SBMPTN TAHUN 2015
Problems 76, 77, 78 are based on the following passage. Choose one option that best completes the blank spaces in the passage. The present study sought to document the word reading and comprehension levels attained by children who were implanted by year of age. !t was hypothesi"ed that the improved speech perception abilities ac#uired with cochlear implantation would promote phonological coding skills. $%& ... Three subtests of diagnostic reading assessment batteries standardi"ed on hearing children were administered to %8% children between 8 year ' month and ( year %% month of age who had ) to 6 years of implant e*perience. $+& ... !t included a le*ical decision task, a rhyme task, and the digit span subtest of the echsler !ntelligence -cale for Children. ver half of the children scored within the average range for their age compared with the normative data for hearing children. $/& ... They were higher nonverbal intelligence, higher higher family family socio0 socio0eco econom nomic ic status status,, and later onset onset of deafne deafness ss between between birth and /6 months. $1dapted from Journal of ear and Hearing &
76. hich option option best completes completes $%&2 1. The finding finding showed showed that that the hypothesis hypothesis was was accepted. accepted. 3. The implanta implantation tion was was eventually eventually shown shown to be successf successful. ul. C. The following following paragraph paragraph would would discuss discuss the findings findings of the the study. study. 4. The ob5ective ob5ective of the study study was to see the the sub5ects sub5ects reading skills. skills. . !t would would also facilitate facilitate the the ac#uisition ac#uisition of beginn beginning ing reading reading skills. skills. 77. hich option option best completes completes $+&2 1. ikewise, ikewise, the children children were were obliged obliged to take take a reading reading test 3. !n addition, addition, a battery battery of of processing processing measures measures was admini administered. stered. C. 9owever, 9owever, standa standard rd measurement measurement was was applied applied to test the the sub5ects. sub5ects. 4. Conse#uently Conse#uently,, teh assessment assessment was used to evaluate evaluate the reading reading skills. . !nstead, !nstead, an interview interview consisting consisting of many many different different tasks tasks was conducted. conducted. 78. hich option option best completes completes $/&2 1. The results results were categori categori"ed "ed based on sub5ects sub5ects status. 3. 4ata were were collected collected on the basis basis of several several differe different nt items. items. C. :eading :eading competence competence was associated associated with three aspects. 4. The sub5ects sub5ects consist consisted ed of differe different nt age childre children. n. . ;indings ;indings showed showed various various levels levels of readin reading g skills. skills.
important role in memory. n the other hand, control participants who tokk stretching classes decreased in the volume of the hippocampus. The findings suggest that it is possible to overcome the age0related decline in hippocampal volume with only moderate e*ercise, which leads to better fitness and perhaps to better spatial memory. The researcher noted that the volume of the hippocampus falls with age by between % percent and + percent a year, which leads to impaired memory and increased risk for dementia. 9owever, animal research suggest that e*ercise reduces the loss of volume and preserves memory. To test the effect on humans, they enrolled %+' men and women in their mid0si*ties and randomly assigned 6' of them ton a program of aerobic walking three times a week for a year. The remaining 6' were given stretch classes three times a week and served as a control grup. Their fitness and memory were tested before the intervention, again after si* months, and for a last time after a year. =agnetic :esonance !mages $=:!& of their brains were taken at the same time in order to measure the effect on the hippocampal volume. The study showed that overall the walkers had a + percent increase in the volume of the hippocampus, compared with an average loss about %.)> in the control participants. The researchers also found that improvements in fitness measured by e*ercise testing on a treadmill were significantly associated with increases in the volume of the hippocampus. n the other hand, the study failed to demonstrate a group effect on memory. 3oth groups showed significant improvements both in accuracy and speed on a standard test. The apparent lack of effect is probably a statistical thing that results from large individual differences within the groups. The analyses showed that higher acrobic fitness levels at baseline and after the one0 year intervention were associated with better spatial memory performance. They found that change in aerobic fitness was not related to improvements in memory for either the entire sample or either group separately. n the other hand, larger hippocampi at baseline and after the intervention and were associated with better memory performance. Teh researchers have drawn a conclusion thet aerobic e*ercise is neuro0protective. -tarting an e*ercise routine later in life is then useful for either enhancing cognition or increasing brain volume. $-ource?http@@www.everydayhealth.com& 7(. hich paragraph shows the procedures of conducting the research described in the passage2 1. % 3. + C. / 4. ) . 8'. 3ased on the passage, which of the following reflects the idea of relationships between aerobic e*ercise and memory in brain2 1. :eading and knowledge. 3. :ecipe and good food. C. Teacher and student. 4. Camera and ob5ect.
. 4rink and water. 8%. 3y saying A... it is possible to overcome the age0related decline in hippocampal volume with only moderate e*ercise, ...B $paragraph %&, the author assumes that ... 1. lderly people may look younger because of their brain si"e 3. 1ny e*ecises can probably make better fitness and memory C. The volume of the hippocampus potentially impairs memory 4. :egular e*ercises can increase ones #uality of thinking . The age0related decline can be solved moderately 8+. !n which paragraphs does the author discuss the link of strenuous aerobic e*ercises and the hippocampus2 1. % and + 3. % and / C. + and / 4. / and ) . ) and 8/. ith paragraphs ), the author implies that the... 1. -tatistical probles may significantly reduse the individual differences 3. 4ifference in memory between young and old people is significant C. ffects of memory are closely related to the number of the groups 4. :esearchers should include people with similar characteristics . 1ccuracy and speed in the test can increase the memory 8). hich of the following best restates the idea in paragraph 2 1. 1erobic e*ercises influence the endurance and time of retention. 3. lderly people have a similar volume of hippocampus in their brain. C. Physical e*ercise among people increases the #uality of memory in the brain. 4. 1erobic duration perfomed by the elderly strengthens their stamina and thinking. . lderly peoples memory and brain volume can be improved through routine e*ercise.
3onus focuses on the suistainable management of the 3altic -ea, which is crucial asset not 5ust in terms of its environmental significance, but importantly also for many sectors of the regions economy. verything that happens in the sea is e*perienced by the people, the countries, and the economies that surround it 000 particularly so in the case of the 3altic -ea, which is semi0enclosed. Two calls for 3D- pro5ect proposal have been concluded and a third call will be published in +'%. The first wave of 3D- pro5ects is already under way. !nteresting descriptions of these pro5ects can be found on the 3D- eb site. ne of the programs main strengths derives from its two0pronged approach? 3Dfunds both research and innovation activities that gtarget the challenges facing the 3altic -ea. This work generates both knowledge and solutions to specific problems. To illustrate, Fononen points to a raft of pro5ects focusing on eutrophicatin, the phenomenon caused by an e*cess oh nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates. These can tip the ecological balance in an a#uatic system, endangering many species of flora and fauna. 3D- funds research dedicated to tackling nutrients from agricultural soils as well as three innovation pro5ects that develop specific related technologies. 1ll 3D- pro5ects are encourage to communicate and engage with a wide variety of stakeholders. Fononen reports that 3D- has established itself as a respected contributor to policy discussions, alongside important organi"ations such as the 3altic =arine nvironment Protection Commission 9C= and the Council of the 3altic -ea -utes. The programs success reflects how mindsets have changed over the past decades, she notes. ;urther, she states that there was a time when environmentak and economic priorities where viewed as conflicting. A3ut now,B she says, Awe see that the way towards the future in really in sustainable development. e have to support the ecomomy for the benefit of the citi"ens while making sure that the environment stays in good status. This means securing its services for future generations.B $-ource?http?@@ec.europa.eu& 8. hich of the following indicates the authors bias in the passage2 1. The 3D- program focuses on the sustainable management of the 3altic -ea. 3. Twenty0one national funding institutions support the program with funds. C. This work generates both knowledge and solutions to specific problems. 4. e have to support the economy for the benefit of the citi"ens. . The programs success reflects the change of our mindsets. 86. The author presents the ideas in paragraph ( by ..... 1.
C. egative 4. b5ective . 4etermined 88. f the 3D- program, the paragraph following the passage will likely talk about .... 1. 4evelopment 3. -uccess C. 3enefits 4. ffects . :ules 8(. hich of the following best summari"es the passage2 1. The 3D- program is established to address the environmental issues. 3. 1ll countries in the world need to participate in the 3D- program. C. ;uture generations depend on the success of the 3D- program. 4. The pro5ects have been focused on eutrophication and agricultures. . The 3D- program will strengthen the economic development. ('. 3ased on the passage, it can be hypothesi"ed that .... 1. Teh participating countries will make more proposals on environments 3. The pro5ects will include more people from developing countries C. The program will provide peoplr and animals with more benefits 4. =ore people will discuss the economic issues for funding . There will be more environmental programs established
P=3191-1 76. Teks merupakan artikel penelitian. Paragraf pertama memaparkan hipotesis sebuah penelitian. Dntuk memaparkan sebuah hipotesis, dibutuhkan kalimen menggunakan future tense. Perhatikan kalimat? it was hypothesized that the improved speech perception abilities acquired with cochlear implantation would promote phonological skills. =aka, kalimat selan5utnya yang tepat untuk melengkapi paragraph tersebut adalah kalimat yang masih membicarakan hipotesis dan menggunakan future tense (It would also facilitate the acquisition of beginning reading skills). Jawaban: E
77. Paragraph kedua dari teks tersebut memaparkan metode penelitian. Falimat setelah rumpang men5abarkan beberapa alt ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian. =aka, kalimat yang paling tepat untuk mengisi rumpang tersebut adalah? in addition a battery of processing measures was administered ( dan serangkaian pengukuran proses dilakukan&. Jawaban: B
78. Paragraph terakhir memaparkan hasil dari penelitian tersebut. -esudah kalimat rumpang, kalimat berikutnya menyebutkan tiga hal, yaitu higher nonverbal intelligence higher family socio!economics status and onset of deafness between birth and "# months ( kecerdasan nonverbal yang lebih tinggi, status social0ekonomi keluarga yang tinggi, dan awal mula kemunculan tuli antara usia saat lahir lahir sampai /6 bulan&. =aka, kalimat yang sesuai untuk melengkapi rumpang tersebut adalah reading teh competence was associated with three aspects $kemampuan membaca berhubungan dengan tiga aspek& Jawaban: C
7(. Paragraf pertama memaparkan pendahuluan dari laporan penelitian. Paragraf ketiga memaparkan hasil dari penelitian, hal ini dapat dlihat dari kalimat pertamaG the study showed... $penelitian ini menun5ukkan&. Paragraf keempat memaparkan kekurangan penelitian, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kalimatG on the other hand the study failed... $disisi lain penelitian ini gagal...&. Paragraf kelima memaparkan hasil 5uga, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kalimatG the analyses showed that...$ analisis menun5ukkan...&. =aka paragraph yang menun5ukkan prosedur penelitian adalah paragraph +, hal ini dapat dilihat dari kalimatG $o test the effect on humans they enrolled %&' men and women in their mid!sities...$untuk mengu5i aefek pada manusia, para peneliti tersebut mengikutsertaan %+' pria dan wanita usia pertengahan enam puluh...& Jawaban: B
8'. Pada paragraph ke0%, kalimat ke0/, terdapat kalimat...walking three times a week for a year increased the volume of the hippocampus which plays on important role in memory $ber5alan tiga kali seminggu dalan satu tahun meningkatkan volume hipokampus yang berperan penting dalam memori&. =aka perbandingan yang tepat yang sesuai dengan hubungan latihan aerobic dengan memori otak adalah membaca dan pengetahuan. Farena semakin teratur kita membaca, semakin bertambah pula pengetahuan. Jawaban: A
8%. Falimat? It is possible to overcome the age!related decline the hippocampal volume with only moderate eercise... berarti adalah hal yang memungkinkan untuk
mengatasi penurunan volume hipokampus yang dikarenakan oleh usia hanya dengan olah raga yang cukup. 4ari kalimat tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa olah raga yang teratur dapat menaikkan kulitas berfikir seseorang $regular eercises can increase ones quality of thinking) Jawaban: D
8+. Paragraf ke0% memaparkan isu tentang hubungan aerobic dengan pembesaran hipokampus. Paragraf ke0+ merupakan pemaparan metode penelitian, namun sebelum memaparkan metode, paragraf ini menyebutkan isu tentang hubungan aerobic dengan pembesaran hipokampus pada hewan. -edangakan ke0/, ke0) dan ke0 merupakan pemaparan hasil penelitian, kekurangan dari penelitian, dan kesimpulan peneiti, sehingga paragraph0paragraf ini merupakan fakta yang tidak didiskusikan lagi. 4ari pilihan 5awaban yang ada, paragraph yang menyatakan hubungan aerobic dan pembesaran volume hipokampus adalah % dan +. Jawaban: A
8/. Pada paragraph ke0) terdapat kalimat? $he apparent lack of effect is probably statistical thing that results from large individual defferences within the groups $kekurangan tersebut dikarenakan perbedaan individu yang besar dalam grup&. =elalui kalimat tersebut secara tidak langsung penulis menyatakan bahwa penelitian harus mengikutsertakan individu yang memiliki kesamaan karakteristik. Jawaban: D
8). Paragraph ke0 merupakan paragraph induktif yang memaparkan kesimpulan dari penelitian. Perhatikan kalimat terakhir dalam paragraph tersebut ? *tarting an eercise routine later in life is the useful for either enhancing cognition or increasing brain volume $memulai olah raga rutin di usia lan5ut berguna untuk meningkatkan daya pikir atau meningkatkan volume otak&. =aka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kaliamt yang paling tepat untuk mengemukakan kembali pikiran utama paragraph kelima adalah ? elderly peoples memory and brain volume can be improved through routine eercise $memori dan volume otak orang tua dapat ditingkatkan melalui olah raga rutin&. Jawaban: E
8. 3ias adalah kecenderungan penulis untuk mendukung atau menolak suatu isu yang ditulisnya. 4alam teks ini, penulis mengutip kata0kata Fononen untuk mendukung ekonomi bagi keuntungan masyarakat $+e have to support the ecomony for the benefits of the citizen). Jawaban: D
86. 4alam paragraph (, penulis mengutip perkataan Fononen yang menga5ak masyarakat untuk mendukung program 3D- yang bisa menyelaraskan ekonomi dan lingkungan. =elalui pernyataan tersebut, penulis meyakinkan orang0orang untuk ikut serta dalam program 3D- $ persuading people to participate in the ,-/* program) Jawaban: E
87. 4alam teks, penulis cenderung mendukung isu yang ditulisnya mengenai program 3D-. !a pun manambah kutipan untuk menga5ak orang lain untuk turut serta dalam program tersebut. =aka dapat disimpulkan bahwa sikap penulis terhadap topic
yang ditulis adalah determined $sungguh0sungguh&. Pilihan lain careful H hati0hatiG serious 0 seriusG negative H negatif , menentangG ob1ective H ob5ektif, tidak memihak. Jawaban: E
88. 4alam paragraph terakhir teks tersebut, terdapat kalimat? we see the way towards the future is realy in sustainable development $kita melihat 5alan menu5u masa depan terus berkembang&. =aka, dapat diprediksi pragraf kelan5utan dari teks tersebut akan menceritakan tentang perkembangan dari program 3D-. Jawaban: A
8(. 4alam paragraf pertama terdapata kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa program 3DmIdiciptakan untuk melindungi ketahanan ekosistem aut baltik dan memelihara status lingkungan yang baik. =aka dapat disimpulkan bahwa program 3D- dibuat untuk isu lingkungan $the ,-/* program is established to address the environmental issues). Jawaban: A
('. 4i paragraph 6 terdapat kalimat ? 3D- funds both research dan innovation activities that target the chalanges facing the ,altic *ea $ 3D- membiayai penelitian dan inovasi yang menargetkan masalah di aut 3altik&. =aka dapat diprediksi bahwa dari hasil penelitian dan inovasi tersebut dapat melahirkan program0 program yang lebih banyak $there will the more environmental program established). Jawaban: E
