Tl` Sari`ti`s oc ^syhloahtiv` Cuemi T` first st`p ie studyiem psyhloahtiv` uemi is to hkariy tl`ir orjs, uehtioes, uehtioes, aed hl`jistry. O tl` roumlky 8>,>>> dohuj`et`d sp`hi`s o juslroojs, about 2>> ar` feowe or susp`ht`d to b` psyhloahtiv`. Jost hojjoeky `ehouet`r`d psyhloahtiv` uemi hae b` div id`d ieto oe` o two hath at`mori`s bas`d oe wl`tl`r tl`ir ahtiv` hoestitu`et is psikohie or jushijok. T` psiko hie-hoetaieiem juslroojs ar` tlos` jost hojjoeky us`d or hoet`jporary prahtih`s aed hoestitut` tl` karm`r mroup o tl` two, wlik` tl` jushijok-hoetaieiem uemi lav` tl` ri hl`st mkobak listory.
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Ae iedok` riem is a duak-riem struhtur` hojpris`d oc a b`e z`e` riem cus`d to a pyrrok` riem. Hojpoueds tlat hoetaie ae iedok` riem ar` oct`e r`c`rr`d to as ‛iedok`s.‚
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^sikohie is oe` o tl` jaey tryptajie` tryptajie` psyhl`d`kih psyhl`d`kih hojpoueds. As witl akk tryptajie`s, tl` h`etrak `atur` (or ‛bahfboe`‚) o psikohie’s hl`jihak struhtur` is a 8-(2-ajieo`tlyk) iedok`, its`k b`iem a jodifi`d orj o tl` `ss`etiak ajieo ahid tryptoplae. Otl`r tryptajie`s iehkud` tl` psyhl`d`kihs DJ, 0-J`O-DJ, 0-J`O-DJ, KXD, ibomaie`, aed buot`eie. T` oeky hl`jihak di`r`eh`s b`tw``e tl`s` various hojpoueds ar` skimlt jodifihatioes ie t l` pkah`j`et o `k`j`ets or hl`jihak mroups aroued tlis iedok`. ]lik` tl`s` adgustj`ets ar` skimlt, tl`y jaf` akk tl` di`r`eh` as `ahl struhtur` briems about its owe hlaraht`ristih ``hts ie tl` us`r. T` jamih aed jyst`ry o psyhloahtiv` hl`jistry,, tl`e, uktijat`ky akks oe subtk` slics ie tl` `k`htrihak simeatur` o tl`s` sijpk` substaeh`s. hl`jistry T` pl`e`tlyk T` pl`e`tlykajie`s ajie`s ar` ar` a s`parat` hkass o hl`jihaks tlat hoetaie a karm` eujb`r o psyhl`d`kih substaeh`s. It iehkud`s jaey ‛d`sime`r‚ drums (`.m. JDJA, 2 H-B, 2H-I, JDA, Add`rakk, aed j`shakie`, ajoem otl`rs). Xoj` pl`e`tlykajie`s hae b` biosyetl`siz`d roj tl` ajieo ahid K-pl`eykakaeie`. T`y t`ed to a`ht dopajie` k`v`ks ie t l` braie. ^syhloahtiv` substaeh`s hae akso b` hkassifi`d by low tl`y iet`raht ie tl` braie or by tl`ir typihak psyhlokomihak ``ht oe tl` us`r. T`s` hat`mori`s iehkud` tl` dissohiativ`s dissohiativ`s (`.m. (`.m. D\J, ^H^, `jpatlom`es (`.m. haeeabieoids (`.m. f`tajie`, aed eitrous oxid`), tl` `jpatlom`es (`.m. JDJA aed 2-HB), aed tl` haeeabieoids (`.m. LH aed HBD). A eujb`r o otl`r psyhloahtiv` substaeh`s lav` ueiqu` hl`jihak struhtur`s aed/ or ``hts tlat haeeot `asiky b` pkah`d ieto tl` abov` hat`mori`s. T`s` `hk`htih hojpoueds iehkud` sakvieorie A aed B, atropie`, shopokajie`, larjakie`, ibot`eih ahid, aed jushijok.
XIKOHIE (sik-o-sie) ^ XIKOHIE
H 12 12L 13 13E 2O 4-OL-DJT 4-lydroxy-E, E-dij`tlyktryptajie` 4-lydroxy DJT (i.`. DJT witl a lydroxyk jok`huk` at tl` 4-positioe)
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^�������-H��������� C���� ^sikohyb`.. ^siO tl` roumlky 1<> sp`hi`s o uemi tlat hoetaie psikohie, jost ar` ie tl` m`eus ^sikohyb` kohie-hoetaieiem uemi ar` oued oe `v`ry hoetie`et `xh`pt Aetarhtiha. J`xiho losts =0 psikohie-hoetaieiem sp`hi`s, tl` mr`at`st eujb`r o aey houetry. Cicy-tlr`` o tl`s` ar` ^sikohyb`s ^sikohyb`s.. Oe tl` bkahf jarf`t, ^sikohyb` hub`esis dojieat`s du` to its `as` o huktivatioe oe a vari`ty o sijpk` substrat`s. Ov`r a doz`e otl`r m`e`ra ar` said to hoetaie sp`hi`s witl psikohie aed/or tl` r`kat`d hojpoued psikohybie. Akk o tl` t l` psikohie-hoetaieiem sp`hi`s ar` d`hojpos`rs6 soj` ielabit mrasskaeds aed kawes, wlik` otl`rs pr``r ripariae ar`as, aeijak duem, or tl` wood hlips ie jaeihur`d mard`es aed kaedshap`d ar`as.
^XIKOHYB@ X^@HI@X DIXTRIBPTIOE 1
J`xiho7 08 PX aed Haeada7 22 Austra Aus trakia kia aed ^ah ^ahifih ifih Isk Iskaed aeds7 s7 19 @urop`7 13 Asia7 10 Acriha7 4
Tl` (Bio)Hl`jistry oc ^sikoh(yb)ie
]lik` psikohie is tl` jaie hojpoued r`spoesibk` or tl` ``hts o tl`s` juslroojs, our otl`r ahtiv` hojpoueds jay b` pr`s`et, d`p`ediem oe tl` sp`hi`s7 psikohybie, ba`ohystie, eorba`ohystie, aed a`rumieahie`. R`mardk`ss o sp`hi`s, psikohie aed/or psikohybie ar` typihakky oued ie tl` liml`st hoeh`etratioes. ^sikohie aed psikohybie ar` hkos`ky r`kat`d hojpoueds, di`riem oeky by tl` additioe o a plosplat` mroup to tl` 4-positioe o psikohybie’s iedok` riem. It is b`ki`v`d tlat tlis plosplat` mroup prot`hts psikohybie roj oxidatioe, miviem it tl` abikity to r`jaie stabk` at rooj t`jp`ratur` or y`ars aed to b` boik`d witl jieijak d`mradatioe. ^sikohie, oe tl` otl`r laed, is v`ry uestabk` du` to its pl`eokih lydroxyk mroup, wlihl rapidky d`mrad`s ie tl` pr`s`eh` o oxym`e. It is b`ki`v`d tlat wl`e psikohybie is iem`st`d it is quihfky hoev`rt`d (d`plosplorykat`d) to psikohie ie tl` dim`stiv` syst`j, fide`ys, kiv`r, aed p`rlaps bkood by j`aes o akfakie` plosplatas`s tlat r`jov` tl` plosplat` mroup. 2 Tus, it is psikohie, aed eot psikohy bie, tlat r`ahl`s tl` braie to briem about tl` psyhl`d`kih `xp`ri`eh`. Low`v`r Low`v`r,, as psikohybie psikoh ybie is `asi`r to syetl`siz` aed stor`, it is jor` oc`e r``rr`d to ie tl` kit`ratur`. Jaey psikohie juslroojs staie a d``p h`ruk`ae bku` wl`e laedk`d, a r`ahtioe pr`sujabky attribut`d to tl` oxidatioe (d`mradatioe) o psikohie. Ie otl`r words, as tl`s` juslrooj juslroojss ture bku`, tl`ir pot`ehy jay b` d`hr`asiem. Eot akk psikohie-hoetaieiem uemi staie bku` aed jaey eoe-psyhloahtiv` uemi staie bku` du` to tl` t l` oxidatioe or jodifihatioe o hojpoueds otl`r tlae psikohie. Cor `xajpk`, Xatae’s Bok`t` (Bok`tus (Bok`tus sataeus) sataeus) rapidky tures bku` wl`e hut du` to tl` pr`s`eh` o (tl` eoe-psyhl`d`kih hojpoued) vari`matih ahid. Ba`ohystie aed eorba`ohystie ar` two hojpoueds tlat ar` hl`jihakky sijikar to psikoh(yb)ie aed trah` ajouets o tl`j ar` oc`e oued ie h`rtaie sp`hi`s o psyhloahtiv` uemi. Xtruhturakky, tl`y ar` psikohybie witl oe` j`tlyk aed two j`tlyk mroups r`jov`d, r`sp`htiv`ky. ]lik` tl`s` hojpoueds s``j to ieflu`eh` tl` ``hts o psikoh(yb)ie, tl`ir iedividuak ahtioes oe tl` body ar` eot w`kk studi`d. A ficl ahtiv` hojpoued, a`rumieahie`, is pr`s`et ie Ieohyb` a`rumieash`es. a`rumieash`es. Its hl`jihak struhtur` las eot y`t b``e r`sokv`d, but it hae b` distiemuisl`d roj tl` otl`r our hojpoueds usiem tlie kay`r hlrojatomraply.8 Otl`r, ueid`etifi`d psyhloahtiv` hojpoueds jay `xist as w`kk. T` di`r`et sp`hi`s o psikohie juslroojs lav` varyiem ajouets o tl`s` fiv` akfakoids aed it is lypotl`siz`d tlat variatioes ie t l`ir ratio horr`spoeds to tl` distieht ‛flavor‚ o `ahl sp`hi`s’ psyhloahtiv` ``ht. Cor `xajpk`, ^sikohyb` hub`esis is hub`esis is said to hr`at` a jor` body-bas`d, ‛`artly,‚ or ‛juddy‚ `xp`ri`eh`, wlik` ^. hyae`sh`es produh`s hyae`sh`es produh`s a j`etak, ‛hk`ae`r,‚ aed ‛hk`ar`r‚ trip. Ie akk sp`hi`s, tl` `etir` juslrooj s``js to b` psyhloahtiv`, tlouml studi`s lav` slowe liml`r akfakoid hoeh`etratioes ie tl` haps o ^. hub`esis hub `esis sp`hij`es.4 ^sikohie juslroojs ar` soj` o tl` oeky eaturak psyhloahtiv` substaeh`s tlat ar` botl orakky ahtiv` aed produh` stroem ``hts ie r`kativ`ky kow dos`s. Ie hojparisoe, tl` pow`ruk tryptajie` DJ is oued `edom`eousky ie jaey pkaets aed aeijaks y`t is eot orakky aht iv`. ]l`e DJ is swakkow`d, a hl`jihak ie our stojahls (joeo ajie` oxidas`, JAO) quihfky e`utrakiz`s tlis substaeh` aed prolibits it roj b`iem j`tabokiz`d or produhiem aey psyhloahtiv` ``ht. o b` orakky ahtiv`, DJ just b` jix`d witl a substaeh` tlat ielibits tlis e`utrakiziem hojpoued (i.`. a joeo ajie` oxidas` ielibitor VJAOIZ suhl as tl` larjakie` oued ie Xyriae ru` V^`maeuj V ^`maeuj larjakaZ larjakaZ or tl`
J`tok (croj ploto suppky lous`s) `elaeh`s tl` bkuiem r`ahtioe oc psikohie. Juslrooj pi`h`s add`d to J`tok dissokv`d ie 2>x tl`ir w`imlt ie wat`r wikk ture darf bku`-viok`t ie 8> jieut`s.
A bkuiem r`ahtioe sloukd eot b` us`d oe its owe to id`eticy a psyhloahtiv` juslrooj. Low`v`r ic tlat bkuiem juslrooj akso las purpk`-browe spor`s (as witl ^sikohyb`s ^sikohyb`s ), ), it jimlt produh` psyhloahtiv` ``hts.
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XIKOHYBIE (sik-o-syb`-ie) ^ XIKOHYBIE
H 12 12L 1= 1= E 2O4^ 4-O^O4-DJT 4-^losplorykoxy-E,E-dij`tlyktryptajie` O-plosploryk-4-lydroxy-E, E- dij`tlyktryptajie` 8-V2-(Dij`tlykajieo)`tlykZ1L-iedok-4-ok dilydrom`e plosplat` `st`r
E ORBA@OHYXTIE ORBA@OHYXTIE
(eor-bay-o-sis-tie) H 1> 1>L 18 18E 2O4^ 4-O^O4-T 4-^losplorykoxytryptajie` 1L-Iedok-4-ok, 8-V2-ajieo`tlykZ dilydrom`e plosplat` `st`r
B A@OHYXTIE (bay-o-sis-tie)
12
H 11 11L 10 10E 2O4^ 4-O^O4-JT D`sj`tlyk psikohybie` 4-plosplorykoxy-E-j`tlyktryptajie` 8-V2-(j`tlykajieo)`tlykZ1L-iedok-4-ok dilydrom`e plosplat` `st`r
larjie` oued ie tl` ayluasha pkaet VBaeist`riopsis VBaeist`riopsis haapiZ). haapiZ). It is b`ki`v`d tlat psikohybie is orakky ahtiv` du` to tl` saj` plosplat` mroup tlat f``ps it sl`k-stabk`. T` oxym`e atoj at tl` 4-positioe o psikohybie psikohy bie’’s iedok` riem orjs a w`af lydrom`e-boed witl tl` eitrom`e oe tl` jok`huk`’s harboe ‛taik.‚ Tis boed ``htiv`ky bkohfs JAO roj e`utraki ziem psikohybie ie tl` mut, tl`r`by akkowiem ak kowiem it to `et`r tl` bkoodstr`aj aed to uktijat`ky b` d`plosplorykat`d aed j`tabokiz`d as psikohie.0 Kif` akk tryptajie`s, psikohie is hl`jihakky sijikar to tl` e`urotraesjitt`r s`rotoeie, s`rotoeie, akkowiem it to aht as a partiak part iak amoeist (i.`. it stijukat`s soj` e`uroes aed eot otl`rs) oe tl` braie braie’’s s`rotoe`r3 mih r`h`ptors 0L2A, 0L2H, aed 0L1A. X`rotoeie r`h`ptors ar` oued tlroumlout tl` braie’s braie’s hort`x as w`kk as ie tl` rapl` syst`j, tl` tlakajus, aed abuedaetky ie tl` kohus ho`ruk`us at tl` bas` o tl` braie. T` kohus ho`ruk`us is hoesid`r`d a ‛eov`kty d`t`htor‚ tlat eotifi`s tl` r`st o tl` braie o hlaem`s ie tl` t l` `eviroej`et aed its stijukatioe s``js s ``js to iehr`as` oe`’s abikity to proh`ss ieorjatioe.= Jor` m`e`rakky, m`e`rakky, s`rotoeie r`h`ptor `xhitatioe las b``e kief`d to positiv` p ositiv` joods, iehr`as`d jotivatioe, j`jory, aed k`areiem. X`rotoeie is oc`e said to b` tl` ‛lappie`ss e`urotraesjitt`r, e`urotraesjitt`r,‚ tlouml it is akso r`spoesibk` or jaey otl`r `jotioes aed plysiokomihak ahtiviti`s. ]l`e psikohie ahtivat`s tl`s` r`h`ptors, it produh`s various psyhloahtiv` ``hts. Low tlis lapp`es is eot ued`rstood. ]lik` shi`etists lav` b`` e abk` to slow a r`katioeslip b`tw``e psiko hie aed s`rotoeie r`h`ptors, low hoeshiouse`ss is ahtuakky produh`d aed jodukat`d ie tl` body is oe` o tl` bimm`st riddk`s ie i e shi`eh` aed plikosoply. plikosoply. As suhl, oe` sloukd eot assuj` tlat t lat psikohie’s ``hts ar` kijit`d to sijpk` braie hl`jistry—t l`y jay b` juhl jor` hojpk`x tlae oe` hae `v`e ijamie`. @xp`rij`ets usiem radiokab`k`d psikohybie lav` slowe tl` substaeh` to quihfky b`hoj` distribut`d tlroumlout tl` `etir` body wl`r` its iet`rahtioes ar` eot w`kk ued`rstood. ^sikoh(yb)ie las eot b``e slowe to haus` dajam` to tl` braie eor to aey otl`r jagor ormae. Otl`r tlae `xlibitiem a skimlt `k`vatioe ie bkood pr`ssur` witl soj` us`rs, tl` plysiokomihak ``hts o psikohybie ar` jieijak witl ier`qu`et us`. ^sikohybie is eot labit orjiem aed is eoe-addihtiv`. ]l`e taf`e ie suhh`ssiv` s`ssioes, its ``ht rapidky d`hr`as`s. ]lik` t lis iehr`as`d tok`raeh` w`ars o witlie a `w days, ie tl` slort-t`rj it disabk`s tl` us`r us `r roj moiem oe a juslrooj biem`. It It is `stijat`d tlat a 1<0-poued adukt woukd lav` to `at 28.9 mrajs o pur` psikohybie (or about 2,89> mrajs V0.8 pouedsZ o dri`d ^. hub`esis juslroojs) hub`esis juslroojs) to di`.< Bas`d oe tl` ajouet o psikohybie e`h`ssary to haus` lujae d`atl, tlis hojpoue hojpoued d is k`ss toxih tlae l`roie, hohaie`, akholok, eihotie`, eihotie`, ha`ie`, aed aspirie. As ar as I aj awar`, tl`r` is oeky oe` lujae d`atl dir`htky attribut`d to tl` hoesujptioe o psikoh(yb)ie.9 @`hts
^sikohie uemi hae b` hoesuj`d r`sl or dri`d, wlok` or powd`r`d, ie a vari`ty o ood-bas`d pr`paratioes, or tl`ir ahtiv` hoestitu`ets hae b` `xtraht`d. Cr`sl juslroojs ar` m`e`rakky jor` pot`et du` to tl` liml`r psikohie hoet`et. Dosam`s vary roj >.1‘1>+ mrajs o dri`d juslroojs d`p`ediem oe tl` sp`hi`s hoesuj`d aed tl` us `r’ `r’ss `xp`ri`eh` aed tok`raeh` k`v`k. D`shribiem aey ‛typihak‚ `xp`ri`eh` o tl`s` juslroojs is eot `asy. ]lik` tl`r` ar` oc`e sijikariti`s ajoem tl` `xp`ri`eh`s o us`rs, tl`r` is eo muaraet`` tlat oe`’s `xp`ri`eh` wikk b` o a h`rtaie quakity. @v`ry p`rsoe r`spoeds di`r`etky to tl`ir `eviroej`et aed las l`r or lis owe ueiqu` r`katioeslip witl tl`js`kv`s. Botl o tl`s` dyeajihs ar` l`imlt`e`d aed jodifi`d oe tl` juslrooj trip. As suhl, it is eot possibk` to feow low `xahtky psyhloahtiv` juslroojs wikk a`ht a miv`e iedividuak. Curtl`r, att`jptiem to d`shrib` tl` ``hts o psikohie jay ahtuakky ieflu`eh` tl` us`r’s us`r’s `xp`ri`eh` oe a subhoeshious k`v`k, soj`tliem I fied ratl`r `t lihakky hlakk`emiem. As tl` p`rsoeak simeifihaeh` aed koem-t`rj psyhlokomihak, `jotioeak, aed attitudieak ijpahts tlat hae hoj` roj hoesujiem tl`s` uemi hae b` ki` hlaemiem, d`shribiem—k`t akoe` worfiem witl—tl` pow`r o tl`s` uemi sloukd eot b` taf`e kimltky. Cahtors tlat t`ed to ieflu`eh` a p`rsoe’s `xp`ri`eh` oe psyhloahtiv` uemi iehkud`7 •
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T` sp`hi`s aed dosam` hoesuj`d. ^`rsoeak j`tabokisj aed hl`jihak s`esitivity s`esitivity.. ^r`hoeh`ptioes ^r`hoeh`ptio es o drums aed psyhl`d`kihs maie`d dir`htky or iedir`htky roj otl`rs. ^`rsoeak `xp`ri`eh` witl drums ie m`e`rak, aed psyhl`d`kihs sp`hifihakky.
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^`rsoeak b`ki` syst`js, jotivatioes, aed ki` d`sir`s. T` sp`hifih hokk`htioe (psikohVybZie hoet`et hae vary drajatihakky roj larv`st to larv`st), j`tlod o pr`paratioe, aed am` o sp`hij`es. T` ‛s`t‚ aed ‛s`ttiem‚ o tl` s`ssioe. Iet`etioes Iet`etio es aed d`sir`s or tl` `xp`ri`eh`. ^ost-`xp`ri`eh` iet`mratioe aed proh`ssiem strat`my.
AS@RAM@ D DOX@ X XIW@X OC ^XIKOHYB@
HPB@EXIX
Tlr`slokd7 >‘>.20 mrajs Tlr`slokd7 >‘>.20 Kimlt7 >.20‘1.> Kimlt7 >.20‘1.> mrajs Av`ram`7 1.>‘2.0 Av`ram`7 1.>‘2.0 mrajs Xtroem7 2.0‘0.> mrajs L`avy7 0.>+ L`avy7 0.>+ mrajs
@xp`ri`eh` ‛K`v`ks‚
Tat said, it is l`kpuk or tl` r`ad`r ie`xp`ri`eh`d witl psikohie juslroojs to lav` a s`es` o low tl`ir ``hts ar` oc`e d`shrib`d. Bas`d oe tl` abov`, I fied it `asi`r to s`parat` staedard dosam`s roj tl` di`r`et iet`esity ‛k`v`ks‚ o `xp`ri`eh` `xp` ri`eh` oe` jay lav` oe aey dosam`. •
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Xpor`)7 K���� 1 (Xpor` )7 Peusuak bodiky s`esatioes (a body liml) ar` `kt aed soj` jikd visuak `elaeh`j`et is obs`rv`d. K���� 2 ( (Lyplak Lyplak )7 )7 Mr`at`r visuak `elaeh`j`et hoiehid`s witl tl` s`esatioe tlat obg`hts ar` akiv`. Hr`ativity iehr`as`s ak oem witl 2-D, hkos`d-`y` visuaks. K���� 8 ( Jyh`k Jyh`kiak iak )7 )7 Xtroem op`e-`y` visuaks (hurviem, warp` d, flowiem, or fak`idoshopih patt`res) aed 8-D hkos`d-`y` visuaks jaei`st. T` plysihak s`es`s aed tl` s`es` o tij` b`lav` ueusuakky. ueusuakky. B`lavior r`mr`ss`s as hlikdlood hlik dlood or otl`r r`pr`ss`d j`jori`s ar` r`hakk`d. r`hakk` d. @jpatly toward otl`rs is simeifihaetky l`imlt`e`d. @hosyst`jih)7 K���� 4 ( (@hosyst`jih )7 S`ry stroem visuaks hoiehid` witl tl` d`struhtioe or spkittiem o tl` `mo. Hojjueihatioe witl obg`hts obg`hts b`hoj`s possibk` as tij` kos`s k os`s j`aeiem. Out-o-body `xp`ri`eh`s or @.X.^.-typ` @.X.^.-typ` pl`eoj`ea ar` s`es`d. K���� 0 (Peiv`rsak )7 )7 Akk s`es` o ae `mo aed aey visuak hoee`htioe witl r`akity is hojpk`t`ky kost as tl` psikoplik` j`rm`s witl obg`hts or tl` `etir` ueiv`rs`. Ahh`ssiem tl` afaslif r`hords/m`e`tih databas` is r`port`d. Tis k`v`k d`fi`s d`shriptioe.
^lysiokomihak hlaem`s suhl as iehr`as`d l`art rat` var y by us`r aed tl`ir stat` o hakje`ss aed amitatioe. Hl`wiem tl` juslroojs tloroumlky aed lokdiem tl`j ie oe` oe`’’s joutl iehr`as` tl` rat` o ``htiv`e`ss, wlihl typihakky b`mies ie tl` first oe` to two lours. T` p`af o tl` `xp`ri`eh` hae hoj` oe about two lours kat`r, hr`st or oe` to two lours, aed tl`e tap`r o ov`r aeotl`r oe` to tlr`` lours. T` wlok` `xp`ri`eh` oc`e kasts our to six lours, witl plysiokomihak ac`r``hts eotih`abk` or up to `imlt lours ac`rword. Iesimlts roj tl` `xp`ri`eh` hae kiem`r or a ki`tij`.
^ AXT E E AJ@X COR ^ XYHL@D@KIHX XYHL@D@KIHX
D`kiriaets D`kusioeom`es @id`tihs Lakkuhieom`es Jisp`rh`ptoeom`es Jystihojij`tihs ^lae`rotlyj`s ^laetastihaets ^syhlotihs ^syhlotihaets ^syhlom`es ^syhlosojij`tihs ^syhlodysk`ptihs ^syhlotaraxihs ^syhlotom`es ^syhlotojij`tihs Xhlizom`es
BPT ]LY?
Tl` j`r` caht tlat soj` cuemi cuemi `v`e produh` tl`s` hojpoueds hojpoueds is quit` r`jarfabk`. r`jarfabk`. ^sikohie aed its r`kat`d akfakoids ar` hoesid`r`d s`hoedary j`tabokit`s tlat ar` eot hruhiak to tl` cuemus’ sursurvivak. ]ly do tl`s` cuemi produh` tl`s` hojpoueds ie suhl abuedaet quaetiti`s (soj`tij`s ie `xh`ss oc 1% oc tl` dri`d w`imlt oc tl` juslrooj)? Tlis qu`stioe las e`v`r b``e ad`quat`ky aesw`r`d. Xoj` armu` armu` tlat it is a d`c`es` j`hlaeisj, otl`rs say it is a spor` disp`rsak strat`my tlat attrahts h`rtaie aeijaks. Otl`rs summ`st tlat tl` ho`vokutioe oc psyhloahtiv` cuemi aed lujaes was aed is ae iet`rtwie`d r`katioeslip aed tlat tl`s` cuemi lav` `vokv`d to provid` iecorjatioe to tl`ir lujae houet`rpart tlrouml ueiqu` j`aes oc hojjueihatiem witl Eatur`. Xoj` psyhloahtiv` sp`hi`s app`ar akjost `xhkusiv`ky ie ar`as oc lujae s`ttk`j`et, k`adiem to tl` summ`stioe tlat tl` traikiem oc tl`s` cuemi ieto tl` kaedshap`s oc jod`reity ar` subtk` r`jied`rs oc tl` `t`reak pot`etiak to hoee`ht witl Eatur`, r`mardk`ss oc hoet`xt or hoestraiet.
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