UNISDR 2007 Perkataan Menjadi Tindakan Panduan Implementasi HFA

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2- Jkje{bs tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb qkeb`bg tugfugsbq5- Jkjtkuebgh Jkjtkuebghgg gmnfujbqg gmnfujbqg ugqghf cbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg1- Jkjebm`{m e{cbwb hkbjbmbm cbm hksblbmbm3- Jkm`{ubm`g ugqghf tbcb qkhsfu*qkhsfu {sbjb;- Jkjtkuh{b Jkjtkuh{bss hkqgbtbm {ms{h ekukbhqg-

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3

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2

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5


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1

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0

Ebe 2- Jkmobcghbm Tkm`{ubm`bm Ugqghf Ekmabmb qkeb`bg Tugfugsbq

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7


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Tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb?

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22


2-22 2-

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2-22 2-

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Q{bs{ tibsnfuj Q{bs{ tibsnfuj uk`gfmbi cbibj {tbwb tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb) Bqgb Qkibsbm-

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K- Ebabbm sbjeblbm [M&GQCU- ,5440? @{gckigmkq? Mbsgfmbi Tibsnfujq nfu Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm- [mgskc Mbsgfmq- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`& ppp-{mgqcu-fu`& `{gckigmkq*mt*km`

Cfh{jkm gmg jkjekug tbmc{bm cbibj jkmcgughbm cbm jkjtkuh{bs tibsnfuj mbqgfmbi {ms{h tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb55




2-55 2-

Ekekubtb afmsfl pkeqgsk tibsnfuj pkeqgsk tibsnfuj mbqgfmbi ?

Hfqsb Ughb?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg Afjgqgñm Mbagfmbi ck Tuk~kmagñm ck Ugkq`fq w Bskmagñm ck Kjku`kmagbq ,AMK ,Qtbmgql? ppp-amk-`f-au&

Mghbub`{b?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg Qgqskjb Mbagfmbi tbub ib Tuk~kmagñm) Jgsg`bagñm w Bskmagñm ck Ckqbqsukq ,QGMBTUKC ,Qtbmgql? pppppp-qgmbtukc-`fe-m qgmbtukc-`fe-mg&g&

Hfi{jegb?

Pkeqgsk Ukqjg slk Qgqskjb Mbagfmbi ck Tuk~kmagfm w Bskmagfm ck Ckqbqsukq ppp-c`tbc-`f~-af&

Okujbm?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg slk @kujbm Afjjgsskk nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm ,@kujbm? ppp-chh~-fu`

2

Ukt{eigh Akhf? Akhf? Pkeqgsk ukqjg ukqjg slk Azkal Azkal Mbsgfmbi Mbsgfmbi Afjjgsskk nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm ,Azkal ,Azkal bmc Kmìgql? ppp-aljg-az L{m`bugb?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg slk L{m`bugbm Mbsgfmbi Cgukasfubsk @kmkubi nfu Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkm Jbmb`kjkmss ,L{m`bugbm? ppp-hbsbqzsufnb~kckikj-l{&

Jbcb`bqhbu?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg slk Afmqkgi Mbsgfmbi ck Qkaf{uq ,Nukmal? ppp-jb ppp-jbcb`bqabu*afm cb`bqabu*afmsbasq-afj&amq& sbasq-afj&amq&

Qkmk`bi?

Fnagbi pkeqgsk fn slk Cgukasgfm ck ib Tufskasgfm Ag~gik ,Nukmal?

ppp-gmskugk{u-`f{~-qm&cgukasgfmq-tlt6cgu:cta.m{j:> Cogef{sg?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg Jgmgqsìuk ck i'Gmsçugk{u ks ck ib Cçakmsubigqbsgfm ,Nukmal? ppp-kika-co&Tukqkmsbs ppp-k ika-co&Tukqkmsbsgfm+54IbTufskasgf gfm+54IbTufskasgfmAg~gik-lsj mAg~gik-lsj

Algmb?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg Algmb Mbsgfmbi Afjjgsskk nfu Gmskumbsgfmb Gmskumbsgfmbii Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm ,Algmkqk? ppp-jab-`f~-am

Ngigtgmb? Ngigtg mb?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg Mbsgfmbi Cgqbqsku Affucgmbsg Affucgmbsgm` m` Af{magi- ,Kmìgql ,Kmìgql?? ppp-mcaa-`f~-tl&

Obtbm?

Pkeqgsk ukqjg fn slk Abegmks Fnak Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms ,Obtbmkqk? ppp -ef{qbg-`f-ot

Kmìgql q{jjbuw fn slk Akmsubi Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms Af{magi? ppp-abf-`f-ot&bef{sVk&tjn544>&t53V5;-tcn [ms{h gmnfujbqg ikegl ikm`hbt iglbs pkeqgsk GQCU wbm` jkmwkcgbhbm cbsb) hfmsbh tibsnfuj mbqgfmbi qsbsgqsga ekmabmb) tufi ekmabmb cbm ibtfubm mbqgfmbi wbm` cghibqghbqg fikl mk`bub cg? ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&mbsgfmbi*tibsnfuj


51


2-1

Jkmgibg cbm Jkm`kjebm`hbm Ebqgq Hkikjeb`bbm eb`g Tkm`{ubm`bm Ugqghf Ekmabmb

B- Tkjblbjbm s{`bq

Skujgmfif`g Jbmbokjkm Ugqghf Ekmabmb? Tufqkq qgqskjbsgq


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sku{q*jkmku{q sku{q*jkmku {q cg cbibj tkm`bs{ubm ugqghf cbm bcjgmgqsubqg mk`bubHkknkhsgnbm Tkm`{ubm`bm Tkm`{ubm`bm Ugqghf Ekmabmb

Hkegobhbm cbm tkukmabmbbm tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb cbtbs cghbsbhbm knkhsgn oghb hkegobhbm cbm tubhskh cbug qkj{b qkhsfu jkm``be{m`hbm jkm``be{m`h bm kikjkm tkm`{ubm`bm tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf) oghb bcb c{h{m`bm tfigsgh skulbcbt tkubs{ubm cbm tkm`ki{bubm {ms{h tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb) cbm oghb ikjeb`b cbm jbqwbubhbs wbm` ekusbm``{m` obpbe bsbq gjtikjkmsbqg jkm`ksbl{g btb wbm` cglbubthbm cbug jkukhb cbm ekuqkcgb jkm`bjegi sgmcbhbm sgmcbhbm skulbcbtmwbskulbcbtmwb53

cbibj jkm``{mbhbm hkt{s{qbm bcjgmgqsubsgn) fu`bmgqbqg) hkbligbm ftkubqgfmbi cbm hbtbqgsbq* hbtbqgsbq cbibj tkup{o{cbm hkegobhbm) qsubsk`g cbm hkjbjt{bm ekusblbm hfj{mgsbq cbm jbqwbubhbs {ms{h jkm`{ubm`g cbjtbh eblbwb bibj cbm ekmabmb skhmfif`g cbm igm`h{m`bm wkm` ekuhbgsbm ckm`bmmwb- Lbi gmg skucgug cbug qkj{b ekms{h bhsg~gsbq skujbq{h sgmcbhbm*sgmc sgmcbhbm*sgmcbhbm bhbm qsu{hs{ubi cbm mfm*qsu{hs{ubi {ms{h jkm`lgmcbug ,jkmak`bl bsb{ {ms{h jkjebsbqg ,jgsg`bqg cbm tkuqgbtbm bhgebs e{u{h cbug eblbwb,Q{jeku? [M&GQCU skujgmfif`wIglbs o{`b Bmmk| 3? Nubjkpfuh nfu Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkm Jbmb`kjkms s ,Hkubm`hb Hkuob {ms{h Jbmbokjkm Ugqghf EkmabmbHkubm`hb EkmabmbHkubm`hb hkuob hkegobhbm mbqgfmbi ?Qkh{jt{ibm

hkegobhbm wbm` cgbcftqg fikl tglbh mbqgfmbi wbm` ekupkmbm` {ms{h jkm`{ubghbm cbm jkm`lbcbtg qke{bl gq{ hl{q{q qkabub hflkukm cbm {ms{h jkm{ms{m tkje{bsbm hkt{s{qbm) cgjbmb hkegobhbm gmg skucgug cbug ekueb`bg tkmgibgbm) qsubsk`g) s{o{bm) tkmckhbsbm) tkubs{ubm) tkukmabmbbm) bhsg~gsbq) tugfugsbq) tkubmsbub cbm sbm``{m` obpbe wbm` ukik~bmukik~bm- Hkubm`hb hkuob hkegobhbm tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf ekmabmb mbqgfmbi cbtbs jkm{ms{m qkj{b tkjbm`h{ hktkmsgm`bm ,ikjeb`b qkhsfubi) tkjkugmsblb tkjkugmsblbmm cbkubl cbm tkjkugmsblbm wbm` ibgmmwb cbibj jkm`kjebm`hbm hkegobhbm tkikm`hbt tkm`{ubm`bm ugqghf cg cbibj ubmbl hkpkmbm`bm jkukhb-




2-11 2-

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2-11 2-

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50


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2-11 2-

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2-33 2-

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Ebe 5- Jkmgm`hbshbm gmnfujbqg ugqghf cbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg

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5

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10


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Tkugm`bsbm cgmg jkmobm`hb{ cbm jkibwbmg jbqwbubhbs tbcb sgm`hbs hfj{mgsbq-

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Skujgmfif`g Kikjkm*kikjkm wbm` ekugqghf?

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5

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17


5-22 5-


E- Eb`bgjbmb Jkibh{hbmmwb Ibm`hbl*ibm`hbl wbm` cgbmo{uhbm

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tkmsgm`‥

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5-22 5-

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5

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5-55 5-

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5-11 5-

>- Jkje{bs q{bs{ q{bs{ ukmabmb {ms{h {ms{h jkm`kjebm`hbm jkm`kjebm`hbm bsb{ jkjtkuh{bs jkjtkuh{bs qgqskj qgqskj tkugm`bsbm cgmg j{isg*lbzbuc) j{isg*lbzbuc) jkm`gckmsghbqg sgmcbhbm tugfugsbq qkabub okibq) cbm jkjekughbm cbqbu ukhfjkmcbqg {ms{h bmbigqb

hk{ms{m`bm*hku{`gbm0- Jkm`gckmsghbqg hkqkjtbsbm {ms{h {ms{h jkm`gmskùbqghbm jkm`gmskùbqghbm tkugm`bsbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg cbibj tkukmabmbbm tkukmabmbbm khfmfjg khfmfjg mbqgfmbi

cbm hkegobhbm tkjebm`{mb tkjebm`{mbmm<- Jkm`kjebm`hbm Jkm`kjebm`hbm ukmabmb tkjebm`{mbm tkjebm`{mbm hbtbqgsbq cbm tufùbj tufùbj tkibsglbm) tkibsglbm) ckm`bm q{jekucbwb q{jekucbwb cbm cbm tubsgqgtbqg qkhsfu qpbqsb ,e{hbm tkjkugmsblbm wbm` jkjbcbg7- Jkm`bjbmhbm q{jeku q{jeku cbwb mbmqgbi) jkm`khqtifubqg jkm`khqtifubqg q{jeku q{jeku cbmb uk`gfmbi cbm cbm gmskumbqgfmbi) gmskumbqgfmbi) cbm

jkm`kjebm`hbm jkm`kjebm` hbm hkjgsubbm ckm`bm qkhsfu qpbqsb cbm jkcgb24- Jkmqfqgbigqbqghbm lbqgi k~bi{bqg cbm ukmabmb wbm` cgbo{hbm) ckm`bm tkmkhbmbm tkmkhbmbm tbcb hk{ms{m`bm khfmfjg cbm qfqgbi cbug tkugm`bsbm cgmg cbm jkmc{h{m` tkmkj{bm skuqke{s ckm`bm qs{cg hbq{q[ms{h cbnsbu ikm`hbt cbug gmcghbsfu*gmcgh gmcghbsfu*gmcghbsfu bsfu jbqgm`*jbqgm` kikjkm cbug hkkjtbs kikjkm qgqskj tkugm`bsbm cgmg wbm` knkhsgn) iglbs Ck~kiftgm` Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq? B Alkahigqs ,uknkukmqg ikm`hbt cbibj eb`gbm ’Ebabbm Sbjeblbm‚-

5

A- Sbm``{m` obpbe cbm q{jeku cbwb Qgbtb wbm` lbu{q cgigebshbm6

Blig skhmgq {sbjb cbug? ‥

Ebcbm*ebcbm wbm` cgs{`bqhbm cbibj tkm`{jt{ibm cbsb gijgbl cbm tkm`ksbl{bm tkm`ksbl{bm--

‥

Obqb tkjbmsb{bm cbm tkugm`bsbm ,ibwbmbm jkskufif`gq) gmqsgs{s `kfif`g) cbm qkeb`bgmwb-

‥

‥

Hfj{mghbqg cbm qfqgbigqbqg ,fu`bmgqbqg*fu ,fu`bmgqbqg*fu`bmgqbqg `bmgqbqg ekuebqgq hfj{mgsbq) tku{qblbbm skhmfif`g hfj{mghbqg) cbm jkcgbHkjbjt{bm jkukqtfm ,ebcbm*ebcbm ebms{bm ekmabmb) tkusblbmbm qgtgi) cbm M@F-


C{h{m`bm khqkh{sgn cbm fu`bmgqbqg-

‥

Q{jeku cbwb jbm{qgb cbm cbmb-

‥

’albjtgfm‚ tkugm`bsbm cgmg wbm` jkmgm`hbshbm hkqbcbubmhkqbcbubm-

‥

Bhqkq hktbcb fubm` wbm` blig) skujbq{h fubm`*fubm` ckm`bm ibsbu ekibhbm` skhmgq {ms{h tkjbmsb{bm cbm tkugm`bsbm) cbm o{`b ukqtfmq-

‥

Tkjblbjbm cbm bhqkq jkm{o{ q{jeku cbwb uk`gfmbi cbm q{jeku cbwb cg qki{u{l c{mgb-

‥

Hkuobqbjb ckm`bm fu`bmgqbqg*fu`bmgqbqg fu`bmgqbqg*fu`bmgqbqg mbqgfmbi) uk`gfmbi) cbm gmskumbqgfmbi wbm` skuigebs cbibj hkkjtbs kikjkm tkugm`bsbm cgmg ,jgqbimwb Pfuic J kskufufif`gab kskufufif`gabii fu`bmgzbsgfm ,PJF8 [mgskc Mbsgfmq Kc{absgfmbi) Qagkmsga bmc A{is{ubi Fu`bmgzbsgfm ,[MKQAF8 Pfuic Lkbisl Fu`bmgzbsgfm ,PLF8 Ukc Aufqq Qfagksw cbm

Ukc Aukqakms Qfagksw-


;1


5-11 5-


C- Gi{qsubqg Tufùbj tkugm`bsbm cgmg bm`gm t{w{l) Ebmìbckql

Ebmìbckql bcbibl qbibl qbs{ cbug mk`bub*mk` mk`bub*mk`bub bub cg c{mgb wbm` tbigm` ubpbm skulbcbt ekmabmb- Hbukmb jkmwbcbug eblpb ekmabmb wbm` cbtbs cgubjbihbm {j{jmwb jkm`kmbg mk`bub skuqe{s) Ebmìbckql Ukc Aukqakms Qfagksw cbm Tkjkugmsbl Ebmìbckql jki{ma{uhbm Awaifmk Tuktbukcmkqq Tufùbj ,Tufùbj Hkqgbtbm skulbcbt Bm`gm T{w{l- S{o{bm tufùbj skuqke{s bcbibl {ms{h jkjgmgjbihbm hfuebm ogpb cbm lbusb*ekmcb cbibj ekmabmb bm`gm t{w{l ckm`bm abub jkjtkuh{b jkjtkuh{bss hbtbqgsbq tkmbm`bmbm ekmabmb cbug fubm`*fubm` wbm` lgc{t cg sktg tbmsbg- Tufùbj skuqke{s jkm`kjebm`hbm q{bs{ ukmabmb cbu{ubs pgibwbl , cgqsugas  tbcb qksgbt abebm` ckm`bm qbqbubm jbqwbubhbs wbm` skuhkmb ebmogu) sfumbcf) kufqg q{m`bg) hkhkugm`bm) cbm bm`gm t{w{lTufùbj hk`gbsbm jbqwbubhbs skuqke{s jkigt{sg qfqgbigqbqg qgmwbi tkugm`bsbm bm`gm t{w{l wbm` cghki{buhbm fikl Ebmìbckql Jkskfufif`gabi Cktbusjkms ,Cktbuskjkm ,Cktbuskjkm Jkskfufif`g Ebmìbckql tbcb jbqwbubhbs) cbm o{`b jkjebms{ jbqwbubhbs {ms{h jkmcbtbshbm skjtbs tkuigmc{m`bm) jkmwkibjbshbm fubm`*fubm` wbm` hkq{igsbm) cbm jkmwkcgbhbm tkusfifm`bm tkusbjbAwafmk Tuktbukcmkqq Tufùbj ,Tufùbj Hkqgbtbm skulbcbt Bm`gm T{w{l skuqke{s jkmwkebuhbm tkqbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg bm`gm t{w{l jkibi{g obugm`bm ubcgf wbm` i{bq ,231 qsbqg{m tbcb pgibwbl*pgibwbl , cgqsugas  wbm`

bcb cg qktbmobm` `bugq tbmsbg- Jbuhbq Clbhb tufùbj cbm 231 qsbqgfm mguhbeki skuqke{s bcbibl obugm`bm mguhbeki skuekqbu cg Bqgb- Qkibgm gs{) 11-444 q{hbukibpbm jkm`gugjhbm tkqbm ckm`bm jkm``{mbhbm jkm``{mbhbm jk`bnfm ,tkm`kubq q{bub cbm qgugmk tbcb ckqb*ckqb wbm` skubmabj eblbwb) cbm jkjebms{ bm``fsb jbqwbubhbs wbm` tbigm` ikjbl {ms{h jkmabug skjtbs tkuigmc{m`bm cg skjtbs tkuigmc{m`bm bm`gm t{w{l- Qkabub hkqki{u{lbm skucbtbs 2->44 skjtbs tkuigmc{m`bm cg qktbmobm` cbkubl tgm``gu tbmsbg) 237 cbug skjtbs tkuigmc{m`bm skuqke{s cgebm`{m fikl Ebmìbckql Ukc Aukqakms Qfagksw - Skjtbs tkuigmc{m`bm skuqke{s cbtbs jkmbjt{m` 2-;44 fubm`) cbm cbtbs ekun{m`qg qkeb`bg qkhfibl cbm t{qbs jbqwbubhbs tbcb pbhs{*pbhs{ ’mfujbi‚- Q{hbukibpbm hkqgbtqgb`bbm hkqgbtqgb`bbm skulbcbt bm`gm t{w{l o{`b skuigebs cbibj tkmwkibjbsbm) hk`gbsbm tkusfifm`bm tkusbjb) tkusbjb) cbm cgqsuge{qg ebubm`* ebubm` ebms{bmCg i{bu j{qgj bm`gm t{w{l qktbmobm` 3 e{ibm) q{hbukibpbm skuqke{s jkibh{hbm hk`gbsbm tkmgm`hbsbm hkqbcbubm t{eigh) jkmbjtgihbm cubjb wbm` jkmcgcgh) cbm ibsglbm qgj{ibqg- Q{hbukibpbm) o{`b qkjbhgm ebmwbh ekuhfmsuge{qg cbibj hk`gbsbm jgsg`bqg obm`hb tbmobm`) qktkusg jkmbmbj tflfm tbikj qkeb`bg tkjkabl bm`gm cg qktbmobm` tbmsbg- Tufùbj skuqke{s jkigm`h{tg qkekibq pgibwbl , cgqsugas  cg cbkubl tbmsbg cbm cbtbs jkm`gugjhbm qgmwbi tkugm`bsbm tbcb h{ubm`*ikegl ckibtbm o{sb fubm`[ms{h gmnfujbqg ikegl ibmo{s) iglbs? Ebmìbckql Ukc Aukqakms Qfagksw) Qfagksw) Awaifmk Tuktbukcmkqq Tufùbj bs b @ibmak) Nkeu{buw 54458 Gmskumbsgfmbi Nkckubsgfm fn Ukc Aufqq bmc Ukc Aukqakms Qfagksgkq? Pfuic Cgqbqsku Uktfus? Nfa{q fm Ukc{agm` Ugqh) Jbual 54458 fu Bqgbm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm Akmsku) Sfsbi Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms*@ffc Tubasgakq) Obm{buw 544;-

Qgqskj tkugm`bsbm bm`gm t{w{l suftgq ìfebi

Bm`gm t{w{l suftgq) o{`b cghkmbi qkeb`bg bm`gm sftbm) cgtbmsb{ cbm cgubjbihbm qksgbt lbug qkabub ìfebi jkibi{g PJF @ifebi Suftgabi Awaifmk Pbumgm` Qwqskj ,Qgqskj Tkugm`bsbm Bm`gm T{w{l Suftgq @ifebi PJF- Qgqskj gmg bcbibl obugm`bm ìfebi {ms{h tkm`bjbsbm) tkus{hbubm cbsb) cbm hkjbjt{bm bmbigqb cbm tkubjbibm uk`gfmbi) wbm` cgftkubqghbm fikl obpbsbm lgcufif`g cbm jkskfufif`g mbqgfmbi- Lbi gmg jkigebshbm kmbj t{qbs jkskfufif`g hl{q{q uk`gfmbi wbm` jkjekughbm ubjbibm qkabub sku{q*jkmku{q) jkjekughbm tkugm`bsbm cbm hbebu jkm`kmbg sgm`hbs hktbublbm) obi{u wbm` bhbm cgibi{g) cbm tkuhgubbm skjtbs skuobcgmwb bm`gm t{w{l suftgq- Gmnfujbqg gmg cghgugjhbm tbcb obpbsbm jkskfufif`g mbqgfmbi cbug mk`bub wbm` skubmabj eblbwb- Hkj{cgbm obpbsbm jkskfufif`g skuqke{s jkm`ki{buhbm tkugm`bsbm eb`g mk`bubmwb qkabub sku{q*jkmku{q qkibjb qkh{ubm`*h{ubm`mwb 53 obj ;3




5-11 5-

lgm``b ekekubtb lbug- Pbhs{ skuqke{s a{h{t {ms{h jkibh{hbm k~bh{bqg jbqqb qkabub knkhsgn cbm fikl hbukmb gs{ jkm`lgmcbuhbm hkjbsgbm qkabub i{bq- Igjb hfjgsk uk`gfmbi bm`gm t{w{l suftgq ,skucgug bsbq tbub blig cg egcbm` tkjfckibm cbm tkubjbibm bm`gm t{w{l jkmwkcgbhbm hffucgmbqg uk`gfmbi) qkusb c{h{m`bm tkibsglbm[ms{h gmnfujbqg ikegl ibmo{s) h{mo{m`g qgs{q pke PJF cg? ppp-pjf-al&pke&ppp&SAT&SAT*l ppp-pjf-al&pke&ppp&SAT&SAT*lfjk-lsji fjk-lsji

Qgqskj tkugm`bsbm cgmg {ms{h hkebhbubm l{sbm ekibmsbub

Hkebhbubm l{sbm ekibmsbub jkjebhbu ekekubtb ubs{q o{sb lkhsbu ~k`ksbqg qksgbt sbl{mmwb) cbm cgibtfuhbm eblpb tkmgm`hbsbm bhsg~gsbq hkebhbubm skuobcg cg ekueb`bg skjtbs cg c{mgb- Hkebhbubm jkjgighg cbjtbh mk`bsgn wbm` qkug{q eb`g hkbjbmbm jbm{qgb) hkqklbsbm) khfmfjg uk`gfmbi) tku{eblbm ghigj ìfebi) cbm khfqgqskj tbcb egfjb*egfjb wbm` akmcku{m` sgcbh jkm`bibjg hkebhbubm- Tkm`ki{bubm egbwb {ms{h jkmkhbm hkebhbubm cg qki{u{l c{mgb jkmgm`hbs qkabub aktbs cbibj {qblb {ms{h jkjebsbqg cbjtbh hkebhbubm l{sbm ekibmsbub[ms{h jkjebms{ jbqbibl cbm egbwb skuhbgs hkebhbubm) ebcbm*ebcbm ebcbm*ebcbm jbmbokjkm sbmbl cbm l{sbm) cbm o{`b tkjgigh iblbm iblbm cbm jbqwbubhbs) jbqwbubhbs) skibl jkmc{h{m` jkmc{h{m` tkmksbtbm tkmksbtbm qko{jibl qgqskj tkugm`bsbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg- Qgqskj gmg gmg

5

jkm`gckmsghbqg tkugfcb eblbwb hkebhbubm khqsugj wbm` hugsgq qkeki{j skuobcg hkebhbubm- Tkugm`bsbm cgmg cbug

hfmcgqg*hfmcgqg skuqke{s jkj{m`hgmhbm jbmboku hkebhbubm {ms{h jkmkubthbm sgmcbhbm ukmabmb tkmak`blbm hkebhbubm) tkmckskhqgbm) cbm tub*q{tukqg ,tkmkhbmbm qkeki{j jbqbibl hkebhbubm j{ibg skuobcg- Tkjekugbm tkugm`hbs eblbwb hkebhbubm {j{jmwb cg`{mbhbm {ms{h jkjekughbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg jkm`kmbg hkj{m`hgmbm skuobcgmwb hkebhbubm l{sbm qkug{q ekucbqbuhbm cbsb a{bab lbugbm- Gmnfujbqg eblbwb hkebhbubm {j{jmwb cgtkuh{bs ckm`bm cbsb qbskigs cbm cbsb qtkhsu{j tkm{s{tbm iblbm cbm hfmcgqg eblbm ebhbu- Qkabub mfujbi) qgqskj gmg jkjekughbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg cbibj pbhs{ 3 lgm``b > obj jkm`kmbg eblbwb hkebhbubm hkebhbubm skusgm``g tbcb lbug skuskms{ wbm` cgekughbm fikl cbsb a{babSkuqkcgb qko{jibl qgqskj tkjekugbm tkugm`hbs eblbwb hkebhbubm {ms{h mk`bub*mk`bub cbm {ms{h ekekubtb cbkubl cg qki{u{l c{mgb- Ubjbibm ghigj cbm a{bab hkebhbubm mbqgfmbi) uk`gfmbi) cbm ìfebi) cbm o{`b jbskugbi tkmc{h{m`) cbtbs cgskj{hbm cg Pke Tfusbi nfu Kbuiw Pbumgm` fn Pgicibmc Nguk wbm` cgqkcgbhbm fikl @ifebi Nguk Jfmgsfugm` Akmsku ,@NJAppp-ukk[ms{h gmnfujbqg ikegl ibmo{s) h{mo{m`g Tfusbi Pke @NJA {ms{h Tkugm`bsbm Cgmg Hkebhbubm Pgicibmc cg? ppp-u

{mgnukge{u`-ck&npn&npn&lsj-

K- Ebabbm Sbjeblbm Ebqlku) U- 544>- %@ifebi kbuiw pbumgm` qwqskjq nfu mbs{ubi lbzbucq? qwqskjbsga bmc tkftik*akmsukc%Ebqlku) Tlgifqftlgabi Submqbasgfmq fn slk Ufwbi Qfagksw- B 1>3) 52>0*52<5ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&ttkp&gmnfukqf{uakq&cfaq&UQSB544>2<27t-tcn Nfuclbj) J- 5442- Albiikm`gm` Ef{mcbugkq? B `kmcku tkuqtkasg~k fm kbuiw pbumgm` gm cgqbqsku bmc km~gufmjkmsbi jbmb`kjkms- Tuktbukc nfu bm k|tkus ùf{t jkksgm` fm km~gufmjkmsb km~gufmjkmsbii jbmb`kjkms bmc slk jgsg`bsgfm fn mbs{ubi cgqbqskuq) slk [mgskc Mbsgfmq Cg~gqgfm nfu slk Bc~bmakjkms fn Pfjkm bmc GQCU8 >*7 Mf~kjeku 5442) Bmhbub)

S{uhkw- ppp-{m-fu`&pfjkmpbsal&cbp&aqp&km~Vjbmb`k&cfa{jkmsq&KT;*5442Fas5>-tcn Gmsku*Jgmgqskugbi Afjjgsskk fm Gmskumbsgfmbi Afftkubsgfm Gmsku*Jgmgqskugbi Afftkubsgfm nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm) @f~kumjkms fn Obtbm- 544>Bqqkqq abtbagsgkq bmc qsukm`slkm kbuiw pbumgm` qwqskjq? Obtbm'q Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq bmc Gmskumbsgfmbi Afftkubsg~k Knnfusqppp-ef{qbg-`f-ot&hwfuw ppp-ef {qbg-`f-ot&hwfuwfh{&qf{hghkghbg-t fh{&qf{hghkghbg-tcn cn


;;


5-11 5-


[M&GQCU- 544>- Ck~kiftgm` Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq? B Alkahigqs- Ck~kiftkc bq bm f{safjk fn slk Slguc Gmskumbsgfmbi Afmnkukmak fm Kbuiw Pbumgm` ,KPA GGG) 50*57 Jbual 544>) Efmm) @kujbmwppp-{mgqcu-f ppp-{m gqcu-fu`&ttkp&gmnf*u u`&ttkp&gmnf*ukqf{uakq&kpa1 kqf{uakq&kpa1&alkahigqs&Kmìgql-t &alkahigqs&Kmìgql-tcn cn Cbnsbu gmg jku{tbhbm q{bs{ cfh{jkm lbqgi cbug KPA GGG- Cbnsbu gmg cge{bs {ms{h jkjebms{ tkjkugmsbl cbm jbqwbubhbs cbibj jkmkubthbm qgqskj tkugm`bsbm cgmg wbm` ekut{qbs tbcb jbm{qgb- Cbnsbu skuqke{s cgskuokjblhbm hk cbibj 27 eblbqb mk`bub Ib{s Gmcgb[M&GQCU- 544>- @ifebi Q{u~kw fn Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq? Bm bqqkqqjkms fn abtbagsgkq) `btq bmc fttfus{mgsgkq sfpbuc e{gicgm` b afjtuklkmqg~k ìfebi kbuiw pbumgm` qwqskj nfu bii mbs{ubi lbzbucq- [mgskc Mbsgfmq t{eigabsgfmppp-{mgqcu-fu`&ttkp&gmnf*ukqf{uakq&kpa1&@ifebi*Q{u~kw*fn*Kbuiw*Pbumgm`*Qwqskjq-tcn Slk @ifebi Q{u~kw pbq ukr{kqskc gm Qkauksbuw*@kmkubi Hf Bmmbm'q uktfus sf slk @kmkubi Bqqkjeiw %Gm ibu`ku

nukkcfj? sfpbucq ck~kiftjkms) qka{ugsw bmc l{jbm ug`lsq nfu bii% gm 544; ,ppp-{m-fu`&ibu`kunukkcfj ,ppp-{m-fu`&ibu`kunukkcfj&&Q{u~kg gmg jkjkughbqb hbtbqgsbq skhmgq cbm gmqsgs{qgfmbi tbcb qkj{b sgm`hbs skuhbgs cbibj hkkjtbs hfjtfmkm qgqskj tkugm`bsbm cgmg wbm` knkhsgn[M&GQCU) CHH^- 544>- Kbuiw Pbumgm` * Nufj afmakts sf basgfm) Slk Afmai{qgfmq fn slk Slguc Gmskumbsgfmbi Afmnkukmak fm Kbuiw Pbumgm` Afmnkukmak lkic 50*57 Jbual 544>) Efmm) @kujbmwppp-kpa1-fu`&{tifbc ppp-kp a1-fu`&{tifbc&cfpmifbcq&KbuiwV &cfpmifbcq&KbuiwVpbumgm`Vafjt pbumgm`Vafjtiksk5-tcn iksk5-tcn ^giibùbm ck Ikñm) O- A-) ks bi- 544>- %Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq gm slk afmsk|s fn Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms%Kmspgahi{m` . Iãmcigalku Ub{j) 5&544>) tt- 51*5;_qalb{) O- bmc Hùttkuq) B-M- 5441- Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq nfu Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm- Mkp Wfuh? Wfuh? Qtugm`ku ^kuib` Ekuigm Lkgckieku`-

Qgs{q pke

Slk Gmskumbsgfmbi Akmsku fm Ukqkbual Ki Mgòf ,AGNKM * ppp-aggn ppp-aggnkm*gms-fu`& km*gms-fu`& AGNKM jkjtufjfqghbm) jkikm`hbtg) cbm jkj{ibg tufwkh tkmkigsgbm gijgbl cbm skubtbm wbm` cgtkui{hbm {ms{h jkmgm`hbshbm tkjblbjbm cbm tkugm`bsbm cgmg cbug tkugqsgpb Ki MgòfG@BC Aigjbsk Tukcgasgfm bmc Bttigabsgfmq Akmsuk ,GATBA * ppp-gatba-mks& Fu`bmgqbqg ekuebqgq Mbgufeg {ms{h mk`bub*mk` mk`bub*mk`bub bub cg {o{m` Bnughb cbug Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi B{slfugsw fm Ck~kiftjkms ,Hkpkmbm`bm Bmsbu*Tkjkugmsblbm Bmsbu*Tkjkugmsblbm cbibj Tkjebm`{mb Tkjebm`{mbmm@ifebi Nguk Jfmgsfugm` Akmsku ,@NJA Pke Tfusbi nfu Kbuiw Pbumgm` fn Pgicibmc Nguk * ppp-uk-{mg*nukge{u`-ck& ppp-uk-{mg*nukge{u`-ck&

npn&npn-lsj Ubjbibm a{bab cbm ghigj hkebhbubm ìfebi) uk`gfmbi) cbm mbqgfmbi) cbm o{`b jbskug cbqbu@ifebi Gmnfujbsgfm bmc Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qku~gak ,@GKPQ fn slk Nffc bmc Bùga{is{uk Fu`bmgzbsgfm Fu`bmgzbsgfm ,NBF * pppnbf-fu`&`gkpq&kmìgql&gmck|-lsj @GKPQ jkmgmob{ qgs{bqg tkujgmsbbm&tk tkujgmsbbm&tkmwkcgbbm mwkcgbbm tbm`bm c{mgb cbm jbqbibl*jbqb jbqbibl*jbqbibl ibl wbm` cgibtfuhbm jkm`kmbg qgs{bqg tbm`bm c{mgb qkabub sku{q*jkmku{q-

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5-11 5-

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5-33 5-

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5-33 5-


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>2


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Ebe 1- Jkjebm`{m qke{bl e{cbwb hkqkibjbsbm cbm hksbm``{lbm

5-33 5-

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1-55 1-

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1-11 1-

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Cbibj jkm`kjebm`hbm gmgqgbsgn tkibsglbm) sbmwb? ‥

Gmqkmqgn btbhbl wbm` cbtbs cgekughbm jkibi{g hkqkjtbsbm tkibsglbm cbm tkmcgcghbm {ms{h jkmobjgm hkskuigebsbm wbm` ekuhkibmo{sbm cbm sku{q jkmku{q cbug gmcg~gc{6 Btbhbl bcb ukmabmb qkusghbqg) hfmnkukmqg)

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1-11 1-


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3-22 3-

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3-22 3-

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3->> 3-

A- Sbm``{m` obpbe cbm q{jeku Qgbtb wbm` qklbu{qmwb skuigebs6

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Hkukmsbmbm jbqgm`*jbqgm` qkhsfu-

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ekub`bj okmgq ekmabmb- Tkufikl tkuqks{o{bm tbcb tkubmbm3- E{bsibl mbqhbl ukmabmb ukmabmb {j{j {ms{h tkj{iglbmtkj{iglbm- Igebshbm ukmabmb ukmabmb hfmsgmokmqg hfmsgmokmqg cbm tkusgjebm`bm tkusgjebm`bm wbm` ukik~bm) cbm tkuqgbtbm*tkuqgbtbm sgmcbh bcjgmgqsubsgn cbm tkmcbmbbm qbbs skuobcg ekmabmb- Hfmq{isbqghbmibl ckm`bm cktbuskjkm tkjkugmsbl) fu`bmgqbqg*fu`bmgqbqg fu`bmgqbqg*fu`bmgqbqg wbm` skuhbgs) tku{qblbbm qpbqsb cbm jbqwbubhbs) cbm hkjebm`hbm jkhbmgqjk {ms{h jkmkugjb uk~gkp) jkm`bhfjfcbqg ekueb`bg hktkmsgm`bm cbm jkuk~gqg cfh{jkm;- Cg cbibj ukmabmb ukmabmb tkj{iglbm {j{j) {j{j) abms{jhbm abms{jhbm q{bs{ ckqhugtqg ckqhugtqg tufqkq tkm`kjebm`bm tkm`kjebm`bm ukmabmb ukmabmb tkj{iglbm tkj{iglbm qbbs skuobcg tkugqsgpb*tkugqsgpb wbm` qtkqgh- Tufqkq gmg lbu{q jkmabh{t l{e{m`bm cbm jkhbmgqjk {ms{h

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Qkhsfu*qkhsfu wbm` cgigebshbm cbibj tkukmabmbbm tkj{iglbm

Qkeb`gbm qkhsfu wbm` {j{jmwb cgigebshbm cbibj ukmabmb tkj{iglbm bcbibl? ‥

Uklbegigsbqg&tkj{iglbm gmnubqsu{hs{u cbm nbqgigsbq*nbqgigsbq tkmsgm`? Uklbegigsbqg wbm` aktbs tbcb gmnubqsu{h{u Uklbegigsbqg&tkj{iglbm {sbjb qktkusg obibm {sbjb) okjebsbm) tkuqkcgbbm bgu cbm qgqskj qbmgsbqg) tkjebm`hgs igqsugh {sbjb cbm nbqgigsbq cgqsuge{qg) gug`bqg cbm nbqgigsbq bùgh{is{u) bùgh{is{u) nbqgigsbq hkqklbsbm) nbqgigsbq hkqklbsbm qkusb nbqgigsbq qfqgbi


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Hkskmb`b*hkuobbm cbm jbsb tkmabugbm? Ekughbm c{h{m`bm {ms{h tufc{hqg skumbh qkusb bùgh{is{u) jkibi{g Hkskmb`b*hkuobbm tkmwkcgbbm ekmgl) tkubibsbm) hukcgs jghuf cbm abub ibgmmwb- Ekughbm c{h{m`bm {ms{h {qblb hkagi ckm`bm abub jkjekughbm hukcgs bsb{ jkibi{g abub ibgmmwb- Ekughbm c{h{m`bm {ms{h ukhfmqsu{hqg qkhsfu tku{jblbm ckm`bm jkm``{mbhbm skhmfif`g ifhbi) eblbm ebm`{mbm cbm hkskubjtgibm ifhbi `{mb jkjbqsghbm eblpb bhsg~gsbq hfmqsu{hqg jkjekughbm cbjtbh tfqgsgn qkabub ibm`q{m` hktbcb tkukhfmfjgbm ifhbi- Ekughbm c{h{m`bm tkm`kjebm`bmm obm`hb tkmckh) ckm`bm hkskmb`b*hkuobbm biskumbsgn wbm` jkjtkulbsghbm okmcku {ms{h tkm`kjebm`b jkm``bmsg lgibm`mwb tkhkuobbm cbibj tkugfck tbqab ekmabmbTku{jblbm? Uklbegigsbqg&ukhfmqsu{hqg Uklbegigsbqg&ukhfmqsu{hqg tku{jblbm jku{tbhbm kikjkm h{mag cbibj jkm`bsbqg `bt bmsbub tkusfifm`bm hkcbu{ubsbm hkcbu{ubsbm cbm tkj{iglbm wbm` ekuhkibmo{sbm ekuhkibmo{sbm-- Lbi gmg bcbibl ibm`hbl tkusbjb {ms{h jkm``gbshbm hkjebig tkukhfmfjgbm wbm` tufc{hsgn- Ckm`bm jkjebm`{m hbtbqgsbq tglbh ekupboge ifhbi cbibj jkjtufjfqghbm) jkm`bpbqg) cbm jkjekug tbmc{bm hktbcb tufqkq hfmqsu{hqg qkusb tkukmabmbbm) bhbm jkjebms{ jkjbqsghbm eblpb tufqkq ukhfmqsu{hqg jkm`bibjg hkekulbqgibm cbm ekuobibm qkabub ekuhkibmo{sbm- Tkjkugmsbl Tkjkugmsbl ifhbi lbu{q cgjbjt{hbm {ms{h jkje{bs hkubm`hb hkuob l{h{j cbm tkubs{ubm {ms{h jkm`kjebm`hbm gmgqgbsgn ifhbi cbm hkskuigebsbm ifhbi cbibj lbi tkukmabmbbm cbm hfmqsu{hqgTkutgmcblbm skjtbs sgm``bi hki{bu`b? Cgtkui{hbm tkulbsgbm ikegl tbcb tkutgmcblbm ,qkugm`hbig qkeb`bg bhgebs ekmabmb) tbub blig cbm tkobebs tkjkugmsbl jkm`{q{ihbm ifhbqg wbm` ikegl bjbm {ms{h jkmkjtbshbm jbqwbubhbs ubpbm ugqghf- Mbj{m ckjghgbm) tkm`bibjbm jkje{hsghbm eblpb tkutgmcblbm skjtbs sgm``bi tft{ibqg hk skjtbs ebu{ qkibi{ jkm`lbcbtg sbmsbm`bm‑sbmsbm`bm sbmsbm`bm‑sbmsbm`bm wbm` ekubusg) qklgm``b jbqwbubhbs babthbig tgmcbl hkjebig hk cbkubl bqbimwb-

A- Sbm``{m` obpbe cbm q{jeku cbwb Qgbtbhbl wbm` lbu{q skuigebs6

Qbm`bsibl tkmsgm` eblpb fubm`*fubm` ekugij{ cbug qkhsfu*qkhsfu ekugh{s gh{s qkusb cbibj sgj tkje{bsbm ukmabmb) qklgm``b tkj{iglbm jkmobcg q{bs{ hfjtfmkm skutbc{ cbug tufqkq tkukmabmbbm cbm tufqkq hkqgbtqgb`bbm‥

Cktbuskjkm tkjkugmsblbm gmnubqsu{hs{u) sbsb hfsb) tkukmabmbbm cbm hk{bm`bm-

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Sgmcbhbm ekugh{s cbtbs jkjnbqgigsbqg gmskùbqg tkj{iglbm hkcbibj jkmobcg bhsg~gsbq hkqgbtbm ekmabmb? ‥

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skuqke{s qkeb`bg ibsglbm wbm` ebgh {ms{h hfj{mgsbq wbm` cbtbs ekusblbm cbug ekmabmbEbgh Hfifjegb jb{t{m Kh{bcfu skibl jkjt{mwbg ukmabmb hkcbu{ubsbm hkcbu{ubsbm hkqklbsbm {ms{h jkm`lbcbtg ekmabmb- Eb`bgjbmbt{m o{`b) k~bi{bqg tbqab*ekmabmb jkm`gmcghbqghbm eblpb jbqgl bcb hkqkjtbsbm {ms{h jkmgm`hbshbm hbtbqgsbq cbibj qkhsfu hkqklbsbm- Qsbn hkqklbsbm tkui{ ekhkuob ckm`bm jkm``{mbhb jkm``{mbhbmm tkubibsbm cbm gmqsu{jkm wbm` cgtkueblbu{g) cbm qgqskj hkqklbsbm wbm` bcb tkui{ jkjbc{hbm btb wbm` skibl cgtkibobug cbug ekmabmb qkeki{jmwb- Tkmwkikm``bub tufwkh o{`b jkm`lbubth jkm`lbubthbm bm tkus{hbubm tkm`ksbl{bm cbm tkm`bibjbm wbm` cbtbs jkjebms{ cgbmsbub hkc{b mk`bub) cbm cgbmsbub hfj{mgsbq wbm` qbjb*qbjb ukmsbm skulbcbt ku{tqg `{m{m` ekubtgTufwkh hkqgbtqgb`bbm TBLF&PLF jkmgsghekubshbm jkmgsghekubshbm tbcb tkmgm`hbsbm hbtbqgsbq tkmbm`bmbm , aftgm`  qkhsfu tbcb sgm`hbs mbqgfmbi) q{e*mbqgfmbi) cbm hfsb cg bukb*bukb wbm` ekugqghf sgm``g- Tufwkh gmg jkmbu`kshbm sgcbh lbmwb blig hkqklbsbm cbm sgj sbm``bt ekmabmb qbob) sksbtg o{`b tkjbm`h{ hktkmsgm`bm skuhbgs ibgmmwb) qktkusg qsbn skhmgq wbm` ekusbm``{m` obpbe skulbcbt tkuqkcgbbm bgu cbm tkibwbmbm qbmgsbqg) {mg~kuqgsbq) M@F cbm 2;4




;-11 ;-

f`bmgqbqg skuhbgs ekmabmb ekqkusb tufùbj tkibsglbm skuhbgs- Tufwkh gmg jkm`kjebm jkm`kjebm`hbm `hbm cbm jkmwkebuhbm eblbm*eblbm tkibsglbm jkm`kmbg hkqgbtbm hkqklbsbm) skujbq{h jfc{i hl{q{q {ms{h tkm`bjegibm hkt{s{qbm wbm` jkm``{mbhbm tkubibsbm tkjfckibm j{isg*jkcgb ckm`bm qhkmbugf hkcbu{ubsbm ku{tqg `{m{m` ekubtgTufwkh gmg jkje{bs tufùbj subgm*slk*subgmkuq eb`g tbub blig hkqklbsbm) cbm jkibsgl sgj sbm``bt ekmabmb wbm` q{cbl bcb[ms{h gmnfujbqg ikegl ibmo{s h{mo{m`g pkeqgsk PACU? ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&pacu&t{eigh*nfu{j&`ffc*tubasgakq-lsj bsb{ [M&GQCU gmnfujq) Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm gm Ibsgm Bjkugab bmc slk Abugeekbm Gqq{k) 25 54>) lbibjbm ;0-

Hkqgbtqgb`bbm ekuebqgq*hfj{mgsbq) Gmcgb

Qbjgwbutkssbg cbm T{c{tkssbg bcbibl c{b ckqb cg tbmsbg qkibsbm Sbjgi Mbc{) Gmcgb- Hkc{b ckqb gmg lbjtgu qbjb {h{ubm cbm sgm`hbs tkuhkjebm` tkuhkjebm`bmmwbbmmwb- Eb`bgjbmbt{m o{`b) qktbmobm` sq{mbjg Gmcgbm Fakbm sbl{m 5443) T{c{tkssbg hklgibm`bm mwbpb ,7; hfuebm ogpb kjtbs hbig ikegl ebmwbh cbug Qbjgwbutkssbg ,53 hfuebm ogpb- Tkuekcbbm wbm` a{h{t jkmafifh cgbmsbub hkc{b ckqb gmg bcbibl? Ekekubtb e{ibm qkeki{j sq{mbjg jkmwkubm`) Qbjgwbutkssbg gh{s ekutbusgqgtbqg cbibj tufùbj ibsglbm hkqgbtqgb`bbm cbm tkmgm`hbsbm hkqbcbubmTufùbj skuqke{s jkmabug abub eb`bgjbmb jkjebm`{m hbtbqgsbq hfj{mgsbq jkibi{g tbusgqgtbqg cbm hkskuigebsbm ukibpbm qkabub khqskmqgn- Qtfmqfu tufùbj jkigt{sg Tkjkugmsblbm Gmcgb) [MCT cbm [mgskc Mbsgfm ^fi{mskku ^fi{msk ku Tufùbj ,[M^- Qbjgwbutkssbg) cg cgqsugh A{ccbifuk) skibl cgtgigl qkeb`bg ckqb jfcki {ms{h tufùbj skuqke{s hbukmb ckqb skuqke{s ukmsbm skulbcbt ebmogu) hkhkugm`bm) cbm `kjtb e{jg- Gmgqgbsgn cbm tkibsglbm tufùbj jkmabh{t jkm`bm`hbs hfjgsk ekmabmb ckqb) jkmobibmhbm ukmabmb jbmbokjkm ekmabmb ckqb cbm jkibsgl sgj cbibj tkmabugbm cbm tkibsglbm qkusb tkusfifm`bm tkusbjb) cbm o{`b eb`bgjbmb jkibh{hbm qgj{ibqg cbm jkibsgl tkmc{c{h jkm`kmbg sgsgh bjbm wbm` ikegl sgm``g) qkusb jkibsgl eb`bgjbmb jkmak`bl b`bu sgcbh skm``kibj ckm`bm jkm``{mbhbm sfm` hfqfm` cbm ebsbm` tgqbm`- Eb`g ebmwbh tkmc{c{h) ibsglbm cbqbu wbm` cgekughbm jkmobcg qbm`bs eku`{mb cbibj jkmwkibjbshbm mwbpb jkukhb tbcb sq{mbjg sbl{m 5443[ms{h gmnfujbqg ikegl ibmo{s iglbs? [MCT&EATU) 544; [mgskc Mbsgfmq gm Gmcgb ‑ 23-43-544; Afjj{mgsw*ebqkc Afjj{mgsw*ebqkc Tuktbukcmkqq ‑ Nf{mcbsgfm nfu Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms? ppp-{mct-fu`&eatu&cgqukc&cfa{jkmsq&sq{mbjg&{mct&tu23434;-tcn

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2;2

;


;-11 ;-


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[MKT&FALB Km~gufmjkmsbi Km~gufmjkmsbi [mgs- 544;- @{gckigmkq nfu slk Ck~kiftjkms fn b Mbsgfmbi Km~gufmjkmsb Km~gufmjkmsbii Afmsgm`kmaw Tibm- ppp-uk ppp-ukigknpke-gms&FALBVF igknpke-gms&FALBVFI&tufùbjq&u I&tufùbjq&ukqtfmqk&{mkt kqtfmqk&{mkt&tibm`{gc-lsji &tibm`{gc-lsji

Pkeqgsk

ABJKF? Afjt{sku*Bgckc Jbmb`kjkms fn Kjku`kmaw Ftkubsgfmq * ppp-ktb-`f~&akttf&abjkf& ABJKF bcbibl qke{bl qgqskj btighbqg qfnspbuk wbm` cg`{mbhbm qkabub i{bq {ms{h jkukmabmbhb jkukmabmbhbmm cbm jkmc{h{m` hkcbu{ubsbm hgjgbpg) wbm` cghkjebm`hbm fikl [mgskc Qsbskq Km~gufjkmsbi Tufaskasgfm B`kmaw‗q Alkjgabi Alkjgabi Kjku`kmaw Tuktbukcmkqq Tuktbukcmkqq bmc Tuk~kmsgfm Fnak cbm [mgskc Qsbskq Qsbskq Mbsgfmbi Fakbmga Fakbmga

bmc Bsjfqtlkuga Bcjgmgqsubsgfm-

NKJB? [mgskc Qsbskq Nkckubi Kjku`kmaw Jbmb`kjkms Jbmb`kjkms B`kmaw B`kmaw * ppp-nkjb-` pp p-nkjb-`f~ f~ NKJB jkjekughbm ekueb`bg ekueb`bg tbmc{bm tkukmabmbbm) qktkusg @{gck nfu Bii*Lbzbuc Bii*Lbzbuc Kjku`kmaw Tibmmgm` cbibj pkeqgskmwb cbm o{`b jkibi{g t{qbs t{eighbqgmwb-

2;5


Ibjtgubm G? Bhufmgj BCE

Bqgbm Ck~kiftjkms Ebmh

BCTA

Bqgbm Cgqbqsku Tuktbukcmkq Tuktbukcmkqqq Akmsku

BCUA

Bqgbm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm Akmsku

BCUUM

Bqgbm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm bmc Ukqtfmqk Mkspfuh

BGCJG

Bii Gmcgb Cgqbqsku Jgsg`bsgfm Gmqsgs{sk

BIMBT

Basg~k Ikbumgm` Mkspfuh nfu Baaf{msbegigsw bmc Tkunfujbmak gm L{jbmgsbugbm Basgfm

BTKII

Bpbukmkqq bmc Tuktbukcmkqq nfu Kjku`kmagk Kjku`kmagkqq bs slk Ifabi Ik~ki

EATU

E{ukb{ nfu Augqgq Tuk~kmsgfm bmc Ukaf~kuw

ABCUG

Abtbagsw Ck~kiftjkms nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm Gmgsgbsg~k

ABJKF

Afjt{sku*Bgckc Afjt{sku*Bgc kc Jbmb`kjkm Jbmb`kjkmss fn Kjku`kmaw Ftkubsgfmq-

ABUGAFJ

Abugeekbm Afjj{mgsw

AEC

Afm~kmsgfm fm Egfif`gabi Cg~kuqgsw

AENgJ

Afjj{mgsw Ebqkc Nguk Jbmb`kjkms

AAB

Afjjfm Af{msuw Bqqkqqjkm Bqqkqqjkmss

ACE

Abugeekbm Ck~kiftjkms Ebmh

AGGNKM

Slk Gmskumbsgfmbi Akmsku fm Ukqkbual Ki Mgòf

AUKC

Akmsuk nfu Ukqkbual fm slk Ktgckjgfif`w fn Cgqbqskuq

AUGC

Uk`gfmbi Cgqbqsku Gmnfujbsgfm Akmsku

A[UKK

Afmqfusg{j fn [mg~kuqgsgkq nfu Ukqkbual gm Kbuslr{bhk Km`gmkkugm`

CKPB

Cg~gqgfm fn Kbuiw Pbumgm` bmc Bqqkqqjkms

CJST

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms Subgmgm` Tufùbjjk

KGB

Km~gufmjkmsbi Km~gufmjkms bi gjtbas bqqkqqjkms

KJG

Kbuslr{bhkq bmc Jk`bagsgkq Gmgsgbsg~k

KPA GGG

Slguc Gmskumbsgfmbi Afmnkukmak fm Kbuiw Pbumgm`


2;1

NBF

Nffc bmc Bùga{is{uk Fu`bmgzbsgfm

NKJB

[mgskc Qsbskq Nkckubi Kjku`kmaw Jbmb`kjkms B`kmaw

@KFQQ

@ifebi Kbusl Feqku~gm` Qwqskj fn Qwqskjq

@GKPQ

@ifebi Gmnfujbsgfm bmc Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qku~gak

@KN

@ifebi Km~gufmjkms Nbagigsw

@NJA

@ifebi Nguk Jfmgsfugm` Akmsku

@UGC

@ifebi Ukqf{uak Gmnfujbsgfm Cbsbebqk

@UGT

@ifebi Ugqh Gckmsgabsgfm Tufùbj

LB_[Q*JL

[mgskc Qsbskq Nkckubi Kjku`kmaw Jbmb`kjkm Jbmb`kjkmss B`kmaw qfnspbuk tufùbjjk nfu kqsgjbsgm` tfskmsgbi ifqqkq nufj cgqbqskuq

LNB

Hkubm`hb Hkuob Lwf`f {ms{h Sgmcbhbm

GBQA

Gmsku*B`kmaw Qsbmcgm` Afjjgsskk

GBSN&CU

Gmsku*B`kmaww Sbqh Nfuak fm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm Gmsku*B`kma

GAIKG

Ifabi @f~kumjkms nfu Q{qsbgmbegigsw

GATBA GAT BA G@BC

Aigjbsk Tukcgasgfm bmc Bttigabsgfmq Akmsuk

GAQ[

Gmskumbsgfmbi Af{magi nfu Qagkmak

GKPT

Gmskumbsgfmbi Gmskumbsgf mbi Kbuiw Pbumgm` Tufùbjjk

GNUA

Gmskumbsgfmbi Nkckubsgfm fn Ukc Aufqq bmc Ukc Aukqakms Qfagksgkq

G@BC

Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi Gmsku`f~kumj kmsbi B{slfugsw fm Ck~kiftjkms

G@FQ

Gmskùbskc @ifebi Feqku~gm` Qsubsk`w

GFJ

Gmskumbsgfmbi Fu`bmgzbsgfm nfu Jgùbsgfm

GTAA

Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi Gmsku`f~kumj kmsbi Tbmki fm Aigjbsk Albm`k

GUG

Gmskumbsgfmbi Ukqkbual Gmqsgs{sk nfu Aigjbsk bmc Qfagksw

GQCU

Gmskumbsgfmbi Qsubsk`w nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm

G[AM

Gmskumbsgfmbi [mgfm nfu slk Afmqku~bsgfm fn Mbs{uk bmc Mbs{ubi Ukqf{uakq

ICA

Ikbqs Ck~kiftkc Af{msugkq

JAKKU

J{isgcgqagtigmbuww Akmsku nfu Kbuslr{bhk Km`gmkkugm` Ukqkbual J{isgcgqagtigmbu

JC@q

Jgiikmmg{j Ck~kiftjkms @fbiq

MBTB

Mbsgfmbi Bcbtsbsgf Bcbtsbsgfmm Tufùbjjkq fn Basgfm

MCF

Mbs{ubi Cgqbqskuq Fu`bmgqbsgfm fn B{qsubigb

M@F

Mfm*`f~kumjkmsbi Mfm*`f~kumj kmsbi fu`bmgzbsgfm

FALB

Fnak nfu slk Affucgmbsgfm fn L{jbmgsbugbm Bnnbguq

TBLF

Tbm Bjkugabm Lkbisl Fu`bmgzbsg Fu`bmgzbsgfm fm

TKUG

T{eiga Kmsgsw Ugqh Gmqsgs{sk

2;3


TTKP

[M&GQCU Tibsnfuj nfu slk Tufjfsgfm fn Kbuiw Pbumgm`

TUKBMCGMF

Uk`gfmbi Bmckbm Tufùbjjk nfu Ugqh Ukc{asgfm bmc Cgqbqsku Tuk~kmsgfm

TUQT

Tf~kusw Ukc{asgfm Qsubsk`w Tbtku

UBCG[Q

Ugqh Bqqkqqjkms Sffiq nfu Cgb`mfqgq fn [uebm Bukbq b`bgmqs Qkgqjga Cgqbqskuq

QFTBA QFT BA

Qkauksbugbs fn slk Qf{sl Tbaga Bttigkc @kfqagkmak Afjjgqqgfm

QSBUS

Qwqskj nfu Bmbiwqgq Bmbiwqgq)) Ukqkbual bmc Subgmgm` fm ìfebi albm`k

[MAAC

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Afm~kmsgfm sf Afjebs Ckqkusgabsgfm

[MAUC

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Akmsuk nfu Uk`gfmbi Ck~kiftjkms

[MCBA

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Cgqbqsku Bqqkqqjkms bmc Affucgmbsgfm

[MCBN

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Ck~kiftjkms Bqqgqsbmak Nubjkpfuh

[MC@

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Ck~kiftjkms @uf{t

[MCT

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Ck~kiftjkms Tufùbjjk

[MKT

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Km~gufmjkms Tufùbjjk

[MKQAF

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Kc{absgfmbi) Qagkmsga bmc A{is{ubi Fu`bmgzbsgfm

[MNAAA

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Nubjkpfuh Afm~kmsgfm fm Aigjbsk Albm`k

[MLAU

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Lg`l Afjjgqqgfmku nfu Ukn{`kkq

[MGAKN

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Algicukm'q N{mc

[M&GQCU

Gmsku*B`kmaw qkauksbugbs fn slk Gmskumbsgfmbi Qsubsk`w nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm

[MGSBU

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Gmqsgs{sk nfu Subgmgm` bmc Ukqkbual

[MFQBSS [MFQB

[mgskc Mbsgfmq Ftkubsgfmbi Qbskiigsk Bttigabsgfmq Tufùbjjk

[M[

[mgskc Mbsgfmq [mg~kuqgsw

[M^

[mgskc Mbsgfmq ^fi{m ^fi{mskku skku Tufùbjjk [M*Pbsk [M*Pbskuu [mgskc Mbsgfmq jkalbmgqj nfu nfiifp*{t fn pbsku*ukibskc ckagqgfmq ukbalkc bs slk 5445 Pfuic Q{jjgs fm Q{qsbgmbeik Ck~kiftjkms bmc slk Jgiikmmg{j Ck~kiftjkms @fbiq-

[QBGC

[mgskc Qsbskq B`kmaw nfu Gmskumbsgfmbi Ck~kiftjkms

[Q@Q

[mgskc Qsbskq @kfif`gabi Q{u~kw

PNT

Pfuic Nffc Tufùbjjk

PLF

Pfuic Lkbisl Fu`bmgzbsgfm

PACU

Pfuic Afmnkukmak fm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm) Hfek) Lwf`f) Obtbm) nufj 2< sf 55 Obm{buw 544;-

PJF

Pfuic Jkskfufif`gabi Fu`bmgzbsgfm


2;;

Ibjtgubm GG? Uknkukmqg> BCUA) BCUUM- 544;- Gmbj{ub mf Lg- Bqgbm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm Akmsku- pke-bcua-fu-ot&t{eigabsgfmq&gmb pke-bcua-fu-ot&t{eigabsgfmq&gmbj{ub&igqs-lsji j{ub&igqs-lsji BCUA) [M&GQCU bmc [MCT- 544>- Gmskumbsgfmbi Ukaf~kuw Tibsnfuj? Ikbumgm` nufj Cgqbqsku Ukaf~kuw- Kc- G- Cb~gqTukigjgmbuw TfpkuTfgms tukqkmsbsgfm? ppp-bc ppp-bcua-fu ua-fu-ot&gut&tcn&Tufn -ot&gut&tcn&Tufn-+54Cb~gqVHkwmfsk -+54Cb~gqVHkwmfsk-tcn -tcn Bikqal) C-O- bmc Tksbh) P-O- 5442- F~kuafjgm` Feqsbaikq sf Gjtikjkmsgm` Kbuslr{bhk Lbzbuc Jgsg`bsgfm Tfigagkq? Qsb`k 2 Uktfus- Skalmgabi Skalmgabi Uktfus JAKKU*42*4443- J{isgcgqagtigmbuw Akmsku nfu Kbuslr{bhk Km`gmkkugm` UkqkbualBmckbm Afjj{mgswAfjj{mgsw- 5443- Bmckbm Qsubsk`w nfu slk Tuk~kmsgfm bmc Bsskmsgfm sf Cgqbqskuq ,Kqsubsk`gb Bmcgmb tbub ib Tuk~kmagñm w Bskmagñm ck Ckqbqsukq) KBTBC- ,Ckagqgñm ;7225 O{iw 5443ppp-afj{mgcbcbmcgmb-fu`&mfujbsg~b&cka&c;72-lsj Bmsufe{q) T-) ks bi- 2774- @{gckigmkq fm slk Ufik fn Pfjkm gm Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms? Abugeekbm Uk`gfm- Tbm Bjkugabm Lkbisl Fu`bmgzbsgfm- ppp-au ppp-augc-fugc-fu-au&cg`gsbigzbagfm&t au&cg`gsbigzbagfm&tcn&km`&cfa233 cn&km`&cfa2330&cfa2330*af 0&cfa2330*afmskmgcf-tcn mskmgcf-tcn BCE- 544;- Aigjbsk Tuffm`? B Ugqh*Ebqkc Ugqh*Ebqkc Bttufbal sf Bcbtsbsgfm? Q{jjbuw Q{jjbuw nfu Tfigaw bmc Ckagqgfm Jbhkuq- Slk Tlgigttgmkq? Bqgbm Ck~kiftjkms Ebmh ,BCE- ppp-b ppp-bqgbmck~ebmh-f qgbmck~ebmh-fu`&Cfa{jkmsq&Ukt u`&Cfa{jkmsq&Uktfusq&Aigjbsk*Tuff fusq&Aigjbsk*Tuffm`&aigjbsk* m`&aigjbsk* tuffm`q{jjbuw-Tcn BCE- 2772- Cgqbqsku Cgqbqsku Jgsg`bsgfm gm Bqgb bmc slk TbagaTbaga-

BCE) ks bi- 5443- @{gckigmkq nfu jbgmqsukbjgm` cgqbqsku ugqh bqqkqqjkms gm ck~kiftjkmsppp-{mgqcu-fu`&bnugab& ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&bnugab& bnlnb&cfaq&bnugab*`{gckigmkq* bnlnb&cfaq&bnu gab*`{gckigmkq*jbgmqsukbjgm` jbgmqsukbjgm`*cu*bqqkqqjk *cu*bqqkqqjkms*ck~kiftjk ms*ck~kiftjkms-tcn ms-tcn BCTA bmc bmc Fnak Fnak fn fn Nfukg`m Nfukg`m Cgqbqs Cgqbqsku ku Bqqgqs Bqqgqsbmak) bmak) [mgskc Qsbsk Qsbskqq B`kma B`kmaww nfu Gmsku Gmskumbsgf mbsgfmbi mbi Ck~kif Ck~kiftjkms tjkms-- 544;544;- ’Jgsg`bs ’Jgsg`bsgfm gfm

Tibmmgm` bmc Gjtikjkmsbsgfm‚- Gm B Tugjku? Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms gm Bqgb- Ebm`hfh) Slbgibmc? BCTAEbaljbmm) L- 5445- Qkgqjga Afmakts{bi Ckqg`m fn E{gicgm`q * Ebqga tugmagtikq nfu km`gmkkuq) bualgskasq) e{gicgm` fpmkuq) bmc b{slfugsgkq- Kcgskc ew slk Qpgqq Nkckubi Fnak nfu Pbsku bmc @kfif`w bmc slk Qpgqq B`kmaw nfu

Ck~kiftjkms bmc Afftkubsgfm- Ekum) Qpgszkuibmc? EEI) ^kusugke T{eighbsgfmkmEbqlku) U- 544>- ’@ifebi kbuiw pbumgm` qwqskjq nfu mbs{ubi lbzbucq? qwqskjbsga bmc tkftik*akmsukc‚- Tlgifqftlgabi Ebqlku) Submqbasgfmq fn slk Ufwbi Qfagksw- B 1>3) 52>0*52<5- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&ttkp&gmnfukqf{uakq&cfaq&UQSB544>2<27t-tcn Ekah) SS- 544;- Qf{sl Bqgb Kbuslr{bhk 544;? Ikbumgm` nufj tuk~gf{q kbuslr{bhk ukigkn ftkubsgfmq- BIMBT& Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j- ppp-bimbt-fu` fu ppp-tuf~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu` >

Qki{u{l qgs{q pke wbm` bcb cg bsbq skuqkcgb qkabub fmigmk j{ibg Btugi 5440


2;0

Ekmqfm) A- bmc Aibw Aibw)) K- 5445- Ebmìbckql? Cgqbqskuq bmc T{eiga Ngmbmak- Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms Pfuhgm` Tbtku Qkugkq Mf- >- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Pfuic EbmhEkmqfm) A- bmc Spg``) O- 5440- Sffiq nfu Jbgmqsukbjgm` Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm? @{gcbmak Mfskq nfu Ck~kiftjkms Fu`bmgqbsgfmq-- @kmk~b? Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j QkauksbugbsFu`bmgqbsgfmq ppp-tuf~kmsgfmafmq ppp-t uf~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu`&6t fusg{j-fu`&6tb`kgc:10.t{eiga b`kgc:10.t{eigabsgfmgc:215!21 bsgfmgc:215!2155 Ekmqfm) A- )Spg``) O- bmc Ufqqkssf) S- 5440- ’Albtsku 1? Tf~kusw Ukc{asgfm Qsubsk`gkq‚- Gm Sffiq nfu Jbgmqsukbjgm` Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm? @{gcbmak Mfskq nfu Ck~kiftjkms Fu`bmgqbsgfmq) Fu`bmgqbsgfmq) tt- 12*35- @kmk~b? Gmskumbsgfmbi Nkckubsgfm fn Ukc Aufqq bmc Ukc Aukqakms qfagksgkq & Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j t{eigabsgfmppp-tuf~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu` Ekmqfm) A-) Spg``) O- 5443- Jkbq{ugm` Jgsg`bsgfm? Jkslfcfif`gkq nfu Bccukqqgm` Mbs{ubi Lbzbuc Ugqhq bmc slk Mks Ekmks fn Jgsg`bsgfm * B Qaftgm` Qs{cw- Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j-

Elbss) J-U- 544;- ’Ikbumgm` nufj Ukaf~kuw‚- Gm Hmfp Ugqh- [mgskc Mbsgfmq&S{cfu Ufqk- tt 1;2* 1;1Elbss) J-U- 2777- ’Jbttgm` ^{imkubegigsw * Tbusgagtbsfuw Sffi Sffi Hgsq‚- Gm Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms- Kcgskc ew OGmìksfm- S{cfu Ufqk- tt- 73*7;Elbssg) B- bmc Bugwbebmc{) J-J- 5445- Cgqbqsku Afjj{mgabsgfm? B ukqf{uak ukqf{uak Hgs nfu Jkcgb- Gqibjbebc) Tbhgqsbm? GSC@ Qf{sl Bqgb bmc Of{umbigqsq Ukqf{uak AkmskuEibghgk) T-) T-) ks bi- 2773- Bs Ugqh? Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq) Tkftik‗q ^{imkubegigsw bmc Cgqbqskuq- Ifmcfm? Uf{sikc`kEfisfm) T-B-) ks bi- 27<>- Ibmc [qk Tibmmgm` nfu Kbuslr{bhk Lbzbuc Jgsg`bsgfm? B Lbmceffh nfu Tibmmkuq- Afifubcf? Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq Ukqkbual bmc Bttigabsgfmq Gmnfujbsgfm AkmskuEfslbub) O-H-) @{ub`bgm) U- bmc Cg|gs) B- 5445- Tufskasgfm fn Kc{absgfmbi E{gicgm`q B`bgmqs Kbuslr{bhk- Eufal{ukEufal{ukMbsgfmbi Qfagksw nfu Kbuslr{bhk Skalmfif`w*MktbiEugakmf) Q- 5441- ’Slk Gmskumbsgfmb Gmskumbsgfmbii Qsubsk`w nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm bmc Q{qsbgmbeik Ck~kiftjkms? T{eiga bpbukmkqq) Kc{absgfm bmc Abtbagsw*E{gicgm` nfu slk N{s{uk‚- Gm Uk`gfmbi Ck~kiftjkms Cgbif`{k) ^fi- 53) Mf- 2) tt07*<;- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&slk*GQCU*bmc*q{qsbgmbeik*ck~kiftjkms E{uew) U-O- kc- 277<- Afftkubsgm` Pgsl Mbs{uk? Afmnufmsgm` Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq pgsl Ibmc*[qk Tibmmgm` nfu E{uew) Q{qsbgmbeik Afjj{mgsgkq- Pbqlgm`sfm Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Ofqktl Lkmuw TukqqAbucfmb) F-C- 544;- Gmcgabsfuq nfu Cgqbqsku Ugqh bmc Ugqh Jbmb`kjkm Jbmb`kjkms-s- Tufùbj nfu Ibsgm Bjkugab bmc slk Abugeekbm? Q{jjbuw Uktfus- Jbmgzbikq) Afifjegb? Gmqsgs{sf ck Kqs{cgfq Bjegkmsbikq) [mg~kuqgcbc Mbagfmbi ck Afifjegb- Obm{buw 5440- lsst?&&gcecfaq-gb lsst?&&gcecfaq-gbce-fu`&pqcfaq&` ce-fu`&pqcfaq&`kscfa{jkms-b kscfa{jkms-bqt|6cfam{j:3 qt|6cfam{j:3>;755 >;755 ACE bmc ABUGAFJ- 5443- Qf{uakeffh fm slk Gmskùbsgfm fn Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq gmsf slk Km~gufmjkmsbi Gjtbas Bqqkqqjkms ,KGB Tufakqq- Ebuebcfq? Abugeekbm Ck~kiftjkms Ebmh- ppp-abugebmh-fu`&T{eigabsgfmq-mqn& ppp-abugebmh-fu`&T{eigabsgfmq-mqn& KGBQf{uakEffh&#Ngik&Qf{uakEffh;-tcn Albhubebusg) C- bmc Elbs) J-U- 544>- Jgauf*Ngmbmak bmc Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm- Tufakkcgm`q fn Gmskumbsgfmbi Pfuhqlft fm Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jgsg`bsgfm? Tfskmsgbi fn Jgauf*Ngmbmak nfu Sq{mbjg Ukaf~kuw) Mkp Ckilg) Gmcgb) Fasfeku 2;*2;) 544;- Mkp Ckilg? Mbsgfmbi Gmqsgs{sk fn Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkm Jbmb`kjkms-sAfe{um) B-P-) B-P-) Qtkmak) U-O-Q- bmc Tfjfmgq) B- 2773- ^{imkubegigsw bmc Ugqh Bqqkqqjkms- [MCT bmc Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms Subgmgm` Tufùbjjk ,CJST- 5mc kcgsgfm- Abjeugc`k) [mgskc Hgm`cfj? Abjeugc`k Bualgskas{ubi Ukqkbual Igjgskc- ppp-{m ppp-{mcjst-fu`&km` cjst-fu`&kmìgql&~{imkubegigswV igql&~{imkubegigswVugqhbqqkqqjkms ugqhbqqkqqjkms&~{imkubegigsw &~{imkubegigsw-tcn -tcn Cktbusjkms fn Bùga{is{uk Bùga{is{uk . Afftkubsgfm) Jgmgqsuw fn Bùga{is{uk) @f~kumjkms @f~kumjkms fn Gmcgb- 5442- Lg`l Tfpkukc Afjjgsskk fm Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms Uktfus? E{gicgm` b A{is{uk fn Tuk~kmsgfm2;<


Cgiikw) J-) ks bi- 544;- Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku Lfsqtfsq? B @ifebi Ugqh Bmbiwqgq- Pbqlgm`sfm) Cgiikw) Pbqlgm`sfm) CA? Gmskumbsgfmbi Ebmh nfu Ukafmqsu{asgfm bmc Ck~kiftjkms&Slk Pfuic Ebmh bmc Afi{jegb [mg~kuqgsw [mg~kuqgsw-- lsst?&&t{eigabsgfmq-pfuicebmh-fu`& lsst?&&t{eigabsgfmq-pfuicebmh-fu`& kafjjkuak&absbif`&tufc{a kafjjkuak& absbif`&tufc{as6gskjVgc:3145 s6gskjVgc:314544; 44; ’Qwmslkqgq uktfus? Gmsufc{asgfm bmc Cbsb qkasgfmq‚) tt- 5*0- pppickf-afi{jegb-kc{&aluu&ukqk ickf-afi{jegbkc{&aluu&ukqkbual&lfsqtfsq& bual&lfsqtfsq& Cg|gs) B-) Efslbub) O-H- bmc @{ub`bgm) U- 5445- Tufskasgfm fn Kc{absgfmbi E{gicgm`q B`bgmqs Kbuslr{bhk? B Jbm{bi Jbm{bi nfu Ckqg`mkuq bmc E{gickuq- Tuktbukc ew slk Mbsgfmbi Qfagksw nfu Kbuslr{bhk Skalmfif`w*Mktb Skalmfif`w*Mktbi-i- Hbsljbmc{) Mktbi? FNCB) [QBGC bmc [MKQAF- ppp-{ ppp-{mkqaf-fu`&hbsl mkqaf-fu`&hbsljbmc{&cfa{j jbmc{&cfa{jkmsbsgfm&hbslj kmsbsgfm&hbsljbmc{T{eigabsgfmbmc{T{eigabsgfm-tlt tlt CJST- 277>- Afmsgm`kmaw tibmmgm`? B Tubasgabi @{gck nfu Ngkic Qsbnn- Subgmgm` Jfc{ikppp-{mcjst-fu`&km ppp-{ mcjst-fu`&kmìgql&afmsgm`kma ìgql&afmsgm`kmaw&afmsgm`Vtibmm w&afmsgm`Vtibmmgm`-tcn gm`-tcn KJG- 5440- Kmlbmagm` Ifabi Tbusmkuqlgt bmc Qsbhklfickuq‗ Fpmkuqlgt? Fpmkuqlgt? Gjtikjkmsgm` slk CUJJT gm Jksuf JbmgibTufakkcgm`q fn >sl Jksuf Jbmgib Ngkic Sugt) 1ac Qkugkq- Jbmgib Tlgigttgmkq- ppp-kbuslr{bhkqbmcjk`bagsgk ppp-kbuslr{bhkqbmcjk`bagsgkq-fu` q-fu` KJG- 5440- [uebm bmc Jk`bagsgkq Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm? Plbs gq bs Qsbhk bmc Plbs Abm Pk Cf6 Jbmgib) Tlgigttgmkq? KJG Qkauksbugbs- ppp-kbuslr{bhkqbmcjk`bagsgk ppp-kbuslr{bhkqbmcjk`bagsgkq-fu` q-fu` KJG-544>- Jbgmqsukbjgm` Jbgmqsukbjgm` Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm sluf{`l Ibmc [qk Tibmmgm` bmc Kmlbmagm` Jbmb`kjkmss Tubasgakq- Tufakkcgm`q fn ;sl Jksuf Jbmgib Ngkic Sugt) 1ac Qkugkq- Jbmgib Tlgigttgmkq- pppJbmb`kjkm kbuslr{bhkqbmcjk`bagsgkq-fu` KJG bmc TCA- ’Aufqq*A{ssgm` Abtbagsw Ck~kiftjkms Ck~kiftjkms ,1ac Tufùbj‚- Nfu n{uslku gmnfujbsgfm qkk? ppp-tca-fu`&kjg ppp-tca-fu`&kjg Kmbuqfm K- ks bi- 5441- Pfuhgm` Pgsl Pfjkm bs Ugqh? Tubasgabi @{gckigmkq nfu Bqqkqqgm` Ifabi Cgqbqsku Ugqh- Jgbjg) Nifugcb? Gmskumbsgfmbi L{uugabmk Akmsku Akmsku)) Nifugcb Gmskumbsgfmbi [mg~kuqgsw- O{mk 5441- lsst?&&`cmfmigmk lsst?&&`cmfmigmk-fu`&ukqf{uak -fu`&ukqf{uakq& q& Pfuhgm` p Pfjkm Kmìgql -tcn NKJB- 277;- Qkgqjga Afmqgckubsgfmq nfu Afjj{mgsgkq bs Ugqh- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? [mgskc Qsbskq Nkckubi Kjku`kmawJbmb`kjkms B`kmawNfuclbj) J- 5442- Albiikm`gm` Ef{mcbugkq? B `kmcku tkuqtkasg~k fm kbuiw pbumgm` gm cgqbqsku bmc km~gufmjkmsbi jbmb`kjkms-s- Tuktbukc nfu bm k|tkus ùf{t jkksgm` fm km~gufmjkms jbmb`kjkm km~gufmjkmsbi bi jbmb`kjkms bmc slk jgsg`bsgfm fn mbs{ubi cgqbqskuq) slk [mgskc Mbsgfmq Cg~gqgfm nfu slk Bc~bmakjkms fn Pfjkm bmc GQCU8 >*7 Mf~kjeku 5442) Bmhbub)

S{uhkw- ppp-{m-fu`&pfjkmpbsal&cbp&aqp&km~Vjbmb`k&cfa{jkmsq&KT;*5442Fas5>-tcn Nubjtsfm) Q-) ks bi- 277>- Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq? Ab{qkq) Afmqkr{kmakq bmc Jbmb`kjkms- Ifmcfm? Lfccku bmc Qsf{`lsfmNubjtsfm) Q-) ks bi- 277>- Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq? Ab{qkq) Afmqkr{kmakq bmc Jbmb`kjkms- Ifmcfm? Lfccku bmc Qsf{`lsfmNuffs) H- kc- 2777- Slk Ngmbmagm` fn Absbqsuftlk Ugqh- Algab`f? [mg~kuqgsw fn Algab`f Tukqq@bmckusfm T-S-) ks bi- 544>- ’Jgsg`bsgfm @kmkubskq Qb~gm`q fn Nf{u sf Fmk bmc Kmlbmakq Afjj{mgsw Ukqgigkmak? J{isg*lbzbuc Jgsg`bsgfm Af{magi ,JJA Ukikbqkq Gmcktkmckms Qs{cw fm Qb~gm`q nufj Mbs{ubi Lbzbuc Jgsg`bsgfm-‚ Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq Feqku~ku) ^fi- 14) Mf- 3- tt- 2*1- ppp-afifubcf-kc{&lbzbucq&f&bualg~kq&544>&jbu4>&jbu4>-tcn @geeq) SS- 5441- Ckqg`m Jbm{bi nfu Lkbisl Qku~gak Nbagigsgkq gm slk Abugeekbm pgsl Tbusga{ibu Uknkukmak sf Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq bmc Fslku Ifp Nukr{kmaw K~kmsq- GQEM 70>*<4<4*;;<@{lb*Qbtgu) C-) Lbu`gss) C- bmc Lfwfgq) TT- 5443- Slgusw Wkbuq fn Mbs{ubi Cgqbqskuq 2703*5441? Slk M{jekuq- If{~bgm*ib* Mk{~k) Eki`g{j? Tukqqkq {mg~kuqgsbgukq ck If{~bgm- ppp-kj*cbs-mks&cfa{jkmsq&T{eigabsgfm&t{eigabsgfmV5443Vkjcbs-tcn @{lb*Qbtgu) C- bmc Ekifp) U- 5445- Slk R{bigsw bmc Baa{ubaw fn Cgqbqsku Cbsb? B Afjtbubsg~k Bmbiwqgq fn Slukk @ifebi Cbsb Qksq- Eki`g{j? [mg~kuqgsw fn If{~bgm Qalffi fn Jkcgagmk@{ihbm) T- 5444- ’Plbs Kjku`kc nufj slk U{eeik‚- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j) Pfuic Ebmh- Lbqqbm) U-) Qalfikq) U- bmc Bql) M- 544;- Kafqwqskjq bmc L{jbm Pkii*ekgm`? A{uukms Qsbsk bmc Sukmcq) ^fi{jk 2Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Gqibmc TukqqTkuhbsbbm Jkmobcg Sgmcbhbm? Tbmc{bm {ms{h Jkm`gjtikjkmsbqghbm Hkubm`hb Hkuob Lwf`f

2;7

Lkiij{sl) J) ks bi- kcq- 5440- Aigjbsk ugqh jbmb`kjkms gm Bnugab? Ikbumgm` nufj tubasgak- Afi{jegb [mg~kuqgsw) [mg~kuqgsw) Mkp Wfuh? Gmskumbsgfmbi Ukqkbual Gmqsgs{sk nfu Aigjbsk bmc Qfagksw- lsst?&&gugtfusbi-ickf-afi{jegb-kc{&tfusbi&qku~ku-ts& `bskpbw&TSBU@QV4V5V2202V4V4V2<&Aigjbsk+54bmc+54Qfagksw+54Mf2Vkm-tcn GBQA- 544;- Gmsku*B`kmaw Qsbmcgm` Afjjgsskk Gm*Af{msuw Skbj Qkin*Bqqkqqjkms Sffi nfu Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku Ukqtfmqk Tuktbukcmkqq- lsst?&&ppp-l{jbmgsbugbmgmnf-fu`&gbqa&afmskms&tufc{asq&cfaq&ASQBSffiVMC-tcn GBQA Uknkukmak @uf{t fm Afmsgm`kmaw Tibmmgm` bmc Tuktbukcmkqq- 5442- Gmsku*B`kmaw Afmsgm`kmaw Tibmmgm` @{gckigmkq nfu L{jbmgsbugbm BqqgqsbmakBqqgqsbmak- Ukafjjkmcbsgfmq sf slk Gmsku*B`kmaw Qsbmcgm` Afjjgsskk ,GBQA fm 2; Mf~kjeku-- ppp-l{ Mf~kjeku ppp-l{jbmgsbugbmgmnf jbmgsbugbmgmnf-fu`&gbqa&afmsk -fu`&gbqa&afmskms&tufc{asq&cf ms&tufc{asq&cfaq&GBAfmsgm`kmawTib aq&GBAfmsgm`kmawTibm@{gck-tcn m@{gck-tcn GNUA- 544>- @{gck nfu Ck~kiftgm` Ukqtfmqk bmc Afmsgm`kmaw Tibmq nfu Ibsgm Bjkugab bmc slk AbugeekbmGNUA- 544;- @{gckigmkq nfu kjku`kmaw bqqkqqjkmsGNUA- 544;- Lfp sf afmc{as b nffc qka{ugsw bqqkqqjkms) b qskt*ew*qskt `{gck nfu Mbsgfmbi Qfagksgkq gm BnugabGNUA- 5443- Pfuic Cgqbqskuq Uktfus? Nfa{q fm afjj{mgsw ukqgigkmak- lsst?&&ppp-gnua-fu`&t{eigabs&pcu5 lsst?&&ppp-gnua-fu`&t{eigabs&pcu5443&gmck|-bqt 443&gmck|-bqt GNUA- 5441- Pkii*tuktb Pkii*tuktbukc ukc Mbsgfmbi Qfagksgkq Qkin BqqkqqjkmsGNUA- 5442- Gjtuf~gm` Ebqga Subgmgm Subgmgm`` Qhgiiq- ppp-gnu ppp-gnua-fu`&plbs&cgqb a-fu`&plbs&cgqbqskuq&ct&jbm{ qskuq&ct&jbm{bi-bqt bi-bqt GNUA- 5442- Pfuic Cgqbqskuq Uktfus? Nfa{qgm` fm Ukaf~kuw Ukaf~kuw-- ppp-gnua-fu`&t{eigabs&pcu5442& ppp-gnua-fu`&t{eigabs&pcu5442& GNUA- @{gckigmkq nfu ^{imkubegigsw bmc Abtbagsw Bqqkqqjkms- ppp-gnua-fu`&plbs&cgqbqskuq&ct&tibmmgm`&~ab`{gckigmk ppp-gnua-fu`&plbs&cgqbqskuq&ct&tibmmgm`&~ab`{gckigmkq-bqt q-bqt Slk Gmqsgs{sgfm fn Ag~gi Km`gmkkuq- 277;- Jk`bagsgkq? Ukc{agm` ~{imkubegigsw sf mbs{ubi cgqbqskuq- Ifmcfm? Slfjbq SkinfucGmsku*Jgmgqskugbi Afjjgsskk fm Gmskumbsgfmbi Afftkubsgfm nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm) @f~kumjkms fn Obtbm- 544>Gmsku*Jgmgqskugbi Bqqkqq abtbagsgkq bmc qsukm`slkm kbuiw pbumgm` qwqskjq? Obtbm‗q Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq bmc Gmskumbsgfmbi Afftkubsg~k Knnfusq- Jbual 544>- ppp-e ppp-ef{qbg-`f-ot&hwf f{qbg-`f-ot&hwfuwfh{&qf{hghkghb uwfh{&qf{hghkghbg-tcn g-tcn Gmskumbsgfmbi Jfmksbuw N{mc- 544>- ’Tf~kusw Ukc{asgfm Qsubsk`w Tbtkuq ,TUQTq‚- ppp-gjn-fu`&k|skumbi&mt&tuqt&tuqt-bqt GTAA- 5440- 3sl uktfus fn slk Gmsku`f~kumj Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi kmsbi Tbmki fm Aigjbsk Albm`k- Qffm b~bgibeik bs? ppp-gtaa ppp-gtaa-al& -al& GTAA- 5440- Aigjbsk Albm`k 5440? Slk Tlwqgabi Qagkmak Ebqgq? Q{jjbuw nfu Tfigawjbhkuq- Afmsuge{sgfm fn Pfuhgm` @uf{t G sf slk Nf{usl Bqqkqqjkms Uktfus fn slk Gmsku`f~kumj Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi kmsbi Tbmki fm Aigjbsk Albm`k- Nfujbiiw bttuf~kc bs slk 24sl Qkqqgfm fn Pfuhgm` @uf{t G fn slk Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi Tbmki fm Aigjbsk Albm`k ,GTAA) Tbugq) Nkeu{buw 5440- ppp-gtaa-al&QTJ5nke40-tcn GTAA- 5440- Aigjbsk Albm`k 5440? Gjtbasq) Bcbtsbsgfm Bcbtsbsgfm bmc ^{imkubegigsw) ^{imkubegigsw) Pfuhgm` @uf{t GG Afmsuge{sgfm sf slk Nf{usl Bqqkqqjkms Bqqkqqjkms Uktfus fn slk Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi Gmsku`f~kumjkmsbi Tbmki fm Aigjbsk Albm`k- Nfujbiiw bttuf~kc bs slk
Akmsuk) [mg~kuqgsw Afiik`k Ifmcfm bmc Afftkubsg~k nfu Bqqgqsbmak bmc Ukigkn K~kuwplkuk) Gma- ,ABUK Gmskumbsgfmbi- ppp-`cua-fu`&{kj&cgqbqskuq&cgqkm~g&hkiiw-cfa Hkms) U- 2773- Cgqbqsku tuktbukcmkqq- Cgqbqsku Jbmb`kjkms bmc Subgmgm` Tufùbjjk ,CJST subgmgm` jfc{iklsst?&&ppp-{mcjst-fu`&jfc{ikq-lsj Hkw) C- kc- 277;- Qsu{as{ukq sf pgslqsbmc cgqbqskuq- Ifmcfm? Slfjbq Skinfuc2>4


Hukgjku) B- bmc Bumfic) J- 5444- Jbmb`gm` Ugqh gm Kjku`gm` Kafmfjgkq- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Pfuic EbmhHukgjku) B-) Bumfic) J- bmc Abuigm) B- kcq- 5441- E{gicgm` Qbnku Agsgkq? Slk N{s{uk fn Cgqbqsku Ugqh- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Hukgjku) Pfuic Ebmh- ppp-tu ppp-tuf~kmsgfmafmqfu f~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu`&slkj sg{j-fu`&slkjkq&cknb{is&tcnq kq&cknb{is&tcnq&QbnkuVAgsgkq-tcn &QbnkuVAgsgkq-tcn I{mb) K-J- 5444-) “Ebwbmglbm‗? E{gicgm` J{isg*Qkasfubi Tbusmkuqlgt nfu Q{qsbgmbeik Cgqbqsku Tuk~kmsgfm) Jgsg`bsgfm bmc Tuktbukcmkqq? Bm Gjtbas Tufùbj K~bi{bsgfm- K|ka{sg~k Q{jjbuw- Jbmgib? Afutfubsk Mkspfuh nfu Cgqbqsku UkqtfmqkJbuhq) A- 544>- Ukc{agm` Ugqh? Ikbumgm` nufj slk Afjj{mgsw- K|tkugkmak Ikbumgm` Qkugkq mf- 13- pppqf{slbqgbcgqbqskuq-mks&t{eig+54 qf{slbqgbcgqbqs kuq-mks&t{eig+54kiq+54igqs-lsj kiq+54igqs-lsj Jbssgmìw) Q-) Ekmcgjkubc) N- bmc Nkumbmckz) O- 544;- Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms Jbqsku Tibm ,CUJJT Afmakts Tbtku) B Pfuhgm` Cubns Tufc{as fn slk Aufqq*A{ssgm` Abtbagsw Ck~kiftjkms ,1ac Tufùbj- 14 Mf~kjeku 544; ~kuqgfm- ppp-tca-fu`&kjgJgbjgcgbm) K-) ks bi- 544;- Q{u~g~gm` Cgqbqskuq bmc Q{ttfusgm` Ukaf~kuw? B @{gckeffh @{gckeffh nfu Jgaufmbmak Gmqsgs{sgfmq-

Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms Pfuhgm` Tbtku Qkugkq Mf- 24- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Pfuic EbmhJgaufaukcgs Q{jjgs Abjtbg`m- ’Bef{s Jgaufaukcgs? B Qjbii Gmsufc{asgfm sf b L{`k Jf~kjkms-‚ pppjgaufaukcgsq{jjgs-fu`&Bef{s jgaufaukcgsq{ jjgs-fu`&Bef{sjgaufaukcgs-lsj jgaufaukcgs-lsj Jgiksg) C-Q- 2777- Cgqbqskuq ew Ckqg`m? B Ukbqqkqqjkms fn Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq gm slk [mgskc Qsbskq- Pbqlgm`s Pbqlgm`sfm fm CA? Ofqktl Lkmuw TukqqJgsalkii) O-H-2777- Au{ageikq fn Lbzbucq? Jk`b*agsgkq bmc Cgqbqskuq gm Submqgsgfm- Mkp Wfuh? Wfuh? [mgskc Mbsgfmq [mg~kuqgsw TukqqJ{isg*lbzbuc Jgsg`bsgfm Af{magi- 544;- Mbs{ubi Lbzbuc Jgsg`bsgfm Qb~kq? Bm Gmcktkmckms Qs{cw sf Bqqkqq slk N{s{uk Qb~gm`q nufj Jgsg`bsgfm Basg~gsgkq- Pbqlgm`sfm) Pbqlgm`sfm) CA? Mbsgfmbi Gmqsgs{sk fn E{gicgm` Qagkmakq- ppp-ffcq-fu`&TCN& ppp-ffcq-fu`&TCN&

JJAV^fi{jk2VNgmcgm`qAfmai{qgfmqUkafjjkmcbsgfmq-tcn Mbs{ubi Lbzbuc Pfuhgm` @uf{t) @f~kumjkms @f~kumjkms fn slk [mgskc Hgm`cfj- 544;- Slk Ufik fn Qagkmak gm Tlwqgabi Mbs{ubi Lbzbuc Bqqkqqjkms-- Ifmcfm? Cktbusjkms fn Subck bmc Gmc{qsuw- ppp-csg-`f~-{h&ikq&ik<;22-tcn

MCF- 2775- B{qsubigbm Kjku`kmaw Jbm{bi? Afjj{mgsw Kjku`kmaw Tibmmgm` @{gck- 5mc Kcgsgfm- R{kbmekwbm) Mkp Qf{sl Pbikq? Mbs{ubi Cgqbqskuq Fu`bmgqbsgfm ,MCFppp-kjb-`f~-b{&b`c&KJB&uptbssbal-mqn&^BT&,1<1E0KCA57ACK52NEB50>EEEAK25ACA4}Jbm{bi(2;Btcn&#ik&Jbm{bi(2;B-tcn tcn&#ik&Jbm{bi (2;B-tcn fu ppp-a ppp-aq{-kc{-b{&nba{ q{-kc{-b{&nba{isw&lkbisl&bkjn&KJTibm isw&lkbisl&bkjn&KJTibmmgm`&TIBMMGM@-cf mgm`&TIBMMGM@-cfaa

FALB- 5445- [mgskc Mbsgfmq Cgqbqsku Bqqkqqjkms bmc Affucgmbsgfm Ngkic Lbmceffh- lsst?&&ppp-ukigknpke-gms&u lsst?&&ppp-ukigknpke-gms&up&igep&igemqn&ce744QGC&I@KI*;K@T>;6Ftk mqn&ce744QGC&I @KI*;K@T>;6FtkmCfa{jkms mCfa{jkms TBLF&PLF- 544;- Qbnk Lfqtgsbiq? B Afiikasg~k Ukqtfmqgegigsw) B @ifebi Jkbq{uk fn Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm- TBLF& PLF- ppp-t ppp-tblf-fu`&kmìgql blf-fu`&kmìgql&cc&tkc&QbnkLf &cc&tkc&QbnkLfqtgsbiqEffhiks-tcn qtgsbiqEffhiks-tcn Tbmsfob) K- 5445- Jgaufmbmak bmc Cgqbqsku Ugqh Jbmb`kjkms? K|tkugkmak bmc Ikqqfmq Ikbumkc- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? slk Pfuic Ebmh- ppp-t ppp-tuf~kmsgfmafmqf uf~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu`&slkjkq& usg{j-fu`&slkjkq&cknb{is&tcnq&jgauf cknb{is&tcnq&jgaufmVCUJ-tcn mVCUJ-tcn

Tkukz) N-W-IN-W-I- 544;- ’Q{u~g~bi Sbasgaq fn Gmcg`kmf{q Tkftik‚- lsst?&&babckjga-k~kuùkkm-kc{&`&ùfqqjbz&IKKTKUNW&TKUG bmc Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq Akmsku bs slk [mg~kuqgsw fn Afifubcf- 544>- Lfigqsga Cgqbqsku Ukaf~kuw? Gckbq nfu E{gicgm` Ifabi Q{qsbgmbegigsw bnsku b Mbs{ubi Cgqbqsku- 5mc kcgsgfm- ppp-ugqhgmqsgs{sk-fu`& ppp-ugqhgmqsgs{sk-fu`& Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j- 5440- @{gckigmkq fm jbgmqsukbjgm` cgqbqsku ugqh ukc{asgfm gmsf Tf~kusw Ukc{asgfm Qsubsk`w Tuf^kmsgfm Tbtkuq- Sffiq nfu Jbgmqsukbjgm` Cgqbqsku Ugqh) @{gcbmak Mfsk 1- @kmk~b? Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j&Gmskumbsgfmbi Nkckubsgfm fn Ukc Aufqq bmc Ukc Aukqakms QfagksgkqTkuhbsbbm Jkmobcg Sgmcbhbm? Tbmc{bm {ms{h Jkm`gjtikjkmsbqghbm Hkubm`hb Hkuob Lwf`f

2>2

Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j- 5443- @ifebi Qwjtfqg{j nfu Lbzbuc Ugqh Ukc{asgfm) Ikqqfmq Ikbumkc nufj slk Tuf^kmsgfm Bttigkc Ukqkbual @ubmsq nfu Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm Tufùbj- Pbqlgm`sfm Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Pfuic Ebmh- lsst?&&ppptuf~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu`&s tuf~kmsgfmaf mqfusg{j-fu`&slkjkq&cknb{is& lkjkq&cknb{is&tcnq&ùbmsqVqw tcnq&ùbmsqVqwjtfqg{jV43-t jtfqg{jV43-tcn cn Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j- Afjj{mgsw Ugqh Bqqkqqjkms Sffihgs- ppp-tuf~kmsgfmafmqfusg{j-fu`&AUBVsffihgs-lsjUkwkq) J- 544;- Ugqh*Qkmqgsg~k Ibmc*{qk Tibmmgm`? Sfpbucq Ukc{akc Qkgqjga Cgqbqsku ^{imkubegigsw- @kujbmw? Hbqqki [mg~kuqgsw TukqqUgefs) O-A- 5443- Pbgsgm` nfu Ckjfaubaw? Slk tfigsgaq fn alfgak gm mbs{ubi ukqf{uak ckakmsubigqbsgfm- Pbqlgm`sfm CA? Pfuic Ukqf{uakq Gmqsgs{skQalbbt) Pf{sku bmc Nubmah ~bm Qskkmeku`km- ’Gckbq nfu Pbsku Bpbukmkqq Abjtbg`mq‚) tufc{akc gm afmo{masgfm pgsl slk @ifebi Pbsku Tbusmkuqlgt- ppp-afiigmqbqqfa-ab&pbsku&afmskmsq-lsj ppp-afiigmqbqqfa-ab&pbsku&afmskmsq-lsj bq agskc gm [M&GQCU 5443) Ig~gm` pgsl UgqhQaljgc) J- 544>- Slk ufik fn qagkmak gm slk jbmb`kjkms fn mbs{ubi lbzbucq bmc jbofu ugqhq? qagkmsga k|tkusgqk gm

Qpgszkuibmc bmc pgslgm Gmskumbsgfmbi @kmk~b- Ekum) Qpgszkuibmc? Mbsgfmbi Tibsnfuj nfu Mbs{ubi Lbzbucq) bmc Nkckubi N kckubi Fnak fn slk Km~gufmjkms- ppp-akmbs-al&ukqqf{uakq&tibmbsV ppp-akmbs-al&ukqqf{uakq&tibmbsVtufc{asVkmV0 tufc{asVkmV0>5-tcn >5-tcn

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[MCT&EATU- Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm bmc Ukaf~kuw nfu Q{qsbgmbeik L{jbm Ck~kiftjkmsppp-{mct-fu`&eatu&cgqukc&cfa{jkmsq&t{eigabsgfmq&afutfubskuktfus&f~ku~gkp-tcn [MCT&EATU ks bi- 544;- @f~kumbmak? Gmqsgs{sgfmbi bmc tfigaw nubjkpfuhq nfu ugqh ukc{asgfm- Slkjbsga Cgqa{qqgfm Tbtku nfu Ai{qsku 2 fm @f~kumbmak) Gmqsgs{sgfmbi Gmqsgs{sgfmbi bmc Tfigaw Nubjkpfuhq nfu Ugqh Ukc{asgfm- Kcgskc ew O- Spg``Pfuic Afmnkukmak fm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm) Hfek) Obtbm) 2<*55 Obm{buw 544;- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&pacu&slkjbsga* qkqqgfmq&PACU*cgqa{qqgfm*tbtk qkqqgfmq&PACU*c gqa{qqgfm*tbtkuai{qsku2-Tcn uai{qsku2-Tcn [MCT&AUKC- 544>- Bm Bmbiwsgabi Bmbiwsgabi Uk~gkp fn Qkikaskc Cbsb Qksq fm Mbs{ubi Cgqbqskuq bmc Gjtbasq- Tuktbukc nfu slk Tuf^kmsgfm Afmqfusg{j‗q Afmqfusg{j‗q @ifebi Ugqh Gckmsgabsgfm Tufùbj Pfuhqlft fm Gjtuf~gm` Afjtgibsgfm fn Ukigbeik

Cbsb fm Cgqbqsku Faa{uukmak bmc Gjtbas) Ebm`hfh) Slbgibmc- Btugi 5*3) 544>- Eu{qqkiq? Akmsuk nfu Ukqkbual fm slk Ktgckjgfif`w fn Cgqbqskuq ,AUKC- ppp-kj*cbs-mks&cfa{jkmsq&T{eigabsgfm&SqalfkìCbsbQksqUk~gkp-tcn [MKT- 544>- Bnugab Km~gufmjkms F{siffh 5 * F{u Km~gufmjkms) F{u Pkbisl- Mbgufeg) Hkmwb? [MKT- ppp-{mkt-fu`& CKPB&Bnugab&cfaq&km&BKF5VF{ CKPB&Bnugab &cfaq&km&BKF5VF{uVKm~gufmVF{u uVKm~gufmVF{uVPkbisl-tcn VPkbisl-tcn [MKT-- 5445- @ifebi Km~gufmjkms F{siffh 1 ,@KF*1- Mbgufeg) Hkmwb? [MKT- ppp-ùgcb-mf&`kf&`kf1&kmìgql&gmck [MKT ppp-ùgcb-mf&`kf&`kf1&kmìgql&gmck|-lsj |-lsj [MKT&FALB Km~gufmjkmsbi Km~gufmjkmsbi [mgs- 544;- @{gckigmkq nfu slk Ck~kiftjkms fn b Mbsgfmbi Km~gufmjkmsbi Afmsgm`kmaw Tibm- ppp-uk ppp-ukigknpke-gms&FALBV igknpke-gms&FALBVFI&tufùbjq& FI&tufùbjq&ukqtfmqk&{mkt ukqtfmqk&{mkt&tibm`{gc-lsji &tibm`{gc-lsji [MKQAF- 544;- @{gckigmkq bmc Ukafjjkmcbsgfmq nfu Ukfugkmsgm` Skbalku Kc{absgfm sf Bccukqq Q{qsbgmbegigswSkalmgabi Tbtku Mf- 5 * ;- Tbugq? [MKQAF- lsst?&&{mkqcfa-{mkqaf-fu`&gjb`kq&4423&442311&231104K-tcn [M&GQCU- 5440- Ikqqfmq nfu b Qbnku N{s{uk? Cubpgm` fm slk k|tkugkmak fn slk Gmcgbm Fakbm sq{mbjg cgqbqsku@kmk~b? [mgskc Mbsgfmq- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&ikqqfm*nfu*b*qbnku*n{s{uk [M&GQCU- 544>- Ck~kiftgm` Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq? B Alkahigqs- Ck~kiftkc bq bm f{safjk fn slk Slguc Gmskumbsgfmbi Afmnkukmak fm Kbuiw Pbumgm`) 50*57 Jbual 544>) Efmm) @kujbmwppp-{mgqcu-fu`&ttkp&gmnfukqf{uakq& kpa1&alkahigqs&Kmìgql-tcn [M&GQCU- 544>- Ngkic Igeubuw nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm- Absbif`{k[M&GQCU- 544>- @ifebi Q{u~kw fn Kbuiw Pbumgm` Qwqskjq? Bm bqqkqqjkms fn abtbagsgkq) `btq bmc fttfus{mgsgkq sfpbuc e{gicgm` b afjtuklkmqg~k ìfebi kbuiw pbumgm` qwqskj nfu bii mbs{ubi lbzbucq- [mgskc Mbsgfmq- ppp-{mgqcuppp-{mgqcufu`&ttkp&gmnfukqf{uakq&kpa1 fu`&ttkp&gmnf ukqf{uakq&kpa1&@ifebi*Q{u~kw* &@ifebi*Q{u~kw*fn*Kbuiw*P fn*Kbuiw*Pbumgm`*Qwqskj bumgm`*Qwqskjq-tcn q-tcn [M&GQCU- 544>- Iks F{u Algicukm Skbal [q" B Uk~gkp fn slk Ufik fn Kc{absgfm bmc Hmfpikc`k gm Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm[M&GQCU qwqskj Slkjbsga Ai{qsku&Tibsnfuj fm Hmfpikc`k bmc Kc{absgfm qs{cw tuktbukc ew Ekm PgqmkuEbm`bifuk) Gmcgb?Effhq nfu Albm`k- O{iw 544>- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&iks*f{u*algicukm*skbal*{q [M&GQCU- 544;- Gm~kqs sf tuk~kms cgqbqskuq- Tuktbukc nfu slk Gmskumbsgfmbi Cbw nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm 544;- Sf cfpmifbc bs?ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&pcua*544; [M&GQCU- 544;- Tufakkcgm`q fn slk Pfuic Afmnkukmak fm Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&pacu [M&GQCU- 544;- Q{jjbuw fn @{gcgm` Tugmagtikq nfu Mbsgfmbi Tibsnfujq fm Cgqbqsku Ugqh Ukc{asgfm- [mgskc Mbsgfmqppp-{mgqcu-fu`&`{gckigmkq*mt*km` [M&GQCU- 544;- ’[M Qbqbhbpb Bpbuc nfu Cgqbqsku Ukc{asgfm‚- ppp-{mgqcu-fu`&qbqbhbpb*544; [M&GQCU- 5443- Ig~gm` pgsl Ugqh? b ìfebi uk~gkp fn cgqbqsku ukc{asgfm gmgsgbsg~kq- @kmk~b? [mgskc Mbsgfmqppp-{mgqcu-fu`&ipu Tkuhbsbbm Jkmobcg Sgmcbhbm? Tbmc{bm {ms{h Jkm`gjtikjkmsbqghbm Hkubm`hb Hkuob Lwf`f

2>1

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2>3


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207

UNISDR 2007 Perkataan Menjadi Tindakan Panduan Implementasi HFA

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