ORÍGENS I CONSOLIDACIÓ DEL CATALANISME (1833-1901) 1.- Els inicis (1830-1880) Arrn !"l !"s"n#$l%&'"n !%n &$"n *%r+"si in!%sril i c$'"rcil, 'ins !"l s. I c$'"nc"n &r/i"r s"ni'"ns #$r*l"s l !"s"n#$l%&'"n !"s"n#$l%&'"n !" n$#"s r"lci$ns '* lEs. A ni#"ll *%r+/s, l cr2ic l c"nrlis'" i "l !"si+ !%n n$# $r!"nci "rri$ril !" lEs &$r"n l cr2ic l c"nrlis'" "s&n4$l, i l !"si+ !" '$rs 5%$"s !%$n$'i. El "!"rlis'" s"r6 r"*% &"r l *%r+"si, 5%" ni#"ll "s&n4$l "l 7ri R"&%*lic6 "!"rl n$ ss%'ir6 l"s "i+/nci"s cln"s i !$&r6 %n &"ril '$l !"s5%"rr"s. D"s !"l 1833 "s c$nsi!"r 5%" sinici l R"ni"n, %n '$#i'"n c%l%rl !"sin !i+niicr l c%l%r cln, "n "s&"cil l ll"n+%, &"r s%&"rr "ls s"+l"s !" 'r+inci (!"s !"l !"cr" !"cr" !" N$# N$# 7ln 7ln). ). L R"ni R"ni"n "n r"i#in r"i#in!ic !icr6 r6 '*: '*: l ;is) >).. Els =$cs =$cs l$rl l$rls, s, c$'&" c$'&"ici ici li"r6 li"r6ri ri cl cln n n% n%l l ?rc" ?rc"l$n l$n '*: '*: c"rc c"rcr6 r6 !i+niicr l ll"n+%. @n+"l G%i'"r6 c$'"nr6 "r "r" !" ni#"ll "n cl6, "r!+%"r "r!+%"r r"inicir6 l +rn &$"si, 7r .- El sl l &$l2ic l"n2 l"n2 Al'irll Valentí Almirall #
inicir-s" &$l2ic'"n !ins "l 7ri R"&%*lic6 "!"rl, &"r< l"scss s"nsi*ili !"l &ri '* "l " cl6 "l &rr-s"n. A &rir !" 1880 Al'irll *%sc %nir $"s l"s insi%ci$ns i $r+nici$ns '* %n *s" clnis. El Centre Català (188) in"nr6 s"r %n $r+nici 5%" #$r"ii 5%"s %ni !cci #$r !" l ll"n+%, "l !r" ci#il cl6, "l &r$"cci$nis'" "c$n<'ic, "c$n<'ic, i l r"$r' !"sc"nrli!$r !" lEs. Al'irll &r$&$sr6 &r$&$sr6 &"r &ri'"r #"+! l cr"ci !%n &ri clnis 5%" "li'in:s "ls &ris !in6sics Cl%n4. Ln4 188F 188F "l Centre Català # &r"s"n &r"s"nrr Al$ns Al$ns II "l M"'$ri M"'$ril l !" Gr"%+"s, Gr"%+"s, $n "s !"n%nci# "l c"nrlis'", "s !"'n# '$r c&ci !c%ci !"s !"l "rri$ri, "s !""ns# "l !r" ci#il cl6> El M"'$ril # &r$&r Al'irll l *%r+"si, &"r< l"s "n!/nci"s &r$+r"ssis"s !Al'irll i "l rc6s !"l '"'$ril #n &r$#$cr 5%" Al'irll i "l C"nr" Cl6 5%"!"ssin '$l $cs. 7"r 1888 "l C"nr" ; !"s&r"+%, !"s&r"+%, i Al'irll 5%"!r6 r"l"+ %n &$sici 'r+inl. S"r6 l i !"l clnis'" !"s5%"rr"s &"r '$l !" "'&s. 3.- Linici Linici !"l clnis'" !" !r""s (188-1901) El rc6s !"l C"nr" '$i#r6 5%" l+%ns !"ls s"%s &rinci&ls &"rs$n+"s ( Verdaguer, Domè Domène nech ch i Mont Montan aner er,, Prat Prat de la Riba Riba… …) $r'in %n n$% +r%& Catalunya r%&, l Lliga de Catalunya 'rc!'"n l !r" !Al'irll. L Lli+ !""nsr6 i+%l'"n l !"s&rici !"ls &is !in6sics Cl%n4, l ll"n+%, "l !r" ci#il cl6 i "l &r$"cci$nis'", &"r< s"ns" !""nsr &$l2i5%"s !" r"$r' s$cil (c$' "l &ri r"&%*lic6 "!"rl). El n$% +r%& r"!c "l Miss+" l r"in r"+"n (1888), &r"s"nn MH Crisin %n &"ici !%$n$'i &"r Cl%n4. El 1889 l Lli+ r"li %n c'&n4 &"r !""nsr "l !r" ci#il cl6 i c$ns"+%"i "#ir l s"# !"r$+ci . S"r6 l &ri'"r #ic
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7rlBl"l'"n l cr"i"'"n !" l Lli+, "s !"s"n#$l%& "l i+nis'", %n clnis'" !" !r""s i cl"ricl, !iri+i &"r Jaume Collell i Josep Moragues. 7"l i+nis'" "l clnis'" ; !" s"r s$cil i c%l%rl'"n c%l%rl'"n c$ns"r#!$r. c$ns"r#!$r. N$':s "l crisinis'" crisinis'" &$!i r"+"n"rr r"+"n"rr l s$ci" cln cln !#n "ls &r$*l"'"s s$cils "is"ns. LEs+l:si "r l +rn !" l"s "ss/nci"s cln"s, i "l cl"r$ s"ri "l &r$+$nis !"l clnis'" D"s&r:s !"l s"% /i r""r"n l !r" ci#il cl6, l Lli+ # $&r &"r %si$nr-s" '* lr"s $r+ni $r+nici$n ci$nss clnis clnis"s "s i $r'r $r'r l Unió Catalanista, '* l$*"ci% !" s$rir !" ?rc"l$n i "s"n!r" l6'*i !cci $ Cl%n4. L ni in!r6 %n 'rc cr6c"r r%rl, &"r< s"r6 c& !'&lir l *s" "l"c$rl !" l Lli+ incl$"n &r$&i"ris r%rls 'ins, c$'"rcins, &r$"ssi$nls li*"r li*"rls ls i in"lB in"lBl"c l"c% %ls. ls. L ni ni # !""ns !""nsr r s"'&r" s"'&r" l$*" l$*"nci nci !%n !%n '&li '&li %$+$ %$+$#"r #"rnn &"r &"r Cl%n4. A5%"s '*ici "s # &ls'r L"s ?s"s !" Mnr"s (189), !$c%'"n 5%" r"c$lli "ls &rinci&is i!"$l<+ics !"l clnis'" &$l2ic i $"ri %n &r$+r' !" r"$r' %$n$'is !" '6i's ) 7l"n s$*irni !" Cl%n4 *) C$'&"/nci"s *s$l%"s *s$l%"s "n '/ri '/ri l"+isli#, "!%cci, "!%cci, %s2ci, $r!r" &J*lic, &J*lic, '$n"!> c) Oicili !"l cl6 !) C6rr"c &J*lics &"ls n%rls ") S"r#"i 'ilir #$l%nri L"s *s"s "ni"n %n cr6c"r '$l rcic, i #$li"n $rnr l si%ci &r/#i l D"cr" !" N$# 7ln i $rnr l si%ci !" c$n"!"rci "nr" l C$r$n !Ar+ i Cs"ll. Ln4 1900 l ni Clnis Clnis "s # c$n#"rir c$n#"rir "n l Unió Regionalista, 5%" !"'n# %n &$l2ic %$n$'is ni#"ll &$l2ic i !'inisri%, r"$r'is'" ni#"ll "sl. L ni, ln4 1901, # &r"s"nr %n cn!i!%r %ni6ri l"s "l"cci$ns l"+isli#"s '* l$*"ci% !" s%&"rr l &$l2ic !in6sic i &r"s"nr cn!i!s clnis"s !" +rn &r"si+i &J*lic ( Albert Rusinyol, luís Domènech i Montaner, !artomeu Robert i "ebasti# $orres) '* $&ci$ns !rri*r l 7rl'"n. L c'&n4 :s %n /i i # ri$'r, #"nc"n &"r &ri'"r #"+! ls cn!i!s '$n6r5%ics Cl%n4. K.- L Lli+ R"+i$nlis i "l ri$' !"l clnis'" !" !r""s D#n l/i !" l c'&n4 !"ls 5%r" &r"si!"ns, l ni R"+i$nlis i "l C"nr" Cl6 "s %si$n"n i $r'"n l Lliga Regionalista . L Lli+ c$'"n c$' &ri *%r+:s ?rc"l$n, &"r< r6&i!'"n s"&n!"i s"&n!"i &"r l r"s !"l "rri$ri. L s"# l2ni &$l2ic # s"r $&$sr-s" l c$rr%&ci !"l sis"' !" l R"s%rci i !"'nr r"$r'"s 5%" !$n"ssin ':s %$n$'i Cl%n4. L Lli+ # s"r "l &ri !$'inn !ins "l clnis'" ins "ls n4s 30.
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) L n"c"ssi !" r"c%&"rr "ls %rs &"r!%s "l 18 *) D""nsr l r *sc !#n l in#si '"P (cs"lln). Er n"c"ss6ri %n &$l2ic 5%" !""ns:s "ls #l$rs *sc$s (r!ici$ns, &rirclis'", r%rlis'">) !#n "l n$% 'n in!%sril !" ci%s c$' ?il*$. El 189K "s %n! "l 7ri Nci$nlis ?sc (7N?), '* l'*ici !" "nir &r"s"nci l 72s ?sc, N#rr i "l &2s *sc-rnc:s (E%sl"rri). El 7N? # '$srr-s" !"s !"ls s"%s inicis #$r*l" l in!"&"n!/nci. in!"&"n!/nci. .- El +ll"+%is'" El +ll"+%is'" # "nir +r"%s &r$*l"'"s &"r !"s"n#$l%&r-s", &"r l 'nc !%n *%r+"si &$"n i "l cr6c"r cr6c"r r%rl !"l &2s, 5%" !iic%l#"n !iic%l#"n l s"# #"r"*rci #"r"*rci &$l2ic. En %ns inicis "s # li'ir s&"c"s c%l%rls, c$' l !i+niicci !" l c%l%r +ll"+ '* "l '$#i'"n O r"%r!i'"n$, r "%r!i'"n$, '* Rosalia de Castro c$' &"rs$n+" ':s !"sc. El &ri'"r +ll"+%is'" &$l2ic (inls s. I) # s"r %n " "'in"n'"n 'in$riri i %r*6, s"ns" i'&c" &$l2ic ':s "nll6 !" l r"i#in!icci c%l%rl i l !"n%nci !" l*n!$n'"n !" l r"+i &"l +$#"rn c"nrl. A &rinci&is !"l s. "l '$#i'"n &$l2ic !5%ir"i ':s $r, %nin l !isc%rs r"i#in!ic!$r !" 'ill$r"s l r"lci '* lEs c"nrl s&"c"s '* '$r c6rr"+ s$cil. Al%onso R& Castelao s"r6 "l &rinci&l l2!"r !"l +ll"+%is'". 3.- El l"ncinis'" El #l"ncinis'" n"i '*: c$' '$#i'"n c%l%rl (R"ni"n) !"sin !i"r"ncir l c%l%r #l"ncin !" l cln, i &rir !" 190K !5%ir"i s&"c" &$l2ic K.- Lr+$n"sis'" Sinici 'ins !"l s. I !" l '6 !" l *%r+"si r+$n"s, i "s c"nr "n l !""ns !"l !r" ci#il r+$n/s i "n %n #isi r$'6nic !"ls &ri'"rs "'&s !"l r"+n" !%rn lE! Min. En l s"# $r' inl, "r %n %ni !" crlis'" (!""ns !" l"s ll"is r!ici$nls) r !ici$nls) i !" r"+"n"rci$nis'" (l inl%/nci !" =$5%2n C$s # s"r $r) F.- Ln!l%sis'" A&r"i inicis !"l s. , s"ns" s&irr s"r ':s 5%" %n r"+i$nlis'". Ln4 1918 lAs lAs' '*l *l" " R"+i R"+i$n $nl lis is !" R$ R$n! n! i i li!" li!"r rii n! n!l% l%si sis s i %n %n &r$& &r$&$s $s !Es !Es % % !A%$n$' !A%$n$'i. i. !las 'n%ante s"r6 "l s"% &rinci&l i!"
