handbook of varieties of English

A Handbook of Varieties of English Volume 1: Phonology

Edited by

Edgar W. Schneider Kate Burridge Bernd Kortmann Raj end Mesthrie Clive Upton

Mouton de Gruyter Berlin • New York *

Contents of volume 1 Contents of volume 2

x

Abbreviations

xv

General introduction Bernd Kortmann and Edgar W. Schneider

1

General references

10

The British Isles Bernd Kortmann and Clive Upton (eds.) Introduction: varieties of English in the British Isles Bernd Kortmann and Clive Upton

25

English spoken in Orkney and Shetland: phonology Gunnel Melchers

35

Scottish English: phonology Jane Stuart-Smith

47

Irish English: phonology. Raymond Hickey

'..'.'.•

68

Welsh English: phonology Robert Penhallurick

98

English dialects in the North of England: phonology Joan Beal

113

The English West Midlands: phonology. Urszula Clark

134

The dialect of East Anglia Peter Trudgill

:......

163

The dialects in the South of England: phonology Ulrike Altendorf and Dominic Watt

178

Channel Island English: phonology Heinrich Ramisch

204

Received Pronunciation Clive Upton

217

British Creole: phonology Peter L. Patrick

•;v

231

vi

Contents of volume 1

The Americas and the Caribbean Edgar W. Schneider (ed.) I n t r o d u c t i o n : varieties o f E n g l i s h in the A m e r i c a s a n d t h e C a r i b b e a n . . . . . 2 4 7 Edgar W. Schneider Standard American English pronunciation William A. Kretzschmar, Jr.

257

New England: phonology Naomi Nagy and Julie Roberts

270

New York, Philadelphia, and other northern cities: phonology Matthew J. Gordon .

282

Rural Southern white accents ErikR. Thomas

300

The urban South: phonology. Jan Tillery and Guy Bailey

325

The West and Midwest: phonology Matthew J. Gordon

..

338

English in Canada: phonology Charles Boberg

351

Newfoundland English: phonology Sandra Clarke

366

African American Vernacular English: phonology Walter F. Edwards

.;

383

Gullah: phonology Tracey L. Weldon

393

Cajun Vernacular English: phonology Sylvie Dubois and Barbara M. Horvath Chicano English: phonology Otto Santa Ana and Robert Bayley

••••

407 417

.

.

Bahamian English: phonology Becky Childs and Walt Wolfram Jamaican Creole and Jamaican English: phonology Hubert Devonish and Otelemate G. Harry Eastern Caribbean English-derived language varieties: phonology Michael Aceto

435 ;

450 481

Contents of volume 1

vii

Bajan: phonology Renee Blake

501

The Creoles of Trinidad and Tobago: phonology Valerie Youssefand Winford James

508

Suriname Creoles: phonology Norval Smith and Vinije Haabo

525

The Pacific and Australasia Kate Burridge and Bernd Kortmann (eds.) Introduction: varieties of English in the Pacific and Australasia Kate Burridge and Bernd Kortmann

567

New Zealand English: phonology Laurie Bauer and Paul Warren

580

Regional and social differences in New Zealand: phonology Elizabeth Gordon and Margaret Maclagan

603

Maori English: phonology Paul Warren and Laurie Bauer

614

Australian English: phonology Barbara M. Horvath

625

Regional characteristics of Australian English: phonology David Bradley

645

Australian Creoles and Aboriginal English: phonetics and phonology Ian G. Malcolm

656

Bislama: phonetics and phonology Terry Crowley

671

Solomon Islands Pijin: phonetics and phonology Christine Jourdan and Rachel Selbach

690

Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea: phonology Geoff P. Smith

710

Hawai'i Creole: phonology Kent Sakoda and Jeff Siegel

:....

729

Fiji English: phonology Jan Tent and France Mugler

750

Norfolk Island-Pitcairn English: phonetics and phonology John Ingram and Peter Muhlhdusler

780

viii

Contents of volume 1

Africa, South and Southeast Asia Rajend Mesthrie (ed.) Introduction: varieties of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia Rajend Mesthrie

805

Nigerian English: phonology UlrikeB. Gut

813

Nigerian Pidgin English: phonology Ben Elugbe

831

Ghanaian English: phonology Magnus Huber

842

Ghanaian Pidgin English: phonology Magnus Huber

866

Liberian Settler English: phonology John Victor Singler

874

Cameroon English: phonology Augustin Simo Bobda

885

Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok): phonology Thaddeus Menang

902

East African English (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania): phonology Josef Schmied

918

White South African English: phonology. . . Sean Bowerman

931

Black South African English: phonology Bertus van Rooy

943

Indian South African English: phonology Rajend Mesthrie

953

Cape Flats English: phonology. Peter Finn

964

St. Helena English: phonology Sheila Wilson

985

Indian English: phonology . Ravinder Gargesh

992

Pakistani English: phonology Ahmar Mahboob and Nadra Huma Ahmar

1003

Contents of volume 1

ix

Singapore English: phonology Lionel Wee

1017

Malaysian English: phonology Loga Baskaran

1034

Philippine English: phonology Ma. Lourdes G. Tayao

1047

Synopses The editors Synopsis: phonological variation in the British Isles Clive Upton

1063

Synopsis: phonological variation in the Americas and the Caribbean Edgar W. Schneider

1075

Synopsis: phonetics and phonology of English spoken in the Pacific and Australasian region Kate Burridge

1089

Synopsis: the phonology of English in Africa and South and Southeast Asia Rajend Mesthrie

1099

Global synopsis: phonetic and phonological variation in English world-wide Edgar W. Schneider

1111

Index of subjects. Index of varieties and languages

1139 1161