[G.R. No. L-12666. May 22, 1959.] JUAN CLARIDAD, substitute by !RINIDAD "#L$NI$, Plaintiff-Appellant , %. I&A"#L N$'#LLA, Defendant-Appellee Defendant-Appellee.. Me(a)io $. La(isa) *o+ Appellant . I)oe)io Jose . i(ao *o+ Appellee Appellee..
&LLA"U&
1. SALE WITH PACTO DE RETRO; INADEQUACY OF PRICE, NOT GROUND FOR ANNULMENT. — In a sale !"# $a%"& 'e (e"(&, "#e !na'e)*a%+ & "#e $(!%e %ann&" -e %&ns!'e(e' a (&*n' &( ann*ll!n "#e %&n"(a%". T#e $(a%"!%e !s "& !/ a (ela"!0el+ (e'*%e' $(!%e "& a&(' "#e 0en'&( a (e"(& e 0e(+ a%!l!"+ "& (e'ee "#e lan' *nl!2e !n an a-s&l*"e sale #e(e "#e 0en'&(, !n $e(anen"l+ !0!n aa+ #!s $(&$e("+, "(!es "& e", as %&$ensa"!&n, !"s (eal 0al*e. 3. ID.; RIGHT OF 4ENDEE A RETRO TO EN5OY USUFRUCT OF LAND. — T#e a%" "#a" "#e 0en'ee a (e"(& as !0en "#e (!#" "& en6&+ "#e *s*(*%" & "#e lan' '*(!n "#e $e(!&' & (e'e$"!&n, a( (& -e!n a a%"&( a0&(!n an e)*!"a-le &("ae !s an a(*en" !n a0&( &s sale !"# $a%"& 'e (e"(&, &( *s*(*%" !s an eleen" & &ne(s#!$ #!%# !s !n0&l0e' !n a %&n"(a%" & sale.
D#CI&I$N
"AU!I&!A ANG#L$, J. J.//
On A$(!l 37, 1893, s$&*ses L&(en:& Cla(!'a' an' Isa-el T&le e/e%*"e' a 'ee' & sale !"# (!#" "& (e$*(%#ase & a $a(%el & lan' s!"*a"e' !n a&, Ne(&s O%%!'en"al, ! n a0&( & Pa"e(n& A$&saas &n %&n'!"!&n "#a" "#e 0en'&(s a+ (e$*(%#ase "#e sae !"#!n a $e(!&' & 1< +ea(s (& sa!' 'a"e. I" as als& a(ee' "#a" '*(!n "#e $e(!&' & 1< +ea(s "#e 0en'ee a+ en6&+ "#e lan' as *s*(*%"*a(+. On Ma(%# 1<,189=, A$&saas "(anse((e' all #!s (!#"s an' !n"e(es"s !n "#e sale "& Isa-el N&0ella s*-6e%" "& "#e sae %&n'!"!&ns s"!$*la"e' !n "#e %&n"(a%" e/e%*"e' &n A$(!l 37, 1893. On Ma+ 3<, 18>3, "en"+?&*( 'a+s a"e( "#e e/$!(a"!&n & "#e 1>, "#e 0en'&(s a (e"(& 'e$&s!"e' "#e s* & P<<.<< !n 5a$anese n&"es !"# "#e %le(2 & %&*(" & Ne(&s O%%!'en"al -+ a+ & %&ns!na"!&n !n an a""e$" "& (e'ee "#e lan' (& "#e 0en'ee Isa-el N&0ella. In "#e ean"!e, s$&*ses L&(en:& Cla(!'a' an' Isa-el T&le, &(!!nal 0en'&(s a (e"(&, '!e' an' -e%a*se & "#e (e*sal & Isa-el N&0ella "& all& "#e (e'e$"!&n & "#e $(&$e("+ n&"!"#s"an'!n "#e "en'e( & $a+en" "#e+ #a' a'e, "#e #e!(s & sa!' s$&*ses !le' &n Ma(%# 19, 18>> an a%"!&n -e&(e "#e C&*(" & F!(s" Ins"an%e & Ne(&s O%%!'en"al aa!ns" Isa-el N&0ella $(a+!n "#a" "#e la""e( -e &('e(e' "& (e%&n0e+ "#e lan' "& "#e a"e( a%%e$"an%e & "#e 'e$&s!" & P<<.<< "#e+ #a' a'e an' "#a" s#e -e & ('e(e' "& $a+ 'aaes an' %&s"s. On Ma+ 7, 18>>, a"e( '*e "(!al, "#e %&*(", 5*'e F(an%!s%& A(ellan& $(es!'!n, (en'e(e' a 'e%!s!&n '!s!ss!n "#e %&$la!n" an' &('e(!n "#a" "#e 'e$&s!" & P<<.<< a'e -+ "#e $la!n"!s -e (e"*(ne' "& "#e, !"# %&s"s. In '*e "!e, $la!n"!s "&&2 "#e %ase &n a$$eal "& "#e C&*(" & A$$eals, -*" n& a%"!&n "#e(e&n as "a2en *n"!l "#e (e%&('s & "#e %ase e(e 'es"(&+e' as a (es*l" & "#e -a""le & ( l!-e(a"!&n. Pla!n"!s, !ns"ea' & (e%&ns"!"*"!n "#e (e%&('s "#a" e(e 'es"(&+e', !le' &n 5*ne 9, 187< a ne %ase -e&(e "#e sae %&*(" %&0e(!n "#e sae s*-6e%" a""e( as !n "#e &(!!nal %ase. Deen'an" !le' a &"!&n "& '!s!ss &n "#e (&*n' "#a" "#e a%"!&n as -a((e' -+ a $(!&( 6*'en", (ee((!n "& "#e 'e%!s!&n (en'e(e' -+ 5*'e F(an%!s%& A(ellan&. T#!s &"!&n as s*s"a!ne' -+ 5*'e 5&se Te&'&(&, Te&'&(&, S(. !n an &('e( en"e(e' &n A**s" 11, 187<. Pla!n"!s a$$eale' "#!s &('e( "& "#e S*$(ee C&*(" BG.R.N&.L?>3<@, an' &n O%"&-e( 3>, 1873, "#e la""e( (en'e(e' 'e%!s!&n (e0e(s!n "#e &('e( & 5*'e Te&'&(&, S(. S(. an' &('e(!n "#a" "#e %ase -e (ean'e' "& "#e %&*(" -el& &( *("#e( $(&%ee'!ns.
W#!le "#e %ase as $en'!n "(!al &n "#e e(!"s as &('e(e' -+ "#e S*$(ee C&*(", !" as '!s%&0e(e' "#a" "#e (e%&('s & "#e &(!!nal %ase #!%# !n0&l0e' "#e sae $a("!es an' s*-6e%" a""e( e(e n&" 'es"(&+e' an' s&, !n l!ne !"# "#e (*l!n & "#!s C&*(" !n "#e %ase & Na%*a 0. Al&, 89 P#!l., 787; >8 O. Ga:., 9979, -&"# $a("!es !le' a 6&!n" &"!&n $(a+!n &( "#e '!s!ssal & "#e %ase an' &( "#e (e0!0al & "#e &(!!nal Case N&. 7>, !0!n "& $la!n"!s?a$$ellan"s a $e(!&' & 9< 'a+s !"#!n #!%# "& $(esen" a ne (e%&(' &n a$$eal, n&"!%e & a$$eal an' a$$eal -&n' &( ele0a"!&n "& "#e C&*(" & A$$eals. T#!s as '&ne an' s& "#e &(!!nal %ase "#en $en'!n a$$eal !n "#e C&*(" & A$$eals as 'eee' '*l+ (e%&ns"!"*"e' an' s*-!""e' &( 'e%!s!&n !"# "#e &nl+ #!"%# "#a", *$&n e/a!na"!&n & "#e (e%&('s as (e%&ns"!"*"e', !" as &*n' "#a" #!le "#e s"en&(a$#!% n&"es "a2en '*(!n "#e "(!al e(e !n"a%", "#e+ #a0e n&" #&e0e( -een "(ans%(!-e'. An' &n Ma+ 39, 187@, %&ns!'e(!n "#a" "#e &nl+ !ss*e !n0&l0e' !n "#e a$$eal !s &ne & la, "#e C&*(" & A$$eals %e("!!e' "#e %ase "& *s &( a'6*'!%a"!&n *n'e( "#e 5*'!%!a(+ A%" & 18>, as aen'e'. A$$ellan"s %&n"en' "#a" "#e "(!al %&*(" e((e' !n n&" en"e("a!n!n "#e!( %la! "#a" "#e+ #a' &e(e' "& (e$*(%#ase "#e lan' (& a$$ellee s&e"!e !n Ma(%#, 18>3 &( -e&(e "#e e/$!(a"!&n & "#e 1
C*an'& se %&ns!'e(a )*e 5*an Cla(!'a' en Ma(:& 3@, 18>>, %as! '&e an&s 'es$*es 'e e/$!(a( el $la:& $a(a el (e"(a%"&, al &(e%e( la (e%&$(a 'el l&"e en %*es"!&n, #*-& 'e #a%e(se a%&$ana( $&( An"&n!& Canella'a )*e le %&((&-&(&, $a(a $(esen%!a( 0 a"es"!*a( es"e el a%"&, en %a-!&, n! en Ma(:& 'e 18>3 n! en !*al es 'e 18>9, en )*e $(e"en'e #a-e( #e%#& !*al &e("a, n& s&l& 'e6& 'e "&a( !*al & s!!la( $(e%a*%!&n, s!n& )*e n& "&& a-s&l*"aen"e n!n*na, a al"a 'e sa"!sa%"&(!& e/$l!%a%!&n, el 5*:a'& a-(!a se(!as '*'as s&-(e la 0e(a%!'a' 'e s* $(e"ens!&n + 'e%la(a%!&n. Y s! a es"e se ana'e )*e n& #!:& %&ns!na%!& 'e $a&, %*an'&, %&& $(e"en'e, le *e (e%#a:a'a la &e("a en 18>3 & en 18>9, %&sa )*e l& #!:& en 18>> %&n e/"(a? &('!na(!a $(&n"!"*', es"an'& %&& es"a-a el 5*:a'& *n%!&nan'& n&(alen"e en Ma(:& + A-(!l #as"a el 3< 'e Ma+& 'e 18>3 + en "&'& el an& 18>9, el 5*:a'& llea a la %&n%l*s!&n 'e )*e l&s 'ean'an"es n& #!%!e(&n "al &e("a 'e (e%&$(a en 18>3, + al n& #a%e(l&, la 0en"a a (e"(& a a0&( 'e la 'ean'a'a )*e'a %&n0e("!'a 'es$*es 'el 37 'e A-(!l 'e 18>3, en *na 0en"a a-s&l*"a + 'e!n!"!0a. La %&n'*%"a 'e 5*an Cla(!'a' '*(an"e s* "es"!&n!& #a s!'& al"aen"e s*s$e%#&s& $a(a el 5*:a'&; s*s %&n"es"a%!&nes n& e(an es$&n"aneas "en!an la a$a(!en%!a 'e *na a"es"a%!&n e s"*'!a'a + &(:a'a. P&( el %&n"(a(!&, la %&n'*%"a 'e la 'ean'a'a en el -an)*!ll& "es"!!%al esa na"*(al, + s*s 'e%la(a%!&nes s&n, en &$!n!&n 'el 5*:a'&, es$&n"aneas + s!n%e(as + lle0an el sell& 'e la 0e('a'. Ha-!en'& llea'& el 5*:a'& a es"a %&n%l*s!&n, la %&ns!na%!&n BE/#.A #e%#a $&( l&s 'ean'an"es 'el $(e%!& 'e la (e%&$(a *n an& + &n%e eses 'es$*es 'e #a-e( e/$!(a'& el $la:& $a(a el (e"(a%"&, es *na %&ns!na%!&n #e%#a *e(a 'e "!e$&, + $&( "an"& es !$(&%e'en"e. %(ala0!("*a1al!-(a(+
S!n%e "#e !ss*e !n0&l0e' !n "#!s a(eeen" & e((&( !s &ne & a%", &( &ne #!%# !n0&l0es an e0al*a"!&n & "#e e0!'en%e, "#e sae %ann&" n& -e l&&2e' !n"& s!n%e "#!s %ase as %e("!!e' "& *s &n $*(el+ )*es"!&ns & la. I" !s #&e0e( %&n"en'e' "#a" e0en ! !" -e %&ns!'e(e' "#a" a$$ellan"s, &( "#e!( $(e'e%ess&(s !n !n"e(es", #a0e a!le' "& (e'ee "#e lan' !"#!n "#e $e(!&' s"!$*la"e', s*%# a!l*(e !s & n& %&nse)*en%e &( "#e (eas&n "#a" "#e (eal %&n"(a%" en"e(e' !n"& -e"een a$$ellan"s $(e'e%ess&(s !n !n"e(es" an' a$$ellee !s n&" n&ne & sale !"# (!#" "& (e$*(%#ase -*" &nl+ an e)*!"a-le &("ae an' s& a$$ellan"s s#&*l' s"!ll -e all&e' "& (ea%)*!(e "#e $(&$e("+ -+ $a+!n "#e &-l!a"!&n "#a" a+ -e '*e "#e a$$ellee. An' !n s*$$&(" & "#!s %&n"en"!&n, "#e+ a'0an%e "#e &ll&!n a(*en"s B1 !na'e)*a%+ & $(!%e, "#a" !s, "#e $(!%e & "#e sale !s P<<.<< #en "#e lan' s&l' #as an assesse' 0al*e & P1,@1<.<<; B3 "#e 0en'ee a (e"(& as !0en, *n'e( "#e %&n"(a%", "#e *s*(*%" & "#e lan' '*(!n "#e en"!(e $e(!&' & (e'e$"!&n; an' B9 "#e %&n"(a%" e$l&+s "#e S$an!s# "e( 'e0&l0!ese&s #en (ee((!n "& "#e (!#" & "#e 0en'&( a (e"(& "& (e$*(%#ase "#e $(&$e("+. T& -e!n !"#, "#e %&n"en"!&n "#a" "#e %&n"(a%" !n )*es"!&n !n0&l0es e(el+ an e )*!"a-le &("ae !s a -ela"e' &ne &( (!#" al&n a$$ellan"s #a0e ala+s %la!e' "#a" "#e "(ansa%"!&n %&n%l*'e' -+ "#e!( $(e'e%ess&(s !n !n"e(es" !s &ne & sale !"# (!#" "& (e$*(%#ase. T#!s !s -&(ne &*" n&" &nl+ - + "#e &(!!nal %&$la!n" !le' -+ a$$ellan"s $(e'e%ess&(s !n !n"e(es" &n Ma(%# 19, 18>> -*" als& -+ "#e %&$la!n" !le' -+ "#e &n 5*ne 9, 187< #e(e!n "#e sae a0e(en"s & sale !"# (!#" "& (e$*(%#ase a$$ea(. In a%", "#!s !s "#e !ss*e s*-!""e' -+ "#e "& "#e "(!al %&*(" #en "#!s %ase as &(!!nall+ "(!e' an' sa!' %&*(" #el' "#a" "#e allee' %&n"(a%" !s &ne & sale !"# &$"!&n "& (e$*(%#ase. In "#e se%&n' $la%e, "#e %la! (ea('!n !na'e)*a%+ & $(!%e !s !ns*-s"an"!al %&ns!'e(!n "#a" "#e "(ansa%"!&n !n )*es"!&n !s a sale !"# $a%"& 'e (e"(& an' n&" an a-s&l*"e sale. In "(ansa%"!&ns & "#!s na"*(e, "#e $(a%"!%e !s "& !/ a (ela"!0el+ (e'*%e' $(!%e "& a&(' "#e 0en'&( a (e"(& e0e(+ a%!l!"+ "& (e'ee "#e lan' *nl!2e !n an
a-s&l*"e sale #e(e "#e a%"*al a(2e" 0al*e & "#e $(&$e("+ !s %&ns!'e(e'. A" an+ (a"e, s*%# a (e'*%e' $(!%e %ann&" -e %&ns!'e(e' a (&*n' &( ann*ll!n "#e %&n"(a%", as as #el' -+ "#!s C&*(" !n a n*-e( & %ases. T#*s, !n Fel!%!an& 0. L!6*%&, >1 P#!l., 1>@, "#!s C&*(" la!' '&n "#e &ll&!n '&%"(!ne 6%%#an(&-le s.%&.$#
W!"#&*" 'e%!'!n "#a" "#e assesse' 0al*e & a $a(%el & lan' !s !"s "(*e 0al*e &n sale, "#e '!e(en%e -e"een "#e $(!%e & P7<< a(ee' *$&n -+ "#e $a("!es an' "#e assesse' 0al*e & P1,<1< '&es n&", !n "#e a-sen%e & s*!%!en" e0!'en%e & "#e "(*e 0al*e, & !"sel 6*s"!+ "#e ann*len" & a sale !#" "#e (!#" "& (e$*(%#ase. T#e "es"!&n+ & $e(s&ns !n"e(es"e' !n "#e %ase !s n& s*!%!en" $(&& & "#e 0al*e & "#e lan'. T#e $(! %e !/e' !n a sale !"# "#e (!#" "& (e$*(%#ase !s n&" ne%essa(!l+ "#e "(*e 0al*e & "#e lan' s&l'. BDe O%a$& + C*s"&'!& 0. L!, 9 P#!l., 7@8. An' "#!s *s" -e "(*e, -e%a*se !n "#!s 2!n' & sale as '!s"!n*!s#e' (& a-s&l*"e sales !n #!%# "#e 0en'&(, !n $e(anen"l+ !0!n aa+ #!s $(&$e("+, "(!es "& e", as %&$ensa"!&n, !"s (eal 0al*e, "#e #&$e & (e'ee!n "#e lan' s&l' an' "#e a%!l!"+ & (e"*(n!n "#e $(!%e (e%e!0e' a(e !$&("an" a%"&(s an' !n &('e( "#a" "#!s #&$e a+ -e (eal!:e' eas!l+ "#e 0en'&( ene(all+ !/es a $(!%e less "#an "#e (eal 0al*e. 1 F!nall+, "#e a%" "#a" "#e 0en'ee a (e"(& as ! 0en "#e (!#" "& en6&+ "#e *s*(*%" & "#e lan' '*(!n "#e $e(!&' & (e'e$"!&n, a( (& -e!n a a%"&( a0&(!n an e)*!"a-le &("ae, !s an a(*en" !n a0&( & a$$ellees "#e&(+, &( *s*(*%" !s an el een" & &ne(s#!$ #!%# !s !n0&l0e' !n a %&n"(a%" & sale. An' as (ea('s "#e S$an!s# "e( 'e0&l0!ese&s e$l &+e' !n "#e %&n"(a%", a$$ellan"s %la! %ann&" -e & an+ #el$, &( "#a" "e( !n Enl!s# "e(!n&l&+ als& %&n0e+s "#e !'ea & (e$a+en" #!%# !s !n l!ne !"# a (!#" & (e$*(%#ase. W#e(e&(e, "#e 'e%!s!&n a$$eale' (& !s a!(e', !"# %&s"s aa!ns" a$$ellan"s.
