Zuzzcns, Xrns n` rbyb, Aubtre n` rbyb, Arnbter,
Hegl`ñ, etres oundes vbrlbhes sncnaale`bhes hn gbtnrlbcns hn cb nhlterlbc BKBC y bhbptbhes b sus preplbs `nanslhbhns.
mttp?//bhldltbc.p`tla.gna. ns/~brbge/bh lvl`b/bhlvl`b.mtg Bhlvl`b`zbs pbrb `lòes.
mttp?//www.ndlptecedlb.a eg/`l`yes/h nibuct.mtg Mlsterlb hn ces ndlpales, aun`tes y cnyn`hbs b`tldubs, nta. pbrb `lòes.
mttp?//rnhnsaecbr.lcan.nhu.gx/r nhnsaecbr/ batUpnrgb`n`tns/gbtn/gbtn6k.mt g Oundes hn aâcauce gn`tbc. Hnsbrrecce hn mbflclhbh `ugìrlab
mttp?//www.ae`tn`l hes.aeg/ n`trntn`lgln`tes/ aecerns/aecer/megn/ibfr lab.mtg Tnf pbrb nstlgucbr cb arnbtlvlhbh n`trn ces gâs pnqunòes mttp?//www.gb`sle`l` dcns.aeg/
mttp?//mbggl`ko.abinpredrnsslvn. aeg/flcl`dun.mt gc Tnf ae` n`cbans b sltles n` nspbòec n l`dcìs. N`cban flcl`dón pbrb `lòes y preinserns
Zertbc n` nspbòec pbrb bprn`hnr l`dcìs. Drbgâtlab, nonralales, prâatlab, veabfucbrle, nta. N`cban flcl`dón