116876_materi Modul (Tbi)

12

)))* "/E$B)3 &3%+E A%a*a+ ana$ $a*imat ang erungsi seagai $ata $eterangan" >eana$an a%0eria* .*ause %ientu$ o*e+ $ata )eng+uung" @enis-enis ! 1. A%0er =*ause o Reason (menerangkan alasan)  Be.ause, as, sin.e, or < S < P  Be.ause o < %ue to < owing to < Noun P+rase  9e %i%n:t go to *irar e.ause +e was i**

 2. A%0er =*ause o Resu*t (Menyatakan hasil suatu pekerjaan)  So, +en.e, t+us, t+ereore, .on.e?uent*  So < a%e.ti0e/a%0er < t+at < S < P  Su.+ < noun < t+at < S < P  S < 0er < So < an / 7ew < =ount noun &)*ura*'  S < 0er < So < u.+ /6itt*e < 8n.ounta*e noun E(am)*e!  9e %i%n:t stu% +ar% t+ereore +e %i%n:t )ass t+e test   S+e is so rien%* t+at e0erone *i$es +er '. A%0er =*ause o Pur)ose (menerangkan tujuan dari suatu pekerjaan)  So t+at < S < P  In or%er t+at < S < P  In or%er to < V1  9e )*ans to 0isit t+e 0i**age so t+at +e .an meet +is un.*e"  I sa0e mone in or%er to u a ..*e

+. A%0er =*ause o =ontrast (menunjukkan pertentangan)  A*t+oug+,e0ent+oug+,+owe0er,ne0ert+e*ess,w+ereas,sti** < S < P  On t+e ot+er +an%,ut,et,w+i*e < senten.e  #es)ite, ins)ite o < Noun%  A*t+oug+ it rains +ea0i*, +e $ee)s going out   9e a*was re0ises +is *esson at +ome, et +e sti** ai*s in t+e test 

. A%0er =*ause o P*a.e (Menyatakan tempat)  W+ere, w+ere0er, in w+i.+ < S < P  T+is isn t+e town w+ere I was orn

. A%0er =*ause o Time (Menerangkan !aktu)  W+en, on w+i.+, ater, eore, w+i*e, sin.e < senten.e E(am)*e !  It is t+e mont+ w+en 9e starte% to stu% at s.+oo*  T+e o +a% .a**e% t+e gir* eore +e .ame to +er +ouse  W+en @ono was oung, +e use% to )*a a%minton -. A%0er =*ause o E(tra Inormation (Menerangkan tambahan)  In a%%ition, esi%e, moreo0er, urt+ermore, In a%%ition to E(am)*e !  T+e oung woman is eautiu*" In a%%ition, s+e is ri.+ an% inte**igent 

13

"E$)/T)/E+ !" 6%E+T)O! T7 &'#TE$ 8 "E$)/T)/E+ A%a*a+ )ementu$an enis $ata aru %engan )enama+an imu+an, ter%iri atas!  A.

!oun +uf9ixes (*embentukan kata benda dengan penambahan akhiran) J #is.ussion  #is.uss &0' < ion J Statement    State &0' < ment  #ar$ &a%' < ness J #ar$ness  Rea* &a%' < it J Rea*it  #ier &0' < en.e J #ieren.e  =+i*% &n' < +oo% J =+i*%+oo%  Air &n' < s+i) J Airs+i)  A%e.ti0e < noun

E(am)*e! Beautiu* gir*  Arti.*e < noun E(am)*e! T+e air)ort  B.

 djective suf9ixes (*embentukan kata sifat dengan penambahan akhiran) J Beautu*  Beaut &n' < u* J Power*ess  Power &n' < *ess J San%  San% &n' <   E.onom &n' < i. J E.onomi.  #anger &n' < ous J #angerous  9istor &n' < i.a* J 9istori.a*  =+i*% &n' < is+ J =+i*%is+ J A.ti0e  A.t &0' < i0e  #ier &0' < ent J #ierent   J =ounta*e  =ount &0' < a*e  To e < a%e.ti0e E(am)*e ! Smo$ing is %angerous  6in$ing 0ers < a%+e.ti0e

E(am)*e ! S+e *oo$s eautiu*

5ang termasu$ 6in$ing 0er a%a*a+ SeBe6A9 So7T +eem Be.ome 3oo$  ))ear 'a))ene% +oun% .ee* Taste C.

/erb +uffuxes : #re9ixes (*embentukan kata kerja dgn. penambahan a!alanakhiran)  Sweet &a%' < en Sweeten  6eng+t &n' < en 6eng+ten  =entra* &n' < ie =entra*iEe  Beaut &n' < i Beauti  En < Sure Ensure  Ver < a%0er

E(am)*e ! 9e runs ?ui.$*  To < V1 E(am)*e ! To sweeten

14

6%E+T)O! T7 A%a*a+ entu$ )ertanaan %i a$+ir $a*imat ang erungsi untu$ menegas$an suatu )ernataan" 7orm!  Positi0e senten.e, negati0e ?uestion tag &au(/e < not < S'  Negati0e senten.e, )ositi0e ?uestion tag &au(/e < S' Notes! Sue.t +arus eru)a $ata ganti &)ronoun', i$a ter%a)at $ata ne0er, +ar%*, are*, rare*, s.ar.e* ma$a $a*imat terseut negati0e" Po*a $+usus! I am I am not  

J Aren:t I J Am I



6et:s

J S+a** we



T+at/t+is is

J Isn:t it  

ain .*ause, suor%inate .*ause, ?uestion tag &main .*ause'; E(am)*e!  =+an%ra an% =atrine wi** e gi0en git, won:t t+e;  9e sai% t+at +e .ou*%n:t a..om)anie% me, %i%n:t +e;

15

#$E.E$E!&E !" &O;#$)+O! &'#TE$ <

#$E.E$E!&E A%a*a+ ung$a)an untu$ menata$an suatu )i*i+an atau untu$ menunu$$an a+wa seseorang *ei+ menu$ai sesuatu +a*/arang %ari )a%a ang *ainna" (* #reference dengan menyebutkan pembanding 7orm!  6i$e < noun/Ving < etter t+an < noun/Ving  Preer
E(am)*e!  S+e *i$es %an.ing etter t+an singing  I )reer 7anta to Po.ar Sweat   9e wou*% rat+er wa*$ t+an run  9e wou*% )reer to sta at +ome rat+er t+an swim on t+e water ,* #reference tanpa menyebutkan pembanding 7orm!  Preer < to V1  Preer < Ving  Wou*% rat+er < V1  Wou*% )reer < to V1  S+e )reer to %an.e/%an.ing  I wou*% rat+er go wit+ ou  9e wou*% )reer to sta at +ome

&O;#$)+O! A%a*a+ mengin%i$asi$an ting$at )ere%aan atau )ersamaan %ari $ata siat / $eterangan, ter%iri atas! (* #ositive degree (*erbandingan setara) Po*a!  As < a%/a%0
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!oun

djective

Weig+t

9ea0, *ig+t  

Wi%+t

Wi%e, narrow

#e)t+

#ee), S+a**ow

6engt+

6ong, s+ort  

Sie

Big, sma**

E(am)*e!  T+e eautiu* *a% is as ta** as ou are  T+e eautiu* *a% is not so ta** as ou are  5ou are t+e same age as I am  T+is .ar an% t+at one is a*i$e ,* &omparative degree (*erbandingan /ebih) @i$a ter%iri %ari 1 su$u $ata  A%/a%0er < er < t+an  9e is ta**er t+an s+e is @i$a

ter%iri *ei+ %ari 1 su$u $ata  ore < a%/a%0er < t+an

E(am)*e!  T+e oo$ is more t+i.$ t+an t+e %i.tionar  5our gar%en is more eautiu* t+an mine  9e is more +an%some t+an ou 0* +uperlative degree &Peran%ingan )a*ing' @i$a ter%iri %ari 1 su$u $ata  T+e < a%/a%0er < est   S+e is t+e smartest gir* in our s.+oo*

@i$a ter%iri %ari *ei+ 1 su$u $ata  T+e < most/*east < a%/a%0er

E(am)*e!  T+e .ar is t+e most e()ensi0e .ar in t+e wor*%  E0erest is t+e +ig+est mountain in t+e wor*%

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POSITIVE

=OPARATIVE

S8PER6ATIVE

KOO#/WE66

BETTER

T9E BEST

BA#/I66

WORSE

T9E WORST

6ITT6E

6ESS

T9E 6EAST

8=9/AN5

ORE

T9E OST

7AR &@ARA>'

7ART9ER

T9E 7ART9EST

7AR &IN7ORASI'

78RT9ER

T9E 78RT9EST

)$$E7%3E$ &O;#$)+O! 1" ;ultiple !umber comparative ! +a*, twi.e, t+ree times, et. 7orm!

!ultiple number + as + much/man" + noun + as + noun/pronoun E(am)*e!  T+is swa**ow .osts twi.e as mu.+ as t+e ot+er one 2" "ouble &omparative 7orm!

#he comparatie degree + S + Verb + the comparatie degree + S + Verb E(am)*e!  T+e +otter it is, t+e more misera*e I ee*  T+e more ou stu%, t+e smarter ou wi** e.ome 3" Of the two nouns! 7orm!

S + erb + the + comparatie + o$ the two nouns E(am)*e!  9ar0e is t+e smarter o two os

18

#$33E3)+;= E33)#T)&3 +E!TE!&E+= !" &O!&O$"!&E &'#TE$ >

#$33E3)+; A%a*a+ seua+ $esesuaian atau $esetaraan antara unsur unsur %a*am $a*imat )arra*e*ism %engan mengguna$an $onungsi &an%, ut, or'" E(am)*e!  9arr is not a *awer ut a tea.+er  Tom is ri.+ an% .*e0er Parra*e*ism %engan mengguna$an $onungsi er)asangan &ot+ """ an% """, eit+er """ or """, neit+er """ nor """, not on* """ ut a*so """' E(am)*e!  I .an not 4in% t+e oo$ eit+er in our room or in our ag

E33)#T)&3 +E!TE!&E+ A%a*a+ Penggaungan %ua $a*imat setara %engan meng+i*ang$an agian %ari )re%i$at ang sama untu$ meng+in%ari tera%ina )engu*angan, ter%iri atas! A" Positi0e E*i)ti. ! Penggaungan 2 $a*imat )ositi setara 7orm!  Senten.e, an% S < e/au( < too  Senten.e, an% so < e/au( < S  Ara went to t+e mo0ie *ast nig+t   Sara wen to t+e mo0ie *ast nig+t 

Answer!  Ara went to t+e mo0ie *ast nig+t an% so %i% sara  Ara went to t+e mo0ie *ast nig+t an% Sara %i% too B" Negati0e E**i)ti. ! )enggaungan 2 $a*imat negati0e setara 7orm !  Senten.e &-', an% S < e/au( < not < eit+er  Senten.e &-', an% nneit+er < au(/e < S  9is sister is not nurse   sister is not nurse

Answer  9is sister is not nurse an% m sister is not eit+er  9is sister is not nurse an% neit+er is m sister

19

&O!&O$"!&E A%a*a+ )enesuai sue$ %an )re%i$at %a*am suatu $a*imat  Sue$ tungga* < )re%i$at tungga* &is, was/+as/V1&s/es'  Sue$ ama$ < )re%i$at ama$ &are/were, +a0e,V1' +ubjek Tunggal

#redikat tunggal

1" 8ng$a)anna menata$an um*a+, uang, wa$tu, erat, ara$, %an 0o*ume E(am)*e!  Twe*0e mont+s +as 3F %as  7i0e +un%re% mi*es is a *ong urne to %ri0e in one %a 2" Sue$ ang terentu$ %ari gerun% &V"ing' %iangga) tungga* E(am)*e!  Swimming is m +o 3" @u%u* u$u, maa*a+, $oran L 4i*m wa*au)un entu$na ama$ +arus %iangga) tungga*" E(am)*e!  T+e New 5or$ Times is one o t+e est news)a)er in t+e 8SA" " >ata atau rasa tertentu Ea.+, ea.+ o, neit+er o, e0er, t+e numer o, one o  E(am)*e!  Neit+er o t+ese oo$s is interesting  T+e numer o wor$ers in.reases ea.+ ear " Nama )e*aaran &E.onomi.s, mat+emaati.s, )+si.s', nama )ena$it &meas*es, mum)s', $ata en%a astra$ &news, et+i.s, )o*iti.s' E(am)*e!  at+emati.s is a %i4i.u*t sue.t  +ubjek 5amak

#redikat 5amak 

1" >ata )eng+uung """ an% """ atau ot+ """ an% """ E(am)*e!  A B*a.$err an% No$ia are or sa*e  Bot+ Santi an% Susan are m sister 2" >ata se0era*, man, ew, ot+ erma$na ama$ E(am)*e!  On* a ew +a0e )asse% t+e e(am 3" Pa$aian &.*ot+es, trousers, )ants', )er$a$as &s.issors, )*iers' E(am)*e!  5our sun g*asses are ro$en #redikat mengikuti subjek pertama  S1 as we** as S2  S1 toget+er wit+ S2  S1 a*ong wit+ S2 E(am)*e!  T+e man as we** as +is two .+i*%ren is staing at +ote* #redikat mengikuti subjek kedua  Neit+er < S1 < nor < S2  Eit+er < S1 < or < S2 E(am)*e!  Neit+er t+e stu%ents an% t+e tea.+er is a*e to so*0e t+eir )ro*em"

20

;O"3+ !" #$E#O+)T)O! &'#TE$ ? ;O"3+ A%a*a+ $ata $era antu &au(i*iar 0er' ang memeri tama+an arti )a%a $a*imat  7ungsi mo%a*

o%a* ang %iguna$an

enata$an $emam)uan



 =an/=ou*% < V1  To e < a*e < to < V1



 To e < .a)a*e < o < Ving



enata$an iin



=an/=ou*%



a/ig+t 

 To e < a**owe% < to < V1



 To e < )ermitte% < to < V1



enata$an $emung$inan

enata$an $e+arusan/$ewaian



=an/=ou*%



a/ig+t 



ust 



S+ou*%



Oug+t to

 9a0e to/+as to/+a% to



enata$an $esim)u*an

#a*am entu$ )resent tense  o%a* )resent < V1/e Ving/e .om)*ement  #a*am entu$ )ast tense



 o%a* )ast < +a0e < V3/een Ving/een .om)*ement 



E(am)*e!  T+e *ine is us" Someone must e using t+e )+one  The

house is empty. They must gone out Pengertian Modal:    

ig+t +a0e Oug+t to/s+ou*% < +a0e ust +a0e =ou*% +a0e

J ung$in su%a+ J Se+arusn,a su%a+ J Pasti su%a+ J Se+arusna ias

 Wou*% < V1  Be < a..ustome% to < Ving  To e )resent < use% to < Ving

21

#$E#O+)T)O! A%a*a+ $ata %e)an ang %iguna$an untu$ merang$ai noun, )ronoun, %an gerun%" 1" Tem)at   a"  t %iguna$an untu$ memi.ara$an  Tem)at tan)a u$uran/atas ang e*as E(am)*e! At t+e us sto)  Bagian %ari suatu tem)at

E(am)*e! At t+e en% o t+e street   Tem)at +iuran" =ae, restaurant, +ote*

E(am)*e! At =ae  Tem)at e*aar %an e$era

E(am)*e ! At t+e o4i.e  A*amat ang %ii$uti nomor

E(am)*e ! At no 2M >amoa street  " On %iguna$an untu$ memi.ara$an  Ben%a ang era%a %iatas %an menentu+ )ermu$aan en%a *ain E(am)*e ! On t+e 4*oor  Tem)at ang era%a %i sungai, )antai, a*an, )u*au E(am)*e ! On t+e ea.+  8ng$a)an ang menunu$$an ara+ E(am)*e ! On t+e rig+t  ." )n %iguna$an untu$ memi.ara$an  Ben%a ang era%a %i%a*am en%a *ain

E(am)*e ! In t+e %rawer  #aera+ ang *uas se)erti $ota, negara, %** E(am)*e ! In t+e 8SA 2" Wa$tu a"  t %iguna$an untu$   eneut am E(am)*e ! At eig+t o:.*o.$   8ng$a)an tertentu

E(am)*e ! At mi%nig+t   eneut$an +ari *iur E(am)*e ! At 6earan

" On %iguna$an untu$   eneut$an +ari E(am)*e ! On Sun%a  eneut$an tangga* E(am)*e ! On Se)temer 1, 2  eneut$an +ari *iur

E(am)*e ! On =+ristmas #a

."

)n %guna$an untu$   enata$an )agi, siang, %an ma*am E(am)*e ! In t+e morning  enata$an wa$tu %engan rentang wa$tu ang *ama E(am)*e ! In 1F2  enata$an )erio%e wa$tu E(am)*e ! In a ew minutes

22

)!.)!)T)/E !" 7E$%!" &'#TE$ @

)!.)!)T)/E A%a*a+ $ata $era ang mengguna$an CtoD mau)un ang ti%a$ mengguna$an CtoD" #iagi atas 2 enis!  In4initi0e wit+ CtoD  In4initi0e wit+out CtoD &Bare In4initi0e' (* Bare )n9initive A/( a" Sete*a+ mo%a* E(am)*e! S+e wi** .a** ou " Sete*a+ $ata $era ase tertentu  6et/ma$e/+e*) < O < V1  Wou*% rat+er/+a% etter < V1

E(am)*e! +is at+er ma%e +im go

." Sete*a+ $ata $era ang er+uungan %engan in%ra (&atch, listen, observe, notice 0  0 1) See V1 >egiatan sengaa %i*a$u$an 9ear egiatan ti%a$ sengaa %i*a$u$an ,* To in9initive digunakan untuk  a" menata$an tuuan " Sete*a+ $ata siat  ." Sete*a+ $ata tana

9e stu%ies +ar% to e.ome .*e0er S+e is +a)) to re.ei0e t+e git  9e te**s me w+at to %o

Sete*a+ eera)a $ata $era eri$ut, +arus %itama+$an to V1

A**ow As$

Sti0e P*an

E()e% Inten

8rge Instru.t

#esi%e 7orget  

In0ite

A%0ise

Re)air

=*aim

Nee%

Re?uest

Te**

Ten%

7ai*

Re0iews

Agree

Or%er

O0er

6earn

Wis+

#esire

=on0in.e

Seem

Reten%

#eman%

9o)e

Aten%

Persua%e

Want

9esitate

23

7E$%!" A%a*a+ $ata $era ang erua+ ungsi mena%i $ata en%a %engan .ara )enama+an C ing sete*a+ $ata $era" #engan $ata *ain, gerun% a%a*a+ $ata $era Ving ang erungsi seagai $ata en%a" Kerun% %iguna$an seagai 1" Sue$   E(am)*e! =o**e.ting stam)s is m +o 2" Oe$   Sete*a+ $ata $era eri$ut! A0oi% #en Eno >ee) A%mit in% iss Re)ort Suggest Put o T+in$ o

Su..e% in Arai% o A))re.iate 7inis+ =onsi%er #e*a Re.a** Pra.ti.e Ki0e u) Re* on =a)a*e o

=oness to Pos)one Resent   Better o T+in$ aout =an:t +e*) A0oi% Eno =ount on Resist Worr aout

Ris$   6oo$ orwar% to Be a..ustome% to Resent or Oe.t to Be use% to Be interest in Resume #e)an% on >ee) on Guit  

Sete*a+ )re)osisi! on= in= off= of= at= from= for= after= before= about= by= with= without= between= among= etc mengguna$an Ving" E(am)*e!  9e must e res)onsi*e or *etting t+e o*% man go a*one Sete*a+ )ossessi0e! my= your= his= her= its= our= their E(am)*e!  I wait or our atten%ing m )art Sete*a+ $ata $era eri$ut, %a)at %ii$uti o*e+ $e%uana aitu Ving %an to V1 Start  6i$e Preer Rememer 6o0e =an:t stan%

Want  Begin =ontinue 7orget  Sto) Nee%

24

#$T)&)#3E !" ##O+)T)/E &'#TE$ (D

#$T)&)#3E A%a*a+ $ata )ene*as ang ter%iri %ari )arti.i)*e a$ti &Verarena , W+en, W+i*e J >eti$a E(am)*e!  =oming *ate to t+e meeting, +e was not a**owe% to .ome into t+e room eaning! Be.ause s+e was .oming *ate to t+e meeting %" Sete*a+ $ata $era tertentu

 t+e a sitter *et t+e a .ring

,* #ast #articiple #iguna$an untu$ menggaung$an 2 $ea%ian &sa*a+ satuna erentu$ )asi ' ang %i*a$u$an o*e+ orang ang sama 7orm! V3 < O/=, senten.e &sim)*e < O/=, senten.e &sim)*e )resent/)ast' eaning! Be.ause/as/sin.e/or J $arena E(am)*e!  6o.ate% in t+e .enter o t+e town, t+e mar$et e.ome a us eaning! Be.ause t+e mar$et was *o.ate% in t+e .entre o t+e town 0* #erfect #articiple #iguna$an untu$ menggaung$an 2 $ea%ian ang %i*a$u$an o*e+ orang ang sama  Active form! 9a0ing < V3 < O/=, senten.e &sim)*e )ast' eaning ! Ater < S < +a% < V3 E(am)*e ! +a0ng .o**e.te% man stam)s, +e so*% it 

25

eaning ! Ater +e +a% .o**e.te% man stam)s *assive form!

%aing + been + V3 + sentence (simple eaning ! Ater S < +a% < een < V3 E(am)*e ! 9a0ing een treate% a%*, t+e o .rie% eaning ! Ater t+e o +a% een treate% a%*  ##O+)T)/E A%a*a+ >eterangan tama+an ang menee*as$an $ata en%a %i%e)anna" E(am)*e !  @anie *i0es in @a$arta, t+e most .row%e% .it in In%onesia  r" @o+nson, our +ea%masster, is *oo$ing or ou 5ang )er*u %i)a+ami %a*am a))ositi0es ini a%a*a+ a+wa a))ositi0es ti%a$ isa %iawa*i o*e+ ! (* +ubject  T+e man, +e a*was .omes +ere on Sun%a, *i0es wit+ +is on* %aug+ter &SA6A9' T+e man, w+o a*was .omes +ere on Sun%a,*i0es wit+ +is on* %aug+ter &BENAR' ,* #redicate Auxiliary= /erb ( and /erb , T+e manager, *ea%s t+e .om)an wise*, a*was smi*es at ot+er )eo)*e &SA6A9' T+e manager, *ea%ing t+e .om)an wise*, a*was smi*es at ot+er )eo)*e &BENAR'

0* ata 1T'T2 T+e *anguage, t+at is s)o$en in t+e 0i**age, is @a0anese &SA6A9' T+e *anguage, w+i.+ is s)o$en in t+e 0i**age, is @a0anese &BENAR' 4* #ossessive adjective bila diikuti oleh #redicate T+e woman, +er .ar is )ar$e% in ront o t+e )ost o4i.e, wor$s in t+e ig .om)an &SA6A9' T+e woman, W+ose .ar is )ar$e% in ront o t+e )ost o4i.e, wor$s in t+e ig .om)an &BENAR'

26

&O!")T)O!3 +E!TE!&E !" +%B5%!T)/E &'#TE$ ((

&O!")T)O!3 +E!TE!&E A%a*a+ $a*imat )engan%aian a$an suatu +a* ang %iingin$an tera%i, a$an teta)i $enataan e*um atau ti%a$ tera%i sesuai $einginan, tergantung %ari $eera%aan sarat, ang %iwuu%$an %a*am entu$ $*ausa if  &i$a/a)ai*a'" >a*imat )engan%aian terseut ter%iri atas  I .*ause ! ana$ $a*imat %i i$uti $ata CiD  ain .*ause ! in%u$ $a*imat  Tiga enis =on%itiona* Senten.e 1" .uture &onditional Type ( A bentuk pengandaian masa yang akan datang) 7orm!  S < wi**/.an/ma < V1 i < S < V1 &s/es'

 9e wi** )ass t+e test i +e stu%ie% +ar%

eaning! 9e stu%ies +ar% so +e .an )ass t+e test  ,* #resent &onditional Type , (bentuk pengandaian masa sekarang) 7orm!  S < wou*%/.ou*%/mig+t < V1 < i < S < V2 &were'  Were < S, S < wou*%/.ou*%/mig+t < V1

 I t+e )ri.e o go*% were *ower, I wou*% u it   Were t+e )ri.e o go*% *ower, I wou*% u it

eaning! T+e )ri.e o go*% is not *ower so I %on:t u it  0* #ast &onditional Type 0 (bentuk pengandaian di masa lampau) 7orm!  S < wou*%/.ou*%/mig+t < +a0e&een' < V3 < i < S < +a% < V3/een  9a% < S < V3/een, S < wou*%/.ou*%/mig+t < +a0e&een' < V3

 9e mig+t +a0e won t+e .ontest i +e +a% een more .on4i%ent   9a% +e een more .on4i%ent, +e mig+t +a0e won t+e .ontest 

eaning! I was not more .on4i%ent so I %i%n:t wont t+e .ontest 

27

+%B5%!T)/E A%a*a+ entu$ $a*imat ang erungsi untu$ menata$an )eng+ara)an )a%a masa ang a$an %atang atau )eng+ara)an ang ti%a$ terwuu% )a%a masa *am)au %an masa se$arang" Tiga enis suun.ti0e 1. .uture +ubjuntive (pengharapan pada masa yang akan datang) A%0er o time! tonig+t, tomorrow, ne( &"""', soon, et. 7orm!

 I on* s+e wou*% .ome wit+ me 2.

#resent +ubjuntive (pengharapan yang tidak ter!ujud pada masa sekarang) A%0er o time! now, rig+t now, at t+is time, At t+is moment 7orm! Wis+ V2 As i  < As t+oug+ Wou*% rat+er I on* were E(am)*e!  Anto a.ts as i +e were t+e manager

3.

#ast +ubjuntive (pengharapan yang tidak ter!ujud pada masa lampau) A%0er o time! ester%a, *ast ng+t 7orm! Wis+e% As i  S < +a% &een' < V1 As t+oug+ Wou*% rat+er I on* E(am)*e!   mot+er wis+e% s+e +a% irone% t+e .*ot+es *ast nig+t  A%a uga suunti0e %a*am entu$ $+usus @i$a ter%a)at $ata! A%0ise As$ =omman% #e.ree #eman% Insist

ore Or%er Preer Pro)ose Re.ommen% Re?uest  

Re?uire Sti)u*ate Suggest   8rge

7orm! S < Ver &an tenses' < t+at < S < In4initi0e E(am)*e!  We urge t+at +e *ea0e now

28

)!/E$+)O!= $E"%"!&F !" &%+T)/E &'#TE$ (,

)!/E$+)O! A%a*a+ $a*imat ang )re%i$atna men%a+u*ui sue$" Pre%i$at isa erentu$ $ata antu &mo%a*' atau $ata $era iasa" A%a aturan %an )o*a ang +arus %i)er+ati$an %a*am materi ini" 1" Pertanaan In0ersi er*a$u untu$ entu$ )ertanaan *angsung" Pre%i$at $asus ini a%a*a+ $ata antu" E(am)*e!  wi** ou in0ite t+e gir* to our we%%ing )art; 2" Sete*a+ ung$a)an negati0e ang ter*eta$ %i %e)an $a*imat se)erti ne0er, +ar%*, s.ar.e*,nor, se*%om, %**" E(am)*e!  ne0er eore +as t+e man atten%e% t+e meeting" 3" Sete*a+ neit+er, nor, %an so" E(am)*e!  we %on:t *i$e )*a as$et a**" Nor %o t+e" " Sete*a+ $ata $eterangan tem)at" Pre%i$at ti%a$ +arus $ata antu" Bi*a ti%a$ a%a, $ata $era iasa %i*eta$$an %e)an sue$" E(am)*e!  In +is room *ies t+e *a o &ti%a$ a%a tan%a $oma antara $et" tem)at %an sue$' " Sete*a+ ung$a)an ang %iawa*i %engan on*" E(am)*e! on* wit+ )ers)iration an% )atien.e wi** ou a.+ie0e our amition" $E"%"!&F  A%a*a+ )engurangan %ari eera)a $ata %a*am $a*imat ang artina sama" A%0an.e orwar% Pro.ee% orwar% Return a.$  Re0ert a.$  Su4i.ient enoug+ =om)ete toget+er

Reason """ e.ause

@oin toget+er Rea)et again New inn0ation atinee )erorman.e

Same i%enti.a* Two wins T+e time w+en T+e )*a.e w+ere

E(am)*e! T+e arm advanced for!ard  ater t+e ig att*e" &au su%a+ )asti $e %e)an, a%i )i*i+ sa*a+satu'  T+e arm a%0an.e% ater t+e ig att*e  T+e arm mo0e% orwar% ater t+e ig att*e

29

&%+T)/E A%a*a+ $a*imat ang %iguna$an seseorang se+ingga menea$an orang *ain untu$  mengera$an sesuatu atau menea$an sesuatu agar %i$era$an orang*ain agi orang terseut" Ter%a)at 2 enis .ausati0e! (* ctive &ausative Sue$ menea$an oe$ me*a$u$an $egiatan" &ausative

)n9initive

'ave



;ake



3et 



To in9initive

'elp



7et 



E(am)*e!  Ana +a% Anto was+ +is .ar" &Ana menuru+ An%i men.u.i moi*na'   mot+er got me to swee) t+e 4*oor" &Iu saa menuru+ saa mena)u *antai' ,* #assive &ausative Po*a ini %iguna$an a)ai*a oe$na a%a*a+ en%a/sesuatu untu$ %i$era$an" 7ormu*a!  S < +a0e/get/ma$e/+e*)/*et < .om)*ement < V3 E(am)*e!  Ane +a% +er )a)er t)e%  a rien%

30

;TE$) &#)T +E3E&T &'#TE$ (0

;TE$) &#)T +E3E&T A%a*a+ seua+ $ata/*ei+ ang %a)at menerang$an oe$/sue$ )a%a suatu $a*imat" Ter%iri atas 3 enis! (* !oun #hrase A%a*a+ $e*om)o$ $ata ang %ia$+iri %engan seua+ $ata en%a, ter%iri atas  * &ount and !on count nouns #i$ata$an .ount &%a)at %ian%ing$an' i$a %a)at %i$ata$an 1 en%a, 2en%a, %st  E(am)*e!  Bu$u %a)at %i$ata$an satu u$u, %ua u$u, %st   >o)i ti%a$ %a)at %i$ata$an satu $o)i, %ua $o)i, me*ain$an satu .ang$ir $o)i  8ang ti%a$ %a)at %i$ata$an satu uang, %ua uang, me*ain$an um*a+na With count nouns

With non - count nouns

a&n', t+e, some, an

T+e, some, an

T+is, t+at, t+ose, t+ese

T+is, t+at 

None, one, two, t+ree

None

an

u.+

A *ot o 

A *ot o  *arge

A

numer o great 

  A *arge amount o 

A ew

A &*itt*e'

7ewer """ t+an

6ess """ t+an

ore """ t+an

ore """ t+an

@i$a menata$an en%a %a*am um*a+ ana$! Noun < s/es E(am)*e! Boo$s, o(es, et. Irregu*er noun! Person - )oe)*e  7oot - eet   Woman - women  =+i*% - .+i*%ren 











ouse - mi.e Toot+ - teet+ an - men

31

B* = nd= dan The A%a*a+ arti$e* ang iasa %iguna$an seagai $eterangan )a%a $ata sete*a+na"   %iguna$an untu$ menata$an um*a+ satu )a%a en%a ang %a)at %i+itung ang e*um s)esi4i$/tertentu/%i$eta+ui"  n %iguna$an untu$ menata$an um*a+ satu en%a )a%a ang %a)at %i +itung ang %iawa*i %engan uni 0o$a* u$an +uru 0o$a*" Ben%a terseut e*um s)esi4i$/tertuntu/%i$eta+ui" E(am)*e! A +ouse A +ea0 An +eir A uni0ersit A uni0ersa* An umre**a A euro)ean A eu.a*)tus An +era* A uniorm A +a* An unnatura* A eu*og A union An +orror A +ome An +our An un%erstan%ing A eu)+emism An un.*e An +onest   The %iguna$an untu$ en%a ang su%a+ s)esi4i$/tertentu/)asti $arena su%a+ %iseut$an %iawa*" &* Other A%a*a+ ang *ain namun memi*i$i )engaturan )ema$aian sesuai %engan $a*imatna" -ith count nouns

-ith count nouns

An < ot+er < singu*ar noun &one more' Anot+er )en.i* J one more )en.i* T+e ot+er < singu*ar noun &*ast o set' T+e ot+er )en.i* J t+e *ast )en.i* )ersent 

Ot+er < )*ura* noun &more o t+e set' Ot+er )en.i* J some more )en.i*s

Ot+er < non- .ount nouns &more o t+e set' Ot+er water J some more water

T+e ot+er < )*ura* noun &t+e rest o t+e set' T+e o%er )en.i*s J a** remaining )en.i*s

T+e ot+er < non- .ount noun &a** t+e rest' T+e ot+er watern J t+e remaining water

"* nother and other Anot+er %iguna$an untu$ en%a ang ti%a$ s)esi4i$asi/tertentu se%ang$an t+e ot+er %an t+e ot+ers untu$ en%a ang su%a+ tertentu" E(am)*e 1!  I %on:t want t+is oo$" Ki0e me anot+er  I %on:t want t+is oo$" Ki0e me anot+eroo$   I %on:t want t+is oo$" Ki0e me anot+er one Anot+er J Satu u$u ang *ain teta)i ti%a$ )asti, ti%a$ s)esi4i$ u$u mana E(am)*e 2!  T+ese are two oo$s" One is re% an% t+e ot+er is *ue  T+ese are two oo$s" One is re% an% t+e ot+er oo$ is *ue  T+ese are two oo$s" One is re% an% t+e ot+er one is *ue

T+e ot+er J u$u ang *ain ta)i u$una su%a+ )asti/tertentu

32

E(am)*e 3!  T+is oo$ is interesting" Ot+ers are interesting too  T+is oo$ is interesting" Ot+er oo$s are interesting too  T+is oo$ is interesting" Ot+er ones are interesting too

 T+ese are t+ree oo$s" One oo$ is interesting ang t+e ot+er are oring"  T+ese are t+ree oo$s" One oo$ is interesting ang t+e ot+er oo$s are oring  T+ese are t+ree oo$s" One oo$ is interesting ang t+e ot+er ones ere oring

T+e ot+er J u$u u$u ang *ain teta)i u$una su%a+ )asti/s)esi4i$  ,* djective G !oun Berungsi untu$ menerang$an $ata en%a %an +arus se*a*u %a*am entu$ singu*ar E(am)*e!  Beautiu* gir*  S+oe s+o) artina to$o se)atu, s+oe %a*am entu$ singu*ar 0* &ause and effect   So < a%e.ti0e/a%0er < t+at
Po*a *ain!  Su.+ < a < a%e.ti0e
Po*a *ain!  So < a%e.ti0e < a < singu*ar noun .ount < t+at < senten.e E(am)*e!  It was so +ot a %a t+at we %e.i%e% to sta in%oors

33

$E#O$TE" +#EE&' &'#TE$ (4

$E#O$TE" +#EE&' A%a*a+ entu$ )engu*angan $ema*i u.a)an seseorang $e)a%a orang *ain" #a*am )engu*angan atau )enam)aian $ema*i u.a)an terseut tera%i eera)a )erua+an, aitu!  *

#erubahan Bentuk -aktu ATenses @i$a re)orting 0er: &$ata $era )e*a)or' erentu$ sim)*e )ast &sai%, to*%, %**' "irect +peech Aucapan langsung

B*

)ndirect +peech Aucapan tak langsung

1" Sim)*e )resent &V I'

1" Sim)*e )ast &V II'

2" Present =ontinuous &is, am, are < 0ing'

2" Past =ontinuous &was, were < 0ing'

3" Present Pere.t &+a0e/+as < V III'

3" Past Pere.t &+a% < V III'

" Present Pere.t =ontinuous &+a0e/+as < een < Ving'

" Past Pere.t =ontinuous &+a% < een < Ving'

" Present 7uture &wi** < V 1'

" Past uture &wou*% < V 1'

F" Sim)*e Past &V II'

F" Past Pere.t &+a% < V III'

M" Et.

M" Et.

#erubahan eterangan -aktu Adverb of Time "irect +peech

)ndirect +peech

1" To%a

1" T+at %a

2" Tonig+t

2" T+at nig+t  

3" 5ester%a

3" T+e %a eore/t+e )re0ious %a

" Two %as ago

" Two %as eore

" 6ast wee$

" A wee$ eore

F" Tomorrow

F" T+e ne(t %a/t+e o**owing %a

M" Ne(t

M" T+e

" Et.

" Et.

34

5enisC5enis $eported +peechH 1.

2.

 f9irmative I +tatement (pernyataan) Po*a! $ 0 eporting erb 0 that 0 eported &ords Penan%a! Sai%, state%, .*aime%, note%, et." E(am)*e!  9e +as 0isite% +ar% ester%a &#ire.t S)ee.+' 9e sai% t+at +e +a% stu%ie% +ar% t+e )re0ious %a &In%ire.t S)ee.+'  I %o m +omewor$ m se* &#ire.t S)ee.+' S+e sai% t+at s+e %i% +er +omewor$ +erse* &In%ire.t S)ee.+'  ira ! I %on:t *i$e wat.+ing mo0ie &#ire.t S)ee.+' ira state% t+at s+e %i%n:t *i$e wat.+ing mo0ie &In%ire.t S)ee.+' )nterrogative (*ertanyaan) Po*a I &8sing au(i*iar Vers' $ 0 reporting verb 0 !hetherif 0 reported !ords Penan%a ! As$e%, won%ere%, wante% to $now" E(am)*e!  Bu%i ! is it our wa**et; &#ire.t S)ee.+' Bu%i as$e% me w+et+er it was m wa**et" &In%ire.t S)ee.+'  Rima ! #i% ou go t+ere ; &#ire.t S)ee.+' Rima won%ere% wet+er I +a% gone t+ere &In%ire.t S)ee.+'

 Ra+mi ! W+ %o ou *oo$ so sa%; &#ire.t S)ee.+'

Ra+mi wante% to $now w+ I *oo$e% so sa% &In%ire.t S)ee.+' 0* )mperative (*erintah) Po*a I &Positi0e Im)erati0e' $ 0 eporting erbs 0  0 to  1 Penan%a ! As$e%, to*%, or%ere%, .omman%e% E(am)*e!  7at+er ! Re)air t+e ro$en ra%io as soon as )ossi*e &#ire.t S)ee.+' 7at+er as$e% me to re)air t+e ro$en ra%io as soon as )ossi*e" &In%ire.t S)ee.+'  ira ! Was+ our s+oes  ourse* Ami &#ire.t S)ee.+ ' ira or%ere% Ami to was+ +er s+oes  +erse* &In%ire.t S)ee.+'

 ot+er ! #on:t )ut our oo$s +ere Ru%i  &#ire.t S)ee.+'

ot+er warne% Ru%i not to )ut +is oo$ t+ere &In%ire.t S)ee.+'  i*a ! #on:t sta u) *ate, Ri.$ &#ire.t S)ee.+' i*a as$e% Ri.$ not to sta u) *ate &In%ire.t S)ee.+'

35

$E")!7 &O;#$E'E!+)O! &'#TE$ (8

$E")!7 &O;#$E'E!+)O! A%a*a+ enis soa* %imana $ita menawa )ertanaan ang awaanna erasa* %ari a.aan te(t" A%a  enis $onte$s ang iasa ter%a)at %a*am soa*! (* ;enentukan Topik  To)i$ iasa %i$ena* seagai i%e umum" 8ntu$ menentu$an i%e umum, a.a u%u*na &i$a a%a', a.a $a*imat )ertama %ari setia) )aragra, %an $a*imat  tera$+ir %ari a.aan terseut" ,* ;enentukan #ikiran %tama I )de #okok  Pertanaan-)ertanaan )i$iran utama %a)at %i*a$u$an %engan eragai .ara" =onto+na! )ertanaan eri$ut ini memutu+$an inormasi ang sama! a" A)a )i$iran utama a.aan ini; " A)a +a* ang %ii.ara$an %a*am a.aan ini; ." A)a to)i$ a.aan ini; %" A)a u%u* ang ai$ untu$ a.aan ini; Pi$iran utama iasana ter%a)at )a%a awa* a.aan, o*e+ $arena itu garis awa+i*a+ %ua $a*imat )ertama )a%a a.aan itu" 0* ;enggunakan onteks alimat untuk ;engetahui rti osaCata A/ocabulary See*um mengguna$an suatu $onte$s, $ita +arus mema+ami a)a ang %ima$su% %engan $onte$s terseut" #a*am a+asa inggris, $onte$s a%a*a+ gaungan %ari seua+ $osa-$ata %an grammar ang menge*i*ingi seua+ $ata" #engan $onte$s, $ita a$an terantu %a*am memuat )re%i$si umum tentang arti" 4* ;embuat esimpulan yang 3ogis Ter$a%ang, %a*am mema.a suatu a.aan $ita a$an menemu$an )ernataan *angsung %ari suatu a$ta" 9a* ini %iseut %engan a*asan/u$ti" Teta)i )a%a $esem)atan *ain, $ita ti%a$ a$an menemu$an )ernataan *angsung" >emu%ian $ita a$an utu+ untu$  mengguna$an u$ti ang $ita mi*i$i untu$ memuat $esim)u*an ang *ogis" TIPS #AN TRI> EN5E6ESAI>AN SOA6 REA#INK =OPRE9ENSION  Ba.a %u*u soa*na aru .o.o$$an )i*i+an awaan sesuai te(t   @angan mema.a te$sna %a+u*u $arena a$an memuang wa$tu  Bagi ang $osa $ata 0o.au*ar $urang atau ti%a$ %a)at s.eaming &mema.a .e)at' ma$a sao* rea%ing .om)re+ension %iawa tera$+ir sete*a+ soa* soa* *ain %i$era$an

36

Profl Penyusun Stanbrain Education adalah Solusi &elajar  Persiapan !asuk 'ampus P' S#* Bergabung dan Lulus bersama kami! Belajar kapan dan dimana saja  dengan ideo, mini test, tr"o out, materi belajar, diskusi dan pengajar priat online di Sistem -.learning #ersedia juga Supercamp/'arantina*

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