2.3 analisis de movimiento en las operaciones.docx

INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO SUPERIOR ACAYUCAN INGENIERIA EN GESTION EMPRESARIAL

INGENIERIA DE PROCESOS MARTHA YARELI YARELI DEL ANGEL MENDOZA

INVESTIGACION: 2.3 ANALISIS DE MOVIMIENTO EN LAS OPERACIONES

INTEGRANTES: SANDRA LUZ CRUZ CRUZ MIA ITZEL PASTOR MENDOZA JESUHA NATANAHEL NATANAHEL CASTRO CA STRO ACOSTA

GRUPO: 505 – F

 ACAYUCAN,  ACAYUCAN, VER.

SABATINO SABATINO

! –OCTUBRE" 20#

2.3." AN$LISIS AN$LISIS DE MOVIMIENTOS MOVIMIENTOS EN LAS OPERACIONES E% &'()*' &+- &+'+ *+''-%%+' *% /*)+ * */++' %+ (1(*/* -4*'+(-*: . L+ &'-/(( &'-/((+ + &** *%*+'* *%*+'* +)*/+ +)*/+- *% /'+4+6/'+4+6- *7*/( *7*/(- * %+ )+- * -4'+ 8 )+9(+'(+, 1'+(+ +% */(- *&*7(- * %+ +/((+* '*+%(;++ * *% /'+4+6-. 2. C+- * */(+ */(+ *&*7( *&*7(+)*/ +)*/* * *% /'+4+6/'+4+6- </(%(;+</(%(;+-  (+1'+)+ (+1'+)+ 9* *'(4+: *'(4+: %+ +/((+* *% 7%6- * &*'-+%, )+/*'(+%*, )+9(+'(+ 8 &'-/- * *% *&+(7(- * %+ &%+/+= + -)- %+ *'(&(> * ++ + * %+ -&*'+(-* 9* -)&-* *% &'-*-?, '*%/+ 7@(% -4/**' + '+(-1'+7+ * %- 9* * +* 8 *% >)- * +*, 4'(+- + %+ -&(> * (*/(7(+' %+ -&-'/(+* * )*6-'+ * *% &'-*-.

E% +@%(( * -&*'+(-* -&*'+(-* * *% &'-*()(*/&'-*()(*/- *)&%*+- &-' *% I1*(*'- * M/-- &+'+ ++%(;+' /-- %- *%*)*/- &'-/(- 8 - &'-/(- * + -&*'+(> - (/+ +  )*6-'+)(*/-. E/* &'-*()(*/- * /+ *7*/(- * %+ &%+(7(+(> * *- */'- * /'+4+6- -)- * *% )*6-'+)(*/- * %- 8+ *(/*/*. E% &+- (1(*/* * %+ &'**/+(> * %- *- * 7-')+ *  (+1'+)+ * -&*'+(-* - * '- * &'-*- * %+ (*/(1+(> * %- *7-9* *% +@%(( * -&*'+(>. E/* )-)*/- * 9* * *7*/+ '*+%)*/* *% +@%(( 8 * -'*/+ %- +&*/- - -)&-*/* *% )/-- 9* * + + &'-&-*'. E% &'()*' &'()*' &+- * -4/**' -4/**' /-+ %+ (7-')+(> (7-')+(> '*%+(-++ '*%+(-++ -: -%)* -%)* * /'+4+6/'+4+6&'*(/-, &'*(/-, '+(> '+(> *% /'+4+6/'+4+6- &-(4( &-(4(%(+ %(+ * +)4(- +)4(- *% *% (*- 8 -/*(-/*(- * -4'+. P+' P+'+ */ */*')( *')(+ +'' + +//- /(*)& (*)&- 8 *7 *7*' *';;- * *4* *4*  * *( *(+' +' + )*6 )*6-'+'  -'+'   )/-- +/+% - &%+*+'  ** - /'+4+6-. L*1L*1- * '** '** %+ (7-' (7-')+ )+( (> > * )+7 )+7+/ +/'+ '+ * %+ +% +% (% (%8 8*: *: -&*'+ -&*'+( (-* -*, , (/ (/+%+ +%+( (-* -*, , /'+ /'+& &-'/ -'/*, *, (/ (/+ +( (+, +, (& (&* *( (- -*, *, +%)+ +%)+* ** * 8 /(*) /(*)&&-, , %+ +% *4*'@ &'**/+'* * 7-')+ +*++ 8 + 7-')+ )*(+/* *% (+1'+)+ * '- *% &'-*-.

  E% ++%(/+ *4* * '*(+' %- (+1'+)+ * -&*'+(-* 8 '*&-*' + +'(+ &'*1/+: 

P-' 9 * **+'(+ */+ -&*'+(>



P-' 9 */+ -&*'+(> * '*+%(;+ * */+ )+*'+



P-' 9 - /+ &*9*+ */+ /-%*'+(+



P-' 9 * *&*(7(> */* )+/*'(+%



P-' 9 * +(1- */* /(&- * -&*'+'(- &+'+ +*' */* /'+4+6-

E% &-' 9 1(*'* **1(+ -/'+ &'*1/+, */'* *%%+ 

C>)- &** )*6-'+'* */+ -&*'+(>



( &** '*+%(;+' )*6-' */+ -&*'+(>



D>* &** '*+%(;+'* */+ -&*'+(> - )*-' -/- - +%(+ )+ +%/+



C@- *4* * '*+%(;+'* %+ -&*'+(> &+'+ )(()(;+' *% )+*6- * )+/*'(+%*

S* '*-)(*+ /-)+' ++ &+- *% )/-- +/+% 8 ++%(;+'%- /*(*- * )*/*  *7-9* %+'- 8 *&*(7(- +(+ *% )*6-'+)(*/-, %*1- *1(' *% )()- &'-*()(*/- %+ -&*'+(-* * (&*(-*, /'+%++-, +%)+*+)(*/-, */., (1(*/* *1 * ((+ *% (+1'+)+ * 7%6-. D*& * ++ 9* ++ *%*)*/- + (- ++%(;+-, -(** -(*'+' * -6/- *% &'-/- * */(- * *; * -)&-*/* *%*)*/+%* 8 '*-(*'+' %- &/- * +@%(( - (/+ +(+ %+ &-(4(%(+ * )*6-'+' 1%-4+%*.

PUNTOS CLAVE EN EL AN$LISIS DE LA OPERACIN. 

U* *% +@%(( * %+ -&*'+(> &+'+ )*6-'+' *% )/--.



C*/'* %+ +/*(> * *% &'-&>(/- * %+ -&*'+(> &'*1/+- &-'9*.



C*/'*  *7-9* * (*-,)+/*'(+%* /-%*'+(+, &'-*- 8 *''+)(*/+

&'*1/+- -)-. 

D('(6+ +% -&*'+'(- 8 *% (*- *% /'+4+6- &'*1/+- + 9(*.



C-/'** * %+ (/'(4(> * &%+/+ &'*1/+- -*.



E+)(* - */+%%* %+ **(+ * )+7+/'+ &'*1/+- +-.



S(*)&'* (/*/* ()&%(7(+', -)4(+- 8 '*+''*1%+- %+ -&*'+ (-*.

FACTORES UE DETIENEN O RETARDAN LAS ACTIVIDADES DE MEJORAMIENTO CONTINUO. . D*--()(*/- *% &'-1'+)+ &-' /-- %- *)&%*+-. 2. N- -)&'**' &-'9* 8 -)- * +*. 3. A(*/'+)(*/- (7((*/* - (*7*/(-. !. P%+*+)(*/- (+*+- +/* * +' (((- +% &'-1'+)+. 5. F+%/+ * --&*'+(> */'* @'*+ 7(-+%*. #. F+%/+ * --'(+(> 7(-+%* &-' *9(&-. . R*(/*(+ +% +)4(- &-' &+'/* * %+ +)((/'+(> + (*% )*(-. K. C+'*(+ * +&/(/* * %(*'+;1- &-' *% +)4(- * %/'+.

.M/-- *% +@%(( * %+ -&*'+(>." L- (*; *7-9* &'()+'(- *% +@%(( * %+ -&*'+(>: F(+%(+ * %+ -&*'+(>,  D(*- * %+ &(*;+, T-%*'+(+ 8 *&*(7(+(-*, M+/*'(+%, P'*&+'+(> 8 *''+)*/+%, C-((-* * /'+4+6-,

M+*6- * )+/*'(+%*, D(/'(4(> *% *9(&- * %+ &%+/+, P'((&(- * %+ *--)+ * )-()(*/-,

LOS DIEZ ENFOUES DEL AN$LISIS DE LA OPERACIN. . FINALIDAD DE LA OPERACIN. E *% &+- )+ ()&-'/+/*, %+ )*6-' )+*'+ * ()&%(7(+' + -&*'+(> * 7-')%+'  + )+*'+ * -4/**' %- )()- '*%/+- - )*6-'* ( -/- +((-+%. U+ '*1%+ &'()-'(+% + -4*'+' * /'+/+' * *%()(+' - -)4(+'  -&*'+(> +/* * )*6-'+'%+. L+ -&*'+(-* (**+'(+ - 7'**/*)*/* '*%/+- * + &%+*+(- (+&'-&(++ * *% )-)*/- * (((+' *% /'+4+6-.E/+ &** -'(1(+'* &-'  %+ *6*(> (+&'-&(++ * + -&*'+(> &'*(+ - +- * (/'-* + -&*'+(> &+'+ 7+(%(/+' -/'+ 9* %* (1*.

2. DISEO DE LA PIEZA. U 4* I1*(*'- * M/-- *4* * '*(+' /-- %- (*- * 4+ * )*6-'+ &-(4%*. L- (*- - - &*')+*/* 8 &** +)4(+'* 8 ( '*%/+  )*6-'+)(*/- 8 %+ ()&-'/+(+ *% /'+4+6- (1(7(+/(+, */-* * *4* '*+%(;+' *% +)4(-.  A%1+ ((+(-* (*- * -/- )*-': 











R*(' *% )*'- * &+'/*, ()&%(7(+- *% (*-. R*(' *% )*'- * -&*'+(-* 8 %+ )+1(/ * %- '*-''(- * %+ 7+4'(+(-* (*- )*6-' %+ &+'/* 8 +(*- )+ 7@(%* *% ++4+- + )+9(+ 8 *% *+)4%*. U/(%(;+' )*6-' )+/*'(+%. L(4*'+' %+ /-%*'+(+ 8 -7(+' * %+ *+/(/ * %+ -&*'+(-*. L+ ()&%(7(+(> *% (*- * &** +)&%(7(+' /+/- +  &'-*- -)- +  &'-/-. L- (1(*/* '(/*'(- * +&%(+ + *% *+''-%%- * 7-')+: M+/**' %+ ()&%((+ * %+ 7-')+, -*'+- %+ +/(+ **+'(+ * (7-')+(> * */'++ <*'(/'+ + )+-, )*+-1'+7+, &'-*+-' * &+%+4'+? *  )()-. D*6+' *&+(- +)&%(- &+'+ ++ *%*)*/- * %+ (7-')+(>, &*')(/(*- *% - * (7*'*/* )/-- * */'++.



O'*+' *% &+/'> %>1(- * %+ (7-')+(> * */'++.



C-(7(+' %+ 7-')+ * -%-'* &+'+ 7+(%(/+  (/'(4(>  -'(*/+(>.





D*6+' )+'1** +*+- &+'+ 7+(%(/+' %+ +)&%(+(> * )*(- * +'(- +%*. R*(' %+ 7-')+ &+'+ /*')(+%* * -)&/+-'+, + + -%+ &@1(+.

3. TOLERANCIAS Y ESPECIFICACIONES. S* '*%+(-+ - %+ +%(+ *% &'-/-, + ** * /(** * + (-'&-'+'  *&*(7(+(-* )+ '1(+ * %- **+'(-. E/- * *4* + ** &-' %+ 7+%/+ * --()(*/- * %- -/- * %- &'-/-. E% ++%(/+ * )/-- *4* * --*'  4(* %- */+%%* * -/- 8 */+' -(*/* *% *7*/- 9* %+ '*(> (**+'(+ * %+ /-%*'+(+ - '*+;- &** /**' * *% &'*(- * */+. E -) 9* */* &/- * -(*'* +% '*(+' *% (*-. S(* *)4+'1-, 1**'+%)*/* */- * +*+- 8 -(** -(*'+' *% +/- * %+ /-%*'+(+ 8 *&*(7(+(-* (*&*(*/*)*/* * %- -/'- *7-9* * *% +@%(( * %+ -&*'+(>.  A/+%)*/* %+ '*&'**/+(> 1*-)/'(+ * ()*(-+)(*/- 8 7(6+(> * /-%*'+(+ *  %*1+6* 1'+7- /(- * +)&%(+)*/* /(%(;+- * %+ (/'(+ )+7+/'*'+ 8 -'1+()- 14*'+)*/+%*, -)- )*(- &+'+ *&*(7(+' %+ -7(1'+(> 1*-)/'(+ - 7-')+ *  &(*;+ *  (46- * (1*(*'+. E/+ /(+ /+)4( &'-&-'(> (7-')+(> +*'+ * -)- *4* (&*(-+'* (+ &+'/* + 7( * +*1'+' *% &'-&>(/- *% (*-. P-' -(1(*/*, %+ /-%*'+(+ 1*-)/'(+ &'-&-'(-+ %+ /-%*'+(+ * %+  +'+/*'/(+ 1*-)/'(+ 4@(+: '*/(/, &%+((*, &*'&*(%+'(+, +1%+'(+, '*-*;, (%('((+, &*'7(%, &+'+%*%()-, -*/'((+, -'(*/+(> %-+%(;+-'+ 8 &-((> '*+%. E ()&-'/+/* *+%+' 9* %- (*+-'* /(** + /**(+ +/'+% + */+4%**'  *&*(7(+(-* )+ '(1'-+ * %- **+'(- +- *+''-%%+  &'-/-. G**'+%)*/* * +* &-' - '+;-*: . F+%/+ * -)&'*(> * %- *%*)*/-. 2. L+ '**(+ * 9* * **+'(- *&*(7(+' %+ /-%*'+(+ 8 *&*(7(+(-* )+ */'*+ * %- 9* '*+%)*/* * **+'(- &+'+ +*' 9* %-

*&+'/+)*/- * 7+4'(+(> * +&*1* +% (/*'+%- * /-%*'+(+ '*9*'(-. M*(+/* %+ (*/(1+(> * /-%*'+(+ 8 *&*(7(+(-* 8 %+ ()&%+/+(> * )*(+ -''*/(+ * +- **+'(-, * '** %- -/- * (&*(>, * ()(8* +% )()- *% *&*'((-, * +4+/* %- -/- * '*&+'+(-* 8 * )+/(** * +%/+ +%(+.

!. MATERIAL. E - * %- &'()*'- &/- 9* * *4* * -(*'+', + ** *%* *' (7(% *-1*' *% )+/*'(+% -''*/- *4(- + %+ 1'+ +'(*+ (&-(4%*. L- ++%(/+ * )/-- *4* * *+)(+' %+ (1(*/* &-(4(%(+* &+''+ %- )+/*'(+%* ('*/- * (('*/- /(%(;+- *  &'-*-: B+'  )+/*'(+% )*- -/--. 

E-/'+' )+/*'(+%* )+ 7@(%* * &'-*+'.



E)&%*+' )+/*'(+%* * 7-')+ )+ *->)(+.



U/(%(;+' )+/*'(+%* * **-.



U+' )+ *->)(+)*/* %- )((/'- 8 *''+)(*/+.



E/++'(;+' %- )+/*'(+%*.



B+' *% )*6-' &'-**-' ** *% &/- * (/+ *% &'*(- 8 '/((&-(4%*.

5. PROCESO DE MANUFACTURA. P+'+ *% )*6-'+)(*/- * %- &'-*- * )+7+/'+ +8 9* *7*/+'  + (*/(1+(> * +/'- +&*/-:

. A% +)4(- * + -&*'+(>, -(*'+' %- &-(4%* *7*/- -4'* %+ -/'+ -&*'+(-*.  * -&*'+(-*? 2. M*+(;+(> * %+ -&*'+(-* )++%*. 3. U/(%(;+(> * %+ )*6-'* )+9(+ 8 * %+ -&*'+(-* )*@(+ * %+ )+*'+ )+ *7((*/*.

*''+)(*/+

!. O&*'+(> )+ *7((*/* * %- (&-(/(- * (/+%+(-* )*@(+.  E% /(*)&- *(+- +% &'-*- * )+7+/'+ * ((* * /'* &+-: 

P%+*+(> 8 -/'-% * (*/+'(-.



O&*'+(> * '*&+'+(>.



M+7+/'+ * &'-*-

#. PREPARACIN Y HERRAMENTAL. E% *%*)*/- )+ ()&-'/+/* + -(*'+' * /-- %- /(&- * *''+)(*/+ 8 &'*&+'+(> * *% *->)(-.

L+ +/(+ *''+)*/+% )+ */+6-+ *&** *: 

L+ +/(+ * &(*;+ + &'-('.



L+ &-(4(%(+ * '*&*/((> *% &*(-.



L+ )+- * -4'+ 9* * '*9(*'*.



L+ -((-* * */'*1+.



E% +&(/+% **+'(-.

C+- * +4%+ * /(*)&- * &'*&+'+(> * (%8* *%*)*/- -)- %%*1+' +% /'+4+6-, '*(4(' (/'(-*, (46-, *''+)(*/+ 8 )+/*'(+%*= &'*&+'+'  %+ */+(> * /'+4+6- &+'+ (((+' %+ &'-(> * %+ 7-')+ &'*'(/+. P+'+ )*6-'+' %- )/--, * *4* * ++%(;+ %+ &'*&+'+(> 8 %+ *''+)(*/+ &+'+: 

R*(' *% /(*)&- * &'*&+'+(> - &%+*+(>, )/-- 8 -/'-% * %+ &'-(>.



U+' /-+ %+ +&+(+ * %+ )+9(+.



U+' *''+)(*/+ )+ *7((*/*.



C-)4(+' *''+)(*/+.

. CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO. E/+ -)&'-4+- 9* */+4%*()(*/- 9* )+/(** * 4*+ -((-* * /'+4+6- -4'*&++ * &'-(> + %- 9* 9* +'** * *%%+. P-' %- 9* +8  4**7((- *->)(- 9* * -4/(** * %+ (*'(> * )+/**' 4*+ -((-* * /'+4+6-. A%1+ -(*'+(-* &+'+ %-1'+' )*6-'* -((-* * /'+4+6-: 

M*6-'+)(*/- *% +%)4'+-.



C-/'-% * %+ /*)&*'+/'+.



V*/(%+(> +*++.



C-/'-% * '(-.



P'-)-(> *% -'*, %()&(*;+ 8 *% (+- * %- %-+%*.



E%()(+(> * *%*)*/- (''(/+/* 8 -(- -)- &-%-, )-, +&-'*, 1+* 8 (*4%+.



P'-/*(> * %- &/- * &*%(1'- -)- (/(- * -'/* 8 * /'+)((> * )-()(*/-.



D-/+(> *% *9(&- **+'(- * *9(&- * &'-/*(> &*'-+%.



O'1+(;+' 8 +*' )&%('  &'-1'+)+ +*+- * &'()*'- +(%(-.

K. MANEJO DE MATERIALES. E )-()(*/-, /'+%+-, +%)+*+)(*/-, -/'-% 8 &'-/*(> * )+/*'(+%* 8 &'-/- + %- %+'1- *  &'-*- * 7+4'(+(> 8 (/'(4(>.  L+ -(*'+(-* + /-)+' * +/+ 9( -: /(*)&-, %1+', +/(+ 8 *&+(-. 









E% )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* *4* +*1'+' 9* %+ &+'/*, )+/*'(+ &'()+, 8 )+/*'(+% * &'-*-, &'-/- /*')(+- 8 )((/'- 9* * *&%+* &*'(>(+)*/* * %1+' + %1+'. C-)- ++ -&*'+(> *% &'-*- '*9(*'* )+/*'(+%* 8 )((/'- + /(*)&- *  &/- * &+'/(%+', *% *7(+; )+*6- * %- )+/*'(+%* +*1'+ 9* (1 &'-*- * &'-(> - +'(- *'+ +7*/+- &-' %+ %%*1++ -&-'/+ *% )+/*'(+% - *)+(+- +/((&++ - )8 /+'+. E% )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* *4* +*1'+' 9* *% &*'-+% */'*1* *% )+/*'(+% * *% %1+' -''*/-. E% )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* *4* +*1'+' 9* %- )+/*'(+%* *+ */'*1+- * ++ %1+' ( 1 +- * %+ +/(+ -''*/+. E% )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* *4* -(*'+' *% *&+(- &+'+ +%)+*+)(*/-, /+/-)- /*)&-'+% -)- &-/*(+%.

S* *4* * -(*'+' %- (1(*/* &/- &+'+ '*(' *% /(*)&- *(+-

+%

)+*6- * )+/*'(+%*: 









R*(' *% /(*)&- *(+- '*-1*' *% )+/*'(+%, )(()(;+' *% )+/*'(+%, )(()(;+'  *% )+*6- )++% -/-- 8 ++- * %+ )+9(+ - */'- * /'+4+6-. D+ +% -&*'+'(- %+ -&-'/(+ * +*'  /'+4+6- )+ '@&(-, - )*-' 7+/(1+ 8 )+8-' *1'(+. U+' *9(&- )*+(;+- - +/-)@/(-: )*+(;+' *% )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* +( (*)&'* '** -/- * )+- * -4'+ 8 %- +- + %- )+/*'(+%*, )*6-'+ %+ *1'(+, +%((+ %+ 7+/(1+ 8 +)*/+ %+ &'-(>, ( *)4+'1- * *4* /**' *% (+- * *%*(-+' *% *9(&- 8 %- )/--. U/(%(;+' %+ (/+%+(-* * )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* *(/*/*: /+/%- )/-- -)- *% *9(&- *4* * /**' 7%*(4(%(+ &+'+ '*+%(;+' + +'(*+ * /+'*+ * )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* - -((-* +'(+4%*. M+*6+' %- )+/*'(+%* - )+ (+-: (*/(1+(-* ((+ 9* *'+ *% !0 * %- +(*/* * %+ &%+/+ -''* '+/* %+ -&*'+(-* *% )+*6* )+/*'(+%*, * */- 25 - ++- &-' %*+/+)(*/- 8 +)4(- *% %1+'  *% )+/*'(+%. U )*6-' )+*6- * )+/*'(+%* '** %- +- +% &'-/-. C-(*'+' %+ +&%(+(> * >(1- * 4+''+ &+'+ %- (*/+'(-: */* )/-- + +-'/+- %+ -%+ * %+ +6+ * %- &*')*'+- 8 *(/* 5 '+;-* &+'+  6/(7(+'%+: *+/(/, **)&*-, +*&/+(>, 4+6- -/- 8 &-'/+4(%(+.

. DISTRIBUCIN DEL EUIPO EN PLANTA. E% -46*/(- &'((&+% * + (/'(4(> * &%+/+ *7*/(+ * *+''-%%+'  (/*)+ * &'-(> 9* &*')(/+ %+ )+7+/'+ *% )*'- **+- * &'-/-, - %+ +%(+ **++ +% )*- -/-.A4+'+ %+ /+'6*/+ * -&*'+(> 8 -/'-% * (*/+'(-, )+*6- * )+/*'(+%*, &'-1'+)+(>, *+)(+)(*/- 8 '*-''(- 8 *&+- * /'+4+6-. TIPOS DE DISTRIBUCIN: 



D(/'(4(> * %(*+: %+ )+9(+'(+ * %-+%(;+ * /+% )+*'+ 9* *% 7%6* + -&*'+(> + %+ (1(*/* * )(()(;+ &+'+ +%9(*' 1'&- * &'-/-. E -) * (*'/+ -&*'+(-* * &'-(> * )++. D(/'(4(> &-' &'-/-: **(/+ + (*'(> (((+% )+8-' 8+ 9* '*9(*'* %(*+ * *'((- &%(++ -)- *% +('*, +1+ 1+, */. L+ (+/(7+(> * %-

*)&%*+- &** *' 1'+*. 

D(/'(4(> &-' &'-*-: E */* +1'&+)(*/- * (/+%+(-* ()(%+'*. T(** %+ +&+'(*(+ * %()&(*;+ 8 -'*, 8 /(** + &'-)-*' %- *)&%*+-, -)*/+6+ /(** %+ &-(4(%(+ * /'+&-'/* %+'1- 8 '*1'*- -/+/*.

S( ()&-'/+' *% /(&* (/'(4(>, */+ %+ (1(*/* -(*'+(-*: 















*

*4*

/-)+'

*

P'-(> * *'(*: *% )+/*'(+% 9* * +)%* +% %+- * + */+(> * /'+4+6-, *4* */+' * -((-* * */'+' + %+ (1(*/* -&*'+(>. P'-(> (*'(7(++: S* *4* &*')(/(' /'+%+- -'/-, *% )+/*'(+% *4* */+' +% +%+* *% -&*'+'(-. E% -&*'+'(- *4* * /**' 7@(% +*- (+% + %+ */+(-* * /'+4+6-, &'((&+%)*/* * %+ *(-* 9* '*9(*'* -/'-%. D(*- * %+ */+(>, *% -&*'+'(- *4* &-*' +)4(+' * &-((> '*1%+')*/*. O&*'+(-* * )+9(+ )%/(&%*: E% *9(&- * *4* +1'&+' +%'**-' *% -&*'+'(-.  A%)+*+)(*/- *7((*/* * &'-/-: S* *4* /**' *% +%)+*+)(*/- * 7-')+ 9* * +)(-'* %+ 49*+ 8 *% -4%* )+*6-. M+8-' *7((*(+ *% -4'*'-: L- (/(- * *'((- *4* */+' *'+ * %+ @'*+ * &'-(>. E %+ -7((+, * *4* * /**' + *&+'+(> */'* *)&%*+- * +% )*- .5 ).

0. PRINCIPIOS DE LA ECONOMA DE MOVIMIENTOS. F*'- *+''-%%+- &-' %- G(%4'*/ 8 -)&%*/+- &-' R+%& B+'*. E/+ %*8* - /-+ +&%(+4%* + +%9(*' /(&- * /'+4+6-, )+ - /-- - +&%(+4%* &+'+ +

%+4-' * *&*(7(-, * +1'&+ * /'* 4(((-* 4@(+ %+ +%* -: 

 A&%(+(> 8 - *% *'&- )+-



 A''*1%- *% @'*+ * /'+4+6D(*- * *''+)(*/+ 8 *9(&-.



 APLICACIN Y USO DEL CUERPO HUMANO . A)4+ )+- *4* -)*;+' 8 /*')(+' ()%/@*+)*/* %- *%*)*/- (((-* 4@(+ * /'+4+6-, 8 - *4* */+' (+/(+ +% )()- /(*)&-, **&/- '+/* %- &*'(-- * *+-. 2.

L- )-()(*/- * %+ )+- *4* *' ()/'(- 8 *7*/+'* ()%/@*+)*/* +% +%*6+'* *% *'&- 8 +*'@-* + /*.

3. S(*)&'* 9* *+ &-(4%* *4* +&'-*+'* *% ()&%- - )&*/ 7(- -)+8+ +% -&*'+-', 8 '*('* +  )()- +- +8+ 9* *' -/'+''*/+)*(+/*  *7*';- )%+'. !. S- &'*7*'(4%* %- )-()(*/- -/(- * %*+ '+ * *; * %- '*/(%*- 9* ()&%(9* +)4(- * ('*(> '*&*/(- 8 4'-. 5. D*4* *)&%*+'* *% )*-' )*'- * *%*)*/- - /*'4%(1, 8 /- * *4* %()(/+' + %- *% )@ 4+6- -'* - %+(7(+(> &-(4%*. E/+ %+(7(+(-*, */@ * -'* +**/* *% /(*)&- 8 *% *7*';- '*9*'(- &+'+ %%*+'%+ + +4- 8 -: +?M-()(*/- * *-. 4?M-()(*/- * *- 8 )*+. ?M-()(*/- * *-= )*+ 8 +/*4'+;-. ?M-()(*/- * *-, )*+, +/*4'+;- 8 4'+;-. *?M-()(*/- * *-, )*+, +/*4'+;-, 4'+;- 8 /-- *% *'&-. #. D*4* &'-'+'* 9* /-- /'+4+6- 9* &*+ +*'* - %- &(* * *6*/* +% )()- /(*)&- 9* *% *7*/+- - %+ )+-. H+8 9* '*--*', ( *)4+'1-, 9* %- )-()(*/- ()%/@*- * &(* 8 )+- - (7(%* * '*+%(;+'.  . L- *- -'(+% 8 &%1+' - %- )@ 7*'/* &+'+ *% /'+4+6-. E% (*, *% +%+' 8 *% )*(9* - &** -&-'/+' - )+*6+' +'1+ -(*'+4%* &-' %+'1- /(*)&-.

K.L- &(* - &** +(-+' &*+%* *7((*/*)*/* +- *% -&*'+'(- */@ * &(*. . L- )-()(*/- * /-'(> *4* '*+%(;+'* - %- -- 7%*(-+-. 0. P+'+ +(' *''+)(*/+ *4* *)&%*+'* %+ 7+%+1*, - *1)*/- * %- *-, )@ *'+- + %+ &+%)+ * %+ )+-.

ARREGLO DEL $REA DE TRABAJO . D*4* */(+'* (/(- 7(6- &+'+ /-+ *''+)(*/+ 8 /-- )+/*'(+%, + 7( * &*')(/(' %+ )*6-' **(+ * -&*'+(-* 8 *%()(+' - '*('  %- /*'4%(1 4+' 8 *%*(-+'. 2. H+8 9* /(%(;+' *&>(/- - +%()*/+(> &-' 1'+*+ 8 */'*1+ &-' ++ *%(;+)(*/- &+'+ '*(' %- /(*)&- * +%+;+' 8 )-*'= +()()-, -(** (&-*' * *&%-'*, (*)&'* 9* *+ &-(4%*, &+'+ '*/('+' +/-)@/(+)*/* %+ &(*;+ ++4++. 3. T-- %- )+/*'(+%* 8 %+ *''+)(*/+ *4* 4(+'* */'- *% &*')*/'-')+% * /'+4+6-, /+/- * *% &%+- -'(;-/+% -)- * *% *'/(+%. !. C-(** &'-&-'(-+'  +(*/- >)-- +% -&*'+'(-, * 9* *+ &-(4%* /**'  %+ +%/'+ +&'-&(++ &+'+ 9* *% /'+4+6- &*+ %%*+'* + +4- *7((*/*)*/*, +%/*'+- %+ &-((-* * */+- 8 * &(*. 5. S* *4* -/+' - *% +%)4'+-, %+ */(%+(> 8 %+ /*)&*'+/'+ +*+-. #. D*4* /**'* * -(*'+(> %- '*9((/- (+%* - * ((4(%(+ * */+(> * /'+4+6-, &+'+ '*(' +% )()- %+ *(1*(+ * 7(6+(> * %+ (/+. . U 4* '(/)- * **(+% &+'+ %%*+' + +4- +* 8 +/-)@/(+)*/* + -&*'+(>, 8 *% /'+4+6- *4* -'1+(;+'* * )+*'+ 9* &*')(/+ -4/**'  '(/)- 7@(% 8 +/'+% (*)&'* 9* *+ &-(4%*.

DISEO DE HERRAMIENTAS Y EUIPO. . D*4* *7*/+'*, (*)&'* 9* *+ &-(4%*, -&*'+(-* )%/(&%* * %+ *''+)(*/+ -)4(+- - - )@ * *%%+ * + -%+, - 4(* (&-(*-&*'+(> )%/(&%* * %- (&-(/(- +%()*/+-'*, ( 7*'+ *% +- <&-'  *6*)&%-, * /-'- - +''- /'+*'+% 8 * /-''*/+ *+1-+%?. 2. T-+ %+ &+%++, )+(6+, -%+/* 8 -/'- *%*)*/- * )+*6- *4* */+'  7@(%)*/* +*(4%* +% -&*'+'(-, 8 *4* (*+'* * )+*'+ 9* &'-&-'(-* %+ */+6+ )*@(+ )@()+ &-(4%* 8 &*+ /(%(;+'* *% -6/-

)%+' )@ 7*'/*. 3. L+ &(*;+ * /'+4+6- *4* -/**'* * &-((> &-' )*(- * (&-(/(- * 6*(>. !. I*/1** (*)&'* %+ &-(4(%(+ * /(%(;+' *''+)(*/+ )*+(;++ *%/'(+ - *)(+/-)@/(+, */-'(%%+-'* )-/-'(;+- 8 %%+* * /*'+ * *%-(+, */.

E% &+- (1(*/* * *% */(- * %+ +/((+* 9* '*+%(;+ *% -&*'+'(- *  %1+' * /'+4+6-, * *(', %+ *'(&(> *  )-()(*/-. P+'+ */-, * **+'(- */++' 9* *(/* + 1'+ (7*'*(+ */'* %- 9* * +* '*+%)*/* 8 */'* %- 9* * *4*'+ * +*'. L+ (7*'*(+ */'(4+ * %+ *%()(+(> * %- )-()(*/- (**+'(-, *6+- -%+9*%%- &*'/(*/* &+'+ '*+%(;+' %+ -&*'+(> * )+*'+ &'-/(+. L+ ()&-'/+(+ * */* */(- '+(+ *  -)&%*6(+. E(/* + /**(+ +/'+% * '*(/*(+ +% ++(-, */- (1(7(+ 9* %+ &*'-+ 4+ + /-+ -/+ ++'* )*- +% '*+%(;+'  +%1+ +/((+ %+4-'+%. E/+4%**' %+ )*6-' -)4(+(> * )-()(*/- '*9*'(- * + -&*'+(>, * + +/((+ 9* (-%'+ + +'(+ &*'-+. P-' *6*)&%-: A%1(* '*+%(;+'@ %+ +/((+ * */(> <-&*'+-'?= 8 A%1(* )@ %* -4*'+'@ <&*'(-'?.(* -4*'+ *4* /**' %+ +&+(+ * (*/(7(+' (*'/- ((- &-' &+'/* * 9(* '*+%(;+, *4* /'+/+' */-* * *%()(+'%-. P+'+ 9* %+ -)4(+(> * )-()(*/- &'-&*/+ &-' *% &*'(-' *+ &*/+ + &'*4+, %* -''*&-*'@ +% -&*'+-' -''-4-'+' (+ &'-&*/+, 8 * /* &'-*- * &** +7(+' %- )-()(*/- '*9*'(- &+'+ %-1'+' + )*6-' )+*'+ * +*' %+ -+. E/- - &*'-+6* *4*'@ /'+4+6+' ('1(+)*/*, - %+ )+8-' (&-(4(%(+ &-(4%*.

QA/* * *)&'**' *% */(- */+%%+- *  -&*'+'(- 9* *6*/+ + /+'*+ ( )-*'* *  (/(-, * ()&-'/+/* -)&'-4+' ( %+ /+'*+ * '*+%)*/* **+'(+ 8 ( * *6*/+ * %+ 7-')+ +*++.

MOVIMIENTOS FUNDAMENTALES.  A -/(+(> * *&%(+ ++ )-()(*/.." B+'. E *% *%*)*/- 4@(- * %+ -&*'+(> * %-+%(;+'  -46*/-. E %+ &+'/* *% (%- '+/* %+ +% %- -6- - %+ )+- /'+/+ * *-/'+'  -46*/-. C-)(*;+ * *% (/+/* * 9* %- -6- * ('(1* *  (/*/- * %-+%(;+'  -46*/-, 8 /*')(+ * *% (/+/* * 9* * 7(6+ * *% -46*/- *-/'+-.

B+' *  )-()(*/- 9* *% +@%(( *4* /'+/+' * *%()(+' (*)&'*.  L+ */+(-* * /'+4+6- 4(* &%+*++ &*')(/+ 9* *% /'+4+6- * %%** + +4- -/(+)*/*, * )+*'+ 9* - * &'*(- 9* *% -&*'+'(- '*+%(* */* *%*)*/-. P'-&-'(-+' *% (/(- *+/- &+'+ ++ *''+)(*/+ 8 ++ &(*;+ * *% )-- &'@/(- * *%()(+' *% *%*)*/- * 4+ * + */+(> * /'+4+6-. U *)&%*+- *-, - - - 7+)(%(+'(;+- - *% /'+4+6-, /(** 9* *7*/+' -&*'+(-* * 4+ &*'(>(+)*/*, +/+ *+''-%%+' 7((*/* +4(%(+ 8 +(*'/.2." S*%*(-+'. E/* * *% )-()(*/- 9* * *7*/+ +- *% -&*'+'(- /(** 9* *-1*' + &(*;+ **/'* - - )@ *)*6+/*. E/* (1* 1**'+%)*/* +% * 4+' 8 * (7(% */*')(+'*+/+)*/*  )*(+/* *% )/-- */+%%+- * %- )('- )-()(*/- +- /*')(+ %+ 4+ 8 *)&(*;+ %+ *%*(> + ** %+ *%*(> &** *(/(' ( %+ 49*+ -4'* /-- +- * /'+/+ * *+)4%+6* *%*/(- * ** +- *%* (' &'*((+ * %+ (&*(>. L+ *%*(> &** %+(7(+'* /+)4( */'* %- /*'4%(1 (*7((*/* 8 *4* *' *%()(++ *% (%- * /'+4+6- &-' +)*6-' (/'(4(> * %+ */+(> * /'+4+6- 8  )*6-' -/'-% * %+ &(*;+. 3."T-)+' <- +('?. E/* * *% )-()(*/- *%*)*/+% 9* +* %+ )+- +% *''+' %- *- '-*+-+ &(*;+ - &+'/* &+'+ +('%+ * + -&*'+(>. E% /-)+' *  /*'4%(1 *7((*/* 8, &-' %- 1**'+%, -&** *'  *%()(+-, +9* * )- +- * &** )*6-'+'. C-)(*;+ +- %- *- *+ - * +)4+ )+- *)&(*;+ + *''+'* +%'**-' *  -46*/- &+'+ /**' -/'-% * %, 8/*')(+ * *% (/+/* * 9* * %-1'+ (- -/'-%. E% /-)+' +( (*)&'* + &'**(- *+%+;+' 8 *1(- * )-*'. !." A%+;+'. C-''*&-* +% )-()(*/- * + )+- ++, ( '*(/*(+, +(+  -46*/- -'*/('@-%+ * %. A%+;+' &'((&(+ * *% (/+/* * 9* %+ )+- * )** +(+  -46*/- - (/(-,8 7(+%(;+ * +/- * */(** *% )-()(*/- +% %%*1+' +% -46*/- - +% (/(-. E/* *%*)*/- + &'**(-+( (*)&'* *% * -%/+' 8 *1(- *% * /-)+'. E +/'+% 9* *% /(*)&- '*9*'(- &+'++%+;+' *&*+ * %+ (/+(+ '*-''(+ &-' %+ )+-. D(- /(*)&- *&** /+)4(, * (*'/-1'+-, *% /(&- * +%+*.  A%+;+' &** %+(7(+'* -)-  /*'4%(1 -46*/(- 8, 1**'+%)*/*, -&** *' *%()(+- *% (%- * /'+4+6-. S( *)4+'1-, ( &** *' '*(- +-'/+- %+ (/+(+'*9*'(+ &+'+ +%+;+' 8 +4(+(> 7(6+ + %- -46*/-. T*(*- &'**/* */* &'((&(-7+)*/+% &** -4/**'* */+(-* * /'+4+6- * %+ 9* *+ )()- *% /(*)&- * +%+;+'. 5." M-*'. E %+ (((> 4@(+ 9* -''*&-* +% )-()(*/- * %+ )+- - +'1+. E/+ %/()+ &** *' * 7-')+ * &'*(>. M-*' * *-)(> *  &'((&(- /'+&-'/* - +'1+ .C-)(*;+ * +/- %+ )+- - +'1+ * )** +(+  (/(- - 4(+(> 1**'+%, 8 /*')(+ * *% (/+/* * 9* *% )-()(*/- * */(** +% %%*1+' +  */(-. M-*' */@ &'**(- +( (*)&'* * +('  8 *1(- * -%/+' - * -%-+' * &-((>. E% /(*)&- '*9*'(- &+'+ )-*' *&** * %+ (/+(+, *% &*- 9* * )** 8 *% /(&- * )-()(*/-. M-*' *  )-()(*/- -46*/(- 8 * (7(% *%()(+'%- *% (%- * /'+4+6-. C- /--, &** '*('*  /(*)&- * *6*(> +-'/+- %+ (/+(+, +%(1*'+- %+ +'1+ - )*6-'+- *% /(&- * )-()(*/- &-' )*(- * ++%*/+ * 1'+*+ - * /'+&-'/+-'* * *% &/- /*')(+% *% )-()(*/-, * )+*'+ 9* - *+ **+'(- %%*+' )+/*'(+%)*/* *% -46*/- 9* *4*

/'+%++'* +  (/(- *&*(7(-. L+ *&*'(*(+ + -)&'-4+- 9* %+ -&*'+(-* * )-*' - /'+%++'  + + %-+%(;+(> 1**'+% * *7*/+ )@ '@&(+)*/* 9* %+ * )-*' +  (/(- *+/-. #." S-/**'. E/+ * %+ (((> 4@(+ 9* /(** %1+' +- + * %+ - )+- -&-'/+ - *6*'* -/'-% -4'*  -46*/-, )(*/'+ %+ -/'+ )+- *6*/+ /'+4+6- /(%. S-/**' *  (*7((*/* 8 &** *%()(+'*, &-' %- 1**'+%, *% (%- * /'+4+6-, (*+- + &%+/(%%+ - (&-(/(- * 6*(> 9* -/*1+ %+ &(*;+ 9* * /'+4+6+ * *; * /**' 9* *)&%*+' %+ )+-. A*)@, (7(%)*/* * %+ )+ (&-(/(- *7((*/* &+'+ -/**', &-' %- 9* *% ++%(/+ * )/-- *4* */+' (*)&'* +%*'/+ &+'+ *(/+' 9* *% -/**' *+ &+'/* * + +(1+(> * /'+4+6-. E% -/**' -)(*;+ * *% (/+/* * 9* + )+- *6*'* -/'-% -4'* *% -46*/-, 8 /*')(+ * *% )-)*/- * 9* %+ -/'+ -)&%*/+  /'+4+6-4'* *% )()-. U *6*)&%- /&(- * -/**' -''('@ +- %+ )+- (;9(*'+ -/(**  &*'- -  *&@''+1- )(*/'+ %+ -/'+ &-* - *'-+ + /*'+. D'+/* *% )-/+6* * &*'- 8 /*'+, %+ )+(;9(*'+ */+'@ /(%(;+- *% -/**' .." S-%/+'. E/* *%*)*/- * %+ (((> 4@(+ 9* -''* +- *% -&*'+'(- +4+-+ *% -/'-% *% -46*/-. S-%/+' * *% 9* * *6*/+ * *% )@ 4'** /(*)&-, 8 * )8 &-- %- 9* &** +*'* &+'+ +%/*'+' *% /(*)&- * 9* * '*+%(;+ */* -46*/(-. E% -%/+' -)(*;+ * *% )-)*/- * 9* %- *- *)&(*;+ + *&+'+'* * %+ &(*;+ -/*(+, 8 /*')(+ * *% (/+/* * 9* /-- %- *- 9*+ %(4'* * *%%+. E/* + +( (*)&'* &'**(- &-' )-*' - -%-+' * &-((> 8 *1(- &-' +%+;+'  K." C-%-+' * &-((>. E *% *%*)*/- * /'+4+6- 9* -(/* * (/+' - -%-+'  -46*/- * )-- 9* 9** -'(*/+- &'-&(+)*/* *  (/(- *&*7(-. E% -%-+' * &-((> /(** *7*/- -)- + +(%+(> )(*/'+ %+ )+-, - %+ )+-, /'+/+ * (&-*' %+ &(*;+ * )-- 9* *% (1(*/* /'+4+6&** *6*/+'* - )@ 7+(%(+, * *-, -%-+' * &-((> &** *' %+ -)4(+(> * +'(- )-()(*/- )8 '@&(-. E% (/+' + &(*;+ *  +- - )+/'(; *'+  *6*)&%- /&(- * -%-+' * &-((>. P-' %- 1**'+%, */* + &'**(- * )-*' 8 *1(- &-' -%/+'= &'((&(+ * +/- %+ )+-, %+ )+-, 9* -/'-%+ *% -46*/- -)(*;+ + )+(&%+' , -%/*+', 1('+' - *%(;+' %+ &(*;+ &+'+ -'(*/+'%+ +(+ *% (/(- -''*/-, 8 7(+%(;+ /+ &'-/- %+ )+- *)&(** + +%*6+'* *% -46*/.." P'* -%-+' * &-((>. E/* *  *%*)*/- * /'+4+6- 9* -(/* * -%-+'  -46*/- *  (/(&'**/*')(+-, * )+*'+ 9* &*+ /-)+'* 8 *' %%*+- + %+ &-((> * 9* + * *' -/*(+- * **(/*. E% &'* -%-+(> * &-((> -''* 7'**/*)*/* 6/- - -/'-, - * %- +%* *%* *' )-*'. E %+ (((> 4@(+ 9* (&-* + &(*;+ * )+*'+ 9* 9** * &-((> -*(*/* +  %%*1++. E (7(% )*(' *% /(*)&- **+'(- &+'+ */* *%*)*/-, 8+ 9* * 9* (7(%)*/* &** *' +(%+-. L+ &'* -%-+(> * *7*/+ +% +%(*+'  */-'(%%+-' )(*/'+ * )** +/+ *% /-'(%%- 9* * + + +(-+'. 0." I&*(-+'. E/* )-()(*/- *  *%*)*/- (%(- * %+ -&*'+(> &+'+ +*1'+' + +%(+ +*&/+4%* )*(+/* + *'(7(+(> '*1%+' '*+%(;++ &-' *% /'+4+6+-' 9* *7*/+ %+ -&*'+(>. S* %%*+ + +4- + (&*(> +- *% 7( &'((&+% * -)&+'+'  -46*/- +- -  &+/'> - */@+'. G**'+%)*/* - * (7(% (/(1(' +- * /(** ** *%*)*/- * /'+4+6-, 8+ 9* %+ )('++ * 7(6+ * *% -46*/- 8 * -/+ + (%+(> */'* )-()(*/- )(*/'+ %+ )*/* *(* */'* +*&/+' - '*+;+' %+ &(*;+ * */(>. E% /(*)&- **+'(- &+'+ %+ (&*(> *&** &'()+'(+)*/* * %+ '(1'-(+ * %+ -)&+'+(> - *% */@+', 8 * %- 9* %+ &(*;+ * */(> * +&+'/* *% )()-. S(  -&*'+'(- /(*'+ 9* ++' /-+ %+ +(+ +;%* 9* 4(** * + +6+, &*'*'+ )8 &-- /(*)&- * *((' %- 9*

/*'+ 9* +*' - + +(+ '-6+. S( *)4+'1-, ( * 4(*'+ +%%+- + +(+ &'&'+ +4'+ + +(%+(> )@ %+'1+ * *(('* + +*&/+'%+ - '*+;+'%+. ." E+)4%+'. E% *%*)*/- *+)4%+' * %+ (((> 4@(+ 9* -''* +- * '** - &(*;+ *)4-+/*. E -/'- )-()(*/- -46*/(- 8 &** *' )@ 7@(% )*6-'+'%- 9* *%()(+'%-. E% *+)4%+'  *%* (' &'**(- * -%-+' * &-((> - )-*', 8 1**'+%)*/* + *1(- * -%/+'. C-)(*;+ * *% (/+/* * 9* %+ - &(*;+ + (' * &-* * -/+/-, 8 /*')(+ +% -)&%*/@'*%+ (>. 2." D**+)4%+'. E/* *%*)*/- * &'*(+)*/* %- -/'+'(- * *+)4%+'. O''* +- * *&+'+ &(*;+ *)4-+/* (+. E/+ (((> 4@(+ 1**'+%)*/* + &'**(+ * +(' 8 *%* */+' *1(+ &-' )-*' - -%/+'. E% **+)4%* * * +/'+%*;+ -46*/(+ 8 %+ &-(4(%(+* * )*6-'+)(*/- - )@ &'-4+4%* 9* %+ *%()(+(> *% /*'4%(1. E% **+)4%* -)(*;+ * *% )-)*/- * 9* + - +)4+ )+- /(** -/'-% *% -46*/- *& * -1*'%-, 8 /*')(+ + *; 9* 7(+%(;+ *% **+)4%*, 9* 1**'+%)*/* %- *(*(+ *% (((- * )-*' - -%/+'. 3." U+'. E/* )-()(*/- * -)&%*/+)*/* -46*/(- 8 /(** %1+' +- + - %+ - )+- -/'-%+  -46*/-, '+/* %+ &+'/* *% (%- * 9* * *6*/+ /'+4+6- &'-/(-. C+- %+ - )+- -/(** + &(*;+ 7(+ -/'+ + '*+ * *)*'(%, +' *'@ *% 9* ((9* %+ +(> * +)4+ )+-. D*& * 9*  */-'(%%+-' + (- -%-+- * %+ '+'+ * %+ +4*;+ *  /-'(%%-, *% *%*)*/- +' -)*;+'@ * *% (/+/* * 9* *% /-'(%%- -)(** + )-*'* *  +%-6+)(*/-. L+ '+(> * */* *&** * %+ -&*'+(>, + -)- * %+ */'*;+ *% -&*'+'(-. E% +' * */*/+ 7@(%)*/*, 8+ 9* */* )-()(*/- +* &'-1'*+' %+ -&*'+(> +(+  -46*/(- 7(+%. !." D*)-'+ <- '*/'+-? (*(/+4%*. L+ (%+(> (*(/+4%* * + (/*''&(> 9* *% -&*'+'(- - &** *(/+' * %+ -/((+ *% /'+4+6-. C-''*&-* +% /(*)&- )*'/- * *% (%- * /'+4+6- *&*'()*/+- &-'  + - +)4+ )+-, *1 %+ +/'+%*;+ *% &'-*-. P-' *6*)&%-, +-  -&*'+'(- +&%(+  /+%+'-  )+- *'*+ + + &(*;+ -%-++ * + &%+/(%%+, &+'+ %+ )+- (;9(*'+ * &'**/+'+  '*/'+- (*(/+4%*. P*/- 9* *% -&*'+'(- - &** -/'-%+' %+ *)-'+ (*(/+4%*,  *%()(+(> *% (%- '*9(*'* 9* *% &'-*- * +)4(* * +%1+ 7-')+. 5." D*)-'+ <- '*/'+-? *(/+4%*. T-- /(*)&- )*'/- 9* -''* '+/* *% (%- * /'+4+6- 8 *% 9* >%*% -&*'+'(- * '*&-+4%*, (/*(-+% - - (/*(-+%)*/*, * %+(7(+ 4+6- *% -)4'* * *)-'+ '*/'+- *(/+4%*. D* */* )--, (  -&*'+'(- 7'(**  +*- * /- '+/* *% (%- * /'+4+6-, */+ &*(> * %+(7(+ -)- *(/+4%* &-'9* -')+%)*/* - +&+'**'+ * *% (%-. L+ )+8-' &+'/* * %- &-(4%* '*/'+- *(/+4%* &** *' *%()(+- &-' *% -&*'+'(- ( +)4(+' *% &'-*- - *% )/-- * +*' *% /'+4+6-. #." P%+*+'. &%+*+' * *% &'-*- )*/+% 9* -''* +- *% -&*'+'(- * */(** &+'+ */*')(+'  %+ +(> + *1('. P%+*+' &** +&+'**' * +%9(*' */+&+ *% (%- 8 *%* *4'('* 7@(%)*/* * 7-')+ * + +(%+(> - +, *& * +4*' %-+%(;+- /-- %- -)&-*/*. E/* * +'+/*'/(- * %+ +/+(> * %- -&*'+'(- -*%* 8 1**'+%)*/* * *%()(+ *% (%- )*(+/* *% */'*+)(*/- +*+- * */* &*'-+%. ." D*++' <- +*' +%/- * *% /'+4+6-?. E/+ %+* * '*/'+- +&+'** '+'+ *; *  (%- * /'+4+6-, &*'- *%* +&+'**' &*'(>(+)*/* -)- **(+ 9* *&*'()*/+ *% -&*'+'(- * '*&-*'* * %+ 7+/(1+. L+ '+(> *% *+- &+'+ -4'*%%*+' %+ 7+/(1+ +'(+'@, -)- * +/'+%, *1 %+ %+* * /'+4+6- 8 *1 %+ +'+/*'/(+ *% -&*'+'(- 9* %- *6*/+

DIVISIN DE MOVIMIENTOS. E7((*/* - E7*/(-." S- * +/'+%*;+ 7(+ - )%+', *6*)&%-: +%+;+', )-*', -%/+' 8 &'* -%-+' * &-((>. P** *' -46*/(- - -'*/-: +', *+)4%+' 8 **+)4%+'. I*7((*/* - I*7*/(- S- )*/+%* - *)( )*/+%*, *6*)&%-: 4+', *%*(-+', -%-+' * &-((>, (&*(-+' 8 &%+*+'. P** *' '*/+'- - (%+(-*: '*/'+- *(/+4%*, '*/'+- (*(/+4%*, *++' 8 -/**'. T(&- D* M/-- D* E/(-. M/-- -/(-." S* *6+ -''*' *% '->)*/'- )(*/'+ '+ *% */(-. E */+ /(+, *% '->)*/'- * %** * *% &/- /*')(+% * ++ *%*)*/-, )(*/'+ %+ )+*(%%+ */@ * )-()(*/-. E +- * /**'  '->)*/'- *%*/'>(-, * &** &'-&-'(-+'  +%-'  )'(- ()>(%

ESTUDIO DE TIEMPOS.  A/* * *)&'**' *% */(- * /(*)&- +8 9* -(*'+' 4@(+)*/* %- (1(*/* '*9*'()(*/-: ? P+'+ -4/**'  */@+' * **+'(- 9* *% -&*'+'(- -)(* + %+ &*'7*(> %+ /(+ * %+ %+4-'  9* * + + */(+'. 2? E% )/-- + */(+' *4* +4*'* */++'(;+-. 3? E% *)&%*+- *4* +4*' 9* */@ (*- *+%+-, + -)-  &*'(-' 8 %- '*&'**/+/* *% ((+/-. !? E% ++%(/+ *4* */+' +&+(/+- 8 *4* -/+' - /-+ %+ *''+)(*/+ **+'(+ &+'+ R*+%(;+' %+ *+%+(>. 5? E% *9(&+)(*/- *% ++%(/+ *4* -)&'**' +% )*-  '->)*/'-, + &%+(%%+ - 7-')+/- &'* ()&'*- 8 + +%%+-'+. #? E%*)*/- -)&%*)*/+'(- 9* &*')(/*  )*6-' +@%(( - %+ 7(%)+-'+, %+ 1'+4+-'+ 8 * %&-(4%*  '->)*/'- *%*/'>(- 8 + -)&/+-'+ &*'-+%. ? L+ +/(/ *% /'+4+6+-' 8 *% ++%(/+ *4* *' /'+9(%+ 8 *% *1- - *4*'@ *6*'*' &'*(-* -4'* *% &'()*'-.

L- &/- + -(*'+' &+'+ %%*+' + +4- *% */(- * %+ +/((+* 9* '*+%(;+ *% -&*'+'(- *  %1+'  * /'+4+6- - %- (1(*/*:  







P'-&>(/-." (*/(7(+' &+'+ 9 * '*+%(;+ %+ +/((+, )@ *&*7(+)*/* ( * /+ **+'(+= L1+'." */*')(+' ( %+ +/((+ * */(> *4* *6*/+'* '*+%)*/* * >* * */@ '*+%(;+-= S*(>." +*1'+'* * 9* %+ +/((+* * **/'* * -''*/- -'* * +*'- + %+ *(> * -&*'+(-*= P*'-+." +*1'+'* * 9* %+ &*'-+ 9* *6*/+ %+ -&*'+(> * %+ ((++ <9* )&%+ - *% &*'7(% 8 +&+(/++ &+'+ **)&*+'* * *% &*/-?= M*(-." +*1'+'* * -/+' - *% *9(&- * &'-/*(> &*'-+%, )+9(+'(+, *''+)(*/+ 8 )+/*'(+%* **+'(- &+'+ *6*/+' %+ +/((+ * +*'- +% )++% * -&*'+(-* * %+ *)&'*+ 8 + %+ -')+/((+ * %+ '*1(> -''*&-(*/*.

MODELO DE LAS M$UINAS Y HERRAMIENTAS."  A. D*4* *(/+'* 9* %+ )+- */ -&++ -/*(*- %+ &(*;+ +- /+ &*+ 6*/+'* - + &%+(%%+, 4'+;- - (&-(/(- +(-+- &-' *% &(*. B. S(*)&'* 9* *+ &-(4%* *4* -)4(+'* - - )@ *''+)(*/+ .C. S(*)&'* 9* ++ *- '*+%(*  )-()(*/- *&*7(-, -)- &+'+ *'(4(' + )@9(+, *4* (/'(4('* %+ +'1+ * +*'- - %+ +&+(+ (*'*/* + ++ *.D. L- )+1-, -)- %- /(%(;+- * %+ )+(*%+ 8 */-'(%%+-'* 1'+*, *4* (*+'* &+'+ 9* %+ )+8-' +/(+ &-(4%* * &*'7((* */ * -/+/- - %+ )+-. E +%1- * *&*(+% ()&-'/+(+ +- +8 9* *6*'*' )+ 7*';+ -4'* *% )+1-. E. L+ &+%++, 4+''+ ';++ 8 -%+/* * )+- *4* (/+'* * &-((-* 9* &*')(/++% -&*'+'(- )+(&%+'%- -  )()- * +)4(- * &-((> *% *'&- 8  )@()- * */+6+ )*@(+ .

LA DISPOSICIN DEL LUGAR DE TRABAJO Y LA SIMPLIFICACIN DE MOVIMIENTOS.  A%1- -)*/+'(- )@ -4'* %+ (&-((> *% %1+' * /'+4+6:+? S( %+ - )+- '*+%(;+  /'+4+6- +@%-1-, +8 9* &'**' + '**'+ + &+'/* * )+/*'(+%* &(*;+ &+'+ ++ )+.4? C+- * /(%(* %+ (/+ &+'+ *%*(-+' *% )+/*'(+%, /* *4* */+' -%-+- * )+*'+ 9* *% -&*'+'(- &*+ *'%- ( **(+ * )-*' %+ +4*;+ .? E %1+' * + (&-((> *  -%- +'- * '%-, * &'*7*'(4%* /(%(;+' + (&-((> * - +'- * '%-.

? E %+ -*&(> *% %1+' * /'+4+6- *4* +&%(+'* %+ '*1%+ * %+ *'1--)+. P+'+ */+'*, * '*-)(*+ 9* *% &*/- * /'+4+6- /*1+ )+*'+ * +6/+'* &+'+ ++ -&*'+-'. *? L+ +/'+%*;+ 8 %+ 7-')+ *% )+/*'(+% (7%8* *  -%-+(> * *% %1+' * /'+4+6-. P+'+ (/'(4('  *% )+/*'(+%, -(** /(%(;+' (&-(/(- L+ *''+)(*/+ )++%* *4* '*-1*'* +%/*'+- +% )()- *% '(/)- 8 ()*/'+ * %- )-()(*/-. E %- &-(4%*, *% -&*'+'(- *4*'@ '*-1*' - *&-(/+' %+ *''+)(*/+ -7-')* %+ )+- &++ * + 7+* *% /'+4+6- + %+ (1(*/*, ( +*'  '*-''(- *&*(+%. L- )-()(*/- +/'+%* - '- 8 '*/-: %+ *''+)(*/+ *4* -%-+'* * *% +'- *% )-()(*/-, &*'- - * *% +)(- * +%1 )+/*'(+% 9* *+ &'*(- *%(;+' &-' *% 4+- * /'+4+6-

.7? L+ *''+)(*/+ *4* (/+'* * )-- 9* *+ 7@(% '*-1*'%+ 8 -%*'%+ + &-*' *  %1+'= (*)&'* 9* *+ &-(4%* -%*'@ +  (/(- )*(+/*  (&-(/(- +/-)@/(- - +&'-*+- *% )-()(*/- * %+ )+- +- + + '*-1*' %+ &(*;+ (1(*/* * )+/*'(+%. 1? E% /'+4+6- /*')(+- *4*: +. D*6+'* +*' * *'/**'- - *%(;+*'+= 4. S-%/+'* * + '+)&+ +- %+ )+- (((* *% &'()*' )-()(*/- *% (%- (1(*/*= . C-%-+'* *  '*(&(*/* (&*/- * )+*'+ /+%, 9* %- )-()(*/- * %+ )+- 9** '*(- +% )()-= . C-%-+'* *  '*(&(*/* -* *% -&*'+'(- (1(*/* &*+ '*-1*'%- 7@(%)*/*, ( * /'+/+ * + -&*'+(> (/*')*(+ .? E/(** (*)&'* %+ &-(4(%(+ * /(%(;+' &*+%* - &+%++ * '-(%%+ &+'+ +(-+' %- )*+()- * (*''* - 1'++(>, - %- (&-(/(- &+'+ '*/('+' *% /'+4+6- /*')(+-

ANÁLISIS DE MOVIMIENTOS EN LAS OPERACIONES

E/* /*)+ +%%+ 9* + *6+- +%1- *- * *% )/-- * --()(*/- 8+ 9* - + */**' 9* * +%9(*' -'1+(;+(> - +%9(*' )/-- 9* /*1+ + 7(+%(+ * &'-(' - 4'(+' *'((- 8 '*(4(' '*-)&*+ - 1++(+ 9* +4+'+ * 1**'+% *% @)4(/- %+4-'+%, * *+'1+ * */(+' ++ 7(> * (1+% )+*'+ ++ @'*+ 8 /'+4+69* * '*+%(;+ */'- *% +)&- * +@%(( * *% +% * + + ((> * %+ &+'/* 9* +  '*%/+- 4*- - '*+%)*/* - %- *&*'+-. E *(' *% 7(-+)(*/- *% *+''-%%- 9* * '*+%(;+ * )+*'+ -''*/+ - * *6+ * (1+% )+*'+ %+ )((> * */* /*)+ +'@ 8 *'+ * 9 )+*'+ &*'7*(-+' 8 )+*6+' + )+*'+ )@ *7((*/*, 8+ 9* * *% @)4(/- * )*6-'+ * /*'+ + ((> )@ %+'+ * +9*%%- &/- '/(- * *('  *- )-()(*/- (**+'(- 9* &*'6(+ 8 &-' ** )()- +- * + + -%(> * - -4/**' %- '*%/+- **+-. E/* +@%(( 4+ *%()(+' ++ (/+(> (**+'(+ 9* &'--+ &'(+ * /(*)&-, &'(+ * &'-/((+, )@ 9* ++ /(*)&- )*'/- 4+ *' 00  *7((*/*, 4+ %+ )*6-'+ -/(+, )(()(;+' ++ 7(> &*'- ( *6+'%- +*' -''*/+)*/* 8 * )+*'+ 1**'+% 4+ /-)+' %+ )*6-'* *((-* 8+ *+ 7(+(*'+ +)((/'+/(+ 8 * &'-(>.

J*+ N+/++*% C+/'- A-/+

ANALISIS DE MOVIMIENTOS EN LAS OPERACIONES

D'+/* %+ (*/(1+(> * */* /*)+ &*- )*(-+' 9* * - * %- /*)+ 9* + * %+ )+- - -/'+ )+/*'(+ 8+ 9* * '*7(*'* +% +@%(( * %+ -&*'+(-* */'- * + -'1+(;+(> %+ +%  7(+%(+ * &'-(' - &'-&-'(-+' +%1 *'((- * 1**'+%. D* %+ -'1+(;+(> 8- *)&'*+ %+ 7(+%(+ * %-1'+' &'-/((+ %- )@ 9* * &*+ &+'+ -4/**' 4**7((- /+/- &+'+ %+ *)&'*+ -)- &+'+ *% &*'-+% 8+ 9* */'* )@ &'-(> )@ '*/+4(%(+= &+'+ %-1'+' %+ )*/+ * %+ *)&'*+ /(** 9* /-)+'* * */+ +'(- +&*/- %- +%* + * %+ )+- &+'+ %-1'+' *% 7(= * %- +%* &-'  *6*)&%- ++%(;+' %+ 7-'/+%*;+ 8 *4(%(+* /+/- * %+ *)&'*+ -)- * ++ - * %- )(*)4'- * %+ -'1+(;+(>= &+'+ &-*' %-1'+' +-)-+' * (/*1'+' +% &*'-+% *1 %+ +4(%(+* &*'-+%* &+'+ ++ + * %+ 7(-* 9* * *'(+ &+'+ %-1'+' + )+8-' &'-(> 8 %-1'+' 1++(+ *&*'++ &+'+ %+ -'1+(;+(>. E/* +@%(( - 9*+ %+'- 9* &+'+  )*6-' 7(-+)(*/- * %+ &'-/((+ 8 9* */+ * *%** * /**' *% */(- *% /'+4+6- 9* * '*+%(;+ + -)- * %- )+/*'(+%*, )+9(+'(+ 8 )+- * -4'+ */- - %+ 7(+%(+ * /**' + )+8-' &'-/((+ - *7((*(+ 8 *7(+(+. P-' %- /+/- &*- -%(' 9* &-*)- +*' )@ * &-- /(*)&- (*)&'* 8 +- * /*1+  */(- &'*(- *% /'+4+6- 9* * + + '*+%(;+' 8 + %-1'+' &'-/((+.

S+'+ L; C'; C'; 505 F 3 * O/4'* 20#

ANALISIS DE MOVIMIENTOS EN LAS OPERACIONES .

E% *+''-%%- * */* /*)+ - )*/'+ 9* /+ ()&-'/+/* * *% ++%(( * +%9(*' -'1+(;+(- * /'+4+6- - &'*/+(- *  *'((-. E %+ 4+* 7+)*/+% *% *(/- * + *)&'*+. U ++%(/+ /(** %+ /+'*+ * *+''-%%+' * (-+' /*(+ 9* &*')(/+ %-1'+' 8 )+/**' *% *(/- * + -'1+(;+(-, ** *% )+/*'(+% * /'+4+6- +/+ %+ -((-* *% *&+(- * -* * *+''-%%+ (- *'((- - &'-/-. E% /(*)&-, )+/*'(+%, %1+', &*'-+%, --()(*/-, */. S- &/- 9* * *4* ++%(;+' + 7-- &+'+ +( &-*' -4/**'  **%*/* '*%/+-.T-+ */+ -&*'+(-* - &%+* 9* * *+''-%%+ */+ *&*(7(+)*/* (*+- &+'+ -4/**' )+8-' +%(+ 8 +/(+ * (- 4(*, ( + -&*'+(- - */+ +- *% '*/+- **+-, * *4*' *% ++%(/+ - (1*(*'- '*(+' * -* */+ %+ 7+%%+ 8 -''*1('%+ , 8+ *+ '*+-  *- (/*)+ * -&*'+(-* - (-+- %+ 8+ *(/*/* &*'- -  *4(+ )*6-'+ 9* - &*')(/+ -4/**' %- )()- &*'- -  )*-' -/-. L- ++%(( * %+ -&*'+(-* /(**  /(*)&- * '*((- 9* - +''-6+ (7-')+(- )()+ 9* - &*')(/* +4*' * 9* -((-* * **/'+ + *)&'*+ - *'((-, ( * &** )*6-'+' - +- * **+'(- (-+' &+'+ -4/**' )*6-'* '*%/+-.

M(+ I/;*% P+/-' M*-;+. 505 F 3 * -/4'* * 20#